AP Photo/Bill Hudson
A police dog attacks a civil rights protester, in the kind of violence Charles Weltner decried.
The height of that drama came when a then-36-year-old Congressman from Georgia named Charles Weltner explained in a "subdued voice and somewhat stumbling delivery" why he was changing his mind on civil rights, The New York Times reported at the time.
That sweeping law outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It also ended segregation.
The bill contained 11 sections and was subject to the longest debate Congress had ever seen.
Weltner was one of just seven Southern lawmakers to support the Civil Rights Act and the only Southerner to switch his vote, according to The Times. Here is the most powerful section on Weltner's powerful speech on why he decided to switch his vote from no to yes.
"I believe a greater cause can be served. Change, swift and certain, is upon us, and we in the South face some difficult decisions."
"We can offer resistance and defiance, with their harvest of strife and tumult. We can suffer continued demonstrations, with their wake of violence and disorder."
"Or, we can acknowledge this measure as the law of the land. We can accept the verdict of the nation."
Ultimately, Weltner's commitment to civil rights would cost him his political career, according to his New York Times obituary. He went on to become Chief Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court before dying of esophageal cancer at the age of 64 in 1992.
Here's the full section on his speech from The New York Times, which misspelled his name throughout the story.
But the high point of the drama came when 36-year-old Representative Weitner of Georgia rose and explained, in a subdued voice and somewhat stumbling delivery, why he was going to switch his vote.
In February, he said, he voted against the bill because he questioned its mean while approving its purpose.
"Now, after the most thorough and sifting examination in legislative history,'' he went on, "this measure returns for final consideration. It returns with the overwhelming approval of both houses of Congress."
"Manifestly, the issue is already decided, and approval is assured. By the time my name is called, votes sufficient for passage will have been recorded."
"What, then, is the proper course? It is to vote 'no,' with tradition, safety - and futility?"
"I believe a greater cause can be served. Change, swift and certain, is upon us, and we in the South face some difficult decisions."
"We can offer resistance and defiance, with their harvest of strife and tumult. We can suffer continued demonstrations, with their wake of violence and disorder."
"Or, we can acknowledge this measure as the law of the land. We can accept the verdict of the nation."
"Already, the responsible elements of my community are counseling this latter course. And, most assuredly, moderation, tranquility, and orderly processes combine as a cause greater than conformity."
"Mr. Speaker, I shall cast my lot with the leadership of my community [Atlanta]. I shall cast my vote with the great cause they serve. I will add my voice to those who seek reasoned and conciliatory adjustment to a new reality."