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Every time you have a discussion with <keyword id="15681942" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chatgpt" source="Orion">ChatGPT</keyword> about why your tummy hurts or when the next season of your favourite show will arrive, the application guzzles down an entire half-litre bottle of freshwater. This helps the <keyword id="107950" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="artificial-intelligence" source="Orion">artificial intelligence</keyword> keep itself cool and composed while it answers your “hard-hitting” questions. Despite this scary bit of information being common knowledge for a while now, the <keyword id="19899640" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="AI" source="keywords">AI</keyword> boom has only gathered more *ahem* steam in recent years. As AI technology advances, the <keyword id="20028292" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="energy-consumption" source="keywords">energy consumption</keyword> of the IT industry is also projected to spike significantly, potentially reaching 3.5% of global electricity by 2030. This is undoubtedly a lot of energy and a mountain of toxic carbon dioxide — levels of emissions we certainly cannot afford at the moment. However, our brains, despite still being far more complex and efficient than current computers, clearly don’t require nearly the same amount of energy to function. To emulate the supreme model organ, scientists have pulled a move straight out of science fiction: they grew brains of their own to hook up to a computer! In a massive development, a Swiss start-up named <keyword id="22019428" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="FinalSpark" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="FinalSpark" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="FinalSpark">FinalSpark</keyword> has launched a '<keyword id="20353366" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="biocomputer" source="keywords">biocomputer</keyword>' that connects to living, pulsing brain cells. Their online platform “taps” into spherical clusters of lab-grown human brain cells about half a millimetre in diameter, which are kept alive via an electrode and a microfluidics system that supplies the necessary water and nutrients. And yes, this system consumes far less energy than traditional, bit-based computers. This innovative approach, referred to as <keyword id="22019427" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="wetware-computing" source="keywords">wetware computing</keyword>, utilises researchers' ability to culture organoids in the lab. Organoids, essentially mini replicas of individual organs, have gained popularity as a research technique alongside the rise of energy-intensive artificial <keyword id="21395212" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="neural-networks" source="keywords">neural networks</keyword> such as ChatGPT. The electrodes can supply electric pulses to the brain organoids and measure how the cells respond. These organoids are exceptional at determining patterns, which is the kind of processing very helpful for computer engineers trying to solve their many problems. During the training process, the <keyword id="22019430" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mini-brains" source="keywords">mini-brains</keyword> can also be “rewarded” with dopamine rushes and “punished” using electrical stimulation. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Far less energy than traditional digital processors" comment="subhead" text="Far less energy than traditional digital processors">Far less energy than traditional digital processors</cmsannotation> FinalSpark claims that their bioprocessors "consume a million times less power than traditional digital processors." To put this into perspective, training a single large language model like GPT-3, a precursor to the latest GPT-4, required 10 gigawatt hours of energy — roughly 10,000 times the per capita energy consumption of an average Indian citizen in 2023. In contrast, the human brain operates its 86 billion neurons with just 0.3 kilowatt hours per day, less than 30 times as much energy as a light bulb! Currently, FinalSpark's system is being used to run lengthy experiments on brain organoids. Researchers can connect to this system remotely, and the mini-brains can be sustained for up to 100 days with their electrical activity continuously monitored. The system is freely available for research purposes, and numerous research groups have already begun using it. However, it may be noteworthy that FinalSpark is not the first to attempt connecting probes to biological systems or programming neural networks to perform specific tasks. In 2023, US researchers built a bioprocessor that connected computer hardware to brain organoids, enabling the system to learn to recognize speech patterns. Another Australian organisation created the DishBrain device that learned to play Pong within five minutes. Looking ahead, FinalSpark plans to expand the capabilities of their platform to manage a broader range of experimental protocols relevant to wetware computing. This includes injecting molecules and drugs into organoids for testing. Whether aiding computing or organoid research, the potential achievements in this field are vast and exciting. The findings of this study have been published in Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and can be accessed <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1376042">here</a>.

A living computer? This AI made from interconnected "mini-brains" requires a million times less power than ChatGPT!

<ul><li>The era of <keyword id="107950" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="artificial-intelligence">artificial intelligence</keyword> (AI) and machine learning (ML) brings with it the threat of <keyword id="6064676" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="deepfakes">deepfakes</keyword> and ‘wetware’ attacks.</li><li>5G’s promise of turbo speeds will also make it stealing data a speedy undertaking.</li><li>Here’s a list of the five biggest <keyword id="6361948" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="cybersecurity">cybersecurity</keyword> threats that face internet users in 2020.</li></ul>The digital is world in growing at a rapid pace. Everyday, the dependence on computers to manage and support day-to-day operations is increasing. At the same time, cyberattacks at becoming more powerful as well. It doesn’t matter whether you call data ‘oil’ or ‘water’, it’s undeniable that data breaches and hacks are much more common than they were a year ago. The issue isn’t restricted to unauthorised access either. Manipulation of data can lead to a whole new level of financial extortion. “There is an urgency among businesses to safeguard their data and people, as attackers are increasingly harnessing new technologies and techniques to launch attacks on intellectual property and critical data. said Surendra Singh, senior director and country manager for India and SAARC at Forcepoint. Here are the five biggest cybersecurity threats that the world will face in 2020:

Cloud, 5G and 'wetware' attacks  — the 5 biggest cybersecurity threats of 2020

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Jonah Weinbaum joined a hacker house to work on a neurotech project in summer 2023.</li><li>The hacker house, Myelin, aimed to develop a wetware computer with $8,000 in funding.</li></ul>This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with <a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/weinbaumjonah/">Jonah Weinbaum,</a> a 19-year-old who moved into a hacker house during the summer of 2023. The following has been edited for length and clarity.After finishing my freshman year at the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/flying-from-nyc-to-michigan-every-week-for-work-supercommuter-2024-4">University of Michigan</a>, I planned to spend the summer on campus working on an independent computer science research project.A few days before the summer semester started, I was talking to a friend on campus when a random student sat down to join our chat. We talked about nonlinear dynamics and exchanged phone numbers.<h2 id="714b6817-e5b3-4c40-b120-5508c0bc21e3">He recruited me to live in a hacker house and work on a neurotech project</h2>Later that day, he sent me a message explaining that he was starting a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/heres-how-agi-house-bays-hottest-artificial-intelligence-hacker-2023-6">hacker house</a> called <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://myelingroup.github.io/">Myelin</a> and asked if I wanted to live there and work on a neurotech project for three months. I had heard of hacker houses before but didn't know of any around campus.The guy I met and three other students wanted to build a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/ai/news/a-living-computer-this-ai-made-from-interconnected-mini-brains-requires-a-million-times-less-power-than-chatgpt/articleshow/110909568.cms">wetware computer</a>. They pitched the idea to different VCs and other organizations and received around $8,000 in funding through Emergent Ventures and the 1517 Fund.Once they had the funds, they rented a house in Ann Arbor for three months. They aimed to recruit a handful of people to work on the project, hoping it would become a startup.He recruited me because he thought I was good at physics. The project's novelty seemed exciting, and I needed a break from just doing coursework.I was majoring in math, physics, and cognitive science. I wanted to do something interesting now instead of in seven years. After learning more about the opportunity, I said yes. I moved in in May 2023, when I was 18.<h2 id="7790a0c3-6eac-4d67-b5ca-f684dea03893">I got free rent in exchange for helping the team work on a project</h2><div type="image" title="a living room with carpet, chairs, and a piano" height="3024" width="4032" msid="114460240" hostid="261" sizebytes="876084"></div>When I looked for summer housing, it seemed like I'd have to spend around $1,500 for three months. It was a big draw that living in the hacker house came with <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/live-rent-free-nyc-van-student-intern-adventure-2024-6">free rent</a> for the summer.The house also supplied some meals and covered the utilities. All I had to pay for was the extra food I wanted, but I ate very inexpensively, so my bills were around $30 a week.At any given time, 7-14 people from places like Michigan, Washington, Canada, Russia, and California lived there. Some people had internships in the latter half of the summer and left the house early.Not everyone was a student; some were later in their careers, but most of us were college-aged. They came because they wanted to work on and talk about <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-neurotech-allows-stroke-survivor-speak-brainwaves-thinking-paralyzed-2023-9">neurotech</a>, and such places aren't easy to find.A handful of us moved in on the same day, picked our rooms (I got lucky and had my own room), cleaned the house, and had our first meeting about the project and how we would operate.<h2 id="222a08af-7203-4c34-99d8-1ca341d37d3b">Every hacker house operates differently</h2>There were three teams, each with three or four people. The teams started with somebody presenting an idea for a team, and people joined if they liked it. The house was full of neurotech equipment and people working on projects ranging from personalized medicine to EEG-based object control and biological neuron computers.Whenever we woke up, at around 9 a.m., we started working on the project and worked on it all day until we went to bed at random late hours. We didn't do anything else. I was the only person enrolled in a summer class and completed my work during lunch or dinner breaks. I didn't travel or see friends outside this.Despite the high-tech focus, life in the house was simple. We had a piano that was played at regular intervals, food in the fridge, and beds. Some house members slept less than others, so there was almost always some conversation in the living room.<h2 id="03055209-bf20-48b1-bb79-9d4b4a1c1b2e">I spent my time doing research and sharing it with the other members of the house</h2>Our goal was to design a low-cost wetware computer that one could use for edge computer applications (robotics, drones, etc.).I worked with two other house members to develop a new paradigm for wetware computing. We eventually found a set of plausible methodologies for the project and wrote a white paper on how we could see them coming together. Being near the University of Michigan campus gave us constant opportunities to speak with researchers.We'd spend our days talking to researchers, reading papers online, and synthesizing everything. At the end of every week, we'd present our progress to the rest of the house.<h2 id="9f789bd1-74c3-40fe-979a-a181d5696bc2">When your time at a hacker house ends, the community doesn't</h2>By the start of the school year, we viewed our operations through a business lens and realized the potential for a business from a device we had been building: a microelectrode array.When school started in August 2023, we all moved out of the hacker house. I found other off-campus housing and returned to being a full-time college student.Since then, I've had the opportunity to stay at two other San Francisco hacker houses while capital-raising for the wetware computing startup I worked on at Myelin. I'm still in touch with everyone I met at the Myelin house. The community has been very valuable.<h2 id="0667f99a-ff70-4c84-9b5c-2f041248260b">Living in the hacker house changed the career path I was on</h2>Before this experience, I was confused about what path to take. I thought maybe I'd pursue a Ph.D. Living in the hacker house changed my mind completely. I'm now 100% on the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-become-successful-entrepreneur-according-to-career-coach-2024-4">entrepreneurship path</a>.I used to follow the flow and did things because that's what I saw others do. I was always aware of the fundamental disconnect in my perception of the future but wasn't sure how to mend it.My time in the hacker house taught me how to take a problem and investigate it intensely for a short period. I'll be able to speak about my neurotech research for decades.My focus has now shifted. Instead of continuing school at the University of Michigan, I'm off to live in a pro-town, a town built for deep-tech entrepreneurs, in Texas.

I lived in a hacker house for the summer when I was 18. It changed my career trajectory completely and I left college.

<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/game-changers/bionics"></div></div></div>The human body has the potential for amazing feats, but it also has built-in limitations - we can't hear certain tones, we see a limited range of colors, and we can't feel magnetic and electrical fields around us the way some animals do.
Some people choose not to accept those limits.
Neil Harbisson was born without the ability to see color. Now, he can perceive more than 360 colors and even discern the infrared spectrum. Kevin Warwick, the U.K.-based cybernetics professor and author of "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/I-Cyborg-Kevin-Warwick/dp/0252072154" target="_blank">I, Cyborg</a>," was the first person to implant a RFID chip into his arm, which then connected to systems at the University of Reading and could open doors and turn lights on or off. He even connected his nervous system to that of his wife, so they each could feel what the other person was feeling. Amal Graafstra, the founder of <a href="https://dangerousthings.com/" target="_blank">Dangerous Things</a>, sells a kit for $99 that you can buy right now and use to put a RFID chip in your own hand.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image on-image"></div></div>These characters are at the forefront of the biohacker, grinder, or cyborg movement, but they are not the only ones who have started to experiment with technological body modifications that do far more than a traditional piercing or tattoo.
Some think regular people are closer to accepting biohacking than many realize. Most of us are willing to trust computers to take over brain functions already. Search engines replace our memory for basic facts; Google maps replaces our sense of direction.
Bio- and body-hackers take things a step or two further. Using tattoo needles, scalpels, injection devices, microchips, or just wires, they embrace connectivity and step further into the cybernetic world.
To them, the limit is no longer the body. The limit is the mind, the uses we can come up with for this technology. Biohackers look at what technology is capable of and ask a question:
What do you want to be able to do?
Here are six body hacks that let people sense the world around them in new ways.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image on-image"></div></div>1. Magnetic implants can help you sense electric fields and pick up small metal objects. Magnets are commonly implanted into the hand or on a finger, allowing users to sense the location of a nearby electrical field, subway, or microwave.
Tim Cannon, one of the founders of biohacking collective <a href="http://www.grindhousewetware.com/" target="_blank">Grindhouse Wetwares</a> - whose slogan is "What would you like to be today?" - <a href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/superman/2013/03/cyborgs_grinders_and_body_hackers_diy_tools_for_adding_sensory_perceptions.single.html" target="_blank">told Slate that</a> he could tell not only where a current is come from, but could also distinguish between alternating current and direct current. A friend even calls him the "laptop whisperer," because he was able to use his abilities to diagnose a battery problem.
2. Magnets can also transmit sound and more. Biohacker Rich Lee implanted magnets in his ears that <a href="http://www.extremetech.com/extreme/160080-man-implants-magnetic-headphones-becomes-music-cyborg" target="_blank">work as hidden ear buds</a> by picking up a musical signal from a magnetic cord connected to a music player. He told Extreme Tech that he planned on linking these implants to his phone's GPS system so that directions could be transmitted directly to his head. Linked up to a microphone, he could use them as a listening device or phone as well.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right" style="width:300px"><div class="image on-image"></div></div>3. Temporary digital tattoos can relay vital information about health. Biohackers are wary about saying that their devices relay health information - most don't want their work to be regulated as medical technology by the Food and Drug Administration, one reason that individuals can't use anesthesia when putting an implant in themselves. But biohacking research has led to the creation of temporary tattoos that can assess vital statistics. <a href="http://www.jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/news/news_releases/release.sfe?id=1353" target="_blank">Some monitor sweat</a> to gauge physical activity. Others can <a href="http://www.futurity.org/its-electric-wireless-tattoo-sticks-to-skin/" target="_blank">monitor the body's electrical activity, heart rate, and more</a> - and can transmit that data to computers and mobile devices.
Big companies, who are less intimidated by regulation, also seem aware of the potential of these tattoos. A Google-owned company is working on digital tattoos that could connect to smartphones and gaming devices and that could even serve as lie detectors, <a href="http://pdfaiw.uspto.gov/.aiw?PageNum=0&amp;docid=20130297301&amp;IDKey=67084E6A3F15&amp;HomeUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fappft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html%2526r%3D1%2526f%3DG%2526l%3D50%2526co1%3DAND%2526d%3DPG01%2526s1%3D20130297301.PGNR.%2526OS%3DDN%2F20130297301%2526RS%3DDN%2F20130297301" target="_blank">according to the patent it filed</a>.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_left"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>
4. RFID Chips let the human body interact with electronic devices in a variety of ways. For some people, this is a means of unlocking doors, computers, and other devices. One researcher used an implanted chip to spread a computer virus.
An implant like this can connect to payment and security systems, as well as communication tools and so much more. This is one of those modifications where the question is, if you have a device that can interact with almost any machine, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/microchip-implants-in-healthy-people-2014-7" target="_blank">what do you want it to do</a>?
5. The Eyeborg allows Neil Harbisson to hear the colors of the world. A small antenna mounted over Harbisson's head views the colors of the world, including the ultraviolet and infrared spectrum, and vibrates a unique tone that only he can hear, allowing him to perceive the world in color - something he was born without the ability to do. It would take time for someone else to learn to use Harbisson's synesthesia-like approach to viewing the world, but you can <a href="http://eyeborg.wix.com/cyborg#!lab/czm2" target="_blank">download the software</a> to start building your own Eyeborg at home.
Harbisson says becoming a self-identified cyborg led him to found the <a href="http://eyeborg.wix.com/cyborg" target="_blank">Cyborg Foundation</a>, which works to help people extend their senses through technology and defends their right to do so. "I think we are now entering the age of transition into cyborgs," he <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bionic-technology-human-cyborgs-2014-7" target="_blank">told Business Insider</a>. "I'm sure it'll be normal to meet someone and ask 'what are your extra senses?'"
6. Biohacking implants can give you a Spider-Man-like ability to sense movement all around you. Different devices do this in different ways. Rich Lee says that connecting his ear implants to a range finder can create a sort of echolocation ability, which will hum as an object gets closer to him. A Cyborg Foundation Project called the 360º Sensory Extension vibrates if someone approaches from behind, and can even do so from different sides of the body. Grindhouse Wetwares has a project called <a href="http://www.grindhousewetware.com/bottlenose.html" target="_blank">Bottlenose</a> that captures sonar, ultraviolet, Wi-Fi, and thermal data and transmits information about these invisible fields to implanted magnets.
We have learned so much about how to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-most-incredible-applications-of-bionics-in-sports-2014-7" target="_blank">fix what's broken</a>, and now we are using that knowledge to hack the body <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/brain-hacking-will-make-us-smarter-and-more-productive-2014-7" target="_blank">and brain</a>. Humans no longer need to be limited to five senses.
So what do you want to be able to do?

You Searched For "wetware computing" and got 4 results

A living computer? This AI made from interconnected "mini-brains" requires a million times less power than ChatGPT!

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I lived in a hacker house for the summer when I was 18. It changed my career trajectory completely and I left college.

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