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There is no denying the fact that your <keyword id="19956983" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="mental-health" source="keywords">mental health</keyword> affects every part of your life. After all, mental health is an important aspect of overall well-being, especially among young people who are navigating a world of rapid change, digital pressures, and societal expectations. Neglecting mental health can lead to long-term consequences such as chronic stress, anxiety, and depression. In today’s fast-paced world, where technology and social media dominate much of young people’s lives, addressing mental health is more important than ever. A recent study has revealed that the youth of <keyword id="19895045" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="singapore" source="keywords">Singapore</keyword> is facing mental health challenges and the situation deserves attention. <h2>Mental health issues in Singapore youth</h2>According to a PTI report quoting data from the nation-wide survey conducted by the <keyword id="23234918" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Institute-of-Mental-Health" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Institute of Mental Health" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="Institute of Mental Health">Institute of Mental Health</keyword> (IMH), nearly one-third of young people in Singapore are facing severe or very severe symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress. The survey sheds light on the increasing prevalence of mental health issues among the younger population, with one in three respondents reporting serious mental health struggles. The National <keyword id="21279543" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="youth-mental-health" source="keywords">Youth Mental Health</keyword> Study, initiated in 2022, found that 30.6 percent of young Singaporeans experience significant symptoms related to depression, anxiety, or stress. The study identified several contributing factors to these mental health challenges, including <keyword id="23214883" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cyber-bullying" source="keywords">cyber-bullying</keyword>, excessive use of social media, and concerns about body image. Young people who reported more than three hours of daily social media use were particularly vulnerable to mental health issues, as were those who had been victims of online harassment. IMH’s co-principal investigator, Associate Professor Swapna Verma, highlighted the unique pressures that today’s youth face, noting that social media can exacerbate body image concerns and lead to constant comparisons. "Navigating the complexities of youth is challenging enough, but young people today are grappling with unique issues that previous generations did not," she said. The anonymity offered by the internet, she explained, has made cyber-bullying a pervasive issue that can deeply affect mental health. The survey, which was conducted in collaboration with the Ministry of Health (MOH) and other institutions such as the National University of Singapore's Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, is the first of its kind in the country. It aimed to provide a clearer understanding of the mental health challenges facing young people, as well as to identify gaps in treatment and available support systems. <h2>Body image concerns adding to poor mental health</h2>According to the study, concerns about body shape were another major factor contributing to poor mental health outcomes. This finding aligns with global trends showing that body image issues are increasingly common among young people, fueled in part by the portrayal of unattainable beauty standards on social media platforms. The government’s response to these findings emphasises the need for a comprehensive, society-wide effort to tackle youth mental health issues. In a joint statement released by Singapore’s Health, Education, and Social and Family Development ministries, officials said that the study's findings reaffirm the government’s strategy to address mental health challenges among the youth. This strategy, known as the National Mental Health and Well-Being Strategy, was launched in October of last year and advocates for a whole-of-society approach to <keyword id="20492818" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mental-health-awareness" source="keywords">mental health awareness</keyword> and intervention. The ministries further noted that the survey results are consistent with those of previous research on mental health, suggesting that these issues are widespread and not confined to isolated cases. The findings also call attention to the need for continued collaboration between government agencies, healthcare providers, and educational institutions to better support youth who are struggling with mental health issues. (With PTI inputs)

One-third of young people in Singapore facing symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress: IMH study

What if adding years to your life was as simple as taking a stroll? According to a new study, being more active could be the key to unlocking a longer, healthier life — especially for those over 40. <h3 style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:4pt;">5 extra years, just by moving more</h3>The study revealed that if everyone in the U.S. were as active as the top 25% of the population, individuals over 40 could add five years to their lives. The secret? <keyword id="20053428" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="physical-activity" source="keywords">Physical activity</keyword>. Researchers discovered this by using accelerometers — devices that track movement with precision — rather than relying on self-reported activity levels. The result are that the benefits of exercise are twice as strong as previously thought. <h3 style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:4pt;">Risk of death drops by 73%</h3>The most active quarter of the population had a whopping 73% lower risk of death than the least active group. But here’s where it gets exciting: for the least active group, even a small step (literally) makes a huge difference. For example, just a one-hour walk could give you six additional hours of life. Think of it as trading one Netflix binge for a half-day extension on your lifespan! <h3 style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:4pt;">The biggest gains for the least active</h3>Lead researcher Professor Lennert Veerman highlighted the potential for the least active group: “If the least active quartile of the population over age 40 were to increase their activity level to that of the most active quartile, they might live, on average, about 11 years longer,” he said. Here’s the best part — it’s doable. The most active group isn’t climbing mountains or running marathons. Their activity level is equivalent to just under three hours of walking per day, proving that even moderate movement can pay off big. Low levels of physical activity could be as damaging as smoking, the researchers suggested. Just as each cigarette can shave off 11 minutes of life, inactivity has its toll. Conversely, moving more acts as a shield, helping prevent heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, and other chronic conditions. <h3 style="line-height:1.38;margin-top:14pt;margin-bottom:4pt;">Revolusionising health recommendations</h3>The study’s findings indicate a need to revisit national guidelines on physical activity. Dr. Veerman emphasised how underestimated physical movement has been: “If there's something you could do to more than halve your risk of death, physical activity is enormously powerful,” he said. He also stressed the importance of creating environments that encourage movement: walkable neighbourhoods, affordable public transport, and spaces for cycling could benefit individuals and society alike by boosting health outcomes and reducing strain on healthcare systems. Medical boards such as the WHO and the ICMR advise adults to engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week, alongside muscle-strengthening exercises twice a week. Children and teens should aim for 60 minutes of daily physical activity, including muscle and bone-strengthening activities three times a week. Older adults are encouraged to follow similar guidelines with added focus on balance and flexibility exercises to prevent falls. The government promotes physical activity through initiatives like the <keyword id="20284979" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Fit-India-Movement" source="keywords">Fit India Movement</keyword>, though experts emphasise the need for better access to parks, sidewalks, and fitness programs to make exercise more achievable for all. Don’t worry — you don’t need to leap into intense workouts. Even modest increases in activity can yield significant results. A short walk, an evening dance, or even taking the stairs instead of the elevator could be your ticket to a longer, healthier life. The findings of this study have been published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine and can be accessed <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108125">here</a>.

Doing this simple thing could add years to your life, research says

Kelly directs the National Institute of Standards and Technology's recently created US AI Safety Institute, a group of top computer scientists and ethicists tasked with studying and addressing AI risks, particularly in relation to areas of national security, civil rights, and general public safety. It's expected to introduce testing standards for AI developers to make sure their systems are safe. Kelly, part of Business Insider's 2024 AI Power List, helped shape President Joe Biden's technology policy and assisted in drafting his executive order last year that focused on issues related to AI safety. Before that, Kelly was a special assistant to the president of the National Economic Council, where she led efforts in technology policy, including in AI. Kelly previously held executive positions at Capital One Investing and United Income, a fintech startup acquired by Capital One.See Business Insider's full <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://businessinsider.com/ai-power-list-2024">AI Power List</a>

Elizabeth Kelly, US AI Safety Institute director, sets AI safety standards

Anyone following the rhetoric around <keyword id="107950" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Artificial-Intelligence" source="Orion">artificial intelligence</keyword> in recent years has heard one version or another of the cl<keyword id="6355999" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="AI" source="Orion">ai</keyword>m that AI is inevitable. Common themes are that AI is already here and indispensable, and people who are bearish on it harm themselves. In the business world, AI advocates tell companies and workers that they will fall behind if they fail to integrate generative AI into their operations. In the sciences, AI advocates promise that AI will aid in curing hitherto intractable diseases. In higher education, AI promoters admonish teachers that students must learn how to use AI or risk becoming uncompetitive when it comes time to find a job. In national security, AI's champions say that either the nation invests heavily in AI weaponry, or it will be at a disadvantage against the Chinese and Russians, who are already doing so. The argument across these different domains is essentially the same: The time for AI skepticism has come and gone. The <keyword id="6355118" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="technology" source="Orion">technology</keyword> will shape the future, whether you like it or not. You have the choice to learn how to use it or be left out of that future. Anyone trying to stand in the technology's way is as hopeless as the manual weavers who resisted the mechanical looms in the early 19th century. In the past few years, my colleagues and I (Nir Eisikovits, Professor of Philosophy and Director, Applied Ethics Center, UMass Boston) have been studying the ethical questions raised by the widespread adoption of AI, and I believe the inevitability argument is misleading. <h2>History and hindsight</h2> This claim is the most recent version of a deterministic view of technological development. It's the belief that innovations are unstoppable once people start working on them. In other words, some genies don't go back in their bottles. The best you can do is harness them for your good purposes. This deterministic approach to tech has a long history. It's been applied to the influence of the printing press as well as to the rise of automobiles and the infrastructure they require, among other developments. But I believe that when it comes to AI, the technological determinism argument is both exaggerated and oversimplified. <h2>AI in the field(s)</h2> Consider the contention that businesses can't afford to stay out of the AI game. The case has yet to be made that AI is delivering significant productivity gains to the firms that use it. A report in The <keyword id="20856675" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="economist" source="keywords">Economist</keyword> in July 2024 suggests that so far, the technology has had almost no economic impact. AI's role in higher education is also still very much an open question. Though universities have, in the past two years, invested heavily in AI-related initiatives, evidence suggests they may have jumped the gun. The technology can serve as an interesting pedagogical tool. For example, creating a Plato chatbot that lets students have a text conversation with a bot posing as Plato is a cool gimmick. However, AI is already starting to displace some of the best tools teachers have for assessment and for developing critical thinking, such as writing assignments. The college essay is going the way of the dinosaurs as more teachers give up on the ability to tell whether their students are writing their papers themselves. What's the cost-benefit argument for giving up on writing, an important and useful traditional skill? In the sciences and medicine, the use of AI seems promising. Its role in understanding the structure of proteins, for example, will likely be significant for curing diseases. The technology is also transforming medical imaging and has been helpful in accelerating the drug discovery process. But the excitement can become exaggerated. AI-based predictions about which cases of COVID-19 would become severe have roundly failed, and doctors rely excessively on the technology's diagnostic ability, often against their own better clinical judgment. And so, even in this area, where the potential is great, AI's ultimate impact is unclear. In national security, the argument for investing in AI development is compelling. Since the stakes can be high, the argument that if the Chinese and the Russians are developing AI-driven autonomous weapons, the United States can't afford to fall behind has real purchase. But a complete surrender to this form of reasoning, though tempting, is likely to lead the <keyword id="19899807" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="u-s-" source="keywords">U.S.</keyword> to overlook the disproportionate impact of these systems on nations that are too poor to participate in the AI arms race. The major powers could deploy the technology in conflicts in these nations. And, just as significantly, this argument de-emphasizes the possibility of collaborating with adversaries on limiting military AI systems, favoring arms race over arms control.<h2> One step at a time</h2> Surveying the potential significance and risks of AI in these different domains merits some skepticism about the technology. I believe that AI should be adopted piecemeal and with a nuanced approach rather than subject to sweeping claims of inevitability. In developing this careful take, there are two things to keep in mind: -First, companies and entrepreneurs working on artificial intelligence have an obvious interest in the technology being perceived as inevitable and necessary, since they make a living from its adoption. It's important to pay attention to who is making claims of inevitability, and why. -Second, it's worth taking a lesson from recent history. Over the past 15 years, smartphones and the social media apps that run on them have come to be seen as a fact of life - a technology as transformative as it is inevitable. Then data started emerging about the <keyword id="6354774" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mental-health" source="Orion">mental health</keyword> harms they cause teens, especially young girls. School districts across the United States started to ban phones to protect the attention spans and mental health of their students. And some people have reverted to using flip phones as a quality of life change to avoid smartphones. After a long experiment with the mental health of kids, facilitated by claims of technological determinism, Americans changed course. What seemed fixed turned out to be alterable. There is still time to avoid repeating the same mistake with artificial intelligence, which potentially could have larger consequences for society.

Is AI dominance inevitable? A technology ethicist says no, actually

The death of 26-year-old <keyword id="20468023" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="EY" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="EY" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="EY">EY</keyword> employee, Anna Sebastian Perayil, shook the nation last week and people have been talking about the incident on social media. Her mother, in a letter to EY, had blamed “work stress” and said that she hopes no other family has to go through what they faced. Ever since the letter has gone viral, people are reacting to it. While many are saying how having a sense of <keyword id="19901232" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="work-life-balance" source="keywords">work-life balance</keyword> is important, others are lashing out at big companies for overworking their employees. Some experts have also weighed in on the debate, saying that the incident is unfortunate and people need to have compassion. <h2>Experts talk about work-life balance </h2> In a conversation with ANI, Corporate Outbound Expert, Tanmay Pendse, urged the government to introduce clear regulations aimed at managing workplace stress more effectively. “We are training people for the last 15-16 years and through the management activities, we make sure that such sessions are included which helps in reducing the stress. After employees reach home they should spend good time with their family and stay away from mobile phones. I appeal to the government to come up with a specific policy so that these kind of situations can be tackled,” Pendse said. He also recommended the introduction of wellness activities like yoga in companies to help employees unwind and manage pressure. Nikhil Badgujar, an Associate Consultant at Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), reflected on how stress is an unavoidable part of corporate life and has to be managed. He also said that what happened with the EY employee was very unfortunate. “Whatever happened is very unfortunate. People need to understand how to react to stress. Stress is relative, as the stress I am feeling is not the same for the other person. People (need) to understand how to react. I can easily understand this as these things are very common nowadays. We need to think about how we can reduce the impact. This is the only thing we can manage. Stress cannot be avoided but it can be managed. In the corporate world stress is a part of our life. We need to understand how to react to that. We are the solution makers itself." Badgujar said. Anand Kulkarni, a Process Specialist at Infosys, agreed that while stress is prevalent in many workplaces, it can be handled with the right mindset. "Being in the corporate for more than ten years, I have been experiencing and observing a lot of work stress. I handle stress by enjoying the work. Stress does exist in the corporate world but it is all about how you handle it.” Pushkar Aurangabadkar, an educator and author, took a more philosophical approach to the issue, noting that societal pressures often drive people into high-stress environments. "The incident is very painful and it has a lot to do with the kind of aspirations that we have these days. The majority of which comes from the compulsive obsession for owning a lot of things. It is not just the trap of corporate but we also need to consider what makes people get into these traps in the first place.” Aurangabadkar added that fostering compassion and promoting spiritual wisdom could help reduce feelings of isolation and pressure in the corporate world. "But there are means and ways in which this can be handled in a better way and as a society, we should be taking care of it. It depends on corporate culture and as everyone might be aware every company has a different culture. It depends from company to company what kind of culture they have that defines how much pressure is getting instituted in that organisation. But beyond that what I believe is compassion and the longing for spiritual wisdom need to be promoted in society because it can reduce the possibility of such incident. The reason is that beyond the pressure people are facing in corporate, it drills down the compulsion and loneliness that we are facing and the answers to which may lie in the compassion." <h2>EY employee's death shocks nation</h2> Anna Sebastian Perayil, a 26-year-old Chartered Accountant, passed away in July 2024, just four months after joining EY in her first job. Her mother, in a heartfelt letter to the company, attributed Anna's death to extreme work pressure. The letter went viral on LinkedIn last week. Anna’s mother said in the letter that her daughter worked tirelessly, even on her convocation day despite experiencing chest pains. Though doctors found no immediate cause for concern, Anna continued to feel unwell. Her mother added how Anna’s manager would reschedule meetings during cricket matches and assign tasks at the end of the day, dismissing Anna’s concerns about the late-night workload. The letter added that despite her struggles, Anna chose to stay, eager to learn and gain experience, but the pressure proved too much. In her letter, Anna’s mother expressed her deep sorrow, not only at losing her daughter but also at EY's failure to provide support. She also said that none of Anna's colleagues or managers attended her funeral. (With ANI inputs)

Unfortunate incident, compassion needs to be promoted: Experts react to EY employee’s death

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Supplements aren't regulated in the US like drugs are.</li><li>It's important to do your homework before taking them, the director of the Office of Dietary Supplements said.</li></ul><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vitamins-dietary-supplements-not-worth-buying-dietitians-2023-7">Supplements</a> are a polarizing topic. While some people swear by them, others think they're a total waste of time and money.But the US' top supplements expert, Stefan Pasiakos, told Business Insider that neither view is helpful."You need to come at it from an objective standpoint and let the evidence speak for itself," said Pasiakos, who leads the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health, a government body that assesses the latest scientific findings on supplements to strengthen public understanding.Pasiakos, a nutritional scientist by training, joined the ODS in July 2023 with the goal of bringing a high level of scientific objectivity to the supplement field, he said. By providing people with clear information, he hopes he can help them make informed choices that optimize their health.Dietary supplements from <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/multivitamins-for-memory-older-adults-benefit-2023-10">multivitamins</a> to probiotics have become staples in our bathroom cabinets, with almost 58% of Americans saying they had taken some kind of supplement in the past 30 days, according to the latest <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db399.htm#:~:text=Among%20U.S.%20adults%20aged%2020,60%20and%20over%20(80.2%25).">data from the CDC</a> published in 2021. It's no surprise, then, that the US dietary supplement market had an estimated value of $45.1 billion in 2023, according to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/828481/total-dietary-supplements-market-size-in-the-us/">Statista</a>.But the FDA doesn't approve supplements before they hit the market, meaning, unlike drug manufacturers, companies don't have to conduct multiple clinical trials to prove their products work, quantities of ingredients don't always have to be listed, and products are sometimes contaminated by or cut with other substances not mentioned on the packaging. One <a target="_blank" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2807343?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social_jamajno&amp;utm_term=10743549280&amp;utm_campaign=article_alert&amp;linkId=225481243">2023 study</a> published in JAMA Network Open found that 89% of the 57 dietary supplements tested didn't accurately list their ingredients.While this means doing your homework before taking a supplement is crucial, it doesn't mean they can't play a role in supporting and promoting health, Pasiakos said.He shared three common misconceptions about supplements that could prevent people benefiting from them.<h2 id="bae5144e-ea2f-428c-9907-12d3c1c6ad15">1) The more supplements, the better</h2>When it comes to vitamins, minerals, and nutrients, more is not always better, Pasiakos said. It's common for people to think that because something is "natural" you can't have too much of it, but that's untrue, he said.There are instances where consuming above and beyond what's recommended is unsafe, and for a lot of natural products, we simply don't know where those upper levels are, Pasiakos said.When people take above the recommended daily limit of a supplement, the effects can be serious. In May 2023, a man died after taking <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/man-killed-by-vitamin-d-supplements-2024-2">too much vitamin D</a> over nine months.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/risks-popular-supplements-vitamin-d-magnesium-2024-4">Overdosing on magnesium</a>, meanwhile, can in extreme cases, cause paralysis and death, while overdosing on vitamin C can lead to kidney problems and vitamin B12 deficiencies, professor Rob Chilcott, the head of toxicology at the University of Hertfordshire, UK, previously told BI.<div type="image" title="A woman browses the supplement aisle in a store." height="1414" width="2121" msid="113962537" hostid="261" sizebytes="152838"></div><h2 id="14b98670-a04a-4851-b255-b229a967fb8a">2) Supplements are 'tainted and adulterated'</h2>People tend to fall into two camps, those who think all supplements are "tainted and adulterated" and others who think they all work, Pasiakos said.Pasiakos said that certain resources, such as the ODS's supplement fact sheets, can help people make informed decisions about supplements, while the third party NSF Product Certification program can guarantee a product contains what the label says it does.But it's important to know that verification programs are not backing any health claims a company might make about their product. "It's simply saying that what's on the label is in the dietary supplement," he said."All I would say is that people make sure that they become educated on these products, understand what's in them, and know that the industry is not out to get them. But there are certainly aspects of certain dietary supplements that may be considered unsafe," he said.<h2 id="9b3c3c37-ffd3-424f-984c-6059a8335205">3) Supplements are a silver bullet</h2>Pasiakos said people are always looking for a silver bullet to make them healthy, but they won't find it in dietary supplements.Like many dietitians, Pasiakos takes a food-first approach to his health. He sees supplements as complementary to a healthy diet, not as a way to replace or substitute one."You can't look at dietary supplements without understanding the underlying diet," he said. If you don't know what a person is eating and getting from their diet nutrient-wise, you can't advise them on what dietary supplements they should take, he said."I can't just ignore that. So that's why I look at it that way."

3 common myths about supplements that prevent people from improving their health, according to the US' top expert 

A recent study by <keyword id="19898366" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="harvard" source="keywords">Harvard</keyword> and the <keyword id="23109326" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="european-university-of-rome" source="keywords">European University of Rome</keyword> has uncovered a striking connection between early-life exposure to <keyword id="55910" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="air-pollution" source="Orion">air pollution</keyword> and economic outcomes in adulthood. Published in the Proceedings of the <keyword id="21125238" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="national-academy-of-sciences" source="keywords">National Academy of Sciences</keyword>, the <a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2401882121" data-type="tilCustomLink">research</a> highlights how infants exposed to higher levels of fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) are likely to earn less as adults, with the most significant impacts observed in the Midwest and South of the United States. “This study takes a big step toward filling the knowledge gap on the crucial link between environmental factors and long-term economic outcomes,” said Francesca Dominici, lead author and professor at Harvard. The findings underscore how environmental pollution, particularly air quality, plays a significant role in shaping not just public health but economic mobility and well-being later in life. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112921592" title="Indoor air pollution poses greater health risk than outdoor: Experts" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> <h2>Key findings </h2>The study focused on US individuals born between 1978 and 1983, analysing their PM2.5 exposure from 1980 to 2010, and compared it to their earnings in 2014-2015 when they were between 31 and 37 years old. The results were telling: a one-unit increase in PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 1.146% decrease in <keyword id="23109325" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="economic-earnings" source="Orion">economic earnings</keyword>, measured using a statistic called <keyword id="23109327" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Absolute-Upward-Mobility" source="Orion">Absolute Upward Mobility</keyword> (AUM). The data revealed that this impact was not uniform across the country. Midwestern and Southern regions saw the highest negative effects, suggesting regional disparities in both air quality and its long-term economic impacts. <h2>Call for action </h2>The authors argue that these findings should encourage the creation of stringent national air quality standards, as well as targeted interventions to address pollution in highly affected regions. Luca Merlo, co-lead author, emphasised the importance of addressing both environmental and economic inequalities through integrated policies. This research builds on growing evidence of the far-reaching consequences of air pollution, further solidifying the argument that improving air quality is not only vital for public health but also for fostering economic growth and opportunity. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="112853990" title="India saw 19.3% drop in particulate pollution in 2022, adding 51 days to life expectancy: Report" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

Harvard study links exposure to air pollution in infancy to reduced earnings in adulthood

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Dana Mayer moved back to the US after living in the UK for 25 years.</li><li>She used to get frustrated by the British tendency to accept mediocrity.</li></ul>I wasn't prepared for how much the US had changed when I moved back. I'd been <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/things-american-misses-after-moving-back-from-uk-2022-11">living in the UK</a> for 25 years, but when the <keyword id="19913581" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="pandemic" source="keywords">pandemic</keyword> kicked off in March 2020, I decided it was time to go home. It wasn't until returning that I realized how British I'd become and that "home" was more difficult to define. Now, after having lived almost half my life in each country, I feel equally in love with both, although for very different reasons. I struggled with the lack of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/social-life-differences-living-in-uk-compared-to-us">personal space in the UK</a> — some of that stems from the UK's population density being almost eight times that of the US per square mile, per <a target="_blank" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST">World Bank Open Data</a>. This translated into <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/london-dumpster-tiny-home-how-i-use-space-photos-2023-4">tiny homes</a> with common walls even in the countryside and jostling for sidewalk space in the cities. It also seemed to result in a populace adverse to talking to or making eye contact with strangers in order to protect their perceived sanity. <h2>Size and space struck me when I returned to the US</h2>Fresh out of COVID quarantine, I was visiting a friend in a New York City suburb, looking around their giant kitchen with its oversized fridge. I didn't even have to go outside to their huge lawn or the wooded roads surrounding the property to feel my energy expand into what was simply more space per person. This is also when I spotted an enormous orange pepper on the kitchen counter that looked like a mutant interloper. Was this actually food? Was it a pepper crossed with some kind of alien Godzilla? It was so big that I took a picture. I spent the rest of the day laughing at its size. In keeping with the <keyword id="20075613" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="American" source="keywords">American</keyword> freewheeling mentality, expansive personal space, and a business mindset that allows for growth and experimentation, the pepper, as well as other fruits, vegetables, and even portions, in the US are typically bigger. In the UK, the small peppers fit into small houses, and the food was closer to its natural form. Their relatively closed mindset of "we've always done it this way" actually kept their food closer to the source. However, we'll see how big their peppers get in the years ahead. The pandemic gave me time to reflect on a lot of things <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/things-brit-in-new-york-city-misses-about-england-manchester-2024-1">I missed about the UK</a> — the <keyword id="20050314" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Health-Service" source="keywords">National Health Service</keyword>, the intelligent level of public discourse, and the newscasters without plastic hair. There was also the quiet dignity of the seemingly closed people who would keep you out of their inner circle until, finally, they let you in in a grounded, loyal way. In contrast, folks in the US often unravel their whole life story to me while standing in the Target checkout line. <h2>But I never quite fit in while living in the UK</h2>In the UK, I always felt like an outsider in some ways, especially when doing things like playing Trivial Pursuit. No matter how long I lived there, I never got most of the cultural references, because it's not where I'd grown up. I'm glad now that in the US I don't have to explain to anyone of my generation what <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/best-kind-of-candy-corn-to-buy-reviewed-photos-2021-10">candy corn</a> is or who <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvAtG3T2NDY">Magilla Gorilla</a>, a 1960s cartoon, is. Still, I'm torn between the American expectation of excellence which can be over-the-top and relentless, and the British tendency to accept mediocrity, brush problems under the carpet, and sometimes have a more peaceful life as a result. When <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/american-gen-zer-moved-to-london-wouldnt-recommend-to-everyone-2024-5">I first came to the UK</a>, I waited tables at a tourist-trap restaurant where the food was overpriced and microwaved rubbish. When I went to the table and asked about the meal, almost every British customer replied, "It was lovely," in a shy, sheepish way. Years later, my British ex-boyfriend, who held a high-level management position and told people what to do all day at work, used to get embarrassed when I asked restaurant staff to please wipe the table because it was dirty. As an American I'd grown up feeling entitled to a clean table when paying for service in a restaurant. Now, I cringe when I see Americans in restaurants demanding a free meal because their drinks arrive five minutes late. Four years after <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mistakes-moving-to-america-from-uk-2023-11">moving back to the US</a>, I'm grateful for the personal space, the "yes!" mentality, and the abundance of nature. But I do miss the cultivated hedgerows of the UK and the quiet, more reserved style of its people. And no matter how much affinity I felt with the land there, there is also some knowing and grounding with the land here, which feels like it cannot be replicated anywhere else. Perhaps because this is where I was originally rooted. July 4, 2024 — This story has been updated to remove mention of peppers in the US being massive due to the genetic engineering of crops. Got a <keyword id="22368221" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="personal-essay" source="keywords">personal essay</keyword> about <keyword id="21389910" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="relocating" source="keywords">relocating</keyword> that you want to share? Get in touch with the editor: <a target="_blank" href="mailto:akarplus@businessinsider.com">akarplus@businessinsider.com</a>.

I moved back to the US after 25 years in the UK. People abroad were more polite than Americans, but I never quite fit in there.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The director of the Office of Dietary Supplements doesn't take daily supplements.</li><li>He prioritizes getting enough nutrients by eating a healthy diet, but this isn't always possible.</li></ul>The US' top supplement expert doesn't typically take any himself.Stefan Pasiakos is the director of the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health, a federal body that assesses the latest <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vitamins-dietary-supplements-not-worth-buying-dietitians-2023-7">scientific evidence on supplements</a> to strengthen public understanding. He told Business Insider he's not anti-supplement, but takes a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/supplement-expert-doesnt-take-supplements-eats-vegan-2023-11">food-first approach</a> to his health."I do feel that my diet provides an adequate amount of the important nutrients in order to meet requirements and maintain my health. So I don't see a need right now for dietary supplements," Pasiakos said.He supports taking supplements if there's a biological need and an individual isn't meeting that requirement with food, or there's strong evidence for a potential health effect. For instance, people who don't eat animal products are generally advised to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/b12-vegan-vegetarian-diet-algae-supplements-2023-7">take vitamin B12</a>. But, the most important thing, he said, is that a person meets the dietary guidelines for macronutrients (protein, fat, and carbs) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) by following a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/foods-live-10-years-longer-longevity-diet-study-2023-11">healthy diet</a>, which he is able to do most of the time.However, when Pasiakos is very busy and knows his diet will suffer, he leans on three supplements to ensure he's getting all the nutrients his body needs."I know life is challenging and there are plenty of times, especially with my current position where I'm traveling all the time and I know full well that my diet won't be adequate," he said.<h2 id="b0db2d91-08b6-49b8-9d58-3932f9402410">Multivitamin and mineral supplement</h2>When he's traveling, Pasiakos knows that he won't eat enough fruits and vegetables, so he occasionally takes a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/multivitamins-for-memory-older-adults-benefit-2023-10">multivitamin and mineral supplement</a> to fill in the gaps. "I want to make sure that I meet those important nutrient requirements," he said.Taking a multivitamin increases the amount of nutrients a person gets, but the jury is still out on whether it can provide other health benefits.A 2022 study by researchers at Columbia University and Brigham and Women's Hospital found that taking a multivitamin daily for three years appeared to improve older adults' cognition and memory.Meanwhile, a review of studies published in the same year by the US Preventive Services Task Force found no evidence that multivitamins prevent cardiovascular disease or cancer.And earlier this year, researchers at the National Cancer Institute looked at data on 390,124 American adults and found no evidence that multivitamins <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/invest-day-exercise-boost-longevity-aging-expert-physiologist-2024-8">boosted longevity</a>.However, there's no strong evidence to suggest that they are harmful, and it's not uncommon for people to take them as a sort of nutritional insurance.<div type="image" title="vitamin supplements" height="600" width="800" msid="113633035" hostid="261" sizebytes="27596"></div><h2 id="b0da2010-1d2f-412f-9dbe-e6551c1eb16c">Fiber supplement</h2>Pasiakos sometimes takes a fiber supplement, such as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-fast-psyllium-husk-works-immediate-impact-effect-gut-2023-12">psyllium husk</a> or inulin, when he's traveling.Fiber, which is found in plant foods, feeds the "good" microbes in the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gut-health-boost-overall-digestion-better-moods-2024-7">gut microbiome</a>, the trillions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that live in the colon lining. These microscopic creatures influence overall health and are thought to impact everything from how well you can fight off a cold to your mood. Fiber is also essential for smooth digestion.Taking fiber supplements, however, isn't the same as getting it from food sources as they don't contain the vitamins, minerals and other nutrients that fiber-rich foods do, according to Mayo Clinic. But they can be helpful for people struggling to consume enough.Fiber supplements can cause bloating and gas, at least at first, and people with stomach problems should talk to a healthcare professional before taking them, according to the clinic.<h2 id="05a37070-a86a-4f9f-86d6-60652be26261">Protein supplement</h2>Exercise is very important to Pasiakos and he likes to consume some protein after a workout because the amino acids stimulate muscle repair and recovery, he said.His preference would be to have a<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/high-protein-recipes-for-fat-loss-personal-trainer-dietitian-2024-1"> high-protein meal</a>, but when his schedule makes that impossible, he'll take a supplement."If I know that I'll have a long space or duration between meals or if I know I don't have access to food in and around the exercise session, I'll make sure that I have some form of supplemental protein available for me," he said.He's not picky about the type of protein supplement and said that whey protein, pea protein, plant protein, and even a glass of milk will suffice. "They're all good," he said.

The US' top supplement expert takes 3 —but only when he's busy. They boost his health and help him recover post-workout.

Doctors in India are grappling to diagnose and treat unexplained and persistent symptoms of <keyword id="9814327" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="long-covid" source="Orion">long Covid</keyword> patients due to limited guidelines, whereas researchers have flagged inadequate studies on the condition. With the <keyword id="19896311" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="world-health-organization" source="keywords">World Health Organization</keyword> declaring an end to <keyword id="19896627" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid" source="keywords">Covid</keyword> as a global <keyword id="416511" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="health-emergency" source="Orion">health emergency</keyword> in May last year, focused efforts are underway around the world to estimate the burden of long Covid among the population. The condition refers to the set of lingering symptoms affecting varied body parts and persisting well beyond the acute Covid infection period, including cough, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, brain fog and difficulty in focusing. The viral disease is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. While studies have suggested that about a third of those moderately or severely infected are likely to suffer from long Covid, region-wise though, incidence could vary. A study by researchers, including those from <keyword id="19988007" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="harvard-medical-school" source="keywords">Harvard Medical School</keyword>, US, estimated that 31 % of the once-infected people in North America, 44% in Europe, and 51% in Asia, have long Covid, which is "challenging the healthcare system, but there are limited guidelines for its treatment". It was published in the International Journal of Infectious Diseases in September. In India, however, studies on long Covid are few and far between. One such study by Maulana Azad Medical College in New Delhi, conducted from May 2022 to March 2023 on 553 patients who had recovered from Covid, found that about 45% had lingering symptoms, persistent fatigue and dry cough being the most common. "There is limited exploratory research on the long Covid syndrome with scarce data on long-term outcomes," the authors wrote in the study published in the journal Cureus in May this year. Understanding the long-term effects of the virus is important for developing management strategies, optimising healthcare delivery, and providing support to recovered Covid patients in the community, they said. Dr Rajesh Sagar, Professor of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, said, "Looking at the current state of long Covid studies in India, it is too premature to say that we understand the condition well enough to know how to diagnose or treat it." Animesh Samanta, assistant professor at School of Natural Sciences in <keyword id="19897094" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="shiv-nadar-university" source="keywords">Shiv Nadar University</keyword>, Greater Noida, said, "While studies in India highlight the growing recognition of neurological complications in long Covid patients, more focused research on neuroinflammation is needed." Doctors, too, have reported a rise in patients complaining of symptoms that they did not have pre-Covid. "People who never had <keyword id="6465125" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="asthma" source="Orion">asthma</keyword> in the past, post-Covid, with every viral infection, they get a long cough, shortness of breath and wheezing, which require the use of <keyword id="31257" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="inhalers" source="Orion">inhalers</keyword> or nebuliser," senior consultant Dr Neetu Jain, who runs a post-Covid care clinic at Pushpawati Singhania Hospital and Research Institute, New Delhi, said. Dr Arun Garg, chairman, Neurology and Neurosciences, Medanta-The Medicity, Gurugram, said he was noticing a spike in stroke cases among young patients not suffering from known risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension and obesity. "Similarly, we are seeing more cases of encephalopathy (swelling of the brain) without reason and having a confused state of mind following one or two days of fever. Their MRI scans show no changes. These patients have increased significantly after Covid," he said. In the absence of medical guidelines to diagnose long Covid, doctors are having to resort to broad, non-specific tests and questionnaires to gauge a patient's 'quality of life'. Studies have shown that the fatigue experienced in long Covid is similar to that in cancer patients, with a quality of life similar to patients of Parkinson's disease. "We really do not have any test to diagnose long Covid, even though it is definitely a clinical diagnosis. We diagnose long Covid for people who had at least moderate to severe infection, following which they could never regain the quality of life pre-Covid. Checking for inflammatory markers like C-reactive proteins (CRP) can support the diagnosis," Dr Jain said. "Other than routine blood tests that measure inflammation, we do antibody tests to look for direct markers. In many of these patients, we are finding rare antibodies which are very new to us and were not there pre-Covid," Dr Garg said. Inflammation persisting despite recovery from acute Covid infection is thought to lie at the heart of long Covid. However, tests to measure this specific immune response are lacking, even as researchers have been working in this direction worldwide. One such effort comes from Shiv Nadar University, where a team led by Samanta has developed a fluorescent probe capable of detecting inflammation in brain cells that can arise due to Covid infection. The probe measures nitric oxide levels in brain cells, especially in human microglia cells, where increased NO levels are linked to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Microglia are immune cells in the brain that fight disease and help maintain brain health. Lysosomes within microglia, which help clear foreign disease-causing agents like the SARS-CoV-2 virus, produce nitric oxide as part of an immune response to infection. The probe detects nitric oxide produced in lysosomes in response to infection and thereby allows for a measurement of inflammation levels. This examination method can provide "qualitative information on infection status", said Samanta, corresponding author on the study published in the journal Analytical Chemistry in American Chemical Society. He explained that patients with pre-existing conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or multiple sclerosis (an autoimmune disorder) could exhibit prolonged neuroinflammation and loss of brain cells following Covid infection. While the probe has shown efficacy in cell cultures, animal studies would need to be done, before testing it in humans, Samanta said. Looking at the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the study by Harvard Medical School had found that 587 clinical studies were conducted on long Covid, of which about 53% (312) were testing potential treatments. Most of these were found to be conducted in the US (58), followed by India (55) and Spain (20). The trials looked at interventions including physical exercise, psychotherapy, and pharmacological ones such as paxlovid and fluvoxamine. However, "to date, only 11 of these 312 studies have published their results that were not confirmative," the researchers wrote. The team called for studies to look into sleep disorders which were rarely included in the registered clinical studies. Further, interventions targeting the biological processes responsible for long Covid are needed but currently lacking, they said.

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