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There are more than 500 species of <keyword id="19908382" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="sharks" source="keywords">sharks</keyword> in the world's <keyword id="20766142" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="oceans" source="keywords">oceans</keyword>, from the 7-inch dwarf lantern shark to whale sharks that can grow to over 35 feet long. They're found from polar waters to the equator, at the water's surface and miles deep, in the open ocean, along coasts, and even in some coastal rivers. With such diversity, it's no surprise that sharks serve many ecological functions. For example, the largest individuals of some big predatory species, such as tiger and white sharks, can have an oversized role in maintaining balances among species. They do this by feeding on prey and sometimes by just being present and scary enough that prey species change their habits and locations. In a newly published study by Florida International University, co-authored by Mike Heithaus and Simon Dedman, scientists surveyed decades of research on sharks' ecological roles and considered their future in oceans dominated by people. They found that because sharks play such diverse and sometimes important functions in maintaining healthy oceans, their current decline is an urgent problem. Since 1970, global populations of sharks and rays have decreased by more than 70%. "People are killing many types of sharks at unsustainable rates, mainly through overfishing. We see a need for nations to rethink where and how to conserve sharks for healthy oceans", the study noted. <h2>How sharks foster <keyword id="22651799" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="seagrasses" source="keywords">seagrasses</keyword></h2>Along the remote coast of Western Australia, more than two decades of work shows that the mere presence of tiger sharks shapes the entire seagrass <keyword id="20128076" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ecosystem" source="keywords">ecosystem</keyword> by changing where and how big grazers, such as sea turtles and sea cows, feed. Having tiger sharks nearby protects wide swaths of seagrass from being overgrazed, allowing it to grow into thick underwater meadows that provide habitat for juvenile fish and shellfish. These species are important food for other animals and for humans. In places where tiger sharks have declined and turtle populations have expanded, seagrasses are being overgrazed. In <keyword id="19969998" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bermuda" source="keywords">Bermuda</keyword>, for example, the exploding turtle population has led to an almost total collapse of seagrasses. White sharks produce some of the same effects. Along the California coast, where white shark numbers are increasing, otters are spending more time in the safety of protected inland waters and less time in the open waters of Monterey Bay. The otters prey on crabs, which in turn feed on grazing invertebrates such as sea slugs that clean algae from seagrasses. More otters means fewer crabs, more grazers and healthier seagrasses. <h2>Kelp forests and reefs</h2>Kelp forests are dense stands of large brown algae that grow in shallow zones near coasts. Along the U.S. West Coast, overhunting drove local populations of sea otters to extinction by the early 1900s. This caused huge kelp forest losses by allowing sea urchins - a favorite food of otters - to spread and consume kelp. Over the past 50 years, otter populations have rebounded with federal protection. But as white sharks expand their ranges northward, they are preventing otters from expanding their range because there aren't kelp forests for the otters to hide in. The otters will likely expand their ranges only once kelp forests become established. This complicates restoration efforts, since otters won't be removing enough urchins for kelp to become established. When sharks are present near <keyword id="19908075" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="coral-reefs" source="keywords">coral reefs</keyword>, fish avoid the sharks by sticking close to the safety of the reef. This reduces grazing on seagrasses and algae across wide areas. There is still much to learn, however, about when, where and how sharks might be important for coral reef health. <h2>Food and nutrient sources</h2>Sharks can also be prey. Some, including large species like white sharks, are important food sources for some killer whale populations around the world. Smaller sharks, including blacktip sharks, can be key menu items for larger sharks, such as great hammerheads. As sharks consume prey in one place and excrete waste elsewhere, they move nutrients throughout the ocean. In the Pacific, for example, gray reef sharks move nitrogen from the offshore waters where they feed to the coral reefs where they spend their days, providing important fertilizer for ocean food webs. In Florida's coastal waters, young bull sharks feed during brief visits to the ocean, then return to safer, nearly freshwater rivers, where they spend most of their time and release nutrients in their waste. Sometimes, sharks' presence helps other fish. In the open ocean, sharks' rough scales make perfect scratching posts for fish to remove parasites. <h2>Protecting sharks' roles</h2>The study makes clear that sharks play diverse roles in maintaining healthy oceans, seeing important implications for shark <keyword id="19948448" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="conservation" source="keywords">conservation</keyword>. Step 1 would be to set goals beyond simply ensuring that there are sharks in the oceans and to target species that have key ecological roles. Within populations, it is important to protect certain types of individual sharks. For example, the largest tiger sharks are the ones that shape the behavior of turtles and sea cows, benefiting seagrass ecosystems. Intensive fishing worldwide makes it extremely challenging for large sharks that can live for decades or even centuries to survive and grow to ecologically important sizes. Working with local communities in coastal areas could build support for protecting these large ocean <keyword id="19930906" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="predators" source="keywords">predators</keyword>, much as conservationists are working on land to protect iconic predators such as wolves. Nations could build networks of large protected areas that forbid shark fishing, focusing on key areas where individual sharks may roam. Research shows that sharks benefit from creating protected areas, limiting shark catch outside these zones and restricting use of fishing gear that does the most harm to sharks, such as gill nets and longlines. With a clearer understanding of sharks' ecological value, the study hopes to see focused action at all levels to protect these essential animals.

Oceans without sharks would be far less healthy, finds new research

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Ross Edgley tried to out-eat a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hawaii-tiger-sharks-attack-sink-boat-netflix-film-crew-2023-6">tiger shark</a> by fasting, then eating over 40,000 calories in one day.</li><li>"Shark vs. Ross Edgley" is part of National Geographic's Sharkfest.</li></ul>Olympic swimmers have been known to eat <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/youtuber-tried-michael-phelps-high-carb-high-calorie-diet-training-2021-7">10,000 calories a day</a>, but they have nothing on a tiger shark, which can consume more than that in a single bite.That didn't stop ultra-athlete Ross Edgley from trying to out-eat the fish that have been affectionately <a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/natgeowild/videos/the-garbage-cans-of-the-sea/10156367445505930/">dubbed</a> "the garbage cans of the sea."For "<a target="_blank" href="https://www.natgeotv.com/ca/shark-vs-ross-edgley">Shark vs. Ross Edgley</a>," part of National Geographic's Sharkfest that debuted on June 30, the ultra-marathon swimmer went up against a variety of different species to see how he'd fare against their <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/shark-attacks-what-are-odds-of-getting-bitten-2018-7">speed, agility</a>, and stomachs.He didn't fair well in speed, achieving only about 25% that of a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fishermen-wrestled-8-foot-shark-over-swordfish-2023-7">mako shark</a>. And for agility, he tried jumping completely out of the water like a great white but only made it about 75% of the way.This isn't surprising given how <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-stay-safe-when-swimming-near-shark-2023-7">well-adapted sharks</a> are at moving through water compared to humans. But what about the stomach? Perhaps eating as much as a tiger shark is where Edgley could gain a lead in the competition."I thought I was going to do pretty well," Edgley told Business Insider of the tiger shark challenge. "I can put away <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/more-food-protein-carbs-key-to-losing-fat-2023-9">quite a bit of food</a>." He's been known to eat 15,000 calories a day while training for long-distance swimming events.Despite that practice, it turns out that it's far more difficult to eat like a shark than he could have imagined.<h2 id="14af060b-5772-414a-b6b7-2ad42e3edb39">Edgley tried to fast and feed like a tiger shark</h2><div type="image" title="Composite image of Ross Edgley before and after fasting" height="2048" width="2048" msid="111966542" hostid="261" sizebytes="203050"></div>Researchers have <a target="_blank" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=7ce2c4514fa2594c88b2ae4f6089a3977f030ccd6efc2f3e8a094680c52812e1&amp;postID=669ae1d420eaab25bc1deee4&amp;postSlug=ross-edgley-vs-tiger-shark-eat-40000-calories-sharkfest-2024-7&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fsrep11202">tracked</a> tiger shark migrations, finding that they can swim around 4,660 miles a year — just a little less than twice the width of Australia.To keep their energy up for those long swims, the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/florida-county-shark-bite-attack-capital-of-the-world-2023-9">apex predators</a> will eat just about anything, from turtles to dolphins to plastic bottles. But if food isn't readily available, they might have to go a few days without a meal.To approximate this for the show, Edgley went 24 hours without water, sleep, or food while swimming, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/weight-lifting-better-than-cardio-body-builder-2023-12">weightlifting</a>, running, and performing other forms of exercise. "That's up there with one of the worst things I've ever done," he said in the show.His next move was to eat a little over 40,000 calories in a single day by chowing down on pizza, fish and chips, blueberry lemon cheesecake, and four tubs of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-one-man-ate-cheat-meals-lost-weight-2023-3">ice cream</a>. By the end of the experiment, Edgley had lost almost 14 pounds after the fast and then regained 22 pounds after his feeding frenzy."I was so happy with that" amount of calories, Edgley said. He thought for sure it put him in competition with the tiger shark.During the entire fasting and feeding, Edgley was under close medical supervision to ensure his safety, he wrote on Instagram. "Do not try this at home," he warned in a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@rossedgley/video/7383366574197067040">TikTok video</a>.<h2 id="8ef0ce86-1249-4a30-aaf0-02a09f9fd9f2">Tiger sharks can take 6-pound bites</h2><div type="image" title="Ross Edgley in scuba gear holding a clear block of gelatin with a shark bite taken out of it" height="1500" width="2246" msid="111966538" hostid="261" sizebytes="256932"></div>For the show, marine biologist Mike Heithaus and Edgley wanted to know how many calories a tiger shark could eat in a day and compare it to the 40,000 calories that Edgley ate.So they ran an experiment.Heithaus made a gelatin "lollipop" that mimicked the rubbery, high-calorie fat of sea mammals that sharks will sometimes eat to see just how much a tiger shark can swallow in a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-most-common-ways-sharks-attack-how-to-survive-it-2023-9">single bite</a>.While Heithaus and Edgley were diving, an 11-foot, 460-pound tiger shark took a 6.4-pound bite out of the gelatin. Heithaus estimated it was the equivalent of 25,000 calories. Extrapolating that, Heithaus estimated a tiger shark might take about 10 bites a day for a total of around 250,000 calories per day — far more than what Edgley consumed.But something to keep in mind is that Edgley weighs a lot less than a tiger shark. Even taking into account their respective body weights, though, Edgley only ate 28% of what a tiger shark could consume in a day."It was humbling," Edgley said. Despite all of his training, he barely made a dent in a tiger shark's typical diet.Still, he said it's been a fun way to get people interested in sharks, which was the main point all along."That's what's been amazing," he said, "seeing on social media, even kids just going, 'Oh my God, he tried to eat like a tiger shark. He had seven liters of custard.'" His TikTok videos for the challenge have racked up tens of thousands of views.Edgley has been passionate about shark conservation since a basking shark unexpectedly joined him on a 157-day swim he took <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ap-adventurer-completes-157-day-1791-mile-swim-around-britain-2018-11">around Great Britain</a> in 2018. He hopes his exploits help people fall in love with the animals. And he wouldn't mind trying to keep up with even more shark species. "I'll put my goggles on again and find some custards," he said.

An ultra-swimmer tried to eat as much as a tiger shark and ended up consuming 40,000 calories in a day

Pilibhit (<keyword id="6357713" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Uttar-Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</keyword>), <keyword id="10322396" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-pilibhit-tiger-reserve">The Pilibhit Tiger Reserve</keyword> (PTR) and the Uttar Pradesh Forest department have bagged the first-ever international award, TX2, for doubling the number of tigers in four years against a target of 10 years. PTR was the first to receive the award among 13 tiger range countries. It achieved this goal in just four years from 2014, when it had 25 tigers which went up to 65 in 2018. The award was virtually presented to the principal chief conservator of forest (wildlife) of the state, Sunil Pandey, by UNDP's (United Nations Development Program) head of ecosystems and <keyword id="53219" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="biodiversity">biodiversity</keyword>, Mindori Paxton. Pandey said the global target of doubling the tiger population was set in 2010 by the partners in TX2 award -- UNDP, <keyword id="182243" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Global-Tiger-Forum">Global Tiger Forum</keyword>, International Union for Conservation of Nature, World Wide Fund for Nature, Conservation Assured/Tiger Standards and the Lion's Share. Naveen Khandelwal, deputy director of PTR, had applied for this award in September this year after the <keyword id="49041" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Tiger-Conservation-Authority">National Tiger Conservation Authority</keyword> (NTCA) released this year's the state-wise figures of the tiger estimation which was based on the census conducted in 2018 in all tiger reserves across the country. Khandelwal said no other tiger reserve among all the 13 tiger range countries could succeed in doubling the big cat population in a span of 10 years. He said as per the NTCA's tiger estimation report, the PTR had 57 resident and eight transit tigers in 2018. This figure did not include the tiger cubs below the age of one year. The growth of 40 tigers in a short span of four years was recognized for the TX2 award. He attributed the success to rigorous patrolling with constant use of Monitoring System for Tigers-Intensive Protection and Ecological Status (M-STrIPE), stringent action against wildlife criminals and poachers and forest and grassland management. The efforts of the forest staff, local stakeholders and wildlife enthusiasts in tiger conservation paid off, the official said. --IANS amita/dpb

Pilibhit Reserve bags a global award for doubling tiger population in four years

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Bhagavan "Doc" Antle, who was featured in <keyword id="128682" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Netflix">Netflix</keyword>'s "<keyword id="6757458" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="tiger-king">Tiger King</keyword>: Murder, Mayhem, and Madness," has been indicted on charges of wildlife trafficking and animal cruelty.</li><li>Antle is the owner of <keyword id="466454" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="wildlife-park">wildlife park</keyword> Myrtle Beach Safari in South Carolina, which lets visitors pet and cuddle with tiger cubs.</li><li>The <a href="https://www.oag.state.va.us/media-center/news-releases/1848-october-9-2020-owner-of-myrtle-beach-safari-and-owner-of-virginia-roadside-zoo-indicted-on-wildlife-trafficking-charges">Office of the Attorney General of Virginia</a> announced on Friday the findings of a months-long investigation, which found that Antle and the owner of another wildlife park in Virginia had trafficked lion cubs between Virginia and South Carolina.</li><li>Under the Endangered Species Act, it's illegal to sell protected species, including lions, across state lines.</li></ul>Bhagavan Antle, a wildlife park owner who was featured in the Netflix docuseries "Tiger King: Murder, Mayhem, and Madness" has been indicted on wildlife trafficking and animal cruelty charges.Antle, who was referred to as "Doc" Antle in "Tiger King," is the owner of <a href="https://myrtlebeachsafari.com/">Myrtle Beach Safari</a>, an animal park in South Carolina that lets visitors cuddle with and pet tiger cubs.<a href="https://www.oag.state.va.us/media-center/news-releases/1848-october-9-2020-owner-of-myrtle-beach-safari-and-owner-of-virginia-roadside-zoo-indicted-on-wildlife-trafficking-charges">The Office of the Attorney General of Virginia</a> announced on Friday that Antle has been charged with two felony counts in connection to wildlife trafficking, four misdemeanor counts of conspiracy to violate the <a href="https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-endangered-species-act">Endangered Species Act</a>, and nine misdemeanor counts related to animal cruelty. Two of Antle's daughters, Tawny Antle and Tilakum Watterson, respectively face misdemeanor charges related to animal cruelty and violating the Endangered Species Act. The indictments announced on Friday come after a months-long investigation from the Attorney General of Virginia Mark Herring's Animal Law Unit.The investigation found that Antle, along with Keith Wilson, who owns a wildlife park in Virginia, trafficked lion cubs between Virginia and South Carolina. Wilson was charged with two felony counts related to wildlife trafficking, as well as 17 misdemeanor counts related to animal cruelty and violating the Endangered Species Act.The <a href="https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-endangered-species-act">Endangered Species Act</a> states it's illegal to sell protected species, including lions, across state lines.In a <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/09/us/tiger-king-doc-antle-charged.html">statement obtained by the New York Times</a>, Antle said: "I categorically deny any act or conduct that could ever be considered as 'animal cruelty.' I have spent my entire professional life promoting the welfare and conservation of big cats and other species. I have deep regard and feelings for the <keyword id="6371668" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="animals">animals</keyword> in my care and would never hurt or abuse them in any way. I look forward to being able to answer these charges and be able to clear my good name."The press release published Friday from Virginia Attorney General Herring's office also said that in November 2019, Wilson — of Wilson's Wild Animal Park — and his nephew were indicted on <a href="https://www.oag.state.va.us/media-center/news-releases/1574-november-13-2019-owner-of-northern-virginia-roadside-zoo-and-nephew-indicted-on-animal-cruelty-charges?highlight=WyJ3aWxzb24ncyIsIndpbHNvbiJd" target="_blank" title="" rel="noopener">46 counts of animal cruelty</a>. That August, Herring's Animal Law Unit found <a href="https://www.oag.state.va.us/media-center/news-releases/1518-august-30-2019-herring-s-animal-law-unit-secures-custody-of-119-animals-seized-from-frederick-co-roadside-zoo?highlight=WyJ3aWxzb24ncyIsIndpbHNvbiJd" target="_blank" title="" rel="noopener">119 animals</a>, including lions, <keyword id="43977" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="tigers">tigers</keyword>, camels, goats, bears, and water buffalo, that Wilson had trafficked for use in his roadside zoo.The animals that were trafficked by Wilson have since been cared for by animal control agencies and animal rescue organizations, the Office of the Virginia Attorney General stated.The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/who-is-joe-exotic-maldonado-passage-tiger-king-netflix">subject of "Tiger King," former zoo operator Joe Exotic</a>, whose real name is Joseph Maldonado-Passage, is <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/animal-news/wildlife-park-owner-joe-exotic-sentenced-22-years-plot-kill-n1120566">serving 22 years in federal prison</a> in connection to a 2017 murder-for-hire scheme to kill an animal rights activist, as well as on 17 counts of animal abuse, including killing and selling tigers.Additionally, the Oklahoma zoo that was formerly owned by Exotic, the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park, <a href="https://www.insider.com/tiger-king-zoo-closed-after-animal-exhibition-license-pulled-2020-8">closed to the public in August after the US Department of Agriculture suspended its animal exhibition license</a>.Representatives for Myrtle Beach Safari, Antle, Wilson's Wild Animal Park, and Netflix, respectively, did not immediately respond to Insider's requests for comment.<ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/tiger-king-truth-carole-baskin-big-cat-rescue-2020-4">The big lie in 'Tiger King' and the truth about Carole Baskin</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/what-tiger-king-got-wrong-according-to-conservation-biologist-2020-4">A conservation biologist says the animals in 'Tiger King' were just 'background noise' to human drama</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/tiger-king-remake-adaptations-nicolas-cage-kate-mckinnon-2020-5">Everything we know about the competing 'Tiger King' adaptations, which reportedly star Nicolas Cage and Kate McKinnon</a></li></ul>

'Tiger King' star Bhagavan 'Doc' Antle has been indicted on wildlife trafficking and animal cruelty charges

The Delhi zoo has got a Royal Bengal tigress, the first in six years, from the Kanpur zoo for breeding proposes under an animal exchange programme, officials said on Thursday. The tigress, Barkha, is six years old. She will form a pair with Karan, who is also aged around 6. The Delhi zoo did not have a Royal Bengal tigress for six years despite it being a participating zoo for <keyword id="10296280" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-conservation-breeding-programme">the Conservation Breeding Programme</keyword> of <keyword id="3042" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bengal-tiger">Bengal Tiger</keyword>, according to its Director Ramesh Pandey. According to <keyword id="9302246" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-central-zoo-authority">the Central Zoo Authority</keyword>, the Conservation Breeding Programme is a science of conserving a species by preventing imminent population collapse in the wild due to a large number of eliminative pressures such as habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, industrialisation, poaching, illegal trade and climate change, etc. The Delhi zoo had three Royal Bengal tigers till a year ago. One of the three tigers, eight-year-old Rama died at the zoo in September last year due to kidney failure. He was brought from the Mysore zoo in 2014. At present, the zoo has two male Royal Bengal tigers -- B2 or Bittu and Karan -- and seven white tigers -- three females and four males. Officials said 15-year-old Bittu was not in good health and reports suggest very high presence of creatinine that affects the functioning of kidneys. Recently, the Delhi zoo acquired five species -- <keyword id="692429" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="wild-boar">wild boar</keyword>, black and grey partridge, golden pheasant, Eurasian dove and jungle cat -- from Chandigarh's Chhatbir Zoo. A male rhino from Patna will be brought soon for breeding purposes. There are two female rhinos in the Delhi zoo at present, Pandey said. It is also likely to acquire chinkara and a pair of ostrich from Chandigarh and a pair of striped hyena from Jaipur. The last chinkara of the zoo had died in June last year. "There are around 88 species in the Delhi zoo at present. We hope to increase this number to 100 by the year end," Pandey said. SEE ALSO:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/dow-tumbles-345-points-as-fresh-lockdown-measures-overshadow-vaccine-progress/articleshow/79292917.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink"> Dow tumbles 345 points as fresh lockdown measures overshadow vaccine progress</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/pfizers-new-covid-19-vaccine-is-95-effective-and-the-only-severe-side-effect-to-worry-about-is-fatigue-according-to-the-final-results/articleshow/79284286.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Pfizer's new COVID-19 vaccine is 95% effective and the only severe side-effect to worry about is fatigue, according to the final results</a>

You Searched For "tiger conservation" and got 5 results

Oceans without sharks would be far less healthy, finds new research

PTI

An ultra-swimmer tried to eat as much as a tiger shark and ended up consuming 40,000 calories in a day

Jenny McGrath

Pilibhit Reserve bags a global award for doubling tiger population in four years

IANS

'Tiger King' star Bhagavan 'Doc' Antle has been indicted on wildlife trafficking and animal cruelty charges

Darcy Schild

Delhi zoo gets Royal Bengal tigress from Kanpur for conservation breeding

PTI

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