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<ul class="summary-list"><li>A few months in, the North Korea-Russia alliance appears to be working out for both sides.</li><li>According to a report, Russia is getting millions of artillery shells it needs to fight Ukraine.</li></ul>Earlier in the week, South Korea's intelligence services offered a glimpse of the upgraded alliance between Russia and North Korea in action.North Korea has been sending vast shipments of artillery ammunition to Russia, a lifeline in the invasion of Ukraine that has isolated it from much of the world.North Korea since 2022 sent 13,000 shipping containers to Russia that may contain up to 6 million shells, according to an intelligence report cited by a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20240827008600315">South Korean lawmaker.</a>It is a vastly larger cache than Ukraine's collection of Western allies has managed to pull together, despite being vastly wealthier.Ukraine's European allies fell well short of a goal of delivering 1 million shells to Ukraine in the year to May 2024.The North Korean supply line means Russia can continue sustaining its grinding war of attrition in Ukraine for the foreseeable future, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-producing-shells-three-times-faster-cheaper-ukraines-allies-report-2024-5">say analysts,</a> as it seeks to corrode international support for Kyiv and waits for Ukraine to run out of ammo.And on the other hand, North Korea is receiving technology to help it advance despite being a pariah state.<h2 id="1e5716e6-154b-4175-8767-96957750dda6">A new use for old guns</h2>Old-fashioned munitions have become vital once more in Ukraine, where fighting often resembles the grueling trench warfare of World War I. And with both sides <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-fires-2000-shells-day-minister-one-third-of-russia-2024-2">firing thousands of rounds a day, </a>volume counts.Unlike the sophisticated precision-guided weapons provided to Ukraine by its Western allies, shells don't rely on GPS systems for guidance, so can't be <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russian-electronic-warfare-shows-us-needs-for-future-wars-2024-5">countered by electronic warfare units</a> that scramble their coordinates.They're something that North Korea has in large supply."While in most respects the DPRK lags behind NATO states in military technology, mass production of artillery shell ammunition doesn't require sophistication," Jacob Parakilas, a defense analyst at RAND Europe, told Business Insider.He said that since 1953 North Korea has been preparing for a resumption of an "existential" war with the US, building up massive stockpiles.The unquenchable need for ammunition in Ukraine means that North Korea's large stash found an unexpected new value, allowing North Korean leader Kim Jong Un to broker a deal with Russia's President Vladimir Putin that's proving fruitful for both sides.In return for crates of old-fashioned shells, Kim's getting valuable military technology from the Kremlin."Russia can offer some fairly important incentives in terms of technology transfer, which Pyongyang may judge to be more valuable than a portion of its armaments reserve," Parakilas said.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-was-helping-north-korea-before-botched-satellite-launch-report-2024-5">According to reports,</a> Russia may be providing North Korea with satellite technology that enables it to surveil and more accurately target military sites belonging to the US and its allies in east Asia.Russia has also used its diplomatic power as a permanent UN Security Council member to shield North Korea, using its <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.chathamhouse.org/2024/04/russias-veto-un-sanctions-monitoring-will-further-embolden-north-korea">veto in April</a> to hobble the commission that monitors North Korea's nuclear program.Most of the globe has long sought to isolate North Korea and pressure it to dismantle its nuclear weapons. The Kremlin's new stance is an abrupt U-turn.And Kim may be able to leverage Russia's need for shells still further to secure more technology its antiquated military badly needs."North Korea's air force, for example, is woefully small and desperately in need of more modern aircraft to be a viable fighting force," Parakilas explained.<h2 id="49fd8307-e3e8-4e1c-862e-222e575f2a77">A precarious alliance</h2>But while both leaders are reaping short-term gains, there are problems on the horizon that could derail the alliance.While North Korea is delivering the shells Russia needs in volume, their quality is often shoddy, and there are doubts over North Korea's capacity to keep up the deliveries."Ukrainian sources suggest that the shells Russia has received from the DPRK are dated — some allegedly manufactured in the 1970s and 1980s — and are of poor quality, having a high rate of failure," said Daniel Salisbury, an expert on arms proliferation at King's College London.And Putin's decision to draw closer to Kim is endangering his relationship with his most important ally, the Chinese leader Xi Jinping.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/putin-kim-jong-un-getting-closer-china-reason-to-worry-2024-6">Analysts told Business Insider in June</a> that Xi is watching the security alliance between Russia and North Korea warily, concerned that it could upset the balance of power in east Asia and spark a conflict China would sooner avoid.<h2 id="45bff0bb-f45f-4ec1-ad71-f33344bb8d33">A Cold War alliance renewed</h2>But for now, it's a relationship that both pariah leaders are reaping benefits from, renewing an alliance formed decades ago when the Kremlin helped arm North Korea in its fight against the US and its allies in the Cold War."Much of the materiel it has produced during that time will still be at least minimally viable for Russian purposes, since the bulk of its weaponry is Soviet-designed and therefore compatible with what Russian forces use," said Parakilas.

Putin and Kim Jong Un's new alliance is proving to be a win-win

<ul><li>The agreement builds on the Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold-chain (ACES) . </li><li>The UK and UN Environment technical assistance programme is funded by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.</li><li>Conventional cooling technologies are highly polluting due to climate impact of refrigerants . </li></ul> The <keyword id="199494" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="university-of-birmingham" source="Orion">University of Birmingham</keyword> and <keyword id="41646" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="haryana" source="Orion">Haryana</keyword> have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to develop a centre of excellence in the state to boost crop post harvest management and sustainable cold chains, the varsity has said in a statement. The decision to create Haryana Centre of Excellence was taken at the Global summit organised by the Centre for Sustainable Cooling in Birmingham on Tuesday, giving it the mandate to conduct state-of-the-art applied research and provide capacity building and training, an innovation and business hub and technology testing/demonstration centre. "The Haryana Centre of Excellence will conduct state-of-the-art applied research and provide capacity building and training, an innovation and business hub and technology testing/demonstration centre. It will connect experts, investors, agri-food business, farmer cooperatives, and energy or logistics providers to deliver sustainable cooling," the statement from the University of Birmingham, which hosted the summit, said. The agreement builds on the Africa Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold-chain (ACES) developed with the Government of Rwanda and <keyword id="7285" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="un-environment-programme" source="Orion">UN Environment Programme</keyword> at the <keyword id="4201630" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="university-of-rwanda" source="Orion">University of Rwanda</keyword>. It also follows an MoU signed earlier this year with the Indian State of Telangana for a Telangana Centre of Excellence. The UK and UN Environment technical assistance programme is funded by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Present on the occasion, <keyword id="8733528" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="jai-parkash-dalal" source="Orion">Jai Parkash Dalal</keyword>, Haryana's minister for Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, said: "The UK-Haryana Centre for post-harvest &amp; cold chain will be a big leap towards developing and demonstrating post-harvest technologies that will enhance the shelf life of perishable produce. The Centre will not only cater needs of farmers but also researchers and entrepreneurs". Approximately 60 per cent of food should be refrigerated at some point in the food supply chain - a number which will only increase as countries look to meet <keyword id="3374594" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="un-sustainable-development-goals" source="Orion">UN Sustainable Development Goals</keyword>, feed a fast-growing population and adapt to a warming world and fast degrading environment. <keyword id="12932657" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="caroline-rowett" source="Orion">Caroline Rowett</keyword>, the British Deputy High Commissioner, Chandigarh, said that centre of excellence will help improve the functionality and efficiency of the farm to fork supply. "This is an excellent opportunity for them to work together to develop and showcase technology to help improve the functionality and efficiency of the 'farm to fork' supply chain. Farmers will have the tools to improve the storage and transportation of their produce to ensure it reaches the consumer in perfect condition," she said. Lack of effective refrigeration results in the loss of 526 million tons of food produced (12 per cent of the global total) with developing countries refrigerating less than 20 per cent of their production. These food losses result in an estimated 1 gigaton of CO2-eq emissions each year globally, in addition to wasting agricultural inputs such as land, fertilisers, water and energy. Equally, 25 per cent of vaccines reach their destination with degraded efficacy mainly due to failures within the cold-chains; 20 per cent of temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical products are damaged due to broken cold-chains. Conventional cooling technologies are highly polluting due to climate impact of refrigerants (HFCs) and indirect emissions from energy use. They account for 7 per cent of all global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and these emissions could double by 2030, and triple by 2100. <keyword id="13071369" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="toby-peters" source="Orion">Toby Peters</keyword>, CSC Director and Professor of Cold Economy at the University of Birmingham and Heriot-Watt University, said: "We must now figure out how to provide the globally connected cold-chains for a well-functioning society in an efficient, affordable, equitable and sustainable manner". "Temperature-controlled supply chains networks are complex, requiring coordination across multiple stakeholders countries and continents. We need to understand the interplay with renewable energy, climate friendly refrigerants," he said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/railways-increased-the-speed-of-500-mail-express-trains-by-10-70-minutes/articleshow/94641676.cms">Railways increased the speed of 500 mail express trains by 10-70 minutes</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/upi-is-indias-favourite-payment-mode-with-transactions-worth-30-4-trillion-in-april-june-says-report/articleshow/94642629.cms">UPI is India’s favourite payment mode with transactions worth ₹30.4 trillion in April-June, says report</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/reliance-jio-to-begin-beta-trial-of-5g-in-four-cities-on-dussehra-with-unlimited-data/articleshow/94645577.cms">Reliance Jio to begin beta trial of 5G in four cities on Dussehra with unlimited data</a>

University of Birmingham, Haryana to create centre of excellence in state to boost crop post harvest management

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Putin and Kim Jong Un's new alliance is proving to be a win-win

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