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New York, Researchers have revealed that estrogen may lessen the severity of Covid-19 symptoms in women, adding that this may be the reason why men are at a greater risk than women for more severe outcomes from this virus.<br /><br />Estrogens are hormones that are important for sexual and reproductive development, mainly in women. They are also referred to as female sex hormones.<br /><br />For the study, published in the journal Current Hypertension Reports, the research team conducted a review of published preclinical data on sex-specific hormone activity, especially estrogen. <br /><br />"We know that <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> affects the heart and we know that estrogen is protective against cardiovascular disease in women, so the most likely explanation seemed to be hormonal differences between the sexes," said lead author Leanne Groban from <keyword id="9839949" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-wake-forest-baptist-health-centre">the Wake Forest Baptist Health Centre</keyword> in the US.<br /><br />The researchers said the published literature indicated that the angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2), which is attached to cell membranes in the heart, arteries, kidneys and intestines, is the cellular receptor of the coronavirus responsible for Covid-19 infections.<br /><br />It helps bring the virus into the cells of those organ systems.<br /><br />According to the research team, the review also pointed to estrogen's lowering the level of ACE2 in the heart, which may modulate the severity of Covid-19 in women. <br /><br />Conversely, higher levels of ACE2 in tissues could account for why the symptoms are worse in men than women, the study said.<br /><br />The reasons for the higher male sex-specific Covid-19-related mortality are likely to be multi-fold, including differences in lifestyle (e.g., higher rates of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption) and innate immunity.<br /><br />"We hope that our review regarding the role of estrogenic hormones in ACE2 expression and regulation may explain the gender differences in Covid-19 infection and outcomes, and serve as a guide for current treatment and the development of new therapies," Groban said.<br /><br />"In summary, the accumulating evidence of a somewhat lower rate of Covid-19 disease severity in women needs to be further investigated," the study authors noted. <br /><br />Earlier, several studies revealed that men are more vulnerable to Covid-19 infection.<br /><br />Recently, a study, published in <keyword id="9625198" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-european-heart-journal">the European Heart Journal</keyword>, found that men have higher concentrations of ACE2 in their blood than women, a molecule that enables the novel coronavirus to infect healthy cells in men. <br /><br />

Female sex hormone may reduce Covid-19 severity in women: Study

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A poison oak rash looks like red, swollen bumps that may blister over.</li><li> It often appears in a streaky pattern, since many people unknowingly brush up against the plant.</li><li>To treat a poison oak rash, use a steroid cream, calamine lotion, or antihistamine. </li></ul><p><a href="https://www.britannica.com/plant/poison-oak" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Poison oak</a> is a shrub that grows on the US west coast and can cause an allergic skin reaction in about<a href="https://www.americanskin.org/resource/poisonivy.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 85% of Americans</a>. Touching the plant results in an itchy, painful rash that may take a couple of weeks to fade.  </p><p>Here's what you need to know about monitoring the symptoms of your poison oak rash and how to treat the itching and discomfort. </p><h2>What are the symptoms of a poison oak rash?</h2><p>A poison oak rash tends to appear about a week or two after you're first exposed, says<a href="https://www.wakehealth.edu/Providers/F/Steven-R-Feldman" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Steven Feldman, MD</a>, a dermatologist at<a href="https://www.wakehealth.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Wake Forest Baptist Health</a>.</p><p>At the site of contact, it can cause <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/10655-poison-plants-poison-ivy--poison-oak--poison-sumac" target="_blank" rel="noopener">symptoms</a> like:</p><ul><li>Itchiness</li><li>Swelling</li><li>Redness</li><li>Blisters</li></ul><p>These rashes often appear in a streaky pattern that indicates someone has brushed up against the plant, says Feldman. </p><p>It doesn't matter what part of the poison oak plant you touch. The leaves, stem, and roots all contain <a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/10655-poison-plants-poison-ivy--poison-oak--poison-sumac" target="_blank" rel="noopener">urushiol</a>, which is the oil that triggers skin irritation and causes a rash.   </p><p>If you are exposed to urushiol - either by touching poison oak directly or something that's come into contact with the plant, like clothing -, "you'll probably have the rash for 2 weeks - basically until the outer layer of the skin goes through the natural shedding process," Feldman says.</p><p><strong>Note: </strong>Poison oak rashes tend to be <a href="https://www.iwu.edu/physical-plant/tailgate/grounds-tailgate/april-poison-ivy-oak-sumac.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">more severe</a> and quicker to appear if you've gotten the rash before. "If you are highly allergic to it from previous exposure, the rash may appear in a few days," says Feldman. </p><h2>Treatment for poison oak</h2><p>Here are a few remedies you can try to help calm any itching and discomfort.</p><h3><strong>1. Use a steroid cream or medication</strong></h3><p>An anti-inflammatory steroid cream, like<a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682793.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> hydrocortisone</a>, can help reduce symptoms like itching, redness, and swelling, says Feldman. </p><p>If your rash is severe and over-the-counter creams aren't working, your doctor can prescribe a stronger cortisone cream or an oral steroid like prednisone, Feldman says.</p><h3><strong>2. Try calamine lotion</strong></h3><p>Calamine lotion<a href="https://www.mottchildren.org/health-library/d03653a1" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> creates a cooling sensation</a> when it evaporates, which can offer relief from itching. If you have blisters on your rash, it can also help dry up any leaking fluid.<strong> </strong></p><h3><strong>3. Take an antihistamine</strong></h3><p>When you touch poison oak, your body releases histamines - messenger cells that trigger symptoms like swelling and itching. </p><p><a href="https://www.insider.com/what-are-antihistamines" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Antihistamines</a> - as the name implies - are medications that block your immune cells from reacting to histamines. These medications don't always work for poison plant rashes, but they can help reduce itching when used with other treatments like hydrocortisone, Feldman says.</p><h2>When to see a doctor</h2><p>You may need to see a doctor immediately to treat a poison oak rash if:  </p><ul><li>You get poison oak on sensitive areas of your body like your eyes, mouth, or genitals.</li><li>You have any<a href="https://urgentcaresouthaven.com/how-to-treat-poison-ivy-oak-and-sumac-and-when-to-go-to-a-doctor/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> signs of infection</a>, including:</li><ul><li>New red streaks appearing on your skin</li><li>Pus or yellow scabs on your rash</li><li>A fever over 100 degrees Fahrenheit</li></ul></ul><ul><li>Your symptoms seem to be getting worse after<a href="https://www.aad.org/public/everyday-care/itchy-skin/poison-ivy/treat-rash" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> seven to ten days</a> of the rash appearing.</li></ul><p>You should also see a doctor "if it is so severe that you cannot stand the itching," Feldman says.</p><h2><strong>Insider's takeaway</strong></h2><p>For most people, poison oak causes an itchy and uncomfortable rash that can last at least a week. </p><p>There are several home remedies you can try to ease your symptoms, like taking antihistamines or using ointments on your skin. </p><p>However, if your rash is severe, isn't getting better with treatment, or looks like it's infected, you should get medical attention as soon as possible.</p><a data-type="60d0d833b1ab1a4aaf6c4fe7">How to spot and treat a poison sumac rash</a><a data-type="60d5045bb0b35f44ff30c0a7">All the ways you can get and spread poison ivy, even years later</a><a data-type="5ef25dbe1918242abd3a28cc">6 home remedies for mosquito bites to stop your itch and provide relief</a><a data-type="5f4573df2618b93a327f2581">The 5 best home remedies for poison ivy, according to dermatologists</a>

How to tell if you have a poison oak rash and how to treat it

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Chad Carswell was told by doctors he needs a kidney transplant to live, <a href="https://www.ksla.com/2022/01/30/man-willing-die-rather-than-get-covid-vaccine-transplant/?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_campaign=snd&amp;utm_content=ksla" rel="nofollow">WSOC reported.</a></li><li>But the hospital said he and his donor must be fully vaccinated for the transplant to happen, WSOC said.</li></ul><p>An unvaccinated North Carolina man turned down a life-saving kidney transplant over a hospital's vaccination policy, <a href="https://www.ksla.com/2022/01/30/man-willing-die-rather-than-get-covid-vaccine-transplant/?utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_campaign=snd&amp;utm_content=ksla">telling WSOC</a> he will "die free."</p><p>Chad Carswell, who is a double amputee and has undergone major heart surgeries, told WSOC that he needs dialysis three times a week because his kidney is working at only 4%.</p><p>He said doctors at Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Hospital in Winston-Salem told him that he needed a kidney transplant to live.</p><p>But the hospital said that in order to receive the surgery, Carswell and his donor must be fully vaccinated against COVID-19, WSOC reported.</p><p>Carswell decided to turn down the surgery instead, telling WSOC: "I was born free. I will die free. I'm not changing my mind."</p><p>"I've had conversations with my family and everybody that's close to me. They know where I stand, and it'll not be a situation that occurs that I will choose to change my mind on this topic."</p><p>Carswell said he stands by his decision and is now looking at other hospitals to see if they will perform the surgery without the vaccination requirement.</p><p>A spokesperson for the hospital told Insider in a statement: "Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist's policy follows the current standard of care in the United States, which is to vaccinate all patients on waiting lists or being evaluated for transplant."</p><p style="font-weight: 400;">Transplant patients are at high risk for severe illness if they don't have preexisting immunity prior to being transplanted, Dr. Alyssa Burgart, a transplant anesthesiologist and bioethicist at Stanford University <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hospital-denies-heart-transplant-to-man-who-refused-covid-vaccine-2022-1?r=US&amp;IR=T">previously told Insider.</a></p><p style="font-weight: 400;">"A patient's ability to fight off a lot of diseases can be compromised. And so for many transplant programs, [vaccination] is seen as a way to protect the patient and the organ."</p>

A man turned down a life-saving kidney transplant over his hospital's vaccination policy, saying he 'will die free'

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="47560" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="ups">UPS</keyword>, along with other delivery and logistics companies, is in a race to launch regular, commercial drone delivery systems.</li><li>In the past few months, UPS has begun pilot programs with CVS and a major hospital system, using <keyword id="94769" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="drones">drones</keyword> to make deliveries and transport critical supplies.</li><li>In an exclusive interview with Business Insider, UPS' VP of Advanced Technologies explained how the <keyword id="8763838" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid-19">COVID-19</keyword> pandemic has highlighted the use cases for drones.</li></ul><p>The logistics industry has been buzzing about drone delivery for years, but aside from a few high-profile pilot programs and conceptual tests, the tech has failed to materialize as a real-world solution for moving goods.</p><p>But drones are steadily coming closer to serving a practical use, according to Bala Ganesh, head of the Advanced Technologies Group at UPS.</p><p>"What we are right now in the process of, as we work through the integration pilot program with the FAA, is turn[ing] the corner to get to a more sustainable operation," Ganesh told Business Insider during an exclusive interview at the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKMueU2_8dQ&amp;feature=youtu.beu.be">IGNITION: Transportation</a> summit this week. "What we've been in so far has been a test and learn journey."</p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has only heightened the urgency of drone delivery — and highlighted its potential.</p><p>"The initial step for drones would be in this critical health care slash other industries that really require something urgently," Ganesh said. "As the technology becomes more mature and costs go down," he said, drones could be integrated into more routine purposes and deliveries.</p><p>UPS has launched two health care-related trials during the pandemic. One, at the Villages retirement community in Florida, delivers prescription medication to residents from a nearby CVS. The other, at the Wake Forest Baptist health system in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, offers fast shipping of time-sensitive medical supplies and PPE between the health system's central campus and its other locations.</p><p>A key challenge to taking drone deliveries mainstream is the complex approvals needed from the FAA, as well as methods to avoid nearby air traffic. That, coupled with the difficulties of navigating around tall and dense development, makes it likely that drone deliveries will start out in rural and suburban areas, Ganesh said.</p><p>One of the most interesting use cases the company has explored, Ganesh said, is a "driver assist" system, in which each time the driver makes a delivery stop in a rural location, they launch the drone from the top of their truck and have it make the next delivery on the route. It would effectively double the number of deliveries a driver can make in a given time.</p><p>While drone delivery in cities is still something UPS plans to develop, that will likely come later, Ganesh said.</p><p>"There's a lot of ideas" to solve the challenge of urban drone delivery, Ganesh said. "I'm sure that time will come," he added, "but it may not be the medium term."</p>

A UPS exec reveals how the pressures of the pandemic can make drone deliveries a reality as it starts flying medical supplies, PPE, and medicine

<ul class="summary-list"><li>This story was delivered to Business Insider Intelligence Digital Health Pro subscribers earlier this morning.</li><li><a href="https://store.businessinsider.com/products/digital-health-pro-membership?IR=T&amp;itm_source=businessinsider&amp;itm_medium=content_marketing&amp;itm_campaign=briefing_post&amp;itm_content=top_text&amp;itm_term=bundle_subscription_text_link-alzheimers-rates-tripled-for-younger-us-adults-2020-2">To get this story plus others to your inbox each day, hours before they're published on Business Insider, click here.</a></li></ul><p>A new <a href="https://e.businessinsider.com/click/19566859.4/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmNicy5jb20vdGhlLWhlYWx0aC1vZi1hbWVyaWNhL3JlcG9ydHMvZWFybHktb25zZXQtZGVtZW50aWEtYWx6aGVpbWVycy1kaXNlYXNlLWFmZmVjdGluZy15b3VuZ2VyLWFtZXJpY2FuLWFkdWx0cw/5d233c18f730436f2414784fB8630f34c" target="_blank" rel="noopener">analysis</a> of Blue Cross and Blue Shield health insurance claims from 2013 to 2017 showed that early onset dementia and Alzheimer's disease diagnoses tripled among commercially insured adults in the US ages 30 to 64, <a href="https://e.businessinsider.com/click/19566859.4/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZm9yYmVzLmNvbS9zaXRlcy9icnVjZWphcHNlbi8yMDIwLzAyLzI3L2JsdWUtY3Jvc3MtYWx6aGVpbWVycy1oYXMtdHJpcGxlZC1hbW9uZy1hZHVsdHMtYXMteW91bmctYXMtMzAvIzc0ODdmNTQ5NGQyOA/5d233c18f730436f2414784fB299ab003" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to</a> Forbes.</p><p>We've seen some digital health players start making strides in better assessing cognitive impairment. For example, in November 2019, Dutch health tech giant Philips <a href="https://e.businessinsider.com/click/19566859.4/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UuYnVzaW5lc3NpbnNpZGVyLmNvbS9wb3N0L2ludml0YWUtbGF1bmNoZXMtYWZpYi1yZXNlYXJjaC1hcHAtZm9yLWFwcGxlLXdhdGNoP2NpZD1zZWFyY2g/5d233c18f730436f2414784fB3c5cba10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">launched</a> its IntelliSpace Cognition digital platform to help clinicians quickly assess, quantify, and track patients' cognitive impairment over time.</p><p>And its platform helped overcome a treatment bottleneck caused by the limited number of neuropsychologists able to conduct these kinds of cognitive assessments, which can help clinicians' stymie the progression of dementia and prevent cognitive impairment from becoming cognitive decline. And a month later, Alphabet's Verily <a href="https://e.businessinsider.com/click/19566859.4/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UuYnVzaW5lc3NpbnNpZGVyLmNvbS9wb3N0L2V4cHJlc3Mtc2NyaXB0cy1kaXZ1bGdlcy1kaWdpdGFsLWhlYWx0aC1mb3JtdWxhcnktZGV0YWlscy1wcmVjaXNpb24tbWVkaWNpbmUtc3RhcnR1cC10ZWFtcy11cC13aXRoLWN2cy1hbHBoYWJldC1kZWx2ZXMtaW50by1hZ2luZy1yZXNlYXJjaC0yMDE5LTEyP2NpZD1zZWFyY2g/5d233c18f730436f2414784fB33a47b64" target="_blank" rel="noopener">partnered</a> with researchers at Wake Forest Baptist Health to test health interventions aimed at improving the physical and cognitive independence of aging adults.</p><p>But digital health players should double down on their efforts to combat cognitive decline to become attractive partners to payers dealing with steep treatment costs for a growing population. The growing number of patients diagnosed with early onset dementia and Alzheimer's underscores that there's a large gap in understanding what can be done to prevent cognitive decline.</p><p>And with <a href="https://e.businessinsider.com/click/19566859.4/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWx6Lm9yZy9hbHpoZWltZXJzLWRlbWVudGlhL2ZhY3RzLWZpZ3VyZXM/5d233c18f730436f2414784fB0291e7d9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">14 million</a> US citizens projected to be living with Alzheimer's by 2050, the timing is right for digital health players to fully commit to their cognitive impairment programs. And we think payers would view potential tie-ups with startups working to combat cognitive decline favorably, considering the potential to reduce the <a href="https://e.businessinsider.com/click/19566859.4/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWx6Lm9yZy9hbHpoZWltZXJzLWRlbWVudGlhL2ZhY3RzLWZpZ3VyZXM/5d233c18f730436f2414784fC0291e7d9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$350,174</a> in approximate lifetime costs of care for an individual living with dementia.</p><p>And while a cure for Alzheimer's is still far off, providers can take immediate steps such as implementing AI for early detection to positively impact patients in the near term. In August 2019, MIT researchers found that their AI-based approach to Alzheimer's detection could predict clinically significant cognitive decline in at-risk patients as early as <a href="https://e.businessinsider.com/click/19566859.4/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbnRlbGxpZ2VuY2UuYnVzaW5lc3NpbnNpZGVyLmNvbS9wb3N0L3RydW1wcy10YXJpZmZzLWJyaW5nLW1vcmUtaW5zdGFiaWxpdHktZm9yLXVzLWhlYWx0aC1maXJtcz9jaWQ9c2VhcmNo/5d233c18f730436f2414784fB015ee8f7" target="_blank" rel="noopener">two years</a> in advance.</p><p>And providers would be wise to consider leveraging AI technology to detect early onset Alzheimer's and prevent progression of the disease, given that it could cost the US more than <a href="https://e.businessinsider.com/click/19566859.4/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYWx6Lm9yZy9hbHpoZWltZXJzLWRlbWVudGlhL2ZhY3RzLWZpZ3VyZXM/5d233c18f730436f2414784fD0291e7d9" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$1.1 trillion</a> by 2050 and place an even heavier weight on the already overburdened US healthcare system.</p><p><em><strong>Want to read more stories like this one? 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US Alzheimer's diagnoses tripled among 30- to 64-year-olds according to a Blue Cross and Blue Shield analysis

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Shutterstock/Jay Ondreicka</span></p><p class="caption">Chiggers are only about 1/150th of an inch wide, but cause a powerful itch.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul class="summary-list"><li><strong>Tiny red larvae from chiggers might be spreading an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/lone-star-tick-alpha-gal-red-meat-allergy-2018-5">allergy to alpha-gal</a>, a sugar in meat from most mammals that can also be found in dairy products and certain medications.</strong></li><li><strong>This allergy is often referred to as a red meat allergy and it <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/lone-star-ticks-alpha-gal-meat-allergy-heart-disease-risk-2018-6">can be severe</a>, triggering a potentially life-threatening reaction.</strong></li><li><strong>Within the past 10 years, researchers discovered that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/where-ticks-spread-disease-in-the-us-2018-7">certain ticks could also spread this allergy</a>.</strong></li></ul><p><br />In the past 10 years, the world learned for the first time that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/lone-star-tick-alpha-gal-red-meat-allergy-2018-5">certain ticks could spread a severe allergy to meat</a>.</p><p>The allergy is actually to alpha-galactose (or alpha-gal), a sugar that's found in the meat of most mammals, and can also be found in dairy products and certain medications. This allergy can be quite serious, provoking anything from mild hives to life-threatening, throat-closing anaphylaxis.</p><p>But it might not just be ticks that are spreading this new allergy, according <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213219818304495?via%3Dihub">to a study</a> published in the August issue of The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice. Chiggers, as the tiny red larvae of certain arachnid mites in the <em>Trombiculidae</em> family are known, may also be spreading the alpha-gal allergy.</p><p>Chiggers are tough to spot because they're so small - only <a href="http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/its-chigger-season-again-what-are-chiggers-anyway#stream/0">about 1/150th of an inch</a> - but their bites cause an intense itch that can lead people to scratch so hard they <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/001333.htm">develop secondary infections</a>.</p><p>Chigger larvae eventually develop into eight-legged arachnids. They're more closely related to ticks than they are to insects like mosquitoes.</p><p>While researchers aren't yet certain that these creatures are spreading the same meat allergy, a growing number of patient reports indicate that possibility.</p><p>"With those symptoms, doctors usually ask if the person has had a tick bite recently. But we started seeing patients with the same symptoms who said they hadn't had a tick bite, only chigger bites," said Dr. Russell Traister, an assistant professor of pulmonary, critical care, allergy and immunologic diseases at Wake Forest Baptist, and an author of the new study.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Shutterstock</span></p><p class="caption">It's possible these creatures spread the same allergy to mammalian meat that bites from lone star ticks do.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>A possible connection to chigger bites</h2><p>People don't necessarily see or notice when they get bitten by a chigger, and it takes a few hours for the itch to kick in. Even if they look closely, they may not spot the creatures, though a soapy wash will help remove them from the skin.</p><p>As doctors have started to examine more and more patients that show up with the symptoms of alpha-gal allergy, which include a delayed allergic reaction that kicks in anywhere between three and 12 hours later, they've started to regularly ask if these patients know whether they've been bitten by lone star ticks.</p><p>In some cases, patients can't remember tick bites, but know they've recently been bitten by chiggers. Unlike ticks, these larvae aren't looking for a blood meal. They're just <a href="https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/chiggers.page">biting and dissolving a bit of skin with their saliva</a>, so they can then feed on that. They swarm in huge numbers, and the itch is distinctive.</p><p>In the new study, the authors describe three case reports of patients in North Carolina, Ohio, and Virginia, all of whom recalled reactions to chigger bites before they developed their alpha-gal allergies. The authors also cite a survey of 311 alpha-gal patients seen at the University of Virginia who were asked about recent tick or chigger bites. At least 301 of those patients knew they'd been bitten, but 5.5% of that group only remembered chigger bites, not tick bites.</p><p>This is concerning, because even though lone star ticks are widespread and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/lone-star-tick-alpha-gal-red-meat-allergy-2018-5">expanding their range</a>, it could mean that yet another common creature is spreading the same health problems. Some form of chigger can be found in most of the world. In the US, they're <a href="http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/its-chigger-season-again-what-are-chiggers-anyway#stream/0">most common</a> in the South and Midwest, but are found at least as far <a href="https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/health/health-topics/chiggers.page">north as New York</a>.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>CDC</span></p><p class="caption">The larvae of lone star ticks are about the same size as chiggers.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>Lingering questions</h2><p>Since there's geographic crossover between these creatures and the lone star tick, which is most common in the Southeast of the US, it's hard to be certain that chiggers are the cause of allergies in these patients.</p><p>Lone star ticks are quite aggressive, <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/stari/disease/">according to the CDC</a>. They bite humans at all life stages - even the tick larvae feed on people, unlike with all<a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2012/11/ticked-about-growing-allergy-meat"> other American ticks</a>. These larvae are tiny and easily confused with chiggers, the authors of the new study wrote. Sometimes they even swarm people, like chiggers do.</p><p>In order to figure out for sure whether or not chiggers are spreading these allergies, researchers will look for traces of alpha-gal in chiggers and their saliva, which could be a sign that they can cause the allergy. For now, they want doctors to be aware there's another potential vector for a red meat allergy.</p><p>"In the meantime, we want allergists to be aware that patients may report chigger bites, and based on that fact alone should not dismiss alpha-gal sensitization as a possible diagnosis," Traister said in a statement.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/most-extreme-animal-newborns-babies-2018-8">The 5 most extreme newborns in the animal kingdom</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

The red meat allergy that's spread by ticks might also be spread by a common itchy pest

<p>Earlier this week we presented the thesis from Credit Suisse that <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-3-d-printing-market-will-be-huge-2013-9">not only is 3-D printing not a flash in the pan</a>, existing market research reports have actually understated its potential market. <keyword id="149632" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="60" keywordseo="3-D">3-D</keyword> printing is exactly what it sounds like: making 3-D objects from a device that's conceptually more like a printer than from a typical <keyword id="6362048" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Manufacturing">manufacturing</keyword> process.</p>
<p>But we wanted to get a little bit more specific about where exactly this is going to happen.</p>
<p>So with the help of an excellent report <a href="http://www.csc.com/solutions">from consulting firm CSC</a>, we now present five industries that are already feeling the effects of 3-D printing's imminent dominance - for better or worse. <span style="font-size: 1.5em; color: #000000;"> </span></p>
<h2><keyword id="20632" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Cars">Cars</keyword></h2>
<p>The automotive industry was <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/31/business/computers-turn-design-on-its-prototypical-ear.html?pagewanted=all&amp;src=pm">one of the earliest adapters</a> of 3-D printing to produce parts.</p>
<p>But we could soon start seeing whole cars (or at least their bodies) printed. That's the business model for <a href="http://korecologic.com/">Urbee</a> ("urban electric"), a startup auto company that wants to make the greenest car on earth. Stratsys, one of Credit Suisse's top stocks for investing in 3-D printing, <a href="http://korecologic.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/2013-03-06-redeye-on-demand-kor-ecologic-collaborate-for-urbee-2-car.pdf">just signed on as Urbee's sponsor for digital printing.</a></p>
<h2>Defense</h2>
<p>A company called <a href="http://www.eoir.com/">EOIR Technologies</a> developed a way to mass produce camera gun sights for M1 Abrams tanks and Bradley fighting vehicles using 3-D printing.</p>
<p>Accroding to CSC, that cut the cost of manufacturing the gear by 60%. </p>
<p>The Air Force is also in the initial stages of pumping out components of otherwise highly sensitive and expensive systems, like drones, in order to use them in training exercises.</p>
<p><div class="image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source">REUTERS/US NAVY/PH1 William F. Gowdy</p><p class="caption">A United States Army M1A1 Abrams tank rolls across the Egyptian desert sporting the stars and stripes flag October 25, 2001.</p></div></div></p>
<h2>Medicine</h2>
<p>Pick almost any simple soft-tissue organ - ears, fingers, even kidneys - and it's already being printed on a 3-D machine. So are 90% of all hearing aids, as well as an increasing number of dental equipment and hip and knee replacements, according to Credit Suisse.</p>
<p><div class="image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><a href="http://www.wakehealth.edu/news/downloads/">Wake Forest Baptist</a></p><p class="caption">Printing a kidney.</p></div></div></p>
<h2>Airplanes</h2>
<p>Boeing now uses 3-D printers <a href="http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/manufacturing/story/2012-07-10/digital-manufacturing/56135298/1">to create 300 different parts</a> for its products.</p>
<p>For instance, according to CSC, Boeing's environmental control ducting (<a href="http://www.aircrafttech.com/services/env-control-system-ducting">basically specialized tubes</a>) used to have to be assembled from 20 small parts; now it's pumped out as a single piece.</p>
<p>This reduces inventory and maintenace costs, and also lowers fuel costs since the part is lighter. Some aerospace manufacturers are also deploying on-site printers for certain parts, reducing shipping costs.</p>
<h2>Brick and mortar <keyword id="6354851" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Retail">retail</keyword></h2>
<p>If some storefront retailers are on the brink, 3-D printing may push them over the edge.</p>
<p>Thanks to at-home printers - <a href="http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/08/3d-printing-goes-mainstream-retail/278862/">as well as places like UPS that have begun setting up printers at their stores</a> -  you may soon be able to print pretty much any relatively simple consumer good that would fit on your desktop.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/useful-3d-printer-projects-2013-9">We've previously discussed</a> what some of those objects are. </p>
<p>CSC has a great, illustrative story of how at-home 3-D printing could accelerate the decline of storefronts:</p>
<p style="padding-left: 30px;">"Recently, one of our researchers faced the prospect of a 14-hour flight holding an ebook reader, with no time to buy a reader stand before leaving for the flight. After a few minutes searching on <a href="http://www.thingiverse.com/">Thingiverse.com</a> [a site offering 3-D printing files], <strong>he was able to download a foldable stand design, print it in 45 minutes, and use it on the flight that night."  </strong></p>
<p>Here's what it looked like:</p>
<p><div class="image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"><p class="source">CSC</p></div></div></div></p>
<p>Again, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-3-d-printing-market-will-be-huge-2013-9#ixzz2fLTUG8Tq">Credit Suisse says</a> 3-D printing could drive up to 30% of revenue growth for <span style="line-height: 1.5em;">aerospace, automotive, health care, and consumer sectors.</span></p>
<p>Time to pay attention.<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-3-d-printing-market-will-be-huge-2013-9#ixzz2fLTUG8Tq"></a></p>

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