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<ul class="summary-list"><li>Policing took the forefront during this latest batch of <keyword id="11931743" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="elections" source="Orion">elections</keyword>, including in <keyword id="11896850" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="minneapolis" source="Orion">Minneapolis</keyword>.</li><li>Many ballot measures centered on the amount of <keyword id="11894211" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="police" source="Orion">police</keyword> presence particular areas should have.</li></ul>From Albany to Cleveland, police reform emerged as an issue on ballots across the country last week. Yet these ballot measures - most of which centered on the amount of police presence particular areas should have - had varying degrees of success. In Minneapolis, for example, voters had to decide whether to replace the city's police department with a Department of Public Safety that would employ a "comprehensive public health approach" to ensure the community's welfare. The ballot measure, which was prompted by <keyword id="11911209" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="george-floyd" source="Orion">George Floyd</keyword>'s murder, <a href="https://electionresults.sos.state.mn.us/results/Index?ErsElectionId=142&amp;scenario=LocalMunicipality&amp;FipsCode=43000&amp;show=Go&amp;show=Go">was rejected by about 60% of Minneapolis' voters</a>, according to data from the Office of Minnesota Secretary of State.Related Article Module: Why this former cop left the force: 'Policing is not about helping'"I'm not surprised the ballot measure failed," Sekou Franklin, author of the book After the Rebellion: Black Youth, Social Movement Activism, and the Post-Civil Rights Generation told Insider. "Typically a lot of voters will support police accountability, but they may not support initiatives that they feel goes too far." But Cleveland's ballot measure fared much differently. 94% of the Ohio city's voters were in favor of instituting an amendment to create a civilian-led board and Community Police Commission that would have final say in police policies and discipline. As these and other races show, policing took the forefront during this latest batch of elections, and experts say they will only become a more significant part of candidates' platforms as we head towards the Midterm elections. <h2>Beyond Minneapolis and Cleveland, policing impacts elections</h2> <div type="image" title="defund police minneapolis" height="4128" width="5503" msid="87656453" hostid="261"></div>In addition to Minneapolis and Cleveland, there were several other places where police reform was on the ballot. In Albany, residents voted to implement a civilian-led committee that would provide oversight of police investigations and complaints, while Austin, Texas residents overwhelmingly voted against Proposition A, which would have established minimum police staffing and required two police officers per 1,000 people in the city. It may be too early to tell what the greater implications of these different ballot measures are, particularly in Minneapolis, said Andra Gillespie, an associate professor of political science at Emory University. However, one thing that's for certain is that police reform is an ongoing issue that requires greater attention, she said. Related Article Module: Why Congress hasn't passed police reform that most Americans want"It's a hard sell to cut back on support when people want more protection, but that doesn't mean that the discussion of <keyword id="11965127" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="racial-justice" source="Orion">racial justice</keyword> and police reform isn't over," Gillespie said. She told Insider that "public opinion data shows us there's consensus among African Americans and others that Black people are subject to harmful treatment by the police." "The way to go about addressing these issues is an open debate," she said. Gillespie noted that the slogan "defund the police" falls short as it has often been misused and equated with abolition, which influences how people vote. <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2020/06/19/what-does-defund-the-police-mean-and-does-it-have-merit/">Defunding the police generally involves reallocating funds from law enforcement to social services and is not the same as abolishing law enforcement altogether</a>, according to the Brookings Institution, a nonprofit social sciences think tank. "People need to be careful and thoughtful about their marketing," Gillespie said. "Defund the police was clearly not message-tested to see how the slogan could be weaponized." <h2>Former police officers, other law enforcement officials see success</h2><div type="image" title="eric adams residence" height="1667" width="2500" msid="87656454" hostid="261"></div>Policing also played an important role in the campaigns of Eric Adams and Tyrone Garner. Adams, New York City's mayor-elect, and Garner, Kansas City's mayor-elect, are both Black men and former high-ranking police officers who've made public safety significant parts of their platform. Adam's plan specifically focuses on being "laser-focused violence crime-especially gun violence" by "reinventing the anti-crime unit as an anti-gun unit," per his <a href="https://ericadams2021.com/erics-safety-plan/">website.</a> He is also calling for resources that will address trauma in communities experiencing gun violence. Garner, for his part, ran on a campaign of expanding law enforcement wellness programs, declaring drug addiction as a county-wide crisis, and an ordinance that would make it illegal for law enforcement to lie on an official report or in a country proceeding, <a href="https://www.garnerformayor.com/Platform">among other public safety ideas. </a>Related Article Module: Readers of color tell Insider what policing reform should look like. Here's how they reimagine public safety.In the case of Adams, his police background has been controversial, particularly in a city like New York, where polls show constituents <a href="https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/politics/nyc-voters-want-more-cops-but-sharply-divided-on-how-and-where-wnbc-poll/3104993/">are divided over police presence. </a>Yet his police background ultimately did not hurt him at the polls Tuesday, <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Mayoral_election_in_New_York,_New_York_(2021)">nor did it hurt him in the sizeable Democratic primary in June. </a>Gillespie suggested his success is at least in part because he was perceived to be more moderate than his competitors. As the 2022 Midterm elections approach, experts say they expect policing will continue to remain a wedge issue. Voters view policing as both an issue of racial justice and public safety, according to Gillespie, who said that <a href="https://www.brookings.edu/blog/the-avenue/2021/11/02/dramatically-increasing-incarceration-is-the-wrong-response-to-the-recent-uptick-in-homicides-and-violent-crime/">the recent uptick in homicides and violent crime</a> has exacerbated existing divisions over the role of police in communities. "It's going to take some time to dig in deeper to see what the broader implications from Tuesday elections are," Gillespie said. "But we can't ignore the fact that Republicans evoke law and order which has racial undertones and disproportionately affects Black and Brown communities."

Across racial lines, policing emerged as a deciding factor in the elections

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A study showing white students misrepresented their race on <keyword id="11956253" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="college" source="Orion">college</keyword> applications went viral.</li><li>But <keyword id="11897808" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="education" source="Orion">education</keyword> experts say while some students do lie about their race, the study is misleading. </li></ul>Several thought leaders, including academics and journalists, recently took to social media, linking a study about white students misrepresenting their race on US college applications.National Book Award-winning author Ibram X. Kendi, best-known for his work on antiracism, was one of the many people who posted the study that seemed to suggest such students were lying about their backgrounds to augment their chances of gaining admission to schools and obtain additional financial aid benefits. In a now-deleted tweet, Kendi included a few of the study's most shocking statistics, writing, "More than a third of White students lied about their race on their college applications, and about half of these applicants lied about being Native American." But education experts say while there may be a significant portion of students who misrepresent their race on applicants, the study is misleading and the data it's based on is too narrow to elicit widespread conclusions. The <a href="https://www.intelligent.com/34-of-white-college-students-lied-about-their-race-to-improve-chances-of-admission-financial-aid-benefits/?adfa">survey</a>, conducted by the education website Intelligent, hinges on the responses of just 1,250 white Americans ages 16 and older who "previously applied to a college or university in the US." Of those respondents, approximately a third said they had lied about being a racial or ethnic minority. Nearly 75% of the respondents who misrepresented their race or ethnicity reported gaining acceptances to schools, despite lying on their applications. Given that this survey was released against the backdrop of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/california-students-are-deeply-disappointed-by-rejection-of-prop16-2020-11">decades-long debates over affirmative action </a>and a number of scandals whereby several prominent white academics have been exposed for <a href="https://www.insider.com/jessica-krug-professor-lied-about-black-race-white-post-gw-9">posing as people of color</a>, it naturally drew ire online. "Holy s---! It's worse than anyone thought," wrote activist and writer Rebecca Nagle in a now-deleted tweet. Experts, however, caution against viewing the survey's limited results as representative of a wider phenomenon. They say doing so not only obscures the challenges students of color face when applying to college, but contributes to the inaccurate idea that white privilege in college admissions doesn't exist. <h2>How the methodology "undercuts its usefulness" </h2>"The survey's methodology severely undercuts its usefulness and the extent to which any broad conclusions should be drawn from it," Nadirah Farah Foley, a postdoctoral associate at New York University, wrote in an email to Insider. "Frankly, given the methodological concerns, I don't think the survey offers much useful information." Foley, whose research explores how racism and social class affect students' experiences, cited other <a href="https://thehill.com/changing-america/enrichment/education/577722-more-than-a-third-of-white-students-lie-about-their">reporting</a> on the survey, which over-generalized the results and conflated the number of survey respondents with the whole college student population.A representative from Intelligent provided Insider with the survey questions, which included, "Why did you falsely claim minority status?" More than 80% of respondents said they did so to improve their chances of being accepted, per the survey.<h2>The survey suggests white respondents are most likely to falsely claim of Native American identity </h2>Of the survey respondents who falsely claimed to identify as a member of a racial or ethnic minority group, nearly 50% lied about being Natively American, compared to the approximately 13% who lied about being Latino and 10% who lied about being Black. "That applicants might be more likely to falsely claim Native or Indigenous heritage is a distressing finding, if not a surprising one," Foley wrote. "That said, experts have pointed out that this survey likely overstates the extent of this phenomenon."She added that if 34% of all white students were falsely claiming Native American identity on their college applications, as the study suggests, "we'd expect to see higher numbers of non-white applicants." Instead, Native Americans are underrepresented in college admissions and on college campuses. According to the Postsecondary Policy Institute (PNPI), an organization that seeks to make education policy more equitable, <a href="https://pnpi.org/native-american-students/#">less than 20% of 18-24 year old Native American students are enrolled in college</a> - compared to 41% of the overall US population.<a href="https://pnpi.org/native-american-students/#"> </a>The organization also states that Native American college enrollment has decreased by thousands of students from 2016-2019, the most recent year for which data are available."We see many groups of non-white applicants continuing to be underrepresented in applicant pools," Foley wrote. "That's not to say applicants lying about their race doesn't happen or doesn't matter -<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/students-were-advised-to-claim-to-be-minorities-in-college-admissions-scandal-11558171800"> it does.</a>" <h2>The survey has sparked conversations about college access and the role of race in admissions</h2><div type="image" title="A student completing his homework at the computer" height="2659" width="3988" msid="87530264" hostid="261"></div>While representatives from Intelligent did not respond to Insider's requests for comment on the backlash the survey received, Beata Williams, an Intelligent contributor, said the results speak to the competitive nature of college admissions. "Applicants who understand that their chances are limited based on academic performance when compared against their ethnic peer group, might be inclined to employ tactics that are not ethical to improve their chances for admission," Williams told Insider in an email. Several other experts pointed out that while respondents may have attributed their acceptance to these schools to lying about their race, this is likely not the case, as the Supreme Court ruled that race <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2018/10/how-lewis-powell-changed-affirmative-action/572938/">cannot be the sole factor considered in admissions</a>."In a selective and holistic admission office, and particularly those that are race-aware or race-conscious in their decision-making, race does not stand alone as a criteria," Jerry Lucido, the executive director of the University of Southern California Center for Enrollment Research, Policy, and Practice, told Insider. "Any mechanistic use of race was prohibited by Supreme Court case law long ago," he added.<h2>Despite its flaws, the survey offers an opportunity to reflect on race in admissions</h2>Many of the people who originally posted reporting on the survey, including Kendi and Nagle, removed their tweets upon realizing the study's flaws. Nagle apologized for sharing the survey, tweeting, "​​I trusted the publication, but should have looked into the methodology behind the survey, which doesn't hold up to scrutiny." Kendi, who received an onslaught of comments saying the study <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10150967/Ibram-X-Kendi-deletes-tweet-white-college-applicants-LIE-black.html">shows white privilege doesn't exist and that the study undermined "his life's work,"</a> posted a thread on Tuesday, debunking his critics. "I deleted this tweet when I saw disinformation operatives distorting its implications," Kendi wrote. "I posted these figures to show how many people may still hold this false belief that White people are disadvantaged."Despite the survey's flaws, education experts say the research offers an opportunity to reflect on college access and the role of race in admissions. "So many students of color face incredible challenges to accessing higher education, and it's very sad that anyone would seek to lie in order to gain leverage in the admissions process, although it probably happens sometimes," Julie Park, an associate professor at the University of Maryland, College Park School of Education, wrote in an email. "Even if the survey results are not nationally representative, they point to the need for holistic admissions -- which looks at the entire student's application fully," she added. "So students are not admitted (or rejected) on any single criteria like race, test scores, or demographic categories."

Experts are questioning a viral study on white college applicants lying about race. Is the phenomenon a trend?

The 100th anniversary of <a href="https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/tulsa-race-massacre">white racial violence in Tulsa, Oklahoma </a> provided the country an opportunity to reflect.<ul class="summary-list"><li>Columnist Ray Baker says political speeches honoring Tulsa or <keyword id="9375010" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="juneteenth">Juneteenth</keyword> are self-aggrandizing.</li><li>Commemorations honor the past without making amends for transgressions that benefited institutions.</li><li>Baker says justice requires accountability and restitution.</li></ul>Reflection is something the United States does and does often. Perhaps most famously, every January the country pauses to reflect on the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Reflection is something that's become more common in the United States. People of all political parties, religions and ethnicities come together to vow never again. Acknowledgment is all reflection asks of the guilty party.What justice seekers must demand is restitution. While sadly acknowledgment is just the first step, for Tulsans, it has taken a herculean effort to even get there. The problem with reflective commemorations like the one that took place in Tulsa or as we'll soon see this week with celebratory acknowledgments known as Juneteenth, is not the acknowledgement of a horrifically violent past. These stories need to be told in full detail to recount the horror of the event. What's problematic is that people in the United States don't bother making amends for their transgressions - particularly when those transgressions have materially benefited a people, institution, or government. Justice isn't merely a sitting US President giving a speech in the community that was terrorized by a white mob. It's the effort to correct the harm that's been inflicted on the injured party. Justice demands accountability and restitution. Quite simply, justice costs. To paraphrase Dr. King, when Black people go to cash the check of justice, it has come back marked insufficient funds. <div type="image" title="biden tulsa greenwood survivors Getty" height="1666" width="2222" msid="83549520" hostid="261"></div>There's a current, ongoing effort to provide <a href="https://www.justiceforgreenwood.org/">restitution</a> for the surviving victims of the Tulsa Massacre. It is not the first effort and previous lawsuits have been <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna4588836">dismissed</a> for not being timely enough. These efforts follow the creation of a state commission in 1997 to study the history of the night of terror. That panel <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/02/05/us/panel-recommends-reparations-in-long-ignored-tulsa-race-riot.html#:~:text=The%20commission%20was%20created%20in,one%20survivor%20of%20the%20riots.">recommended</a> <keyword id="2963196" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="reparations">reparations</keyword> to the people of the Greenwood community, but the mere suggestion was met with pushback from legislators and citizens alike. How has the city of Tulsa and the state of Oklahoma made right, what they have wronged? If the commemorative activities compared to their support for restitution were any indication, they haven't. Tulsa isn't alone. Their mayor's comments on the question of reparations is a useful study in how leaders all over the country respond to calls for restitution.Modern political leaders like Mayor G.T. Bynum, distinguish between the good (white) people of today and their ancestors years ago and claim restitution is "punishing this generation of Tulsans for something that criminals did a hundred years ago." That absolves the benefactors of a racist public massacre and any responsibility to right the wrongs of the past. Reflection and acknowledgement allow Americans across the country to feel good about maintaining systems of injustice, inequality and harm. Not paying restitution, however, means that the perpetrator's morality has its limits. For America,the limit is money. Governments and institutions willingly acknowledge wealth gotten through harmful and exploitative means. Without restitution to support that acknowledgement, the reflection on harm is nothing but self-aggrandizing myth making. It is the source for the common refrain of "this is not who we are" whenever something inhumane, violent, or exploitative happens in the United States. That is what the country must tell itself to continue to maintain a status quo that was built on violence, exploitation, and terror; while also seeing itself as a just and morally good society.The time has come for the United States to go beyond the milquetoast and pedestrian steps of reflection and acknowledgement in the name of myth making. The time is now for justice. Tulsa can and must lead the way. Justice should also be top of mind for every locale that engages in an upcoming Juneteenth celebration. States must remember they once enslaved the ancestors of the people they now call citizens. The question remains, what does the US owe those citizens? Anything less than restitution is a check returned marked insufficient funds.

'Never forget' the terror of Tulsa. But for Black Americans, reflection without reparations is American myth-making

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="10179306" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="darnella-frazier">Darnella Frazier</keyword>, then age 17, filmed <keyword id="9295731" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="george-floyd">George Floyd</keyword> being killed by Derek Chauvin a year ago.</li><li>She penned a heartfelt tribute to Floyd on her Facebook page on the year anniversary of his death.</li></ul>Darnella Frazier, the Black teenager who filmed George Floyd's death a year ago, penned a heartfelt tribute to Floyd on <a href="https://www.facebook.com/darnellareallprettymarie">her Facebook page</a>.Floyd was killed by former Minnesota police officer Derek Chauvin, who kneeled on Floyd's neck for over nine minutes after Floyd was arrested and detained on suspicion of using a counterfeit $20 bill. In April, Chauvin was <a href="https://www.insider.com/derek-chauvin-verdict-george-floyd-death-2021-4">found guilty</a> of second-degree murder, third-degree murder, and manslaughter in the death of George Floyd. Frazier's 10-minute-long video helped spark a nationwide uprising against police brutality."I was only 17 at the time, just a normal day for me walking my 9-year-old cousin to the corner store, not even prepared for what I was about to see, not even knowing my life was going to change on this exact day in those exact moments... it did," she wrote one year later. "It changed me. It changed how I viewed life. It made me realize how dangerous it is to be Black in America."<h2>Read her full statement below:</h2>

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Across racial lines, policing emerged as a deciding factor in the elections

Gwen Aviles

Experts are questioning a viral study on white college applicants lying about race. Is the phenomenon a trend?

Gwen Aviles

'Never forget' the terror of Tulsa. But for Black Americans, reflection without reparations is American myth-making

Ray Baker

Darnella Frazier, the teen who filmed George Floyd's last moments, pens heartfelt tribute on anniversary of his death

Azmi Haroun

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