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<ul><li>The Supreme Court on Tuesday ruled in favour of <keyword id="1042120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Uber">Uber</keyword> and <keyword id="6354720" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="ola">Ola</keyword> in a case regarding their fare practices. </li><li>Advocate Samir Agarwal had challenged the ride-hailing apps, saying their algorithm gives no freedom to drivers or riders in deciding the fare of the ride.</li><li>Earlier, India’s competition commission and the National Company Law Tribunal too had dismissed the case. </li></ul>India’s Supreme Court was faced with an appeal that asked whether Uber and Ola can fix the cab fare without the consent of the driver or the rider. The country’s top most court ruled in favour of the cab aggregators. <br /><br />This is the latest victory for the ride hailing giants, both of whom are backed by Softbank, after both the antitrust regulator, Competition Commission of India, and the appellate body gave similar verdicts. <br /><br />Uber and Ola, both who have often come under the scanner for their pricing and driver rules, had been challenged by advocate Samir Agarwal. Agarwal had said that by deciding the fare for the ride, the ride-hailing apps don’t leave any leeway for the driver or the rider to discuss the price and come at a fair value. <br /><br />Agarwal had sought the inquiry under Section 26(2) of the Competition Act. <br /><br />In his appeal to the CCI in November 2018, Agarwal had said that Uber and Ola “prevents drivers from competing on fares akin to a trade association that facilitates a cartel”. However, the top court struck it down and said that the <a href="https://www.barandbench.com/news/litigation/ola-uber-facilitate-cartelization-anti-competitive-practices-supreme-court">companies</a> “do not facilitate cartelization or anti-competitive practices between drivers” and that the drivers act as “independent individuals”. <br /><br />The CCI too had dismissed the allegation and said that “the Commission finds no substance in the first allegation raised by the Informant”. The matter had met with the same fate even after it moved to the NCLAT. <br /><br />However, this isn’t the first time Uber or Ola have been subject to a legal case for their pricing. Both the platforms use algorithms to deduce the “surge pricing” and final fare of a ride, which has been challenged by many through <a href="https://www.medianama.com/2018/05/223-uber-delhi-hc/">antitrust </a>cases around the world, including India. <br /><br />Recently, the Indian government’s <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/uber-ola-hit-a-speed-bump-as-indian-government-caps-surge-pricing-and-issues-new-guidelines/articleshow/79443945.cms">new guidelines</a> for motor vehicle aggregators had capped the surge pricing at 1.5 times the base fare, while adding that the driver should receive 80% of the fare applicable on each ride, while 20% will go to the aggregator.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO:<br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/uber-ola-hit-a-speed-bump-as-indian-government-caps-surge-pricing-and-issues-new-guidelines/articleshow/79443945.cms">Uber, Ola hit a speed bump as Indian government caps surge pricing and issues new guidelines</a></strong><br />

Uber and Ola are not acting as a cartel, says India’s Supreme Court

<ul><li><keyword id="205081" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Meru">Meru</keyword> alleged that <keyword id="1042120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Uber">Uber</keyword> had adopted certain abusive practices to oust its competitors from the market. </li><li><keyword id="47183" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="CCI">CCI</keyword> has observed that Uber is not in the dominant position as Ola too has a strong presence here. </li><li>Meru had previously alleged that Ola was the dominant player, which CCI had closed as Uber was a “stronger player”.</li></ul>India’s antitrust watchdog the <keyword id="97393" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Competition-Commission-of-India">Competition Commission of India</keyword> (CCI) has rejected radio taxi service Meru’s plea alleging that cab hailing app Uber abused its dominant position in the Indian ride hailing market.<br /><br />Meru had alleged that US-based Uber, owing to its dominant position, had adopted certain abusive practices to oust its competitors from the market. These practices included offering unreasonable discounts to the customers leading to low/predatory prices, employing incentive policies that were not economically justified. <br /><br />Meru noted that these incentive policies were aimed at exclusively engaging the drivers to its network so as to exclude its competitors from having access to such drivers.<br /><br />CCI, in its order dated July 14, 2021, has observed that Uber is not in the dominant position in the Indian ride hailing segment, as Bengaluru-based Ola too exists in the market. Back in 2015, Meru had alleged that Ola was the dominant player in the market, which CCI had closed as Uber was a “stronger player”. <br /><br />“And in the facts of that case [Meru’s plea against Ola in 2015], the <keyword id="6355822" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="commission">Commission</keyword> was of the view that despite Ola having the largest network, the network effects were not strong enough to deter entry and rapid expansion of another big competitor ‘Uber’ who was competing fiercely with Ola in the relevant market of ‘radio taxi services in <keyword id="6354321" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bengaluru">Bengaluru</keyword>’,” CCI said, in its notice of July 14.<br /><br />The director general (DG) was looking into Meru’s plea against Uber’s dominance in the Indian market and has given a similar finding (submitted in February 2020). Though Meru has said this finding is contradictory to the earlier order on Ola, but CCI has found no such infirmity.<br /><br />The DG has found traces of predatory pricing structure in the case of Uber as evident through its losses between 2014-2018. However, it has also found similar trends in the case of both Ola and Meru.<br /><br />“This shows that the aggressive pricing strategy adopted by Uber was in order to compete aggressively for the market (just like its closest competitor Ola) and to build its network,” CCI has maintained.<br /><br />The investigation also revealed that the discounts and incentives have gradually declined over time with a positive per trip margin recorded by Uber since October 2017.<br /><br />Business Insider has reached out to both Meru and Uber seeking more details about the CCI’s latest ruling. The article will be updated if and when they respond to our queries.<br /><br />With respect to Meru’s allegation of Uber’s exclusive agreements with its drivers, the DG investigation has revealed that the drivers face no restriction in terms of getting attached to a competitor’s network.<br /><br /><strong>SEE ALSO</strong><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/cryptocurrency/news/wazirx-coindcx-and-coinswitch-kubers-advertising-roll-has-hit-a-roadblock-in-india/articleshow/84432645.cms">WazirX, CoinDCX and CoinSwitch Kuber have been asked to add ‘standardised disclaimers’ to their ads on television</a><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/just-dial-share-price-surge-as-mukesh-ambani-is-looking-to-buy-just-dial/articleshow/84432450.cms">As Mukesh Ambani reportedly dials in, Just Dial stocks surge 3%</a><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/pubg-developer-krafton-is-going-to-help-indian-storytelling-platform-pratilipi-to-turn-a-few-stories-into-games/articleshow/84430517.cms">PUBG developer Krafton is going to help Indian storytelling platform Pratilipi to turn a few stories into games</a><br />

India’s antitrust watchdog rejects radio taxi Meru’s plea against Uber, says there is an 'ever-expanding pool of drivers' available

<br />As of early 2018, Indian ride hailing company <keyword id="6354720" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="ola">Ola</keyword> was edging out <keyword id="1042120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Uber">Uber</keyword> in terms of market share in the country. It was estimated to have <a href="https://entrackr.com/2018/02/ola-16-percent-market-uber/">a 56% share </a>of the ride-sharing market, compared to Uber’s 40%, according to Kalagoto, a data analytics firm. <br /><br />However, Ola is in three times as many cities in <keyword id="3658" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="India">India</keyword>, and had twice as many drivers as Uber, indicating that Uber’s market approach is centred on depth as opposed to breadth. Simply put, Uber is making more from less. <br /><br />As the old saying goes, “uneasy lies the head that wears the crown”. Fending off Uber’s advances in the market has led to a significant drain on Ola’s finances, and will continue to eat into its funds in the near future. <br /><br />The company posted a net loss of nearly ₹49 billion for the fiscal year ended March 2017, according to regulatory filings. That’s a significant jump from the ₹31.5 billion it lost in 2015-2016. It reported close to ₹52 billion in expenses in 2016-17 to increase its market share. This is roughly a quarter of the $3 billion it has raised in funding from its investors. <br /><br /><strong>Uber’s ambitions</strong><br /><br />Uber is not going to back down anytime soon either. India is an important market for the company, comprising around <a href="https://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/mobile/india-one-of-our-healthiest-markets-uber-ceo-dara-khosrowshahi/63573894">10% of its worldwide trips</a>, according to CEO Dara Khosrowshahi. <br /><br />Uber will continue expanding its operations in the country, targeting a five to ten-fold increase in weekly trips over the next decade. In order to do this, it will supplement the $1 billion investment it announced in 2015. <br /><br />To increase its reach in India, Uber recently launched “Uber Lite”, a slimmed down version of its ride-hailing app targeted at people with limited space on their phones, as well as small data packages and slow internet speeds. Ola also boasts a Lite version of its app. <br /><strong><br />A possible merger</strong><br /><br />Achieving scale in India is hard. Operational costs are high and since both are trying to capture more customers, trip fares are low. <br /><br />There have been reports that Ola and Uber are <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/rivals-ola-uber-on-road-to-merger/article23375769.ece">considering a merger</a> and Uber is no stranger to joining forces with rivals. In March, after years of intense competition with Singapore’s Grab in Southeast Asia, Uber decided <a href="https://www.uber.com/newsroom/uber-grab/">to merge its business with Grab’s</a> in a number of countries in the region, including Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia. <br /><br />Both Ola and Uber share an investor - the Japanese technology conglomerate <keyword id="163404" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Softbank">Softbank</keyword> Group, which is said to be lobbying for a merger. If both companies merge, they will be in a position to hike prices. <br /><br />This is something India’s antitrust regulators will be wary off, for the merged entity will effectively have a monopoly over the ride-sharing market. <br /><br />The current scenario in India’s ride-sharing market is comparable to its e-commerce market. As two giants burn cash and duke it out for market leadership, consumers benefit from low prices. But the companies will need to make a profit sooner or later and in the medium term, someone will win. And then, perhaps, we lose.<br /><br />For instance, both Ola and Uber have increased their commissions from trips, and reduced the incentive bonuses, over the past year or so. That leads to lesser income for drivers on the platform, who have often tried to protest against the moves as well. Since both riders and drivers are customers for these companies, the effects of them trying to maximise profits will eventually be felt by everyone.<br />

Ola’s battle for ride hailing supremacy in India is quickly draining its bank account

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Good morning! It's a bright start to the week in London. Here's the tech news you need to know this morning.</p><p><strong>1. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/new-apple-tv-features-details-2015-3">New details of the refreshed Apple TV may have leaked.</a></strong> It could come with its own App Store, as well as Siri on the device.</p><p><strong>2. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/ellen-pao-can-sue-kleiner-perkins-for-damages-2015-3">Interim Reddit CEO Ellen Pao will be allowed to seek punitive damages in her case against VC firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield &amp; Byers.</a></strong> She is suing the company for gender discrimination.</p><p><strong>3. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/meerkat-raises-12-million-2015-3">Video streaming app Meerkat has raised $12 million in new funding.</a></strong> The round was led by Greylock Partners, and the valuation was expected to be around $40 million pre-money.</p><p><strong>4. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/google-expected-to-face-antitrust-charges-in-europe-next-month-2015-3">Antitrust officials in Europe are expected to file charges against Google.</a></strong> It's reportedly going to happen "soon."</p><p><strong>5. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/chris-payne-replaces-sean-rad-as-tinder-ceo-2015-3">Dating app Tinder has a new CEO.</a></strong> Former eBay executive Chris Payne is taking over from Sean Rad.</p><p><strong>6. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/uber-un-women-partnership-2015-3">UN Women is no longer going to partner with Uber on an initiative to help women find jobs.</a></strong> Uber had previously announced that it had the UN's support on the move.</p><p><strong>7. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/amazon-unlocked-will-offer-free-android-apps-2015-3">Amazon is launching a service that's similar to Amazon Prime, but for Android apps.</a></strong> It's called Amazon Unlocked.</p><p><strong>8. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/apple-used-masks-and-climate-chambers-to-test-apple-watch-2015-3">ABC News was given a look inside Apple's testing process for the Apple Watch.</a></strong> It shows Apple employees using breathing masks as they exercise.</p><p><strong>9. <a href="http://techcrunch.com/2015/03/20/amazon-loses-its-general-manager-of-payments-following-wallet-shutdown/">Amazon's VP and general manager of payments is leaving.</a></strong> One of the products Matt Swann worked on, Amazon Wallet, was shut down in January.</p><p><strong>10. <a href="http://tech.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/mobile/ola-order-food-delivery-olacafe/46630043">India's biggest Uber competitor, Ola, will start delivering food.</a></strong> Ola Cafe will serve lunch, dinner and evening snacks on demand.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/evantubehd-youtube-star-evan-toys-unboxing-2015-2">This 9-year-old makes $1 million a year opening toys</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="c1M3I2czpfpUbfSp-pk66DP24nakx303" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

10 things in tech you need to know today

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Business Insider/Eugene Kim</span></p><p class="caption">Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff welcomes Uber CEO Travis Kalanick into the winners' circle.</p></div><p></p></div></div>Investors and technology enthusiasts focus on the new: New companies, new products, new technologies. </p><p>But the real runaway successes - the hundred-billion dollar companies - come when a tech product has become such an integral part of everybody's lives that nobody thinks about it anymore. It's just there.</p><p>Think about the Windows PC. The web browser. Google. The iPhone. </p><p>In 2015, there weren't a lot of great new tech products or categories. What was the iPhone of this year? The Apple Watch? Hoverboards? Please.</p><p>Mostly, existing products and companies consolidated their gains. </p><p>These five companies exemplified that trend. None of them rocked the world with a brand new product or category. But all of them quietly consolidated and are well positioned to dominate in 2016.</p><h2><strong>Uber </strong></h2><p>This was the year that the world's largest "startup" became part of the standard vocabulary in the U.S., like Google did in the last decade. "Let's get an Uber" has replaced "Let's call a cab." Uber has even become common in <a href="http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2015/03/14-hip-hop-songs-uber-shout-out/">hip-hop lyrics</a>.   </p><p>Behind the scenes, Uber continued its clever strategy of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/uber-apps-are-everywhere-2015-12">making its app available anywhere and everywhere</a> - an expensive prospect that few other app companies bother with - and so far it hasn't been dented by lawsuits that seek to force it to reclassify its drivers as employees rather than contractors.</p><p>One of Uber's earliest competitors, Sidecar, just <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/sidecar-is-shutting-down-2015-12">threw in the towel</a>. The other big one, Lyft, keeps raising money, but outside of San Francisco and techies in a few other cities like Austin, nobody calls a Lyft. They call an Uber. Lyft's main play now is teaming up with international competitors like Didi (China) and Ola (India) to stop Uber's expansion into those countries. </p><p>Barring some major black swan - a huge global downturn that makes it impossible to raise cash to cover its expansionary burn, some major legal or personnel setback - look for 2016 to be the year where Uber vanquishes all doubt. One big tech winner emerges from the ranks of startups in every generation - Amazon from the dot-com era, Facebook from the web 2.0 era. Uber is the winner of the current post-recession era. </p><p>Uber is still private and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/uber-is-about-to-raise-a-giant-round-at-a-65-billion-valuation-heres-how-thats-even-possible-2015-11">restricts its stock trading</a>, but its most recent valuation of $62.5 billion puts it into pretty good company:</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Statista</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2><strong>Facebook</strong></h2><p>Facebook was already ubiquitous in most people's lives before this year, but the company consolidated its gains this year, expanding well beyond a place where people share news about their families and into one of the top communications companies in the world.</p><p>Forget Apple's iMessage - Facebook doesn't even have a mobile phone platform and its Messenger app (which is <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-messenger-ambitions-2015-10">just getting started</a>) and WhatsApp apps reach more than a billion people between them.</p><p>Instagram has replaced Facebook as the social app of choice among teens - which is fine, since Facebook owns it. Facebook is turning into one of the top destinations (alongside Google's YouTube) for online video. It's also scaring the pants off the media industry as it becomes the top way people share news stories.</p><p>But perhaps the best evidence of Facebook's consolidation over social media can be seen relative to its two biggest competitors. Twitter's number of monthly average users stalled out this year and it went through a troublesome CEO change and layoffs. LinkedIn is doing better - its monthly average user base <a href="http://investors.linkedin.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1271024-15-29&amp;CIK=1271024">grew 11%</a> between Q3 2015 and a year before - but it's a fraction of Facebook's size, at around 100 million monthly users, versus <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/more-than-1-billion-people-a-day-used-facebook-in-september-2015-11">1.55 billion for Facebook</a>.</p><p>That's right - about one-fifth of the world's people use Facebook at least once a month.</p><p>Meanwhile, Facebook has a ton of futuristic projects cooking, from the virtual reality Oculus Rift, which will launch next year, to gigantic solar-powered drones that beam Internet down to developing countries. It will dominate in 2016.</p><p>Here's Facebook's stock performance for the year - up over 37%.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Yahoo Finance (screenshot)</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2><strong>Amazon</strong></h2><p>Like Facebook, Amazon the e-commerce site was already ubiquitous in most people's lives, and this year it continued to dominate - more than half of Americans said they'd do <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-dominates-holiday-shopping-2015-12">"most"</a> of their holiday shopping on Amazon. WalMart was number two, with only 16%.</p><p>But a lot of people didn't realize how ubiquitous Amazon has become<em> inside</em> businesses as well.</p><p>This was the year that became clear, as Amazon broke out the financial results of its Amazon Web Services business, which allows companies to outsource their computing needs to Amazon's massive world-spanning infrastructure rather than having to build and maintain their own data centers. Surprise number one: It's <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/aws-earns-1-billion-a-year-on-6-billion-in-profit-2015-4">profitable</a>. Surprise number two: It's already massive, on track to book more than $7 billion in revenue in 2015.</p><p>We've long known that buzzy startups from Yelp to Foursquare to Spotify run on AWS. Now, we know that big companies like Netflix, Intuit, and Juniper (a company that sells networking gear!) are moving their full infrastructure over to AWS as well. Microsoft, Google, and a host of other cloud computing companies are making progress, but Amazon is the one to beat. </p><p>Its stock more than doubled this year - up 125% to date.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Yahoo Finance (screenshot)</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2><strong>Salesforce</strong></h2><p>Do you use Salesforce every day? If the answer is no, walk over to somebody at your company who is involved with selling your product. Do they use Salesforce every day? Chances are, they do.</p><p>According to <a href="http://www.forbes.com/sites/louiscolumbus/2015/05/22/gartner-crm-market-share-update-47-of-all-crm-systems-are-saas-based-salesforce-accelerates-lead/">Gartner</a>, Salesforce is both the number-one and fastest-growing entry in a product category called CRM, which helps salespeople track leads and sales info. In other words, it's consolidating its top position. Its revenue is growing around 25% per year, and as CEO Marc Benioff continues to remind investors on every earnings call, it is on track to hit $10 billion in annual revenue faster than any other <keyword id="6356323" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Enterprise">enterprise</keyword> sales company.</p><p>But more quietly, Salesforce has also become a major player in the Silicon Valley enterprise ecosystem. It's the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/salesforce-is-top-investor-in-saas-2015-10">number-one venture investor in cloud software</a> companies - ahead of every VC firm, with stakes in a bunch of enterprise upstarts on the IPO train, including Box (which went public early this year), Dropbox, and Twilio (both expected to go next year).</p><p>Salesforce has also created the beginnings of a strong ecosystem, with developers building apps that work with companies' Salesforce installations, and an entire app store for companies to download and install them.</p><p>Its quiet rise is reminiscent of how Microsoft went from an enterprise laughingstock in the 1990s - hard to remember now, but IT departments once considered Windows PCs annoying nuisances or toys and never imagined Microsoft software running in their data centers - to one of the top enterprise software companies by the end of the next decade. No wonder Microsoft approached Salesforce with a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/buyer-of-salesforce-was-microsoft-2015-5">$50 billion buyout offer</a> earlier this year. And it could try again.</p><p>Salesforce has also delivered a nice 34% gain to investors this year.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Yahoo Finance (screenshot)</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2><strong>Netflix</strong></h2><p>As Tim Stenovec at our sister site Tech Insider <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/how-netflix-won-2015-2015-12">pointed out</a>, Netflix has had a banner year, with more than a dozen new shows, Emmy nominations galore, international expansion, and a brand new pop culture expression. (Nobody ever said they were going to "AOL and chill," did they?)</p><p>But the real story here is that TV watching habits are finally starting to change: ratings for TV shows at their scheduled times <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/tv-ratings-decline-2015-9">fell off a cliff this fall</a>, and the number of U.S. homes with cable TV subscriptions <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/cable-tv-subscribers-plunging-2015-8">started dropping</a> for the first time ever this year.</p><p>Cord-cutting is real, and Netflix has pole position as the top creator of online-delivered TV-like entertainment. Amazon may be nipping at its heels, and industry players like Hulu may catch up, but Netflix pioneered the way.</p><p>Plus, it's had the best performance this year of any major tech stock - up more than 144%:</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Yahoo Finance (screenshot)</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2><strong>What about...?</strong></h2><p>There are a lot of big, older companies that did OK this year but did not set the world on fire. Briefly:</p><ul><li><strong>Apple </strong>remains the biggest company in the world, but faces the possibility of a first-ever decline in iPhone sales, and its high profile product launches last year - the Apple Watch, Apple Music, and Apple TV - were so-so to poor. Apple will continue to be a massive cash generating machine, but 2015 was a building year, or as Nilay Patel at <a href="http://www.theverge.com/2015/12/28/10676272/2015-apples-year-in-beta">The Verge aptly wrote</a>, this was a beta year. Not a power consolidation year.</li><li><span style="text-decoration: line-through;"><strong>Google </strong></span><strong>Alphabet. </strong>When the most important events of your year are a name change, business restructuring, and a big government antitrust investigation, it's hard to call that a winning year. Google's core ad business remains strong, its revenues and profits are still growing nicely, and and it clearly won the search wars once and for all. But Android is still fragmenting, Facebook is nipping at its heels in video, and none of the new Alphabet projects have taken off yet. 2015 was a reset year for this company. We'll see if it can gain ground next year.</li><li> <strong>Microsoft. </strong>Everybody loves a comeback, but even with the relative success of Windows 10, the fact remains that Microsoft's mobile platform strategy has largely failed and it's been relegated to distributing its (very lucrative) Office apps on Apple's and Google's mobile platforms. Microsoft also seems to be successfully navigating the enterprise shift to the cloud, but it's still well behind Amazon - which, 10 years ago, had no enterprise business at all. Hololens looks amazing, but it's not out yet. Satya Nadella is a breath of fresh air, but he inherited low expectations. The company's next few earnings reports will be telling.</li></ul><p>There are also a bunch of younger companies that still have some proving to do. Two to note:</p><ul><li><strong>Snapchat </strong>is growing like crazy - unlike its social media competitors outside Facebook -  but there's this weird age barrier where nobody over 30 can figure out what it's about. That's not the sign of a mainstream success, that's the sign of a fad. Snapchat could certainly change that like Facebook did, but it's too early to say.</li><li><strong>Airbnb</strong> is often mentioned in the same breath as Uber as one of the companies helping normal people make use of excess capacity (homes instead of cars), but it's not as ubiquitous as Uber is yet. Plus, where's its mobile strategy? Everyone knows you order an Uber and visit Facebook from your phone. Airbnb is still a desktop kind of thing, mostly, with no obvious mobile component.</li></ul><p>Anybody you think I missed? Make your case in comments, or drop me an angry email. </p><p class="tagline">Disclosure: Jeff Bezos is an investor in Business Insider through hispersonal investment company Bezos Expeditions.</p>

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Uber and Ola are not acting as a cartel, says India’s Supreme Court

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