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The introduction of imaginary numbers was a surprising moment for many of us in school. Dealing with regular maths daily was already challenging, but now we had to grasp the concept of the truly incomprehensible.<br /><br />Astronomers, who are known for their penchant for tackling challenging problems, grapple with this concept regularly. Their journey to unveil the secrets of the cosmos often leads them to confront <keyword id="86041" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="dark-matter" source="Orion">dark matter</keyword>, a theoretical form of matter that is essentially unobservable!<br /><br />However, one should not underestimate the significance of this. According to scientific models, dark matter constitutes 26% of the universe, which is more than five times the amount of ordinary matter that we can see. This enigmatic substance has existed since the dawn of time, influencing the universe's structure and the creation of galaxies.<br /><br />Remarkably, there are entire galaxies predominantly composed of dark matter. In 2016, astronomers discovered the Dragonfly 44 <keyword id="19277695" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="ultra-diffuse-galaxy" source="Orion">Ultra Diffuse Galaxy</keyword> (<keyword id="4565800" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="udg" source="Orion">UDG</keyword>). Dragonfly 44 is as massive as our <keyword id="67503" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="milky-way" source="Orion">Milky Way</keyword>, but it lacks the usual bright stars and galactic structure. Further investigation revealed that most of this galaxy's mass comes from dark matter.<br /><br />Throughout history, scientists have encountered dark galaxies when they observed simple gas clouds exerting an inexplicable gravitational force on other celestial structures. While confirming a dark galaxy is challenging, there are several candidates that meet the criteria.<br /><br />Moreover, there are galaxies that, while not entirely dark, come close to that definition due to their limited luminosity. These "near-dark galaxies" are rare and typically contain a substantial amount of dark matter. Scientists may have just identified the largest one to date!<br /><br />The "<keyword id="19277697" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nube" source="Orion">Nube</keyword>" galaxy, which is 10 billion years old, was found through an analysis of data from the IAC Stripe 82 Legacy Project, a focused study of a specific region of the sky imaged by the SDSS <keyword id="81842" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="telescope" source="Orion">Telescope</keyword>. With a half-mass radius (an imaginary boundary where the galaxy encompasses half of its estimated mass) of 22,500 light years, it is three times larger than a typical UDG!<br /><br />Additionally, its very low optical emissions give it a surface brightness of only 26.75 mag/arcsec2, which is ten times fainter than regular UDGs, already among the dimmest galaxies in the observable universe. To put it in perspective, deep-sky objects above 22 mag/arcsec are considered faint, with a completely dark sky having a surface brightness of 21.8 mag/arcsec.<br /><br />Nube also has a stellar mass of approximately 390 million times that of our <keyword id="24879" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sun" source="Orion">Sun</keyword>, meaning the Milky Way, with all its luminosity, is about 3,800 times more massive than this near-dark galaxy. However, comparing these two distinct galaxy types may not be entirely fair, given that even typical UDGs typically have only 1% as many stars as our home galaxy.<br /><br />The discovery of Nube has sparked intriguing discussions about the origin and nature of such galaxies: did these peculiar properties emerge during its formation, or did something occur later? Exciting discoveries are on the horizon!<br /><br />The results of this research have been published in a preprint journal and can be accessed <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2310.12231" data-type="tilCustomLink">here</a>.

Darker than the night sky: Scientists discover biggest "near-dark" galaxy ever!

<ul><li>Samsung has launched the <keyword id="20800784" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Galaxy-S24-FE" source="Orion">Galaxy S24 FE</keyword> smartphone in India.</li><li>The Galaxy S24 FE comes in two variants and is priced starting at ₹59,999.</li><li>The Galaxy S24 FE is now the most affordable offering in the company’s <keyword id="20259401" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Galaxy-S24-series" source="keywords">Galaxy S24 series</keyword>.</li></ul>South Korean smartphone manufacturer Samsung has announced the Galaxy S24 FE (fan edition), the company’s latest offering in its S24 series, ahead of the festive season in India.<br /><br />The Fan Edition devices are affordable versions of existing devices, aimed at making them more accessible. The S24 FE has been placed below the Galaxy S24 smartphone.<br /><br /><h2><keyword id="20800783" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Samsung-Galaxy-S24-FE-price" source="Orion">Samsung Galaxy S24 FE price</keyword> and availability</h2>The Samsung Galaxy S23 FE is priced at ₹59,999 for the 8GB RAM + 128GB storage variant and ₹65,999 for the 8GB RAM + 256GB storage variant.<br /><br />The device will be available in Blue, Graphite and Mint colour options. The pre-booking for the device is now live and it will go on sale starting from October 3.<br /><br /><h2><keyword id="20798092" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Samsung-Galaxy-S24-FE" source="Orion">Samsung Galaxy S24 FE</keyword> specifications</h2>The Samsung Galaxy S24 FE runs on Android 14 out of the box with the company’s OneUI 6.1.1 on top. In some good news for its customers, the company has announced that the device will get seven years of Android updates and security updates. The device features a 6.4-inch Full HD+ Dynamic AMOLED display with 120Hz refresh rate and Corning Gorilla Glass Victus+ protection.<br /><br />The Galaxy S24 FE runs on the company’s <keyword id="23335278" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Exynos-2400e" source="keywords">Exynos 2400e</keyword> chipset. It is available in two variants – 8GB RAM + 128GB storage variant and 8GB RAM + 256GB storage. There is also a 512GB variant available in other markets including the US but this is unlikely to be launched in India.<br /><br />    <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="113520294" title="Samsung Galaxy Watch Ultra review – premium watch with a rugged design" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div><br />Coming to the camera department, the Galaxy S24 FE features a triple camera setup at the back consisting of a 50MP primary camera with OIS, a 12MP ultra-wide-angle sensor and an 8MP telephoto lens with 3x optical zoom and OIS. On the front, the device sports a 10MP selfie camera.<br /><br />The Galaxy S24 FE is powered by a 4,700mAh battery coupled with 25W wired charging. The device also comes with wireless charging support. It features an in-display fingerprint sensor and is IP68 rated for water and dust resistance.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/telecom/news/airtel-is-using-ai-powered-technology-to-block-spam-calls-and-messages/articleshow/113691942.cms">Airtel is using AI-powered technology to block spam calls and messages</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/webstories/diffusion-engineers-ipo-quick-review-ipo-gmp-risk-factors-and-more/slidelist/113687580.cms">Diffusion Engineers IPO quick review – IPO GMP, risk factors and more</a><br /><br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/hyundai-motor-indias-25000-crore-ipo-gets-sebi-approval-indias-biggest-ipo-expected-to-launch-in-october/articleshow/113658837.cms"><strong>Hyundai Motor India’s ₹25,000 crore IPO gets SEBI approval – India’s biggest IPO expected to launch in October</strong></a><br />

Samsung Galaxy S24 FE with seven years of updates, Exynos 2400e launched starting at ₹59,999

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Astronomers investigating the wallpaper of our universe stumbled upon a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-fermi-telescope-discovers-unexpected-signal-coming-outside-our-galaxy-2024-1">mysterious signal</a>.</li><li>Something unknown seems to be spewing <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/brightest-gamma-ray-burst-all-time-blinded-scientist-space-equipment-2023-3">high-energy</a> cosmic rays and gamma rays.</li></ul><p>NEW ORLEANS — Astronomers using a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/times-nasa-webb-space-telescope-spotted-something-hubble-missed">NASA space telescope</a> have discovered a region of the sky with a mysterious concentration of some of the universe's highest-energy radiation.</p><p>The astronomers were mapping space's background glow of gamma rays, the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astronomers-detect-brightest-high-lightgamma-ray-burst-2019-11">brightest and most energetic type of light</a> on the electromagnetic spectrum. They were surprised to find way more gamma rays coming from one part of the sky than anywhere else.</p><p>Alexander Kashlinsky, a cosmologist at the University of Maryland and NASA, called the discovery a "total conundrum" when he presented it at a meeting of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/jupiter-sized-planet-boiled-alive-creating-comet-like-tail-2024-1">American Astronomical Society</a> in New Orleans last Thursday.</p><p>The purple rings in the image below show where they think this signal is coming from. They have 95% confidence that it's somewhere within the outer purple ring. More likely than not, it's somewhere inside the inner purple ring, too. The orange strip across the center of the image is the plane of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/milky-way-black-hole-spinning-fast-squishing-space-time-2023-11">Milky Way</a>.</p><div type="image" title="illustration of an oval shaped map of space with orange blurry line of the milky way across the middle and a large purple blob in the low right center" height="1500" width="2667" msid="106958291" hostid="261"></div><p>This feature might be connected to a hot spot of ultra-high-energy <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hidden-corridor-great-pyramid-egypt-giza-cosmic-rays-scientists-2023-3">cosmic rays</a> (UHECRs) coming from a similar direction and with almost exactly the same magnitude. These are the rarest and most energetic of the charged subatomic particles called cosmic rays.</p><p>Unlike gamma rays — which are frequently detected shooting out of black holes and dying or dead stars — the origin of UHECRs is "one of the biggest mysteries in astrophysics," NASA explained in a <a target="_blank" href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/fermi/nasas-fermi-detects-surprise-gamma-ray-feature-beyond-our-galaxy/">statement</a>.</p><p>Because this unexpected gamma-ray feature seems to match a similar feature in UHECRs, it could be a clue in that mystery.</p><p>This discovery deals with some of the most intense radiation in the universe. These gamma rays carry about 1 billion times the energy of visible light. And UHECRs have 1 billion times more energy than gamma rays.</p><div type="image" title="gamma ray burst" height="518" width="1000" msid="106958293" hostid="261"></div><p>Kashlinsky and his colleagues don't know what's causing this super-energetic signal in the universe.</p><p>But he says it's probably coming from some yet-undiscovered phenomenon within 300 million light-years from us.</p><p>"It's a huge area of the sky where exactly what is happening is hard to know," Kashlinsky said.</p><h2>Looking at the wallpaper of the universe</h2><p>Kashlinsky and his colleagues stumbled upon this new mystery when they were analyzing 13 years of data from <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-fermi-gamma-ray-space-telescope-solar-flares-couldnt-detect-before-2017-2">NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope</a>.</p><p>They were looking for additional signs of a pattern in the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/universe-expansion-crisis-cosmology-new-physics-hubble-constant-2019-10">cosmic microwave background</a> — the lingering radiation from the first light that traveled freely through the universe after the Big Bang. The CMB is like wallpaper behind all the galaxies in the universe.</p><div type="image" title="Planck cosmic microwave background" height="960" width="1920" msid="106958294" hostid="261"></div><p>There's one odd thing about it, though. The CMB is hotter (more microwaves) toward the constellation Leo and colder (fewer microwaves) in the other direction.</p><p>Astronomers think this is simply because of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astronomer-animations-reveal-solar-system-physics-2021-10">our solar system</a>'s movement against the background, which is about 230 miles per second.</p><p>It's like an ambulance passing by, where the siren has one pitch as it approaches you, and sounds like another pitch as it recedes in the distance. This pattern in the CMB is called a dipole.</p><p>Kashlinsky wanted to test that theory about our solar system's movement by checking to see if there's a similar dipole pattern in other forms of light.</p><p>If other light forms have different patterns than the CMB, that would mean it's not just our solar system's movement creating the inconsistency. Something else is going on — possibly a yet-undiscovered event in the very first micro-moments of the universe's birth.</p><p>Such a discovery "could provide us with a glimpse into physical processes operating in the very early universe, potentially back to when it was less than a trillionth of a second old," coauthor Fernando Atrio-Barandela, a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Salamanca in Spain, said in the NASA press release.</p><h2>An unexpected clue in one of the cosmos' biggest mysteries</h2><p>So Kashlinsky's group assessed the gamma-ray background — a diffuse glow of gamma rays that black holes and supernovae create across the cosmos.</p><div type="image" title="black hole x-ray burst" height="2700" width="4800" msid="106958557" hostid="261"></div><p>They found a distinct pattern, but it was 10 times stronger than it should be from the motion of our solar system.</p><p>What's more, the dipole pattern didn't match the one in the CMB. Instead, it matched the pattern of UHECRs.</p><p>The 2017 discovery that UHECRs had their own dipole pattern deepened the mystery around them. Now, the discovery that gamma rays have a similar dipole offers a new clue.</p><p>A <a target="_blank" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/acfedd">paper</a> describing the discovery was published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters on January 10.</p><p>Kashlinsky and his team think the gamma-ray and UHECR patterns might be related, but they're not sure how or why. Some unknown object or process out there in the universe may be producing both the gamma rays and the UHECRs.</p><p>To solve the mystery, "more work and better, more refined measurements of both are needed," Kashlinsky told Business Insider in an email.</p><p>To that end, his team plans to analyze more Fermi telescope data in the future.</p>

NASA telescope discovers mysterious hotspot of high-energy particles beyond our galaxy

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2008/a1689/">X-ray: NASA/CXC/MIT/E.-H Peng et al; Optical: NASA/STScI</a></span></p><p class="caption">Dark matter illustrated in purple around the Coma Cluster of galaxies, also called Abell 1689.</p></div><p></p></div></div>Astronomers have a very big problem on their hands: Four-fifths of all the stuff in the universe can't be found, a cosmic mystery known as "dark matter."</p><p>People have searched for tiny, hypothetical particles of dark matter for years in machines <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dark-matter-experiment-finds-nothing-2013-10">deep below</a> <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-cerns-large-hadron-collider-to-resume-smashing-particles-in-hunt-for-dark-matter-2015-6">the ground</a> and <a href="http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/dark-matter-hopes-dwindle-with-x-ray-signal">in</a> <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/742.html">space</a>, but we have yet to find a single speck. All we know is that it tugs on "normal" matter with gravity.</p><p>That's why some scientists are revisiting an old idea that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dark-matter-primordial-black-holes-2016-7">black holes born at the dawn of time</a> - invisible monsters that could have avoided our detection until now - are a <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1607.06077">prime suspect</a> for all that missing mass.</p><p>Researchers call these speculative black holes "massive compact halo objects," or MACHOs, since dark matter lurks in a "halo" in and around big galaxies.</p><p>But a new study in The Astrophysical Journal Letters <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8205/824/2/L31">offers a serious reality check</a> to the idea that MACHOs are dark matter.</p><p><a href="https://www.ias.edu/scholars/timothy-david-brandt">Timothy Brandt</a>, an astrophysicist at the Institute for Advanced Study, wrote the study after he took a close look at 11 dim, feeble, and weird little galaxies. The stars there are choking with dark matter, at least compared to larger galaxies like the Milky Way or Andromeda, but the little galaxies don't seem to show any obvious signs of harboring a flotilla of old black holes.</p><p>"These galaxies would be less dense and larger than we see," Brandt told Business Insider.</p><p>Instead they're inexplicably compact. And that could represent a big threat to the MACHO hypothesis.</p><h2>The mystery of 11 non-puffy dwarfs</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/spaceimages/details.php?id=PIA16613">NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center/ESO/JPL-Caltech/DSS</a></span></p><p class="caption">A dwarf galaxy.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Brandt's interest started with relatively recent discoveries of small, seemingly very old, and ultra-faint star clusters.</p><p>Some of these clusters are large enough to be called dwarf galaxies, yet are billions of times dimmer than larger galaxies. Such ultra-faint dwarfs are thought to be incredibly common, Brandt says, perhaps outnumbering visible galaxies by 10- or 100-to-one.</p><p>Nearly all of their young, bright stars have burned out over the eons, which is why these ultra-faint dwarf galaxies are so hard to find.</p><p>"If you're looking with your own eyes you'd never see them," Brandt said, noting they can be as small as a few thousand stars. "We've only been finding these things for about 10 years with computer algorithms."</p><p>What made them so interesting to Brandt is that some of these clusters exist at all.</p><p>By mass our own Milky Way is somewhere between 70% and 80% dark matter - most of it lurking near the outer edge of the galaxy. Meanwhile, ultra-faint dwarf galaxies are roughly 99% dark matter.</p><p>"The dark matter is holding them together and preventing them from flying apart," Brandt told Business Insider.</p><p>And that's where Brandt realized he could see if a bunch of old black holes between 20 to 100 times the mass of the sun (a size range for MACHOs that has yet to be ruled out) really exist there. If so, they'd accelerate stars as they passed nearby, causing the entire cluster or galaxy to "puff" outward over billions of years.</p><p>A diffuse cloud of dark matter particles, on the other hand, would keep the cluster glued together.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02079">Sergey E. Koposov et al./Dark Energy Survey</a></span></p><p class="caption">The Eridanus II ultra-faint dwarf galaxy.</p></div><p></p></div></div>Brandt focused his attention on one ultra-faint, dark matter-choked star cluster near the center or Eridanus II, or Eri II.</p><p>Eri II is a 3- to 12-billion-year-old <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.02079">dwarf galaxy that astronomers barely and recently noticed</a> hanging out near our much-larger Milky Way galaxy.</p><p>Brandt's calculations show that if the cluster's dark matter is made of MACHOs, then it would have puffed out and faded into Eri II a long time ago.</p><p>But there it was: A small, dim, ancient star cluster that was much too compact, as well as its parent galaxy.</p><p>He noted the 10 dwarf galaxies that are similar to Eri II should act the same, but that "we don't see puffy ultra-faint dwarf galaxies."</p><p>"This one cluster could be a coincidence. But if you look at all the other dwarf galaxies, I don't see how [the dark matter] could be black holes between 20 and 100 solar masses," Brandt said.</p><h2>Why dark matter might be ancient black holes</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Alain Riazuelo of the French National Research Agency, via Wikipedia</span></p><p class="caption">An artist's depiction of a black hole.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Brandt's study comes at a time when scientists like <a href="http://www.kashlinsky.info">Alexander Kashlinsky</a>, a cosmologist at NASA, have started revisiting the MACHO idea that dark matter may just be a bunch of <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.04023">really, really old black holes</a>.</p><p>That's because several searches for tiny bits of dark matter, called "weakly interactive massive particles" or <a href="https://www.astro.umd.edu/~ssm/darkmatter/WIMPexperiments.html">WIMPs</a>, keep <a href="http://www.space.com/33497-dark-matter-search-comes-up-empty-lux-detector.html">striking out</a>.</p><p>"[WIMP] searches have been going on for quite some time, but nothing has been reliably detected, slowly shrinking the box of parameters where [dark matter] particles can hide," Kashlinsky previously wrote in an email to Business Insider.</p><p>Meanwhile, MACHOs of a few sizes - including those weighing roughly 30 solar masses - have yet to be firmly ruled out.</p><p>Scientists figured MACHOs probably formed within a fraction of a second of the Big Bang some 13.8 billion years ago. This was right as the event's hot, energetic soup of plasma cooled into the first subatomic bits of matter (then later into atoms, gases, stars, and so on).</p><p>These primordial black holes would have lurked in the background as the first stars, galaxies, and planets started to form millions of years later, subtly influencing their destinies while vastly outweighing them; for every bright, shining star, four stars' worth of mass was forever locked away in a black hole.</p><p>Trouble is, no one could find enough black holes to finger them as dark matter. So this spooky hypothesis lost steam over the past couple of decades.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.advancedligo.mit.edu/core.html">LIGO</a></span></p><p class="caption">A technician inspects a mirror in a LIGO facility.</p></div><p></p></div></div>But the <a href="https://ligo.caltech.edu/">Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)</a> - a 15-nation, 900-scientist, $1 billion experiment - recently gave the notion new life.</p><p>LIGO's <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/gravitational-waves-detected-first-time-ligo-2016-2">first-ever detection of gravitational waves</a> was made possible by two black holes smacking together, each roughly 30 times the mass of our sun.</p><p>Thing is, this size of black hole is <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1006.2834">supposed to be rare in nature</a> - so detecting two at once is rather remarkable.</p><p>Calculations suggest black holes of that size could be MACHOs that formed within a second inside the hot, energetic soup of the Big Bang.</p><p>If so, then a lot more of them are out there, others will eventually collide, and LIGO will keep detecting them as it listens for ripples in space-time.</p><p>"We should know the answer within a couple of years," Kashlinsky previously said, later emphasizing that this is irrespective of Brandt's challenging findings.</p><p>"LIGO is starting a new run of observations in September. If they keep discovering these beasts at this rate, every one to two weeks, we should have good enough statistics to rule in the possibility." </p><h2>'We could be in trouble'</h2><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.symmetrymagazine.org/article/february-2014/cdms-result-covers-new-ground-in-search-for-dark-matter">Reidar Hahn/Fermilab</a></span></p><p class="caption"> Researchers poke their head into a super-cooled dark matter particle detector. </p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Both Brandt and Kashlinsky told Business Insider the ultra-dim dwarf galaxy study isn't the end of the end of the line for MACHOs.</p><p>Although unlikely, the star cluster in Eri II may have recently dropped into the center - so its stars may not have had enough time to be accelerated by MACHOs.</p><p>"It takes a long time for MACHOs to share their energy with the stars" if they exist, Brandt said.</p><p>Kashlinsky says another possibility, as pointed out in Brandt's study, is that a chance alignment makes the star cluster only appear to be near the core of Eri II. If true, the cluster exists near the edge or outside of the dwarf galaxy, which could explain its non-puffiness (there is less mass nearby to pull on stars and help accelerate them).</p><p>Brandt's study pegs that possibility at about 1%. "Statistically speaking that is non-negligible at all," Kashlinsky wrote in an email to Business Insider.</p><p>A more radical explanation is that MACHOs may be smaller than anyone thought, perhaps somewhere between the the weight of the moon and an asteroid. These may be impossible to detect, though, since Brandt said since they'd be less than a millimeter in size.</p><p>A scenario like that is one Brandt fears the most.</p><p>"It's possible there is no interaction of dark matter [with normal matter] except through gravity," he said. "If that's the case, we're in trouble. We've never come to that point where we know something is out there but is completely invisible to our experiments."</p><p>"But I'm not that pessimistic," he said. "Not yet."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/most-mysterious-point-universe-black-hole-singularity-2016-7">Einstein's powerful equations can't explain the most mysterious point in the universe</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="Q5Y210NDE6vXset6CmVYHDgJ0Qw45n3H" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

11 wimpy galaxies are beating up our brightest explanation yet for a deep, dark cosmic mystery

<ul><li><strong><keyword id="886809" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="smartphone-shipments" source="Orion">Smartphone shipments</keyword> remained flat in India in 2023 despite a 25% growth in Q4 2023.</strong></li><li><strong><keyword id="19897758" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="samsung" source="keywords">Samsung</keyword> occupied the top spot in the smartphone market with an 18% share.</strong></li><li><strong><keyword id="19894961" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="apple" source="keywords">Apple</keyword> crossed the 10 million shipments mark for the first time in 2023.</strong></li></ul> <br />The Indian smartphone market remained flat in 2023, with 152 million smartphones shipped in the country. While the first three quarters reported a decline in shipments, the shipments grew by 25% in Q4 2023.<br /><br />According to a report by <keyword id="20045132" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="counterpoint-research" source="keywords">Counterpoint Research</keyword>, the Indian smartphone market faced a challenging time in the first six months of “macroeconomic turbulence” which led to low demand and inventory buildup. The smartphone market recovered in the second half of the year due to festive sales and customers upgrading their 4G smartphones for 5G smartphones.<br /><br />“The last quarter (October-December) exited the market with healthy inventory levels compared to last year, setting the right tone for growth for next year. We believe the market will grow by 5% YoY next year driven by premiumization, diffusion of 5G in lower price bands and better macroeconomic conditions,” said Shilpi Jain, Senior Research Analyst, Counterpoint Research.<br /><br />Samsung tops the charts<br /><br /><table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#000000;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Company<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#000000;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">2023 share<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#000000;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">2022 share<br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Samsung<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">18%<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">19.40%<br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Vivo<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">17%<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">15.80%<br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Xiaomi<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">16.50%<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">20.30%<br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Realme<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">12%<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">13.70%<br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Oppo<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">10.50%<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">10.40%<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><em>Source: Counterpoint Research</em><br /><br />Korean smartphone maker Samsung has emerged as the country’s leading smartphone maker in 2023, occupying a market share of 18%, down from 19.4% in 2022. According to analysts, the company’s performance can be attributed to strong sales of the Galaxy A series, focussed approach in the premium segment with its Galaxy S series and aggressive marketing in the offline segment.<br /><br /><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Vivo takes the second spot" comment="subhead" text="Vivo takes the second spot"><span data-til="noop"><keyword id="19936542" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vivo" source="keywords">Vivo</keyword> takes the second spot</span></cmsannotation><br /><br />Chinese smartphone maker Vivo occupied the second spot in smartphone shipments, just behind Samsung with a market share of 17%, up from 15.8. The company also led the affordable premium segment in the country. The company’s shipments were boosted by its T series smartphones and the V29 series.<br /><br /><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Xiaomi moves to the third spot but tops in Q4 2023" comment="subhead" text="Xiaomi moves to the third spot but tops in Q4 2023"><span data-til="noop">Xiaomi moves to the third spot but tops in Q4 2023</span></cmsannotation><br /><br /><table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#000000;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Company<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#000000;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Q4 2023<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#000000;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Q4 2022<br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Xiaomi<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">18.30%<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">18%<br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Vivo<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">17.30%<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">18.10%<br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Samsung<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">16.80%<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">20%<br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Realme<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">11.50%<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">8.50%<br /><br /></td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Oppo<br /><br /></td><td style="border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">9.50%<br /><br /></td><td style="border-right:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.5008695000000001pt;vertical-align:bottom;background-color:#d9d9d9;padding:0pt 5pt 0pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">11.20%<br /><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><em>Source: Counterpoint Research</em><br /><br />Xiaomi was pushed to the third spot when we look at the overall shipments in 2023, with a market share of 16.5%, down from 20.3% in 2022. The company however managed to get back to the top spot in the last quarter. The company occupied a 18.3% market share in Q4 2023, up from 18% in Q4 2022.<br /><br /><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Apple crosses the 10 million mark" comment="subhead" text="Apple crosses the 10 million mark"><span data-til="noop">Apple crosses the 10 million mark</span></cmsannotation><br /><br />Apple crossed the 10 million shipments mark in India for the first time in 2023. The company captured the top position in revenue in a calendar year in the country, with both its older and newer iPhones performing well.<br /><br />“The opening of own retail stores and increasing focus on LFR (large-format retail) through regular promotions contributed to increased offline shipments. 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