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<ul class="summary-list"><li>A <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> vaccine could be ready to roll out as early as this year, according to the EU's health commissioner Stella Kyriakides.</li><li>She said: 'Although making predictions is risky at this point, we have good indications that the first vaccine will be available toward the end of this year or beginning of next year."</li><li>Scientists have not yet established whether it will even be possible to create an effective vaccine against the coronavirus.</li><li>The World Health Organisation warned last week that there may never be a 'silver bullet' in the form of a vaccine.</li></ul>A coronavirus vaccine could be ready to roll out this year or early next year, according to the EU's health commissioner.Stella Kyriakides told <a href="https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/international/kampf-gegen-covid-19-eu-kommissarin-fuer-gesundheit-erwartet-corona-impfstoff-zum-jahreswechsel/26075174.html?ticket=ST-2606201-MBBobYxcik2fZgrTMxeh-ap4">German newspaper Handelsbatt</a>: "Although making predictions is risky at this point, we have good indications that the first vaccine will be available toward the end of this year or beginning of next year."The interview, <a href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/09/european-health-commissioner-coronavirus-vaccine-could-be-ready-as-soon-as-this-year-392889">which was reported in English by Politico</a> and published on Sunday, comes as dozens of research teams around the world race to try and develop a vaccine. But scientists have not yet established whether it will even be possible to create an effective vaccine against the coronavirus.The World Health Organisation warned last week that there may never be a "silver bullet" in the form of a vaccine. "We learn every day about this virus and I'm pleased that the world has made progress in identifying treatments that can help people with the most serious forms of COVID-19 recover," said WHO director-general Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus <a href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-who/who-says-there-may-never-be-a-silver-bullet-for-covid-19-idUKKBN24Z1BG">at a virtual briefing last Monday</a>."A number of vaccines are now in phase three clinical trials and we all hope to have a number of effective vaccines that can help prevent people from infection.""However, there's no silver bullet at the moment and there might never be."Instead, he said, the pandemic would need to be managed through "the basics of public health and disease control."Dr. Anthony Fauci, the infectious disease expert who has helped lead the White House's response to the pandemic, last week said the chances of developing a vaccine that provides protection for 98% or more people were small."You've got to think of the vaccine as a tool to be able to get the pandemic to no longer be a pandemic, but to be something that's well controlled," he said during a Q&amp;A with the Brown University School of Public Health, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/08/07/coronavirus-vaccine-dr-fauci-says-chances-of-it-being-highly-effective-is-not-great.html">in comments reported by CNBC</a>.The US Food &amp; Drug Administration has said it would authorize any safe vaccine which proved to be at least 50% effective.

A coronavirus vaccine could be ready before the end of 2020, according to the EU's top health official

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Some scientists fear that an effective <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> vaccine may prove impossible to produce.</li><li>The UK's Chief Medical Officer warned on Friday that there is "concerning" evidence suggesting that people can be reinfected with the virus.</li><li>He said evidence from other forms of coronavirus also suggests that immunity quickly wanes.</li><li>No vaccine has ever been approved for use against previous forms of coronavirus.</li><li>David Nabarro, professor of global health at Imperial College, said the world may have to learn to live with the "constant threat" of COVID-19.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>Scientists fear that it may prove impossible to produce a working coronavirus vaccine and believe the world may have to simply learn to adapt to the permanent threat of COVID-19.The UK's Chief Medical Officer, Christopher Whitty, told a Parliamentary committee on Friday that there was "concerning" evidence suggesting that it may not be possible to stimulate immunity to the virus."The first question we do not know is 'do you get natural immunity to this disease if you have had it, for a prolonged period of time?'" Whitty said."Now if we don't then it doesn't make a vaccine impossible but it makes it much less likely and we simply don't know yet.He said there was "a little bit of evidence that some people have been reinfected with this having had a previous infection."He added: "That's a slightly concerning situation."<h2>No coronavirus vaccine has ever been produced </h2><div type="image" title="coronavius vaccine roche 2021" height="512" width="1024" msid="75379070" hostid="261"></div>Doubts about the possibility of a viable vaccine are based largely on the fact that no vaccine has ever been approved for use in the US or UK against other forms of coronavirus.Whitty told the committee the evidence from other forms of coronavirus was that "immunity [to the virus] wanes relatively quickly."He said that the world needs "to be careful that we don't assume that we are going to have a vaccine for this disease as we have had for, let's say measles, which once you have it you're protected for life.""We cannot guarantee success," he added."Vaccines are looked for, for every infectious disease, they are not found for all of them."The World Health Organisation on Saturday also threw doubt on the possibility that immunity to the virus could be induced.In a statement about plans by some governments to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uk-plans-coronavirus-immunity-passports-so-brits-can-leave-lockdown-2020-4?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">introduce so-called "immunity passports," for those previously infected with the virus</a> the organisation said in a statement that: "there is currently no evidence that people who have recovered from COVID-19 and have antibodies are protected from a second infection."Other scientists have also raised the possibility that a working virus may never emerge to deal with COVID-19.<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/apr/18/how-did-britain-get-its-response-to-coronavirus-so-wrong">In an interview with The Observer</a> David Nabarro, professor of global health at Imperial College, London said the world had to realise that a vaccine may not be possible."You don't necessarily develop a vaccine that is safe and effective against every virus," he told the paper."Some viruses are very, very difficult when it comes to vaccine development - so for the foreseeable future, we are going to have to find ways to go about our lives with this virus as a constant threat."Even if a fully effective vaccine proves impossible, Whitty believes that a partially effective vaccine would still be worth pursuing."You can have vaccines that are not capable of providing [high levels of] immunity, but they provide enough protection that people don't get severe disease. "So we might get a vaccine that is rather less effective but is sufficiently effective, that if we vaccinated everyone at a high level of dying from this... we might well be able to massively reduce fatalities even if there was still natural infections."Read the original article on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-vaccine-may-be-impossible-to-produce-scientists-covid-2020-4">Business Insider</a>

Scientists fear the hunt for a coronavirus vaccine will fail and we will all have to live with the 'constant threat' of COVID-19

<ul><li>Russia has become the first nation to complete clinical trials of Covid-19 vaccine on humans. </li><li>According to the reports, the vaccine has proven the medication’s effectiveness.</li><li>There was, however, no further information on when this vaccine would enter the commercial production stage.</li><li>There are at least 21 vaccines currently under key trials, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). </li></ul>After over six months of coronavirus outbreak, Russia has become the first nation to complete clinical trials of Covid-19 vaccine on humans. According to the reports, the vaccine has proven medication’s effectiveness. The coronavirus has infected more than 13 million people and killed over 571 thousand all over the world. Chief researcher Elena Smolyarchuk, who heads the Center for Clinical Research on Medications at Sechenov University, told Russian news agency <a href="https://tass.com/society/1177429">TASS </a>on Sunday that the human trials for the vaccine have been completed at the university and they will be discharged soon. “The research has been completed, and it proved that the vaccine is safe. The volunteers will be discharged on July 15 and July 20,” Smolyarchuk <a href="https://tass.com/society/1177429">was quoted as saying in the report</a>. There was, however, no further information on when this vaccine would enter the commercial production stage. “The safety of the vaccine has been confirmed. It corresponds to the safety of those vaccines that are currently on the market”, Alexander Lukashev, the director of the Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical, and Vector-Borne Diseases at Sechenov University, <a href="https://sputniknews.com/russia/202007121079860277-russias-sechenov-university-successfully-completes-trials-of-worlds-1st-covid-19-vaccine/">told Sputnik</a>. Russia had allowed clinical trials of two forms of a potential Covid-19 vaccine developed by the Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology. Earlier, results of the COVID-19 vaccine tests performed on a group of volunteers in Russia showed that they were developing immunity to the coronavirus. “The data obtained by the Gamalei National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology proves that volunteers of the first and second groups are forming an immune response after injections of the vaccine against the coronavirus,” according to an earlier statement from the Russian Defense Ministry. Top players running for COVID vaccine There are at least 21 vaccines currently under key trials, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). Among which the Gilead Sciences, Oxford University’s researchers and American biotech company Moderna are top players in the race of Covid-19 vaccine. The US-based Gilead Sciences antiviral Remdesivir earlier showed that it reduces the risk of death in severely ill COVID-19 patients, but warned that rigorous clinical trials will be needed to confirm the benefit. The University of Oxford also announced last week that the advance human trial of the vaccine will involve up to 10,260 volunteers across the UK. But, according to analyst reports due to a decline in infection rate, the team at Oxford University developing a Covid-19 vaccine believe that the chances of the trial yielding “<a href="https://www.livemint.com/news/india/50-chance-oxford-covid-19-vaccine-trial-will-yield-no-result-11590400225462.html">no result</a>” is now 50%. And other Covid-19 vaccine’s by BioNTech SE and Pfizer Inc’s are expected to be ready by the end of 2020, the <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/german-biotech-sees-its-coronavirus-vaccine-ready-for-approval-by-december-11594373400">Wall Street Journal reported</a>, citing the German biotech firm’s chief executive officer. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/checkout-the-the-list-of-top-10-safest-cars-in-india/slidelist/76932193.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink"> Tata and Mahindra dominate the list of safest cars in India—Here’s a look at the top 10</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/ciplas-cipremi-covid-19-drug-remdesivir-will-hit-market-this-week/articleshow/76852463.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink"></a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/what-is-allowed-and-what-is-not-allowed-during-10-days-pune-lockdown-start-from-13-july/articleshow/76933275.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Pune’s 10-day lockdown starts today — check what’s allowed and what’s prohibited</a> Cipla says COVID-19 drug Remdesivir will hit market this week

Russia claims world’s first COVID-19 vaccine after successful clinical trials

BCCL <ul><li>Sanofi plans to get thousands of subjects onboard across the world for the trials of experimental coronavirus vaccines that it is developing with GSK. </li><li>Once enrolled, the company will start early-stage trials in September. </li><li>The pharma giant has already partnered with GlaxoSmithKline Plc (GSK) and is researching also exploring other options simultaneously. </li><li>It hopes to introduce the vaccine next year, reported Reuters.</li></ul> Sanofi, a French multinational pharmaceutical company, says it is working on two different projects to develop a vaccine for COVID-19. The pharma giant has partnered with GlaxoSmithKline Plc (GSK) and is researching other options as well. It hopes to introduce the vaccine by next year, <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-sanofi-exclusive/exclusive-sanofi-to-enroll-thousands-for-its-coronavirus-vaccine-trials-idINKBN22I084">reported Reuters. </a> The plan is to get thousands of subjects on board across the world to test the experimental coronavirus vaccines that it is currently developing with GSK. Once enough people are enrolled, the company plans to start early-stage trials in September. The project is backed by the US Health Department’s Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA). “We envisioned Phase I to actually have several hundreds of subjects, so it is really a phase I/II trial,” said John Shiver, head of vaccine research at Sanofi. Phase I of clinical trials normally constitute a small number of healthy volunteers and then the experimental vaccine is given to a large number of people for trial. However, Sanofi might decide to skip Phase 1 altogether given the urgent requirement. The company has <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/17/if-sanofis-coronavirus-vaccine-works-ceo-says-it-can-produce-up-to-600-million-doses-next-year.html">promised to manufacture</a> 600 million doses of the <keyword id="8624004" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus-vaccine">coronavirus vaccine</keyword> by next year. Moreover, it’s also negotiating with some countries to bring in advance purchase orders for these doses, said the report. Sanofi will use an S-protein COVID-19 antigen to target coronavirus’ spike protein — that helps coronavirus enter the human body. Where GSK will provide an adjuvant, which will reduce the amount of vaccine needed per dose. Apart from GSK, the French pharma giant is also working with the US-based Translate Bio Inc to develop another vaccine. Ever since China’s scientist released the genome of the novel coronavirus, researchers around the world have been racing to develop a vaccine that has killed 257,301 and infected 3.6 million people around the world so far. As of now, 10 out of 100 vaccine candidates have reached the clinical testing stage. There are at least 70 research efforts underway to develop a coronavirus vaccine, <a href="https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/novel-coronavirus-landscape-ncov.pdf">according to the World Health Organisation. </a> The front runner is the University of Oxford, which claimed that the clinical trial of the vaccine its developing is likely to finish by September. The world’s largest drugmaker, Serum Institute of India, has already started manufacturing the Oxford vaccine without prior approval. However, SII said it will not create a barrier in global supply by retaining the<a href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/world/2020-04-30/finding-vaccine-only-first-step"> intellectual property rights of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate. </a> See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/2-of-the-worlds-biggest-drugmakers-just-teamed-up-on-a-coronavirus-vaccine-and-theyre-aiming-to-launch-it-next-year/articleshow/75142796.cms">2 of the world's biggest drugmakers just teamed up on a coronavirus vaccine, and they're aiming to launch it next year</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/a-leading-coronavirus-vaccine-candidate-just-started-human-trials-in-the-us-pfizers-chief-scientist-told-us-how-it-could-be-ready-for-emergency-use-this-fall-/articleshow/75554678.cms">A leading coronavirus vaccine candidate just started human trials in the US. Pfizer's chief scientist told us how it could be ready for emergency use this fall.</a>

Sanofi, one of the largest drug makers, will test experimental coronavirus vaccine on humans starting September

The <keyword id="43588" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="World-Health-Organization">World Health Organization</keyword> (WHO) special envoy David Nabarro has warned that there is no guarantee that a <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> (COVID-19) <keyword id="24209" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="vaccine">vaccine</keyword> can be successfully developed in coming months. Nabarro who is one of the world's leading experts said that people have to live with the threat of coronavirus "for the foreseeable future" and adapt accordingly because there is no guarantee that a vaccine can be successfully developed. In an interview with The Observer, the WHO special envoy said the public should not assume that a vaccine would definitely be developed soon and would have to adapt to the ongoing threat. "You don't necessarily develop a vaccine that is safe and effective against every virus. Some viruses are very, very difficult when it comes to vaccine development - so for the foreseeable future, we are going to have to find ways to go about our lives with this virus as a constant threat," he was quoted as saying. "That means isolating those who show signs of the disease and also their contacts. Older people will have to be protected. In addition, hospital capacity for dealing with cases will have to be ensured. That is going to be the new normal for us all," Nabarro added. Nearly 44 COVID-19 vaccines are currently under various stages of development and scientists say that it will take 12-18 months before the world sees a successful one. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), 42 vaccines are in pre-clinical stage while only two have entered Phase 1. The two vaccines which are in Phase 1 are from CanSino Biological Inc. and Beijing Institute of Biotechnology; and Moderna/the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease (NIAID) in the US. Pharmaceutical giants Sanofi and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) have also joined hands to speed up and develop an adjuvanted vaccine for COVID-19 disease. The candidate vaccine is expected to enter clinical trials in the second half of 2020 and, if successful, would be available in the second half of 2021, the two companies said in a statement. As of Sunday morning, the global number of coronavirus cases stood at 2,329,651, with 160,721 deaths.

No guarantee coronavirus vaccine will be developed: WHO envoy

By Aditi Khanna London, May 4 () British Prime Minister Boris Johnson opened a virtual global conference on COVID-19 on Monday by calling on all countries to step up their efforts and work together on fighting the coronavirus pandemic, the "most urgent shared endeavour of our lifetimes".The Coronavirus Global Response International Pledging Conference was co-hosted by the UK and eight other countries and organisations including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Saudi Arabia, and the European Commission.At the conference, Johnson confirmed the UK's pledge of 388 million pounds aid funding for research into vaccines, tests and treatments – part of a larger 744 million pounds existing UK aid commitment to help end the pandemic and support the global economy. This includes 250 million pounds for the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations to develop vaccines against coronavirus – the biggest such donation to the fund by any country."To win this battle, we must work together to build an impregnable shield around all our people, and that can only be achieved by developing and mass producing a vaccine," said Johnson."The more we pull together and share our expertise, the faster our scientists will succeed. The race to discover the vaccine to defeat this virus is not a competition between countries, but the most urgent shared endeavour of our lifetimes. It's humanity against the virus – we are in this together, and together we will prevail," he said.The conference was updated on the progress at pace on vaccine development, with the University of Oxford and pharmaceutical major AstraZeneca announcing a partnership to support large-scale manufacture and potential distribution of a vaccine currently being trialled by the university.The UK highlighted that tackling coronavirus globally is crucial to preventing a second wave of the virus re-emerging in Britain, which would put even further pressure on the state-funded National Health Service (NHS). It will also ensure that life-saving vaccines, treatments and diagnostic tests are available as soon as possible.UK International Development Secretary Anne-Marie Trevelyan, said: "It is only by working together that we will prevent future waves of infection and end this pandemic as quickly as possible."By strengthening developing countries' health systems and working to find a vaccine, the UK is playing its part in stopping the global spread of coronavirus to save lives everywhere and protect our NHS."The conference this week will be followed up by the UK hosting the Global Vaccine Summit on June 4, bringing together countries and organisations to follow the UK's lead in investing in the work of Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.Last week Trevelyan announced a funding pledge equivalent to 330 million pounds a year over the next five years to Gavi. This will help immunise 75 million children in the world's poorest countries. AK ZHZH

It's humanity against the virus, British PM tells COVID-19 global summit

<ul><li>For the first time, China reported over 100 deaths due to the novel <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> outbreak. </li><li>As per World Health Organisation chief’s warnings, the numbers may not tell us the whole story and there’s a possibility of more cases around the world. </li><li><keyword id="6366244" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="who">WHO</keyword> called for 400 world’s leading experts for a <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/06-02-2020-who-to-accelerate-research-and-innovation-for-new-coronavirus">two-day global </a>conference at its Geneva headquarters to discover effective treatments and vaccines. </li></ul>Coronavirus is spreading fast and wide. The death toll in mainland China rose to 1,016 growing by 108 on a single day on<a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3049931/coronavirus-hubei-province-reports-2097-new-cases-and-103-new"> February 11 </a>. So far, China’s National Health Commission has reported 42,638 confirmed cases — out of which 2,478 were reported on Tuesday alone. But it is not just China’s problem. As per World Health Organisation chief’s warnings, the numbers may not tell us the whole story and there’s a possibility of more cases around the world. ‘The detection of a small number of cases may indicate more widespread transmission in other countries; in short we may only be seeing the tip of the iceberg, said Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, World Health Organization (WHO). WHO called for 400 world’s leading experts for a <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/06-02-2020-who-to-accelerate-research-and-innovation-for-new-coronavirus">two-day global </a>conference at its Geneva headquarters to discover effective treatments and vaccines. Ghebreyesus also asked all countries to share whatsoever information they have about nCOV in “real-time with WHO”. Moreover, it has not yet reached its goal to collect $675 million to help fight the outbreak. The warning comes after a British citizen passed on the virus to at least 11 other people without even visiting China. The man, who was not named, was infected at a conference in Singapore. He then travelled to France to spend some days at the ski resort of Contamines Montjoie in the Alps and later he flew to England. Authorities are now trying to track down people he could have possibly infected. 
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WHO calls the coronavirus carnage in China the 'tip of the iceberg'

<ul><li>Data shows that more than half the people confirmed to have the coronavirus have recovered.</li><li>However, there are still 53,432 active cases with 11% of patients in serious or critical conditions.</li><li>72,937 cases of coronavirus have been closed with a recovery rate of 94%.</li></ul>The coronavirus outbreak has left a lot of people worried and scared as doctors are scrambling to figure out how it spreads. It may come as a relief that 54% of the people who tested positive for Covid-19 have recovered. Of the 72,937 closed cases, 94% have been discharged. Right now, doctors are using general treatment to control the symptoms of coronavirus. There is no specific vaccine or cure. 
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 Data collocated by the independent analysis organisation <a href="https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/">WorldOMeter</a>, says that the fatality rate of the Covid-19 is at around 3.6%. Of the patients are currently confirmed to have coronavirus, 89% are in mild condition with only 11% in serious or critical states. According to doctors, coronavirus is 10 times more lethal than the common cold. Since it was initially spotted, Covid-19 has mutated into two strains. This makes it more aggressive. It also makes it more challenging for doctors to develop a vaccine. 
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 Human trials for the vaccine against coronavirus are due to start in April. Laboratories all over the world are competing to be the first to crack the code. Many are already testing their prototypes on animals. One of the contenders is Gilead Sciences. It is currently studying remdesivir as a way to treat the virus. It blocks the virus for copying its genetic material — called RNA — which contains the instructions for a virus to replicate itself. Initially spotted in the city of Wuhan in China, the disease has now infected 126,367 people across 124 countries and territories. The extent to which the infection has spread led the World Health Organisation (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/world-health-organization-declares-the-coronavirus-a-pandemic/articleshow/74582336.cms">WHO</a>) to declare the coronavirus outbreak a global pandemic late last night, March 11. Coronavirus in India In India, there are 62 confirmed cases of the virus. With most still being processed, 4 individuals have reportedly recovered. However, the number of people suspected of the coronavirus is much higher with most cases concentrated in the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. 
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 After the WHO’s announcement, the Indian Health Ministry issued a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coronavirus-travel-ban-india-on-lockdown-till-april-15/articleshow/74586131.cms">new travel advisory</a> which suspends visas till April 15. It has also advised that all Indian nationals looking to go abroad or come back to India should avoid travelling if possible. It could result in passengers being quarantined for at least 14 days. International traffic across land borders — to Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan — has also been restricted till April 15. Only designated checkpoints, which are equipped with screening facilities, will be active. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coronavirus-travel-ban-india-on-lockdown-till-april-15/articleshow/74586131.cms">Coronavirus travel ban: India on lockdown till April 15</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/travel/news/track-how-the-coronavirus-outbreak-is-affecting-your-travel-plans-and-flights/articleshow/74569280.cms">Track how the coronavirus outbreak is affecting your travel plans and flights</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coronavirus-how-airports-in-india-are-screening-for-any-signs-of-the-outbreak/articleshow/74569065.cms/india/news/coronavirus-how-airports-in-india-are-screening-for-any-signs-of-the-outbreak/articleshow/74569065.cms">Coronavirus in India: Airports are spraying sanitizer, calling in doctors, and screening international passengers to keep the outbreak under control</a>

Coronavirus recovery rate at 54% as doctors race to find a cure

New Delhi, Apr 8 () Indian Immunologicals, a subsidiary of National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), has inked agreement with Australia's Griffith University to develop a vaccine for coronavirus.Hyderabad-based Indian Immunologicals Ltd (IIL) is already working with Griffith University for conducting research and development of Zika virus vaccine, which is currently at pre-clinical toxicology testing stage, the NDDB said in a statement.Announcing the collaboration, Dilip Rath, Chairman of NDDB and IIL, said: "In this significant cross-continental collaboration, scientists from IIL and Griffith University will jointly develop a 'Live Attenuated SARS – CoV-2 vaccine' or Covid-19 vaccine using the latest codon de-optimisation technology".This technology looks promising for developing a vaccine for prophylactic, active, single dose immunization against coronavirus in humans, with an enhanced safety profile, Rath said."The vaccine is expected to provide long-lasting protection," he said.Upon completion of the research, the vaccine strain will be transferred to IIL and the vaccine maker will work accordingly with the country's regulator – Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) - to further conduct clinical trials in a phased manner.Professor Suresh Mahalingam, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Australia said, "We are very excited to be able to work closely with IIL for development of this important vaccine"."As this vaccine will be a live attenuated vaccine, it is expected to be highly effective by providing very strong cellular and antibody immune responses against the virus," he said.The other benefit of a live-attenuated vaccine is a proven track record for economical large-scale manufacturing and well-known regulatory approval pathway, Mahalingam said.Rath said the IIL is a prominent player in veterinary biologicals and committed to addressing critical public health needs.IIL is one of the largest producers of Foot and Mouth disease vaccine in the world and was the first company in India to launch the purified Vero cell rabies vaccine for humans (PVRV), the statement said. The death toll due to the novel coronavirus rose to 149 and the number of cases climbed to 5, 274 in the country on Wednesday, registering an increase of 485 cases in the last 24 hours, according to the Union Health Ministry. MJH BALBAL

Indian Immunologicals ties up with Australian university to develop vaccine for Coronavirus

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="6366244" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="who">WHO</keyword> recommends countries continue using the <keyword id="6409874" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="astrazeneca">AstraZeneca</keyword> vaccine.</li><li>18 countries stopped using AstraZeneca's vaccine as investigators look into reports of blood clots.</li><li>Blood clots are the third most common cardiovascular disease globally, the WHO said.</li></ul>The World Health Organization recommends countries continue using the AstraZeneca vaccine. Eighteen countries, including Germany and Italy, paused the use of AstraZeneca's vaccine as investigators look into reports of blood clots in recipients. In a statement released Wednesday morning, WHO said <keyword id="8904563" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19-vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</keyword> will not "reduce illness or death from other causes." The organization stated venous thromboembolism, or blood clots in the veins, is the third most common cardiovascular disease globally."WHO considers that the benefits of the AstraZeneca vaccine outweigh its risks and recommends that vaccinations continue," the organization said in a <a href="https://www.who.int/news/item/17-03-2021-who-statement-on-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-safety-signals#.YFIC5I_HxEA.twitter">release</a>. The European Medicines Agency said it would investigate the reports of blood clots and announce the findings on March 18. WHO and the EMA have been in "regular contact," the release said.WHO said countries routinely investigate potential adverse events during large vaccination campaigns. Investigations, though they don't always reveal vaccines are linked to the adverse health events, are "good practice," the agency said.Public health experts criticized countries' decision to pause AstraZeneca vaccinations before establishing a clear link with reports of blood clots. Epidemiologists called the decision "baffling," and warned it could fuel vaccine hesitancy."Halting a vaccine roll out during a pandemic has consequences. This results in delays in protecting people, and the potential for increased vaccine hesitancy," Dr. Michael Head, a senior research fellow in global health at the University of Southampton, said during a talk at the <a href="https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-news-that-germany-has-halted-vaccinations-with-the-oxford-astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine/">Science Media Centre</a>.

WHO recommends countries continue using the AstraZeneca vaccine because benefits outweigh the risks

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director of the World Health Organization, said he's open to receiving a <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword> vaccinated on camera to build public trust.</li><li>The <keyword id="6366244" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="who">WHO</keyword> director said former US Presidents George Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama offering to get vaccinated publicly is "a good idea."</li><li>Global survey data indicates people are skeptic of COVID-19 <keyword id="79555" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Vaccines">vaccines</keyword>, which are crucial to stopping the disease's transmission.</li><li>Anthony Fauci said at least <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/when-can-i-get-a-coronavirus-vaccine-timeline-2020-11">75% of the US population</a> would need to get the vaccine by fall 2021 in order to get "close to some degree of normality."</li></ul>The director of the World Health Organization is willing to get vaccinated on camera to build public confidence. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, an Ethiopian public health researcher and the head of WHO since 2017, said during a Friday briefing he is "happy to" publicly show himself receiving the <keyword id="8904563" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19-vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</keyword> once it's available to him. "It's a good idea, and I support their offer," Tedros said when asked about former US Presidents George Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama committing to getting vaccinated publicly. "I would be happy to do the same thing, but at the same time, I need to also make sure that it's my turn because I don't want to take anybody's vaccine."The three former presidents agreed to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/covid-vaccine-safety-barack-obama-clinton-bush-film-coronavirus-shots-2020-12">get vaccinated on camera</a> to build American confidence in the drug. President-elect Joe Biden said he will take the vaccine once infectious disease expert <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-covid-vaccine-safety-losing-faith-fauci-2020-12">Anthony Fauci determines it's safe</a>.Survey data indicates Americans are skeptic of COVID-19 vaccines. A third of American respondents to WHO poll indicated they would <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/poll-third-of-americans-wont-take-a-coronavirus-vaccine-2020-9?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">not get vaccinated</a>. Black Americans, who have faced <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/black-hispanic-people-coronavirus-deaths-under-65-cdc-report-2020-7">higher rates of COVID-19 death</a> than white citizens, are <a href="https://www.statnews.com/pharmalot/2020/10/19/covid19-coronavirus-pandemic-vaccine-racial-disparities/">particularly hesitant to get vaccinated</a>, possibly due to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tuskegee-effect-coronavirus-explain-african-american-suffer-coronavirus-disproportionately-2020-4">historic inequity</a> in the <keyword id="6354525" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="healthcare">healthcare</keyword> system. The skepticism extends globally. The president of Red Cross, the world's largest humanitarian organization, called on governments to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/red-cross-covid-19-vaccine-misinformation-is-a-parallel-pandemic-2020-12">combat misinformation about vaccines</a> due to declining trust.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astrazeneca-oxford-coronavirus-vaccine-news-problems-questions-data-2020-11?r=aa-sub">How AstraZeneca and Oxford blew their big vaccine moment: A messy week that overshadowed what should have been a scientific victory</a>Getting enough Americans vaccinated is crucial to achieving herd immunity in the country. Fauci said at least <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/when-can-i-get-a-coronavirus-vaccine-timeline-2020-11">75% of the population</a> would need to get the vaccine by fall 2021 in order to get "close to some degree of normality."The UK became the first country to allow citizens to take the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pfizer-and-biontech-covid-19-vaccines-approved-by-uk-regulator-2020-11">on Wednesday</a>. The US Food and Drug Administration is currently determining whether to grant emergency use authorization to Pfizer's vaccine, as well as one from biotech firm Moderna. Late-stage trial analysis indicates the Pfizer vaccine prevented against COVID-19 95% of the time, while Moderna's prevented it 94.1% of the time.Obama said he'll also follow Fauci's lead in determining when to the vaccine is safe to take. "I may end up taking it on TV or having it filmed, just so that people know that I trust this science," the former president told SiriusXM host Joe Madison, "and what I don't trust is getting COVID."

WHO director joins former Presidents Bush, Clinton, and Obama in agreeing to get COVID-19 vaccine on camera

<ul><li>Experts tell Business Insider that the <keyword id="8624004" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus-vaccine">Coronavirus vaccine</keyword> will take at least a year to develop.</li><li>The lack of a vaccine is not a reason to worry with treatment options available to patients who test positive for Covid-19.</li><li>However, anyone who believes they have symptoms needs to consult a doctor before treating themselves based on information from WhatsApp.</li></ul>Many are hoping — and waiting — for a vaccine for Covid-19. However, experts believe that it will take at least a year before there’s anything on the market. “There are 20 candidate vaccines based on trials which have already started in the US. But then you’re going to have to go through Phase II, Phase III and Phase IV. So, realistically you’re not going to have a vaccine before the end of the year,” Anupam Sibal from Apollo Hospitals told Business Insider. <div type="twitter" handle="BiIndia" handlename="Business Insider India🇮🇳" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1232926719016718336/sfffJHNV_normal.jpg" favoritecount="10" retweetcount="4" status="@BiIndia's @iyer_sriram in conversation with @docmranney, Dr Gautam Bhansali Consultant Physician, Bombay Hospital… https://t.co/ryCGN2vddi" createdat="1585811844000" id="1245611274106363905"></div> According to the World Health Organisation (<a href="https://twitter.com/Reuters/status/1227274792425967616?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1227274792425967616&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencealert.com%2Fwho-says-a-coronavirus-vaccine-is-18-months-away">WHO</a>) it takes as long as 18 months. However, that’s not a reason to worry. There are already a lot of options on the table for treatment. From the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/news/trump-touts-unproven-coronavirus-treatment-hours-after-reports-that-it-killed-a-man-in-arizona-who-was-self-medicating/articleshow/74784019.cms">hyped chloroquine malaria pill</a> to basic antibiotics to ward off the infection. As Sibal puts it, “There’s a lot going on.” The need of the hour is for people to stop believing in possible cures that are circulating on WhatsApp and consult an actual doctor if they believe that they are experiencing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/how-to-check-coronavirus-symptoms-at-home/articleshow/74960334.cms">any symptoms</a>. Sibal points out that not every treatment works on every patient. <div type="image" title="cure6" msid="74966986" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Medical staff during their duty at the isolation ward at Aluva General Hospital &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> There are many variables that need to be taken into account, including the patient’s medical history, in order to give the right course of treatment. “The vaccine will take some time but it will definitely be there. Treatment is there depending on the patient’s condition. I request people to not trust WhatsApp university and messages on social media,” said Gautam Bhansali, a consultant physician at Bombay Hospital. Who’s working on a Coronavirus vaccine? As of now, we do not have a vaccine for any of the viruses for the Coronaviridae family. During the SARS pandemic in 2008, many vaccines were tested on animal models but none were deemed safe for humans. Nonetheless, efforts at the University of Queensland are based on evidence from the past outbreak. <div type="image" title="cure9" msid="74967004" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;People outside tThe swine flu (H1N1) isolation ward of the Ahmedabad Civil Hospital in Ahmedabad on 07,February,2015&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> As of April 2, there are around 50 <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/how-to-enroll-in-a-clinical-trial-for-a-malaria-drug-that-could-help-treat-the-coronavirus-or-stop-you-from-catching-it/articleshow/74903005.cms">vaccine candidates</a> under developement, and a few initiated <a href="https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/novel-coronavirus-landscape-ncov.pdf">phase-1 trials</a> of human testing — including CanSino Biological Inc and Beijing Institute of Biotechnology — according to data collected by the <a href="https://milkeninstitute.org/sites/default/files/2020-04/Covid19%20Tracker%20NEW4-2-20-final.pdf">Milken Institute.</a> Other biotechnology companies like Moderna and Inovio Pharmaceuticals have funding from the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI). IBM’s <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/the-worlds-fastest-supercomputer-joins-the-battle-against-coronavirus-to-find-cure/articleshow/74725396.cms">supercomputer</a> is also on the job using resources provided by Hewlett Packard (HP), Amazon, Microsoft and Google to try and speed up the hunt for a cure. <div type="image" title="cure4" msid="74967065" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;IKDRC Hospital stamping Corona checking sticker on patients at the Civil Hospital Compound in Ahmedabad &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> However, there’s still a possibility that none of vaccines prove safe or, even effective, on humans. A study of the success rate of clinical development between 2006 to 2015 found that moving from Phase I to a successful Phase III was around 11.5%. Using what we already know to create a treatment Doctors are now using existing viral treatments to treat Coronavirus patients. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/could-a-malaria-pill-from-the-1940s-treat-the-coronavirus-early-results-for-chloroquine-have-caught-the-eyes-of-doctors-analysts-and-even-elon-musk/articleshow/74698558.cms">Chloroquine</a>, which has proven as an effective method of treating malaria, has shown positive results in China during preliminary trials. “We have a combination of anti-retrovirals that are being used. We also have another drug called <keyword id="8775508" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="remdesivir">remdesivir</keyword> and we’re looking at data,” said Sibal. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/we-dont-have-any-good-treatments-for-the-novel-coronavirus-right-now-but-scientists-are-racing-to-change-that/articleshow/74431738.cms">Remdesivir</a> is front runner with studies showing that it could keep the infection from replicating itself once a patient tests positive. Using that information, Phase III trials are being conducted in the US, China and Italy. <div type="image" title="cure5" msid="74967094" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;People lined up for Coronavirus testing in Beleghata&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> WHO’s multi-country trial called ‘<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/the-world-health-organization-is-launching-a-multi-country-solidarity-trial-to-fight-the-coronavirus-and-the-us-and-uk-are-not-involved/articleshow/74701557.cms">Solidarity</a>’ with participation from 10 countries is using a combination of these drugs to try and devise a treatment. Another method of treatment that has proven effective is passive antibody therapy. Plasma in the blood of patients who have recovered from the infection can be used to boost the immunity of patients who are currently infected. The positive aspect in all of this is that medicine has come a long way. “In the olden days, it would take you years to even think about a candidate vaccine and now it was done in a few weeks,” said Sibal. Currently, there are over 2,000 active cases in India with 156 patients who have recovered and 56 have died. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/whether-india-will-extend-its-coronavirus-lockdown-will-be-decided-by-next-week-say-experts/articleshow/74960603.cms">Whether India will extend its Coronavirus lockdown will be decided by next week, say experts</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/why-india-cannot-replicate-singapore-and-south-korea-models-to-contain-the-coronavirus-pandemic/articleshow/74965781.cms">Coronavirus taskforce members explain why India cannot replicate Singapore and South Korea models to contain the pandemic</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/coronavirus-lockdown-changing-the-way-the-earth-vibrates-is-a-reminder-that-nobody-is-alone-during-the-pandemic/articleshow/74965089.cms">Coronavirus lockdown changing the way the Earth vibrates is a reminder that nobody is alone during the pandemic</a>

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