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<keyword id="20021374" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="sriharikota" source="keywords">Sriharikota</keyword> (Andhra Pradesh), India on Monday ushered in the New Year in a grand manner by orbiting its X-ray Polarimeter Satellite (<keyword id="18080438" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="xposat" source="Orion">XPoSat</keyword>). At about 9.10 a.m. on the first day of the calendar year 2024, India's Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle-C58 (PSLV-C58) standing 44.4-metre tall, with a lift off mass of 260 ton blasted off from the first launch pad at the <keyword id="6356967" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="satish-dhawan-space-centre" source="Orion">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword>, here. The rocket carried XPoSat and 10 other experimental payloads on its fourth stage. Slowly rising up towards the skies with a thick orange flame at its tail, the rocket gained speed with a sound resembling rolling thunder and went up and up leaving a thick plume while the people assembled at the viewing gallery clapped their hands with pride. Interestingly, this is the first space mission for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on January 1. At about 21 minutes into its flight, the rocket ejected XPoSat at an altitude of about 650 km. Speaking after the launch ISRO Chairman S. Somanath said: "The orbit accomplished for XPoSat is excellent as the deviation is just three kilometres. The solar panels of the satellite have been deployed." In its normal configuration, the PSLV is a four-stage/engine expendable rocket powered by solid and liquid fuels, alternatively, with six booster motors strapped onto the first stage to give higher thrust during the initial flight moments. The ISRO has five types of PSLV rockets -- Standard, Core Alone, XL, DL, and QL. The major difference between them is the use of strap-on boosters which, in turn, largely depends on the weight of the satellites to be orbited. The PSLV uses 6,4,2 solid rocket strap-on motors to augment the thrust provided by the first stage in PSLV-XL, QL &amp; DL variants, respectively. However, strap-ons are not used in the core-alone version (PSLV-CA). The XPoSat is the first dedicated scientific satellite from the ISRO to carry out research in space-based polarisation measurements of X-ray emission from celestial sources. The satellite configuration is modified from the IMS-2 bus platform. The configuration of the mainframe systems is derived based on the heritage of IRS satellites. It carries two payloads, namely POLIX (Polarimeter Instrument in X-rays) and XSPECT (X-ray Spectroscopy and Timing). The POLIX is realised by the Raman Research Institute and XSPECT is by the <keyword id="20021857" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="space-astronomy-group" source="keywords">Space Astronomy Group</keyword> of the U.R. Rao Satellite Centre (URSC). According to the ISRO, the three objectives of XPoSat are: (a) To measure polarisation of X-rays in the energy band 8-30keV emanating from about 50 potential cosmic sources through <keyword id="20021856" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="thomson-scattering" source="keywords">Thomson Scattering</keyword> by POLIX payload. (b) To carry out long-term spectral and temporal studies of cosmic X-ray sources in the energy band 0.8-15keV by XSPECT payload and (c) To carry out polarisation and spectroscopic measurements of X-ray emissions from cosmic sources by POLIX and XSPECT payloads, respectively, in the common energy band. After orbiting the XPoSat in 650km, the rocket's fourth stage -- PS4 stage -- will be lowered to 350km, about 9.6 deg orbit, by restarting it twice. The left-out propellant in the PS4 will be disposed of through the main engines as a precursor to enabling the safety of the PS4 stage in atmosphere reentry experiments planned in future. The oxidiser will be let out first followed by fuel in a predetermined sequence of operations. The existing scheme of spent stage passivation by venting the tank pressure will also be active. Post passivation of PS4, the control of the stage is transferred to the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module-3 (POEM-3) avionics, the ISRO said. The POEM is configured as a 3-axis stabilised orbital platform for conducting experiments to space qualify systems with novel ideas. The orbital platform's electrical power requirements are catered by a Flexible Solar Panel in conjunction with 50Ah Li-Ion battery in battery tied configuration. The orbital platform consists of avionic systems to take care of navigation, guidance, control and telecommands and Orbital Platform Attitude Control System to cater to control of the platform to test the payloads, the ISRO added. The 10 payloads are from TakeMe2Space, LBS Institute Technology for Women, K J Somaiya Institute of Technology, Inspecity Space Labs Private Ltd, Dhruva Space Private Ltd, Bellatrix Aerospace Private Ltd (two payloads) and three payloads from the ISRO.

Space success: India ushers in 2024 by orbiting XPoSat successfully

A mission to study the Sun, and launching a climate observation satellite, a test vehicle as part of Gaganyaan human space flight programme and an Indo-US synthetic aperture radar -- <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> has a packed schedule ahead. In addition, XPoSat (X-ray Polarimeter Satellite), the country's first dedicated polarimetry mission to study various dynamics of bright astronomical X-ray sources in extreme conditions, is also ready for launch, an ISRO official said on Tuesday. Aditya-L1, the first space-based Indian observatory to study the Sun, is getting ready for the launch, most likely in September first week. According to ISRO Chairman, Somanath S, the space agency has also lined up the launch of a climate observation satellite INSAT-3DS. The launch of a test vehicle mission, for the validation of the crew escape system for Gaganyaan, the country's maiden human space flight mission, is also expected soon. "(Then) we have to launch NISAR, the India-US built Synthetic Aperture Radar", Somanath said in his independence day address at ISRO headquarters here on August 15. "So, our hands are full." "We are going to build a large number of satellites for our security purpose as well in the coming days," Somanath had said. According to ISRO officials, NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) is a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) observatory being jointly developed by US space agency NASA and ISRO. NISAR will map the entire globe in 12 days and provide spatially and temporally consistent data for understanding changes in Earth's ecosystems, ice mass, vegetation biomass, sea level rise, ground water and natural hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes and landslides, they said. "It carries L and S dual band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), which operates with Sweep SAR technique to achieve large swath with high resolution data. The SAR payloads mounted on Integrated Radar Instrument Structure (IRIS) and the spacecraft bus are together called an observatory", an ISRO official noted. Before undertaking the Gaganyaan human space (manned) flight mission, ISRO has planned two unmanned missions. "We are getting ready for the (first of the two) unmanned crew module mission by the beginning of next year", an ISRO official said. The objective of the Gaganyaan mission is to demonstrate the capability of conducting human space flight mission to LEO on-board Indian Launch vehicle. The Orbital module consists of a Crew module and a Service module. Crew module, which is a pressurised module, acts as living quarters for the crew. The orbital module will be positioned in approximately 400 km circular orbit around earth for one to 3 days &amp; the crew module will return at the designated location at sea. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/personal-finance/news/how-to-find-unclaimed-bank-deposits-using-udgam-portal/articleshow/102830161.cms">Have unclaimed bank deposits? Here’s how to find it using UDGAM portal</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/indian-pc-market-declines-for-fourth-consecutive-quarter-reports-15-decline/articleshow/102822733.cms">Indian PC market declines for fourth consecutive quarter, reports 15% decline</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/gboard-checkout-upcoming-features-of-google-app/articleshow/102649444.cms">Gboard to onboard AI for stickers, proofreading and more</a>

A packed launch schedule for ISRO after Chandrayaan-3 mission

<ul><li>Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) chief, K Sivan, has confirmed for the first time that the agency is working on <keyword id="8011900" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan 3</keyword>, India's second attempt to land on the Moon. </li><li>Sivan stated that Chandrayaan 3 and <keyword id="6797456" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gaganyaan">Gaganyaan</keyword> will be ISRO's top priorities in 2020.</li><li>The budget for Chandrayaan 3 is ₹6.51 billion, less than that of Chandrayaan 2 — already lauded for being the cheapest Moon mission ever.</li></ul>India's second mission to the Moon, Chandrayaan 2, might have <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">fallen short of expectations</a> but the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is gearing to take another crack at it. Along with Chandrayaan 3, ISRO will also be busy preparing for its maiden human spaceflight program — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isros-first-manned-space-mission-might-have-women/articleshow/67486206.cms">Gangayaan.</a> "This is going to be the year of Chandrayaan 3 and Gaganyaan, I would say," said ISRO chairman, K. Sivan, during the New Year's Day <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jan-2020/press-meet-briefing-dr-k-sivan-chairman-isro">press briefing</a>. Sivan also disclosed that ISRO has successfully acquired the land needed to set up a second spaceport in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu. It will be the site for the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isros-new-company-just-made-its-first-sale-to-an-american-firm-to-come-aboard-a-rocket-that-doesnt-exist-yet/articleshow/70588829.cms">maiden launch of the Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV).</a> The first official confirmation of Chandrayaan 3 Chandrayaan 2's lander, Vikram, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">crashed into the Moon</a> on 7 September 2019. Even since then, rumours of Chandrayaan-3 have been making the rounds. However, this is the first time that the ISRO official has confirmed that it's in the works. "One major announcement I wanted to make here, officially, is that Chandrayaan-3 is government-approved. The project is now formed. The activities for Chandrayaan-3 are going very smoothly," Sivan said. Chandrayaan 3 will cost even less than Chandrayaan 2 Sivan explained that Chandrayaan 2's orbiter, successfully circling the Moon at an altitude of 100 kilometres, has the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-orbiter-has-seven-and-a-half-years-to-scan-the-surface-of-the-moon/articleshow/71027327.cms">life-span of up to seven years</a>. That is why Chandrayaan 3, will only be carrying a rover and a lander. This will also reduce the cost of the project to ₹6.15 billion rupees instead of the ₹10 billion it cost to launch Chandrayaan 2 — an amount that was already lauded for behind less than the budget of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-cheaper-than-avengers-endgame-what-the-foreign-press-says/articleshow/70208309.cms">Avengers Endgame</a>. The one thing that isn't going to change is the the ‘<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-most-powerful-launcher-will-carry-chandrayaan-2-on-moon-mission/articleshow/70202043.cms">Bahubali</a>' rocket. India's ‘fat boy' geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle (GSLV) will be used, yet again, to launch Chandrayaan 3 towards the Moon. No final launch date for Chandrayaan 3 or Gangayaan While Chandrayaan 3 will be one of ISRO's top priorities in 2020, it's unlikely that the actual launch will take place this year. According to Sivan, it could take up to another 14 to 16 months to complete the spacecraft. He predicts that the launch will only happen in 2021. Even Gangayaan is unlikely to get off the ground in 2020. Sivan did not disclose a launch date for the mission other than it will happen "very soon". Even though these two missions might not be taking off in 2020, ISRO has 5 confirmed launches of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) scheduled this year. This includes the GSAT-20 satellite, NavIC, Indian Data Relay Satellite System, XPOSAT and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-aditya-l1-mission-to-the-sun-objectives-and-goals/articleshow/73032067.cms">Aditya L1, a satellite to study the Sun</a>. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-has-its-hands-full-with-13-launches-and-the-launch-of-its-new-rocket-before-march/articleshow/72253562.cms">ISRO has its 'hands full' with 13 launches and the test of its new rocket before March</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-outlook-2020-indian-private-sector-eyes-30-billion-space-launch-pie/articleshow/72812429.cms">ISRO outlook 2020: Indian private sector eyes $30 billion space launch pie</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-aditya-l1-mission-to-the-sun-objectives-and-goals/articleshow/73032067.cms">8 pictures you must see to understand what ISRO's Aditya L1 is looking for</a>

India's second mission to land on the Moon, Chandrayaan 3, confirmed by ISRO chief

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://pictures.reuters.com/C.aspx?VP3=SearchResult&amp;VBID=2C0BXZVBC4KGE&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1698&amp;RH=863#/SearchResult&amp;VBID=2C0BXZVBC4KGE&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1698&amp;RH=863&amp;POPUPPN=2&amp;POPUPIID=2C0408WDQX7DO">REUTERS/Abhishek N. Chinnappa</a>Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) scientists and engineers cheer in Bangalore after India's Mars orbiter successfully entered the Martian orbit on September 24, 2014.</div></div></div><ul><li>India wants to put a rover on the moon in 2018.</li><li>The last time any country landed successfully on the moon was in 2013, when China sent its 'Yutu' rover for a monthlong walk there. </li><li>The US is still the only country that has put people on the moon. The last "man on the moon," NASA astronaut Gene Cernan, touched down there in 1972. </li></ul> The last time any country put boots or, rather, little metal feet, on the moon was in 2013, when China landed its Yutu rover there.Before that, you'd have to look back to the 1970s to find anything built by Earthlings that camped out on the surface of the Moon. But in 2018, India says it'll be ready to join the ranks of the moon lander. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is getting ready to land its very first lunar rover by the end of March 2018, as part of its Chandrayaan-2 mission. 'Chaand' is the word for <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/yoursay/weird_words/other_languages/chandrayaan_hindi.shtml">moon in Hindi,</a> so Chandrayaan literally means 'moon vehicle' or 'moon journey.' <div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://pictures.reuters.com/C.aspx?VP3=SearchResult&amp;VBID=2C0BXZVBOXG34&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1661&amp;RH=810#/SearchResult&amp;VBID=2C0BXZVBOXG34&amp;SMLS=1&amp;RW=1661&amp;RH=810&amp;POPUPPN=4&amp;POPUPIID=2C0BF1IKX5RD">REUTERS/Indian Space Research Organisation/Handout</a>This handout picture provided by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) shows the surface of the moon taken by Moon Impact Probe (MIP), after separating from India's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, November 14, 2008.</div></div></div>This isn't actually the ISRO's first journey towards the moon, but it is the Indian government's most ambitious moon exploration project to date. India's <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/chandrayaan/facts">Chandrayaan-1</a> blasted off from Sriharikota island off the East coast of India in 2008, at an estimated cost of $83 million. The ISRO's 5-foot by 5-foot cube made it into lunar orbit, and detected some "magmatic water" on a moon crater. Then, on November 14, 2008, the probe crashed into the moon and got lost in lunar orbit before <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6769">NASA found</a> the "derelict spacecraft" again in 2016. This will be the ISRO's first attempt to get a more delicate and precise up-close look at the lunar surface. The Indian space team is preparing three unmanned vehicles for the trip: an orbiter craft that will hover above the moon's surface, plus a rover, and a lander that will safely plop that rover on the moon.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/copuos/2017/copuos2017tech30E.pdf">ISRO</a></div></div></div> The orbiter craft is designed to make a "detailed three-dimensional map of the lunar surface," the agency says, while the lander will take a closer look at the lunar crust and mantle. <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/chandrayaan02/indepth">NASA says</a> that the craft will be exploring down to "a depth of a few tens of meters." The more nimble rover will hop a ride aboard the lander, but once the pair has softly landed together on the lunar surface, the small vehicle will wheel off and roll about on its own, checking out lunar rocks and soil. It's all being completed on a "shoestring" budget of $93 million USD, <a href="http://www.nature.com/news/india-gears-up-for-second-moon-mission-1.22870">Nature</a> reports.The Chandrayaan 2 mission is just one of the projects the ISRO is hoping to launch in the next several years. They're also working on a project called 'Aditya' that will study the sun, and a 5-year satellite, called 'XPoSat' that they want to use to learn more about cosmic radiation. If all goes well, this mission on the moon will be completed in 14 Earth days, that's just enough time for the moon to make one full orbit around our planet. A more detailed understanding of the moon will be key if <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-elon-musk-mars-colony-plan-life-support-2017-10">more people are going to be heading into space</a> in the coming years. Many are banking on the spot as a kind of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bigelow-aerospace-robert-bigelow-lunar-moon-depot-2017-10">celestial pit stop</a> on the way to Mars. The US has promised to get people on the Red Planet by 2033. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-video-apollo-16-lunar-rover-drive-on-moon-2017-11">Newly-released NASA footage shows what it's like to drive on the Moon first-hand</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

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Space success: India ushers in 2024 by orbiting XPoSat successfully

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A packed launch schedule for ISRO after Chandrayaan-3 mission

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India's second mission to land on the Moon, Chandrayaan 3, confirmed by ISRO chief

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India is preparing to land on the moon for the first time in the country's history

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