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<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="10606215" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="jason-a-donenfeld">Jason A. Donenfeld</keyword> is the 32-year-old creator of <keyword id="10606216" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="wireguard">WireGuard</keyword>, an open-source <keyword id="201519" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="60" keywordseo="VPN">VPN</keyword> protocol widely seen as one of the most secure in the world.</li><li>In 2020, it found mainstream success and was adopted into the popular <keyword id="112218" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Linux">Linux</keyword> kernel, as well as on Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android operating systems.</li><li>Donenfeld started the project in 2015, and spent years building an open-source community to support WireGuard.</li><li>He spoke with Business Insider about his path to creating WireGuard, how he sees VPN security, and the overwhelming response the project, which is funded entirely by donations, has gotten from developers. </li></ul>Jason A. Donenfeld is relentlessly curious about everything, from ancient cities to cutting edge cryptography. When he's not developing WireGuard, known as the most secure VPN protocol in the world, the security researcher enjoys exploring the vast network of centuries-old limestone tunnels beneath Paris.Donenfeld, who is 32, originally came to Paris in 2010, after landing a summer gig writing shape packing algorithms, and then moved to the city fully in 2012, working as a vulnerability researcher.His work finding vulnerabilities for companies led him to doubt the security of popular VPN protocols. He thought the dizzying complexity, bloated implementations, and often outdated cryptography made for a worrisome attack surface. In 2015, he started developing <a href="https://www.wireguard.com/">WireGuard</a>.WireGuard is an open-source VPN protocol that's been lauded for its high-level security. In the few short years that <a href="https://www.wireguard.com/donations/">Donenfeld has developed it</a>, WireGuard has been adopted by the major operating system Linux, and integrated into Mac and Windows, as well as iOS, Android, and others.Virtual private networks, or VPNs, extend private networks across public ones, allowing data centers across continents to connect directly to one another. They also let users send and receive data as if their computers or phones are directly connected to private networks.This can sometimes be misleading. Even though companies and individuals alike may believe they're connecting securely over a VPN, this isn't always the case, in part due to the difficulty of implementing outdated, complex, or insecure protocols like IPSec and OpenVPN."When I say I don't feel comfortable with OpenVPN or IPSec implementations, it's speaking from experience, because I've found a lot of bugs in that kind of software," he said.He said that his time spent breaking into systems left him with the knowledge on how to defend them, too."How you evade detection on a network can be a very similar problem as how you keep attackers from knowing about your box," he said.Part of WireGuard's appeal is in how it maintains security through a few distinct ways, eliminating entire classes of vulnerabilities. It's high-speed. It utilizes defense-in-depth techniques, a series of layered mechanisms to protect data and information. And it's stealthy, only transmitting data when necessary and staying invisible when people scan for its servers.Plus, it's easier to audit. Unlike other VPN protocols, WireGuard has less than 4,000 lines of code, which means that security researchers could review the entire codebase for vulnerabilities in a single afternoon. And they often do.<h3>'It's a community project'</h3>This past year, WireGuard was merged into the influential Linux kernel, which led to widespread adoption on Windows, macOS, iOS, Android, and OpenBSD, in addition to Linux distributions such as Canonical's Ubuntu, Debian, Oracle Linux, Red Hat's CentOS and Fedora, and SUSE Linux.Getting there wasn't easy. Donenfeld wanted to have a single, coherent design where he could make every decision carefully, scrutinizing every piece. So he spent time developing WireGuard himself before it was released, he said, only sharing code with a couple of friends and cryptographers."He first contacted me out of the blue when he was developing WireGuard and he had crafted some cryptographic protocol and he wanted my review of it. I proposed little changes, but what he did initially was already very good," said Jean-Philippe Aumasson, a cryptographer, author, and co-founder of the security company Taurus Group SA.<div type="image" title="jason a donenfeld wireguard kernel recipes mozilla 2017" height="2499" width="3333" msid="80304010" hostid="261"></div>But Donenfeld wanted to completely change something as fundamental as Linux's cryptography architecture, and he was met with some resistance. Linux is tremendously popular, so sweeping changes could be disruptive. In order to get where he wanted, he had to start small, with incremental changes, and engage with other people's ideas and get them on board."This is how kernel development is done in general - it's a community project; you have to reach consensus," he said. "There's a big difference between releasing open source code and saying, 'here you go,' and disappearing back to a cave, and actually interacting with that world. I've chosen to interact really intimately with it, and that's meant lots of interaction and figuring out how each facet works."The process involved working with other developers and researchers, and giving talks at conferences, including Kernel Recipes at Mozilla's headquarters in Paris to connect with the developer community while building WireGuard."I didn't want to compromise on the security of the intermediate parts. I didn't want to make WireGuard depend on something with subpar security while I promised to fix it up 'later.' That's never acceptable to me. So finding something that was both evolutionary so that it would be merged but also still lived up to the security ideals was a very difficult process," he said.Donenfeld also wrote a compatibility layer for WireGuard, so people could load the code into their own kernels - the lowest depths of an operating system - before it was sent upstream. This involved the formidable task of writing kernel code that was compatible with variants and versions of Linux going back to 2013. But it meant that by the time Donenfeld was ready to upstream WireGuard, people were already using it.<h3>The Exchange of Ideas</h3>Donenfeld's background is not the norm in the industry, but his intense curiosity and his drive may have worked in his favor."There's a really well-defined pipeline that gets people to professional cryptography jobs and to status in the cryptography community," Thomas Ptacek, a security researcher and principal at Fly.io, said. "It typically involves getting a degree, followed by a graduate degree from a program run by an extremely well-known cryptographer, and then working in a research lab for a long time right out of university."In contrast, Donenfeld graduated with a degree in mathematics and philosophy from Columbia University in New York after growing up in Cincinnati. While his background is atypical, Donenfeld has still managed to produce the first formally verified VPN protocol, which means that it's been mathematically proven to be secure.Donenfeld works on WireGuard mostly from his home, the top floor of an apartment building that appears to have been converted from several chambres de bonne - single rooms once intended for maids - thrown together. Before the pandemic, he used to work from different rooftops and cafes all over Paris, bringing his Linux laptop with him as he explored the city.When he's not coding, Donenfeld is part of the Paris jazz scene. He rocks a D'Angelico NYSS-3 guitar and has played around town at clubs like Le Caveau des Oubliettes. Lately, he says, he's been listening to a lot of John Coltrane and Bill Frisell.WireGuard is also financed <a href="https://www.wireguard.com/donations/">entirely by donations</a>, atypical in the software industry. In appreciation to donors, Donenfeld said he has mailed out thousands of stickers with WireGuard's logo, which was inspired by a stone engraving of the mythological ancient Greek python that he saw while visiting a museum in Delphi.It's only been a few years, but Donenfeld said he had received enough in donations to work on WireGuard full-time and to fund other developers working on specific aspects of it, but he said the project is always trying to make it for another year."I've received job offers from Silicon Valley companies that would definitely result in a more financially rewarding life than being an open source author," he said.If he ever finds that he doesn't have the funding to work on improving WireGuard, he can always fall back to freelance jobs in the security industry instead.Donenfeld's goal is to continue developing high-quality, professional, free, open source software from which the entire community can benefit."Open sourcing something and interacting with that community is really just a great way to improve software, and it makes for a great exchange of ideas," he said.

How one hacker's push to secure the internet became a crucial part of Mac, Linux, and Windows operating systems

<ul><li><keyword id="201519" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="vpn" source="Orion">VPN</keyword> adds an extra layer of privacy for users, allowing users to access foreign websites and securely transfer sensitive business information.</li><li>In <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>, many cybersecurity companies providing VPN services have shut down their physical servers due to a government mandate to store users' personal data for five years.</li><li>Protect yourself online and stream without restriction with these VPN service providers.</li></ul>Virtual private networks (VPNs) add an extra layer of privacy for users, allowing users to access foreign websites and securely transfer sensitive business information. Business VPNs also offer features like managing multiple user accounts and blocking certain content to protect data. However, in India, many cybersecurity companies providing VPN services have <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/nordvpn-to-shut-down-its-servers-in-india-by-june-26-2022/articleshow/92229519.cms#:~:text=On%20Tuesday%2C%20the%20company%20spokesperson,the%20shutdown%20within%20the%20app.">shut down</a> their physical servers due to a government mandate to store users' personal data for five years. VPN service providers were asked by the CERT-In, a part of the Indian Department of Information Technology, to store information like names, email IDs, contact numbers, and IP addresses. This decision has not been well-received by most VPN service providers, who argue that complying with the regulation would compromise the privacy they offer to Indian consumers. Nevertheless, VPN companies assure their Indian users that their operations will continue. They have announced plans to introduce virtual servers in countries like Singapore and London to ensure Indian users can still access their VPN services and secure their online activities despite the new data law. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="What is a VPN?" comment="subhead" text="What is a VPN?">What is a VPN?</cmsannotation> A VPN, or virtual private network, is a crucial tool for online privacy. It safeguards and conceals your internet activity by encrypting the data from your device and routing it through a secure server in a location of your choice. This allows you to appear to be accessing online services from that specific country or place, which can help unblock censored or restricted content like TikTok or the US Netflix library. But that's not all - because your data is encrypted, even the government won't be able to see what you're doing online, ensuring maximum privacy and security. While VPNs are legal in most countries worldwide, it's important to note that a few countries have restrictions or bans on their use, such as China, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Oman, Russia, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates. However, even in countries where VPNs are legal, it's crucial to remember that engaging in illegal activities like torrenting copyrighted material, buying prohibited goods, or hacking is still illegal, even if you're using a VPN. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="How to choose the best India VPN?" comment="subhead" text="How to choose the best India VPN?">How to choose the best India VPN?</cmsannotation> Selecting the right <keyword id="13882790" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vpn-in-india" source="Orion">VPN in India</keyword> can take time due to the many available providers. It's essential to conduct thorough research before buying a subscription. Here are some key factors we suggest considering. Trustworthiness Most importantly, look for an established VPN provider with a proven track record and a transparent privacy policy that ensures your data will not be logged or collected. It's a bonus if the policy has been independently verified through third-party audits. A simple <keyword id="6355629" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="google" source="Orion">Google</keyword> search can reveal a lot about a VPN's reputation, and a reputable VPN should not have any significant security breaches or customer data leaks in its history. Speed and security Additionally, ensure the VPN you choose uses robust encryption to safeguard your data and offers fast and reliable services for smooth and lag-free streaming. Network size and diversity A wide selection of servers and server locations is beneficial for two reasons. Firstly, it means you'll have more bandwidth available and won't experience slow speeds due to overcrowded servers. Secondly, it reduces the chances of getting detected by streaming services that block VPNs, as services like Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, and others often flag IP addresses with heavy traffic loads. Independently audited no-logs policy Given the active monitoring of online activities by the Indian government, it's crucial to choose a VPN that has a strict no-logs policy. This means they do not collect private information, including personally identifiable data, ensuring your privacy remains intact. Customer support Regardless of which VPN you choose, it's important to be realistic and anticipate potential connection issues. Therefore, having easy access to a responsible and reliable support team should be a priority on your ‘must-have’ list when evaluating VPN providers. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="The best VPNs for India" comment="subhead" text="The best VPNs for India">The best VPNs for India</cmsannotation> <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="ExpressVPN" comment="subhead" text="ExpressVPN">ExpressVPN</cmsannotation> Server/s in India: Yes (virtual) Number of servers: 3,000+ Server locations: 160 Maximum devices supported: 5 24/7 live chat support: Yes ExpressVPN is one of the best VPN providers that has set up secure virtual locations to bypass logging requirements in India. It has an extensive physical network covering countries around India. With obfuscated servers, ExpressVPN ensures that your traffic remains undetectable even under strict restrictions. It offers its own Lightway and OpenVPN protocols, has a verified no-logging policy, and provides 24/7 customer support via email or live chat. ExpressVPN also offers easy-to-use applications for major platforms and has a track record of unlocking streaming services like Netflix, BBC iPlayer, Hulu, and more. It's also proven effective for watching sports and cricket from other countries, including accessing Hotstar content outside of India. <a href="https://www.expressvpn.com/?irclickid=WVu0GyXRbxyNWzg24Q3Y3QHdUkAQZxyBqWNoRY0&amp;shareid=&amp;irgwc=1">Try here</a> <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Surfshark" comment="subhead" text="Surfshark">Surfshark</cmsannotation> Server/s in India: Yes (virtual) Number of servers: 3,200+ Server locations: 100+ Maximum devices supported: Unlimited 24/7 live chat support: Yes Surfshark is a rising star in the VPN world with a clean and user-friendly interface and affordable pricing, making it the top choice for budget-conscious users. It offers a wide range of features, including AES-256 encryption, multiple protocols, DNS protection, split tunneling, and even a Double VPN hop for extra security. While there have been some reported issues with the kill switch on Windows, they are rare and extreme situations. Like ExpressVPN, Surfshark also uses virtual servers to protect users' privacy, allowing for secure local browsing or access to its 3,200+ international servers. It has dedicated anti-censorship features, such as its ‘Camouflage mode’ obfuscation technology and "No Borders" option that connects to servers performing well under network restrictions. <a href="https://surfshark.com/deals?coupon=surfsharkdeal&amp;transaction_id=102e83020fa8dac49a959c16259b8a&amp;offer_id=61&amp;affiliate_id=1691&amp;source=hawk&amp;aff_sub=&amp;i=&amp;utm_source=Affiliates&amp;utm_medium=1691&amp;utm_campaign=affiliate&amp;recurring_goal_id=50">Try here</a> <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="ProtonVPN" comment="subhead" text="ProtonVPN">ProtonVPN</cmsannotation> Server/s in India: Yes (Smart Routing) Number of servers: 1,800+ Server locations: 85+ Maximum devices supported: 10 24/7 live chat support: No ProtonVPN, based in Switzerland, offers a sleek interface, impeccable performance, and plenty of nifty features. It has a free VPN option with unlimited bandwidth, making it a great choice for VPN beginners, and its free coverage has recently expanded to over 100 servers from the previous 29. While ProtonVPN has shut off its physical servers in India, users can still access an Indian IP by choosing one of its Smart Routing servers in Singapore. Upgrading to the Plus plan allows users to connect through Secure Core servers located in Switzerland, Iceland, and Sweden, adding an extra layer of security to their traffic. <a href="https://protonvpn.com/">Try here</a> <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="NordVPN" comment="subhead" text="NordVPN"><keyword id="2893495" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nordvpn" source="Orion">NordVPN</keyword></cmsannotation> Server/s in India: No Number of servers: 5,600+ Server locations: 80+ Maximum devices supported: 6 24/7 live chat support: Yes NordVPN earns high praise for several reasons. It is ideal for streamers, easy to use, and offers clients and apps for a wide range of platforms, along with a massive network of over 5,600 servers. Despite recently terminating operations in India, NordVPN assures customers that it can meet their needs without resorting to fake locations, unlike some competitors. One of NordVPN's standout features is its extra layer of security options. In addition to standard protocols and 256-bit AES encryption, it offers Double VPN, which routes traffic through encrypted servers twice, and Onion Over VPN, which sends data through the secure Onion network. Furthermore, NordVPN undergoes an annual independent audit by PricewaterhouseCoopers to verify its strict no-logging policy, making it one of the most secure VPN services available. <a href="https://nordvpn.com/special/?utm_medium=affiliate&amp;utm_term=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techradar.com%2Fvpn%2Fbest-india-vpn&amp;utm_content&amp;utm_campaign=off564&amp;utm_source=aff3013">Try here</a> <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="CyberGhost" comment="subhead" text="CyberGhost">CyberGhost</cmsannotation> Server/s in India: Yes (virtual) Number of servers: 9,200+ Server locations: 115 Maximum devices supported: 7 24/7 live chat support: Yes CyberGhost offers an extensive range of over 9,200 international servers, including virtual locations for users in India who want to browse locally while maintaining their privacy. The option of Romanian-based NoSpy servers adds an extra layer of security, albeit at an additional cost. CyberGhost's apps are user-friendly and come with convenient features such as the Smart Rules panel, which allows users to connect automatically to their preferred server upon launching the app. Although CyberGhost's peak speeds have slightly decreased in recent testing, it still outperforms competitors like ExpressVPN and ProtonVPN with impressive speeds of up to 730Mbps using the WireGuard protocol. While it may have some limitations in terms of unblocking UK Netflix and Disney Plus, it still easily bypasses restrictions to grant access to the US catalog of Netflix. <a href="https://www.cyberghostvpn.com/en_US/offer/best?media_source=google_brand&amp;campaign=18137720579&amp;adgroup=139059196294&amp;keyword=cyberghost&amp;matchtype=e&amp;conversionpoint=&amp;channel=&amp;extension=&amp;brand=ppc&amp;gclid=CjwKCAjw0ZiiBhBKEiwA4PT9zwXOAVKk4CldK2shEWbIldB9NGZ2fqGHGlkb-734J5xIc1IxUb1HexoC1TYQAvD_BwE">Try here</a> SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/bard-to-magi-googles-latest-weapon-in-the-battle-for-search-supremacy/articleshow/99576251.cms">From Bard to Magi: Google's latest weapon in the battle for search supremacy</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/ai-generated-images-and-videos-a-game-changer-or-a-threat-to-authenticity/articleshow/99560443.cms">AI-generated images and videos: A game-changer or a threat to authenticity?</a>

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How one hacker's push to secure the internet became a crucial part of Mac, Linux, and Windows operating systems

Yael Grauer

The best VPNs to safeguard your online privacy and security in India

Rahul Verma

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