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This article was reported in partnership with Type Investigations.On June 14, 2016, several agents with Immigration and Customs Enforcement loaded a van with 2,000 pounds of marijuana, drove it to a busy shopping center in Chula Vista, California, and parked it outside of a Starbucks. There, an undercover agent, Special Agent Ronaldo Gonzalez, had a plan to make a sale.When the intended buyers, members of a known drug-trafficking organization, fell through, a contact helped him find another last-minute option, according to court documents. First, the contact showed up with two unknown potential buyers, whom Gonzalez later described as "kids," then two more young people appeared.As Gonzalez opened the van's door to get out some product, he heard a commotion and spun around. He later told the Chula Vista police that he saw one of the young people, later identified as Fernando Llanez, 22, aiming a black-and-yellow weapon his way. Within 10 seconds Gonzalez had shot Llanez four times, killing him.The fourth and fatal bullet, according to an excerpt of the autopsy cited in the complaint, entered Llanez's back, after he had already collapsed, face down, on the asphalt, and lodged in his tongue.Llanez's weapon turned out to be a Taser.<div type="image" title="An autopsy report, cited in a court record, reads in part, &quot;A gunshot entrance would is located on the right mid back&quot;" height="754" width="1508" msid="112467473" hostid="261" sizebytes="164436"></div>"They were just a bunch of kids," said Jorge Hernandez, an attorney who represented the Llanez family. "This guy wasn't in uniform. The kid that got shot never knew he was a cop. Never flashed a badge. Never disclosed. Nothing."The young people Gonzalez approached weren't the target of the sting operation, according to a civil complaint Hernandez later filed. Once a situation becomes unpredictable, Hernandez said, agents typically call a sting off. But in this case, he said, "they never called it, so it escalated."So much could have gone differently that day in Chula Vista. Gonzalez could have identified himself as a law-enforcement officer. Or he could have tried to de-escalate the situation. But the Llanez family never learned whether Gonzalez had followed ICE training protocols, because the way ICE agents are trained has been largely hidden from the public.Miguel Alvarez, an ICE spokesperson, said the agency does not comment on investigations or litigation.<div type="image" title="An excerpt of a civil complaint that reads in part &quot;LLANEZ dies without ever knowing he had been shot by an officer&quot;" height="754" width="1324" msid="112467480" hostid="261" sizebytes="91174"></div>A <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/immigration-customs-enforcement-ice-agents-deadly-force-shootings-2024-8">joint investigation</a> by Business Insider, The Trace, and Type Investigations identified Llanez as one of 23 people killed by ICE officers from 2015 to 2021, with dozens more injured.The Department of Homeland Security requires its member agencies, including ICE, to minimize the risk of injury and risk to the public, and its amended 2023 use-of-force policy requires officers to be proficient in de-escalation tactics. But ICE has never explained publicly how it prepares agents before sending them in the field.For years, civil-rights groups have sought to obtain, with limited success, complete ICE training documents to understand how that training affects use of force by agents in the field. Business Insider and Type Investigations have now obtained hundreds of pages of previously unreported ICE training materials, including PowerPoint presentations, lesson plans, quizzes and answer sheets, and transcripts of multimedia presentations. None of the training documents we obtained address how to de-escalate tense or dangerous situations and avoid the use of force.Though the materials may have since been updated — they are dated from 2006 to 2011, and ICE revised its training program in 2015 and 2022 — and do not represent a complete training curriculum, they offer the first in-depth look at training that shaped a generation of ICE agents, including Gonzalez, who was hired in 2006. Read more:<a target="_blank" rel="" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/immigration-customs-enforcement-ice-agents-deadly-force-shootings-2024-8">Armed and untouchable: ICE's history of deadly force</a> We couldn't find any guidance requiring immigration agents to identify themselves to suspects before using deadly force. And they also appear to place an emphasis on teaching ICE agents how to justify the use of force.Ivón Padilla-Rodríguez, a professor of history at the University of Illinois Chicago who studies child migration and labor trafficking, said that the public has a stake in how immigration agents are trained. "They operate with a lot of impunity and a lot of discretion," she said, "and that ends up in the death of immigrants."Alvarez, the ICE spokesperson, said by email that the agency's officers "are committed to protecting the homeland with the utmost integrity" and its leaders "reinforce standards of ethical and responsible conduct to further build and maintain public trust."<h2>'Deadly force can be initiated immediately'</h2>Most ICE officers are trained at sites in Charleston, South Carolina, or Glynco, Georgia, run by the Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers, a division of the Department of Homeland Security. There, FLETC offers aspiring agents <a target="_blank" href="https://www.fletc.gov/uniformed-police-training-program">basic law-enforcement training</a>, which includes use-of-force training, from how to respond to threats to writing up incident reports; firearms training such as proper handgun and rifle use, shooting positions, and live-fire cover; and legal training, covering rules of evidence, officer liability, and courtroom testimony.Among the most important lessons ICE agents receive is when and how to use deadly force.We found no lessons teaching strategies for de-escalation. To the contrary, some lessons appeared to encourage the agents to use force quickly and decisively.One publicly available use-of-force <a target="_blank" href="https://www.fletc.gov/sites/default/files/2016%20UOF%20Podcasts.pdf">training document</a>, from 2016, said it was a myth that use of deadly force could be used only as a last resort, regardless of agency policy. "Objective reasonableness is the law; not policy," the document reads. "Using the minimal force, exhausting all lesser means of force, or always giving a warning could create an unnecessary risk for the officer."<div type="image" title="A section of an ICE agent training document features a photo of a man in uniform firing a weapon at another person. The text reads in part &quot;Using the minimal force, exhausting all lesser means of force, or always giving a warning could create an unnecessary risk for the officer.&quot;" height="678" width="1033" msid="112467475" hostid="261" sizebytes="68838"></div>This is exactly what attorneys for Special Agent Gonzalez argued in court, when the Llanez family filed suit. "It is well settled that an officer's use of deadly force is reasonable where he had probable cause to believe that the suspect posed an immediate and serious threat to his safety or the safety of others," the motion to dismiss reads. It was an argument that persuaded a federal judge, who dismissed the case. (Gonzalez didn't face criminal charges either, Hernandez, the family's attorney, said, though Alvarez, the ICE spokesperson, declined to confirm that. Gonzalez's lawyers at the Department of Justice declined to comment.)Citizens have the right to bear arms, the lesson goes on to say, but if an officer orders someone to put down their weapon and that order isn't followed, officers "are not required to wait for someone to take a bead on them."Among the documents we obtained is a lengthy set of quizzes, including more than 100 multiple-choice questions, with answer keys. Only one set of five questions deals with use of force. One of the questions asks which steps an officer must take before initiating deadly force; the answer is "None, deadly force can be initiated immediately."Alvarez, the ICE spokesperson, disputed these findings, saying officers and agents are "trained to only use force as a last resort when objectively reasonable and necessary, and to leverage de-escalation tactics." He said ICE officers are regularly retrained, and any violation of policy is investigated thoroughly. ICE's basic training program, he said, added more emphasis on de-escalation in 2022.FLETC did not respond to detailed queries about how ICE agents are trained.<div type="image" title="An excerpt from an ICE agent training document that reads in part &quot;None, deadly force can be initiated immediately&quot;" height="754" width="1475" msid="112467478" hostid="261" sizebytes="64934"></div>As early as 2006, just three years after DHS was established, a basic-training instructor named John Bostain wrote in the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.fletc.gov/sites/default/files/archives/2006-Fall-FLETC-Journal.pdf">FLETC trade journal</a> that officers should be "proactive rather than reactive in their application of force."Jim Trainum, who worked with the Metropolitan Police Department in Washington, DC, for 27 years and now offers criminal-case review, including on cases involving the use of force by federal officers, says that emphasis is not uncommon in law enforcement. "A lot of the training gives you excuses and justification for using force," he said.A 2016 shooting in Laurel, Mississippi, shows how this kind of training can play out in the field, and in the aftermath.During a traffic stop, the local police called ICE agents to assist with translation. But one of the agents, Phillip Causey, ended up shooting a man, Gabino Ramos Hernandez, who wasn't even the subject of the stop. Ramos, an unauthorized immigrant, bolted once the ICE agents arrived, but then turned around to turn himself in, holding one hand up while he held up his pants with the other.Causey told the court he opened fire because he suspected Ramos was reaching into his pants to retrieve a weapon.<div type="image" title="An excerpt from a court deposition that reads in part, &quot;A. Sir, we don't fire warning shots. Q. You were shooting to kill.&quot;" height="761" width="878" msid="112467470" hostid="261" sizebytes="30750"></div>Four years later, on a humid, 91-degree summer day, Ramos' lawyer, Timothy Cerniglia, met Causey at a federal courthouse for his deposition."At the time that you discharged your weapon, you weren't trying to fire a warning shot, were you?" Cerniglia asked."Sir, we don't fire warning shots," Causey replied."You were shooting to kill," Cerniglia said."That's what we're taught to do," Causey said.A judge dismissed the case Cerniglia brought for failing to show that Causey had violated Ramos' rights; the ruling is now being appealed. Though the Mississippi Bureau of Investigation, which investigated the shooting, brought charges to a grand jury, the jury chose not to indict. None of Causey's lawyers at the Department of Justice responded to requests for comment.Alvarez, the ICE spokesperson, said ICE officers and agents are not trained to shoot to kill, but are trained to use deadly force only to stop whatever threatening behavior they face.<h2>Evading accountability</h2>The training documents we obtained appeared to focus more attention on evading accountability for use-of-force incidents than on how to avoid firing a weapon in the first place. They detail the factors courts consider when deciding whether use of force by a law-enforcement officer is justified and explain how agents should describe what they do in the field to survive legal scrutiny."Good fact articulation helps the court make an objective decision," one publicly available <a target="_blank" href="https://www.fletc.gov/use-force-part-i#:~:text=Good%20fact%20articulation%20helps%20the,decision%20based%20on%20mere%20conclusions.">lesson</a> reads. "With facts, the court can visualize what happened. Facts 'paint the picture.'"One sample <a target="_blank" href="https://www.fletc.gov/sites/default/files/UOF%20Test%20-%20Podcast%20Transcript.pdf">quiz</a> led by an instructor in FLETC's legal division, called "Use of Force Test: Do You Know How You'll be Judged?" focuses on how a court might view an agent's remarks. Another quiz, on fugitive operations, asks students which legal standard allows for people to sue ICE for damages over violations of the Fourth Amendment, which prohibits unreasonable search and seizure. The transcript of a training lesson on officer liability outlines legal paths people can pursue to sue law-enforcement agents for misuse of power, wrongful use of force, or other forms of misconduct. "We'll distinguish the different types of lawsuits, or civil actions, a law-enforcement officer could face," a senior legal instructor says, "and we'll also discuss how to get out from under those lawsuits.""They're being taught what words to say to get around the letter of the law or circumvent the spirit of the law," Trainum said. "I'm setting up the stage to tell a court I did what I had to."On a December 2018 podcast called "Careers at ICE," produced by the agency for people interested in becoming an immigration officer, features a deportation officer named Christian Rodriguez. "Ninety percent of our job is being able to articulate the reasons as to why we do what we do," he says. "If I train anybody, I say, 'Chances are you're not going to get in trouble for what you do out in the field. You will get in trouble for your inability to articulate why you did what you did.'"A scenario-based lesson called Team Tactics, dated 2007, guides agents on how to operate around the constraints of administrative warrants. In it, instructors teach ICE trainees how to extract consent to enter private property."Stress verbal techniques that may be employed to coax the target out of the residence," the notes read. When hoping to enter a place of business, they say, "Students should apply verbal techniques, with the intent of having the manager grant consent."The lesson includes discussion of how a "hot-pursuit scenario" may allow officers to engage in a warrantless search or arrest. "Stress the factors the court will consider in determining exigency to justify a warrant less search," the instructor notes read.Including Causey, we identified seven ICE officers or agents named as defendants in lawsuits alleging misconduct over their use of firearms. One case was settled without admission of wrongdoing. Another case is still underway.Every other suit was dismissed.

Exclusive ICE training documents encourage quick, decisive use of deadly force, say little about de-escalation

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla">Tesla</a> driver said Autopilot mistook train tracks for a road outside Sacramento.</li><li>Local police shared a post on Facebook urging Tesla drivers to stay "vigilant" when using Autopilot.</li></ul><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-owner">A Tesla owner</a> says he ended up in the middle of an active train track after Autopilot mistook it for a road, a California police department said in a warning to other drivers.The alleged incident happened outside Sacramento. Police didn't share the driver's name or the condition of the car.Woodland Police Department in California <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/WoodlandPD/posts/776325431337581?ref=embed_post">issued the warning</a> on Wednesday in a Facebook post reminding Tesla drivers to stay "vigilant while using Tesla's Autopilot feature."In the warning, police said the driver had given them a statement that his car had driven onto the tracks when Autopilot was engaged. The police said they hadn't verified what happened and that they were still investigating.The post included a list of reminders for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-fsd">Tesla drivers using Autopilot,</a> including to stay alert and keep their hands on the wheel. The police also said to regularly check surroundings in self-driving mode and noted that Autopilot is "not a replacement for attentive driving."Woodland Police Department did not immediately respond to a request for comment from BI.The reported California incident is the second in two months with drivers saying a Tesla in Autopilot mistakingly drove onto railway tracks. The last incident occurred on May 8 and almost resulted in a freight train crash, the driver said, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/tesla-owner-says-cars-self-driving-mode-fsd-train-crash-video-rcna153345">according</a> to a report from NBC.A video of the incident showed the vehicle driving down a foggy road toward a moving freight train and swerving right before it collided. The driver told NBC he took responsibility and said he had become complacent with the technology, the report said.Tesla <a target="_blank" href="https://www.tesla.com/ownersmanual/model3/en_us/GUID-101D1BF5-52D2-469A-A57D-E7230BBEE94B.html">describes Autopilot</a> as a set of advanced driver-assistance features meant "to make driving safer and less stressful," according to its website. It notes that none of the features make the vehicle "fully autonomous or replace" the driver.For years, Elon Musk has been saying that self-driving cars are imminent and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-crash-elon-musk-autopilot-safety-data-flaws-experts-nhtsa-2021-4">once said Tesla Autopilot</a> is 10 times less likely to crash than the average car.But the transition hasn't been as seamless as Musk has suggested. Tesla <a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-recalls-2-million-cars-as-regulators-say-autopilot-insufficent-2023-12">recalled over 2 million vehicles in December due to concerns over Autopilot</a>. And the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration identified in an April <a target="_blank" href="https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/inv/2022/INCR-EA22002-14496.pdf">report</a> more than 200 front-end crashes when Autopilot was engaged, 13 of which it said were fatal.Tesla did not return a request for comment.

A driver says his Tesla drove onto active train tracks after Autopilot mistook them for a road

<ul class="summary-list"><li>So-called "torture pits" were dug at Russian military training grounds to punish troops, a report said.</li><li>A former soldier told Important Stories and the Conflict Intelligence Team that misbehaving troops were put in pits for up to a week. </li></ul>So-called "torture pits" in the ground allegedly exist at two Russian military training grounds to punish rule-breaking troops, according to a report by independent Russian news outlet Important Stories and the Conflict Intelligence Team, an open-source investigative group. The investigative <a href="https://istories.media/en/stories/2023/10/24/into-the-pit/?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=eng">report</a>, published on Tuesday, cites ex-trainees at the Prudboy military training camp in the Volgograd Oblast and the Totsky military training ground in the Orenburg Oblast.The Russian government did not immediately respond to Insider's request for comment on the report on Wednesday. A deserted soldier who trained at Prudboy this year and was identified in the report by the pseudonym "Sergei" told IStories and CIT that he knew of several misbehaving soldiers — mostly those who were in trouble for drinking alcohol — who were put in the pits. They were beaten by military police, kept in the pits for up to a week, and had food brought to them only once a day, Sergei said, who noted that he saw two pits at Prudboy, according to the report. "People who came back from there didn't mess around anymore, they were afraid of everything," said Sergei, according to the report. The report added that satellite imagery, which it published, confirmed the existence of the alleged pits. The images show two dark holes in the earth not far from the training grounds that were dug between April and August 2023.The former soldier told IStories and CIT that one recruit died at the training ground after he was put in a pit. IStories and CIT said it could not independently verify this incident. Sergei arrived at the training ground in June and when he got there he said, "I saw what a mess was going on around me: classes were held for show, phones were seized, and those who were outraged were put in the 'pits' together with alcoholics and junkies, and I decided to run away."The report said that Sergei not only left the Prudboy training ground, but also the country. He says he tried multiple times to quit, but that commanders threatened violence and threatened to put him in a pit without food or water. Another former soldier by the pseudonym Viktor who was at the Totsky military training ground this year said that the "most rowdy" troops were threatened to be "sent in the pit" there, but that he never saw the alleged holes. British <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russians-imprison-own-troops-dirt-holes-zindan-punishment-uk-intel-2023-5">intelligence said in May of this year that Russian military commanders were disciplining soldiers</a> by imprisoning them in holes in the ground covered by metal grilles. Those pits, called "zindans," were being used to detain soldiers for misdemeanors, including drunkenness and attempting to terminate their contracts, the UK's Ministry of Defense said in an intelligence update at the time.

Misbehaving Russian troops were tossed in 'pits' at military training grounds for up to a week at a time, a deserted soldier says

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Javier R. Quiroz Castro came to the US when he was three and applied for DACA when he was 22.</li><li>Quiroz is now able to work as a nurse after studying nursing in college.</li></ul>Javier R. Quiroz Castro is a beneficiary of DACA, or Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, a policy introduced by the Obama administration in 2012 that grants relief from deportation to undocumented immigrants brought to the country as children.This as-told-to essay is based on a transcribed conversation with Quiroz, 32, from near Houston, Texas, about pursuing a nursing career in the US. The following has been edited for length and clarity.My parents come from a small, poor town in Mexico. They didn't see a future for me there and knew other people who moved to the US in search of a better life, so they decided to do the same.We <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-and-uk-life-biggest-differences-after-moving-home-space-2024-7">came to the US</a> when I was three years old. We settled in Nashville because my parents had contacts there.We were undocumented, but I didn't know it at the time.Growing up, my parents and I had to work very hard to earn a living, and we were always fearful of deportation. In 2013, at 22, I applied for DACA — <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/daca-recipient-jaime-avalos-juarez-mexico-immigration-ice-2023-2">deferred action for childhood arrivals</a> — and was given a work authorization card, enabling me to pursue a career in nursing.I'm grateful for the opportunity I've been given to work in the US, but in a society where Dreamers — a term for people protected under <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/desantis-wants-to-eliminate-college-tuition-for-undocumented-students-2023-4">DACA</a> — are used as political pawns, I think more needs to be done for others like me.<h2 id="aec4587a-a880-46af-ac14-6c1815e132ce">Our family hustled hard in the US</h2>After arriving in the US, my dad got a job in construction, which involved hard labor, hot summers, and crazy winters. My mum cleaned homes and offices. Neither of them knew English, but they were very resourceful.We started from the bottom. I remember sharing apartments with other families, sleeping on the floor, and roaches. Then, my parents scraped up enough money to get into a trailer home where I grew up.I had a childhood with playtime but also a lot of work time. When I wasn't in school, I helped my mum with food and cleaning.I didn't know we were undocumented or what that meant until my parents told me when I was around 10 years old. As I grew up, I wondered why my parents had to work so hard and noticed we always had less than other people. I didn't understand why we always had to hide from the police.I went to kindergarten without knowing English, so I took language classes to catch up. In our household, I was always reading the bills and letters. I also took care of my three little brothers.My parents didn't have <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/credit-score/can-you-change-social-security-number">Social Security numbers</a> or credit lines, so they always paid in cash. Eventually, they did get driver's licenses, but they were always fearful they wouldn't be able to renew them.We weren't able to travel back to Mexico when some of our family members died. For a long time, we didn't even go on trips out of Nashville because of fear of the law. We were always looking over our shoulders.Over the years, my parents have hustled to live the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/american-dream-immigrants-made-a-fortune-in-the-us-2014-2">American dream</a>.<h2 id="84fbc695-974b-4b9c-9294-b69df27bac1a">I wanted to become a nurse but struggled to get into college</h2>Since I grew up taking care of the family, I always had a nurturing attitude, and wanted to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-neurosurgeon-mom-demanding-job-parenting-2024-6">work in medicine</a>.I didn't have a Social Security number meaning I couldn't apply for government assistance. My parents told me that if I were accepted into a college, they'd help me pay for it using their savings.I applied to six colleges, hoping one would give me a chance, but I was either told I couldn't be accepted because I had no documentation or that I'd have to pay international fees to attend.I found a private Christian university that accepted me into its nursing school through a local youth program. I paid my fees monthly in cash, but there were still challenges. It was even hard to get training experience at local hospitals because I didn't have an ID or Social Security number they could use to run background checks on me.<h2 id="e4104530-d2ca-49a5-9877-59958ff4b563">I applied for DACA, which opened doors for me to work legally in the US</h2>A year before I graduated from nursing school, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/daca-dreamers-homeland-security-information-2017-9">President Obama announced DACA</a>.I remember hearing the President was going to give me the chance to work and live <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/refugee-somalia-american-dream-trucker-trucking-long-haul-buying-house-2023-3">the American dream</a> without fear of deportation. For a long time, I felt alone and like I didn't have options. He opened a door for us, and I'll forever be grateful.I applied for deferred action in 2013. I remember getting fingerprint and background checks done as part of the process, trusting the government with my information because they said they were going to protect me. It took six to eight months from my initial meeting with a lawyer to receiving my work authorization card in the mail.I got my nursing degree and license and moved to Houston with my wife, a US citizen, and also a nurse. We have two kids and a house in on the outskirts of Houston. We both currently work at a hospital in the city. I need to submit DACA renewals every two years, which means I can only plan my life in two-year increments.I want to become a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-i-became-us-citizen-through-naturalization-h1b-visa-2020-6">US citizen</a> and hope to obtain legal status in the US through the Biden administration's announcement that some spouses of US citizens can apply for status without leaving the country first.The traditional process requires me to leave the country and separate from my family, which is something I never wanted to do. There's the risk of something going wrong and not being allowed back in.<h2 id="f0b95fd9-cffa-4bec-9427-450e61480f5f">I live in a red state and want to advocate for others who haven't received DACA</h2>I'm one of the lucky ones who has benefited from DACA, but I know there are many others who haven't benefited. When I became a DACA recipient, I wanted to prove Obama right and prove that Dreamers aren't bad people.I was invited to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/DCPD-202400534/">introduce President Joe Biden</a> at an event in June 2024 to mark the 12th anniversary of DACA. Biden announced an executive order to help the spouses of US citizens obtain legal status. It was surreal. My wife and I met the President, who thanked us for our service as nurses. It was emotional to represent my people at the event and watch the President introduce an executive order for their benefit.When the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-daca-reactions-backlash-2017-9">Trump administration tried to take DACA away</a>, I fought hard to represent others in my community. I worked in nursing through the pandemic under the Trump administration and treated Trump supporters — I know that because I see the red hat in the corner.I've only lived in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-democrats-can-win-big-in-red-states-in-2024-2023-11">red states</a> and have friends on both sides of the political spectrum. When immigration comes up in conversation, some tell me they are OK with me but not with the people at the border. I remind them that my parents and I were once in that situation.No matter what administration is in power, I think <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/daca-success-why-people-should-look-beyond-narratives-like-mine-2021-1">Dreamers</a> are used as political pawns. We feel forgotten and only seen when elections come. These protections are a small step in the right direction, but much more needs to be done.The US needs good people who work hard, and that's what a lot of my people want to do. We're here to work and contribute to the economy.

I grew up undocumented in a red state. I now have my dream career after receiving DACA — but my childhood was full of fear.  

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Policing experts said if officers in Texas didn't engage the gunman, they were violating training. </li><li>Witnesses said parents begged officers to go into the elementary school while the gunman was inside.</li></ul>Experts on police training told Insider that if officers in <keyword id="14020623" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="uvalde" source="Orion">Uvalde</keyword>, Texas, delayed storming Robb Elementary School after a gunman entered the building, they would not have been following standard protocol. Onlookers at the school told the Associated Press and other <keyword id="11893589" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="news" source="Orion">news</keyword> outlets that <a href="https://apnews.com/article/uvalde-school-shooting-politics-texas-shootings-56a4d01fb1cda19947db89fcb6bd85fd">police didn't enter the building</a> for up to 45 minutes while the gunman was inside. Alex del Carmen, the associate dean of the school of criminal justice at Tarleton State University in Stephenville, Texas, told Insider that the "universally accepted standard is that when an active shooter shows up, what will happen is law enforcement will engage the suspect until he is neutralized." Del Carmen said police are usually trained to follow and engage a suspect until there is no longer a threat.Kalfani Turè, a policing expert and assistant professor of criminology at Mount Saint Mary's University in Maryland, agreed, telling Insider: "You've got to pursue.""That is the simple policy, no question," Turè said. "You have to enter the school and pursue the individual with high-power firearms to finality. This is a situation where you have to be a superhero."Turè said that while police officers are trained to preserve their own lives so they can continue to be helpful in an active situation, their "job is not only to preserve your life but to also preserve the life of others."The Uvalde Police Department did not respond to multiple requests for comment. Del Carmen added that when a shooter barricades himself inside a building, law-enforcement officers are taught to evacuate and call the SWAT team to negotiate with a suspect and hopefully reach a peaceful conclusion in which the suspect is taken into custody and no one is hurt.When the suspect is barricaded with hostages, "a tactical unit should respond, circle around the area, negotiate with the person, and hope a peaceful resolution will come about," del Carmen told Insider. <a href="https://www.insider.com/timeline-of-school-shooting-at-robb-elementary-in-uvalde-texas-2022-5"></a><a href="https://www.insider.com/timeline-of-school-shooting-at-robb-elementary-in-uvalde-texas-2022-5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Steve McCraw, the director of the Texas Department of Public Safety</a>, said that the gunman in Uvalde was barricaded inside a classroom with students and teachers for about 40 minutes before a US Border Patrol team entered the room and shot and killed him.McCraw said that a Uvalde school district officer approached the gunman outside the school, and <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/05/26/us/texas-elementary-school-shooting/two-police-officers-were-shot-in-an-early-confrontation-with-the-gunman?smid=url-share">the New York Times reported</a> that Texas law-enforcement officials told reporters at a Thursday press conference that two other officers exchanged fire with the suspect but were shot and had to fall back.Parents and bystanders at the scene, however, have said <a href="https://www.insider.com/onlookers-urged-police-to-charge-into-texas-school-2022-5">police delayed entering the building despite pleas to do so.</a>"They said they rushed in and all that, we didn't see that," Javier Cazares, whose 9-year-old daughter was killed in the shooting, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/05/26/us/texas-elementary-school-shooting/a-father-outside-the-school-says-officers-were-just-standing-out-there?smid=url-share">told the Times</a>. Ultimately, the gunman fatally shot 19 children and two teachers inside a classroom of the elementary school.Police <a href="https://www.insider.com/law-enforcement-havent-explained-texas-gunman-in-school-hour-2022-5">haven't explained why</a> it took 40 minutes to breach the classroom."If you have someone armed and shooting at victims, there is no 'let's pause and get backup,'" del Carmen told Insider.Del Carmen said that if a suspect presents a weapon, police officers are trained to shoot at the gunman's torso to neutralize their central nervous system, disarm them, and put them on the ground to mitigate the threat. "You have every legal and industry-standard backing to stop the threat," del Carmen said. "Unless there was something on the scene they perceived that would cause more harm to engage the suspect than to wait for backup, you should engage." "Our hope is that the training we render and give police officers becomes the norm and that in these situations, this becomes 'muscle memory,'" del Carmen said.

Police-training experts say if Uvalde police didn't storm the school, they weren't following standard protocol

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A passenger boarded an Amtrak train to Chicago on Sunday and fell asleep during the ride.</li><li>When she woke up, she discovered she was alone and trapped in the train car.</li></ul>Aria Lockhart boarded an Amtrak train around 3 a.m. out of Carbondale, Illinois, headed for Chicago on Sunday.When the Southern Illinois University student woke up 330 miles later, she found herself alone and trapped on the train, <a target="_blank" href="https://wgntv.com/news/college-student-claims-she-became-trapped-after-falling-asleep-on-amtrak-train/">Chicago's WGN</a> reported. The train had arrived at Chicago's Union Station and was backing into Amtrak's train yard when Lockhart woke up."I stood up, and I looked around, and the entire car was empty," Lockhart told the outlet. "I was terrified." Lockhart did not respond to Business Insider's request for comment.Lockhart called her mother, Victoria Jackson, who was waiting for her at the station, and Jackson called Amtrak.Jackson told WGN that Amtrak's customer service representatives didn't offer much help. They did inform her, however, that the train was being stationed in the yard for the day."If anyone was trapped on the train that would be some type of urgency, and I didn't see that," Jackson told WGN. Jackson did not respond to BI's request for comment.Eventually, Lockhart was able to leave the train car and the train yard. BI was unable to determine how long Lockhart was stuck in the train car.In a statement sent to WGN, an Amtrak representative said their team is reaching out to Lockhart to apologize and learn more about what happened. Amtrak did not respond to BI's request for comment."Who could be so careless to not double check the train?" Lockhart <a target="_blank" href="https://wgntv.com/news/college-student-claims-she-became-trapped-after-falling-asleep-on-amtrak-train/">asked WGN</a>.<h2>Last year, passengers were stuck on a train for more than 20 hours</h2>This isn't the first time passengers have been stuck on an Amtrak train, though in the past, it was with other passengers.Earlier this month, passengers were delayed for hours on an Amtrak route between Portland, Oregon, and Seattle due to extreme winter weather, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.kiro7.com/news/local/travelers-stuck-hours-after-freezing-weather-stops-train-miles-short-portland/XXLQYMWZGNFC7O2SDA63UAEDSU/">Seattle's KIRO</a> reported.And in January 2023, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amtrak-train-delay-passengers-stuck-for-hours-2023-1">Amtrak passengers were stuck on a train for more than 20 hours</a> on a ride from Virginia to Orlando.As BI previously reported, passengers first faced long delays after a freight train collided with a vehicle, which caused Amtrak to reroute its course.Then in South Carolina, the train's crew timed out, so passengers had to wait hours for a certified backup crew to staff the train. Passengers waited so long that they started calling the police.In a <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/SweeneyABC/status/1612995106704859137">video posted on X</a> at the time by ABC News journalist Sam Sweeney, a train conductor said over the loudspeaker: "For those of you that are calling the police, we are not holding you hostage. We are giving you all the information which we have. We are sorry about the inconvenience. As soon as more information is available, we will let you know shortly."Amtrak told BI at the time that those passengers were delayed about 20 hours, and during that time they received meals, snack packs, and beverages.Do you have a train travel nightmare to share? Business Insider would like to hear from you. Email mhumphries@businessinsider.com.

A student was trapped inside an empty Amtrak train after she fell asleep during the ride and missed her stop

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The DOJ has released the report of its investigation into the police handling of the Uvalde school shooting.</li><li>Hundreds of police officers and first responders failed to act quickly to confront the shooter. </li></ul>The <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uvalde-shooting-doj-report-feds-call-police-response-failure-2024-1">US Department of Justice's report into the Uvalde school shooting</a> is nearly 600 pages full of what the feds call "cascading failures" by police and first responders.But out of hundreds of officials who responded to the scene, according to the report, only a handful have faced any consequences so far.On Thursday, the DOJ released its long-awaited report summarizing its investigation into how police and other officials handled the May 24, 2022, Uvalde, Texas, school shooting that left 19 students and two teachers dead.Despite nearly 400 officers and first responders arriving on the scene, officers didn't take on the shooter until 77 minutes after he had entered the building because of a series of communication and leadership failures.The DOJ's scathing report details how officers hesitated to confront the shooter, violating training for how to handle active shootings.Here's a list of the agencies involved in the incident and what repercussions they faced — if any — for failing to save more lives that day.<h2>Uvalde Consolidated Independent School District Police Department</h2>The district's police chief, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uvalde-school-police-chief-fired-after-response-to-mass-shooting-2022-8">Pete Arredondo, was fired three months after the shooting</a>, over accusations that he failed to do his duty as commander of the scene.Two months later, the district police department <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uvalde-schools-suspends-entire-police-force-mass-shooting-2022-10">suspended all of its officers</a> after months of criticism for their handling of the deadly shooting.Two officers were put on administrative leave, while a third chose to retire. The district's other police officers were offered other jobs in the district, the schools said at the time.The DOJ report says the UCISD PD didn't do any internal investigations.<h2>Customs and Border Patrol</h2>A tactical team from the US CBP called BORTAC — which operates within 100 miles of the border, including Uvalde — was responsible for finally <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-bortac-law-enforcement-unit-killed-uvalde-school-gunman-2022-5">taking down the shooter, despite local police's warnings</a> to stay outside.The CBP's Office of Professional Responsibility typically waits for criminal investigations to be completed before starting its own administrative one.The Uvalde County District Attorney's investigation into possible charges hasn't finished as of January 2024, over a year since the shooting.After waiting 9 months for the District Attorney's local criminal investigation to wrap up, the CBP decided to start its own review anyway. No findings have been released.<h2>Uvalde County Sheriff's Office</h2>The county sheriff's office hasn't started an internal investigation, but the DOJ report says it's common practice for agencies to wait for a criminal investigation to be finished before starting their own administrative one.The DOJ report does say, however, that waiting to start an investigation slows the process down.<h2>Uvalde Police Department</h2>The Uvalde Police Department (UPD) launched its own internal investigation into the incident, which hasn't finished, according to the DOJ report.The UPD also coordinated with the Texas Department of Public Safety (TXDPS) on an independent, external investigation, sharing evidence like police body camera footage, with the TXDPS, according to the report.However, the TXDPS has not shared its data back with the City of Uvalde to help the UPD's internal investigation, the report says.Lt. Mariano Pargas — the acting UPD police chief at the time of the shooting — <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uvalde-police-chief-suspended-after-report-on-police-shooting-response-2022-7">was suspended</a> from his position a few months later while the city investigated if he had failed to take command of the scene.He later stepped down from his position, after facing backlash from victims' families, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2022/11/17/uvalde-shooting-police-chief-resigns/">the Texas Tribune reported</a>.<h2>Texas Department of Public Safety and Texas Rangers</h2>The director of the TXDPS Steve McCraw has said that seven of his members were investigated for their actions the day of the shooting, and their cases are currently being reviewed, according to the DOJ report.Two TXDPS employees were fired, including a ranger, and one state trooper who was being investigated has resigned, according to the DOJ.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.texastribune.org/2024/01/18/uvalde-school-shooting-investigations/">According to the Texas Tribune</a>, the state trooper who resigned was later hired by Uvalde school's police department, but the school backtracked after parents protested.The four other officers were cleared and kept their jobs, the Texas Tribune reported.In February 2023, state police said no other officers would be disciplined, <a target="_blank" href="https://apnews.com/article/texas-austin-law-enforcement-education-86d2d0a42c797c55bbdd43a14906ba57">according to the Associated Press</a>.<h2>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives</h2>The ATF completed an investigation into the firearm used in the shooting, including the "hellfire trigger" the shooter had attached to make the AR-15 fire at a higher rate.The ATF found that the design, marketing, and instructions for the "hellfire" device proved that its sole purpose was to turn a weapon into a machine gun.And so, the weapon the shooter used is considered a machine gun under federal law, according to the DOJ report.But the report notes that the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/doj-uvalde-report-says-crime-scene-team-almost-tossed-evidence-2024-1">crime scene investigators nearly didn't spot the "hellfire" trigger</a>; someone had thrown it out into a classroom trash can after the tragedy.

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