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<ul class="summary-list"><li>Babies born by <keyword id="27592" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="C-section">C-section</keyword> may be at a higher risk for immune-related conditions than babies who are born vaginally.</li><li>The reason for this could be that, at birth, <keyword id="1067287" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="C-section-babies">C-section babies</keyword> don't ingest their mothers' <keyword id="344898" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="microbiota">microbiota</keyword>, which can boost their immune <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">health</keyword>.</li><li>A new study published in the journal Cell found that serving babies a small portion of their mothers' poop could improve their microbiota. </li></ul>Feeding babies born by C-section a small amount of their mothers' poop may help them get the same healthy start as babies who are born vaginally, a study published on Thursday in the <a href="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(20)31089-8?utm_source=EA">journal Cell found.</a>C-section babies have "really different" microbiota than babies born vaginally, which may explain why C-section babies develop immune-related conditions such as, asthma, allergies, type one diabetes, and other health issues later on in life, said Willem de Vos, a co-author of the study and professor of human microbiomics ​at the University of Helsinki. Microbiota refer to the microbes living in a person's gut, which play an essential role in building the immune system in early life. C-section babies tend to <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02807-x">lack strains of gut bacteria</a> that healthy children and adults have. They also often harbor harmful microbes that are common in hospitals. This may be because babies born vaginally ingest their mothers' microbiota in her vagina and perineum during birth, and C-section babies don't. "This is a gift the mother gives to her baby," Sture Andersson, a co-author of the study, said of the transfer of microbial material in a vaginal delivery. Serving a newborn born by C-section a little bit of their mother's poop may help them get that same "gift."<h2>Babies born by C-section were fed a small portion of their mothers' poop mixed with breast milk</h2>For the study, the authors solicited seven mothers who had scheduled C-sections. The authors collected poop samplings from each woman to test for pathogens. After the births, each baby was fed about three-and-a-half milligrams of their mother's feces, mixed with breast milk.The babies' fecal microbiota was tested at birth, and they remained in the hospital for two days to be monitored for complications. The babies' were tested regularly for three months. At that point, the C-section babies' microbiota was similar to the microbiota of babies born vaginally, Willem said. It was significantly different from babies born via C-section who didn't receive the fecal transplant. The study demonstrated that "we can normalize the microbiota development in early life by fecal matter transplant of C-section born babies," Willem said. With further research, and more safety and efficacy data, fecal transfers at birth could become common practice for C-section babies in the future, Willem said. Willem also emphasized that this is something that should only be implemented in a clinical setting, and not be attempted at home. In the past, doctors had tried other approaches to give missing microbiota to babies born by C-section. That has included swabbing a baby's face with vaginal fluid after birth and giving certain probiotics. Swabbing hasn't worked, Willem said. There's no consensus as to which probiotics work, if any at all."It may be better to have a more natural way of getting the right microbes in the C-section baby," Willem said.<ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/high-screen-time-use-kids-linked-to-lower-brain-development-2019-11">There's evidence that high levels of screen time in preschoolers may hinder brain development</a></li><li><a href="http://static6.insider.com/katy-perry-kylie-jenner-how-bodies-changed-pregnancy-2020-8">Katy Perry, Kylie Jenner, and 6 other celebrity moms on how their bodies changed during pregnancy</a></li><li><a href="http://static4.insider.com/coronavirus-pandemic-children-with-disabilities-regression-2020-6">Children with disabilities are losing skills they worked hard to develop as they're forced to miss school. Parents worry about what's next.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/how-reggio-emilia-city-in-italy-became-known-preschool-model-2020-9">How Reggio Emilia, a small city in Northern Italy, became one of the biggest buzzwords in progressive preschools</a></li></ul>

Feeding C-section babies their mother's poop could improve their immune systems, study finds

<ul class="summary-list"><li>I had an urgent <keyword id="11976615" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="c-section" source="Orion">C-section</keyword> with my first child at 37 weeks. </li><li>I was totally unprepared and knew nothing about what happens during and after surgery. </li></ul>To say that I was unprepared the first time I got pregnant would be an understatement. I knew nothing about pregnancy, <keyword id="12166983" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="birth" source="Orion">birth</keyword>, and taking care of babies. In fact, I had never changed a diaper before my son was born.I had focused all my energy on learning about unassisted births because that was my goal. I had a superb team of midwives who followed my uneventful pregnancy without too many invasive tests. However, my baby decided to stay breech for quite some time, and after one of my last ultrasounds the pregnancy became high-risk and high-intervention: I had very low amniotic fluid and my son had to be born via <a href="https://www.insider.com/emergency-c-section">an urgent C-section</a>. This was the opposite of what I had prepared for, and I panicked — mostly because I didn't know what was going to happen, so I was processing things as they occurred. Years later I had another <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-long-does-a-c-section-take">C-section</a>, but this time I was confident from start to finish because <a href="https://www.insider.com/c-section-recovery">I knew exactly what was coming</a>. I was prepared for the things that shocked me the first time, like shaking after birth and taking care of my stitches. Overall, I had a better experience giving birth.Here's what I wish I knew the first time around.<h2>You still feel things with spinal anesthesia</h2>The first thing that surprised me, and freaked me out a bit, was that I could still feel things once my spinal anesthesia was placed. I could still wiggle my toes and feel where the doctor's hands were, even though I couldn't feel pain.During my second C-section, my obstetrician did a feeling test before starting the surgery. I could feel her pinch and said so loudly, so she requested my anesthesia to be upped. I also could feel the hands inside of me while the doctor and nurses moved organs out of the way for the baby to come out. It is as trippy as it sounds. <h2>Shaking is normal</h2>Right after my first child was born, my entire body started to shake uncontrollably. The anesthesiologist held my hand, told me it was normal, and to just let the shakes go through my body. This happens in most births, and it's due to the <a href="https://health.clevelandclinic.org/intense-shivering-after-your-babys-born-youve-got-postpartum-chills/">hormonal changes the body goes through</a>.I also got nauseous after my second C-section, in part from the shaking and because the birth took a bit longer since I was pregnant with twins. I let the team know and they ran medications through my IV to make me feel more comfortable. <h2>You'll have a catheter in after surgery</h2>I was unaware that a catheter was inserted after my spinal anesthesia kicked in, so you can imagine how surprised I was when the nurse came to my room to see if I was ready to walk, and also <a href="https://www.lamaze.org/Giving-Birth-with-Confidence/GBWC-Post/is-it-true-a-series-you-need-a-catheter-for-labor-1#:~:text=Almost%20everyone%20who%20has%20a,catheter%20during%20a%20c%2Dsection.">remove the bag full of pee</a> from the side of my bed. Looking back, it makes sense to have one since you can't walk for about 24 hours after surgery, or until the anesthesia wears off, meaning you can't feel if your bladder is full or even walk to the bathroom. I didn't feel the catheter going in, but getting it removed was not pain-free. <h2>Sleeping at the hospital is hard</h2>"Sleep when the baby sleeps" is the first piece of advice new moms are given. That's not possible when you are in the hospital recovering from major abdominal surgery. I had many middle-of-the-night checkups, which usually did not coincide when my baby was awake and feeding. That meant I got little to no sleep.The check-ups, however, can be life-saving. I lost a considerable amount of blood and was severely anemic because of my second C-section, which meant I got iron transfusions around the clock. <h2>You can't eat immediately after</h2>I had read stories about people's first meal after giving birth and was excited to eat a rare burger, fries, and a milkshake, only to be told by a nurse that I should chew on ice chips for the next 12 hours.I was already starving from having had nothing to eat or drink during the day while waiting for surgery and was now hangry knowing I wouldn't be getting food until breakfast. <h2>Going to the bathroom feels weird</h2>Peeing and pooping after any kind of birth needs to be talked about more. It's not a comfortable experience for most. In my case, I felt like my stitches were going to rip open just from sitting down. This feeling lasted for weeks, and looking back I think it was more mental than anything else. A good amount of blood can also come out of the vagina after birth, which makes things more complicated when cleaning up after using the toilet. While all birth experiences are different, knowing what to expect and when helped me recover faster, both physically and mentally. Looking back, I wish I had read as much about C-sections and postpartum recovery as I did about pregnancy and vaginal birth.

6 things I wish I knew about C-sections before having one

The subject of income tax is a tricky one to understand. There are a number of nuances you will need to master to be able to approach it in the right way. Without doing the necessary homework, a lot of people get confused. During the tax season, many are stressed out trying to figure out the ways to file the income tax returns in a smart way. In fact, without knowing the different legitimate provisions, many people end up paying more taxes than what is necessary. Rebate under 87A is a very useful section of the income tax law in India. Knowing about it can help you save on your taxes. Never hesitate to learn To understand the basics of the income tax law, you need not be a graduate in accountancy. Taxation is everyone’s subject and hence you must give some time to consult authentic sources to become familiar at least with some important segments of taxation laws. There are no doubt a lot of tax consulting professionals and agencies. However, quite often they might not give you a clear picture of the taxation laws. When you learn some important topics related to tax laws, you will be surprised on how much you can save on taxes. Income tax rebate Income tax rebate is a very important topic related to taxation. This is because it equates the tax in reference to the income brackets. Highlights of Section 87A Income Tax Rebate <ul><li>This refund is available only for Indian residents. To be able to get this refund, you must have your Aadhaar card and birth certificate proving your Indian citizenship. Once you have them, you can file for tax <keyword id="7836302" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="rebate-under-section-87a">rebate under Section 87A</keyword>. Know that non-resident Indians cannot apply for this rebate under this section. </li><li>Men and women can both avail of this rebate. To be able to benefit from this rebate, your income must fall under the specific bracket.</li><li>Rebate under the 87A clause is applicable to the individuals under a specific income. This will mean that the individuals whose income does not exceed Rs. 3,50,000 per annum can claim the rebate under Section 87A. the rebate allowed under 87 A clause has an upper cap of Rs. 2,500. This rebate is applied before adding up the Education cess which is 3%. Those individuals with a taxable income of between Rs. 3,50,000 and Rs. 5,00,000, are eligible to claim a maximum rebate up to Rs. 5,000.</li><li>This rebate is available only to individuals. So, Hindu undivided families (HUFs), firms and companies will not be able to apply for this rebate under this section. Section 87A is applicable only to individuals who wish to avail of the tax rebate provision.</li></ul>Take home Salary A lot of people try to avoid paying taxes or project only less of their income in order to evade taxes or make illegitimate savings on taxes. Tax evasion is a serious offense and can lead to heavy fines and imprisonment. It is, therefore, necessary for all individuals to learn about the subject of income tax and file the income tax returns properly from time to time.

Explained: What Is Rebate Under 87A

<keyword id="860096" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Section-497">Section 497</keyword> of the <keyword id="75223" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Penal-Code">Indian Penal Code</keyword> has become a hot topic following an important ruling by the Supreme Court which scrapped this law altogether. Here we discuss in length about this law and what it implied so far. Section 497 of the India Penal Code deals with adultery. The recent judgment by the Supreme Court overturned there earlier rulings that upheld that the said law was constitutional. As per the Supreme Court’s recent decision, Section 497 of IPC goes against the constitution of India and hence need to be scrapped altogether. The bench that pronounced the recent judgment consisted of five judges including the Chief Justice <keyword id="6355251" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="dipak-misra">Dipak Misra</keyword>, and Justices R F Nariman, A M Khanwilkar, DY Chandrachud and Indu Malhotra. Overview of Section 497 of IPC Section 497 of IPC says it is a punishable offense for a man to have sexual intercourse with a married woman without the consent of her husband. The man committing such an offense can be imprisoned for five years or more and can also be asked to pay a fine. Understanding ‘adultery’ in the legal context The dictionary meaning of the term adultery reads thus, "adultery is a voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person who is not their spouse". The petitioners wish to address a few problems connected to Section 497 of IPC as explained hereunder. One big concern regarding this law is that it does not appear to be gender-neutral. In case of any act of adultery committed, the law calls for punishing the man but not the woman involved. Section 497 does not enable a woman to file a complaint against her husband when he has had sexual intercourse with another woman. A number of people call this an anti-woman law since the law seems to reduce a woman as a mere object. As per what the said law implies, a man does not need the consent of the woman to have sexual intercourse with her. The law only says, the said act will not be a crime if the woman’s husband agrees for the act. How the Supreme Court interpreted Section 497 of IPC The judges have stated recently that the Section 497 seems outdated. In fact, it appears to violate the Articles 14 and 21 of the IPC. While commenting on the said law, the justices remarked, "Adultery can be ground for civil issues including dissolution of marriage but it cannot be a criminal offence." The bench also added further that Section 497 looked 'unconstitutional' as it violates the right to equality. There are no reasons whatsoever to continue this law that does not serve the intended purpose. Nevertheless, the Supreme Court upheld that adultery can be a valid ground for applying for divorce. Talking at length about the law and the reasons for scrapping the law, Justice DY Chandrachud commented that Section 497 deprives women of their dignity. CJI Misra said, "Women must be treated with equality with men. Any discrimination shall invite wrath of Constitution. A woman can't be asked to think the way society desires."

What is Section 497 IPC

<ul><li>Mumbai Police has imposed Section 144 on September 27 in many areas of Mumbai particularly the business district.</li><li>This prevents 'unlawful assembly' among other restrictions in the areas mentioned.</li><li>The move has been triggered by the decision of a senior politician <keyword id="6364749" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sharad-Pawar">Sharad Pawar</keyword> to visit the Enforcement Directorate in connection with a corruption case.</li></ul>Mumbai Police has imposed Section 144 on September 27 in many areas of Mumbai particularly the business district. The Bombay Stock Exchange as well as the Reserve Bank of India are in the vicinity of the areas mentioned by the Mumbai Police. The move has been triggered by the decision of a senior politician Sharad Pawar which is in the opposition in the state-- to visit the Enforcement Directorate in connection with a corruption case at Maharashtra State Cooperative Bank. The ED <a href="https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/ed-registers-case-against-sharad-pawar-70-others-in-maharashtra-cooperative-bank-fraud-case-4471211.html" target="_blank">registered a case</a> against Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) chief Sharad Pawar -- an opposition leader in the state assembly-- and his nephew Ajit Pawar, among 70 other officials of the Maharashtra State Co-operative (MSC) Bank for an alleged fraud pegged at ₹25,000 crore. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="MumbaiPolice" handlename="Mumbai Police" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/681175613399408640/4oFS6Qqo_normal.jpg" favoritecount="685" retweetcount="422" status="Dear Mumbaikars! Please be advised that prohibitory orders have been issued u/s 144 CrPC for the following jurisdic… https://t.co/ph1UQEoVyT" createdat="1569521569000" id="1177284908307206144"></div>



 These are the key areas where Section 144 has been imposed. 
	
 <div type="image" title="mumbai map" msid="71319810" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Section 144 imposed on Friday at Colaba Police Station (PS) , Cuffe Parade PS, Marine Drive PS, Azad Maidan PS, Dongri PS, JJ Marg PS, MRA Marg PS.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 What are the restrictions imposed under Section 144? Section 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) of 1973 prohibits the assembly of four or more people in an area. According to the law, every member of such 'unlawful assembly' can be booked for engaging in rioting. The law also disallows carrying any weapon in the areas mentioned and people can be detained for violating it. The maximum punishment for such an act is three years. The cops can detain people for protesting or engaging in any activity that may be considered as intended to cause unrest. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/policy/rbi-allows-pmc-bank-customers-to-withdraw-up-to-10000-a-day-up-from-1000-earlier/articleshow/71310969.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">RBI allows PMC Bank customers to withdraw ₹10,000 over a period of six months from ₹1,000 earlier</a>

The business district of India's financial capital under Section 144-- what does it mean?

<keyword id="1549800" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Section-375">Section 375</keyword> of IPC pertains to the criminal offense of raping defines rape as "sexual intercourse with a woman against her will, without her consent, by coercion, misrepresentation or fraud or at a time when she has been intoxicated or duped, or is of unsound mental health and in any case if she is under 18 years of age." Definition of rape Section 375 defines a sexual offense as rape if it falls under the categories given under. 1. If the act happened against the will of the victim. 2. The said act was performed without the consent of the subject. 3. Performed with her consent, provided her consent was got by putting the subject or any person who is important to her in fear of hurt or death. 4. Performed with her consent, when the man is aware that he is not the subject’s husband, and that she had given her consent under the belief that he is another man to whom she is or believes to have lawfully married. 5. If the act happened with her consent when she was under unsound mind or under intoxication or the administration to him either personally or through someone else or through some stupefying or unwholesome substance, she is not in a position to understand the nature and consequences of the act to which she had consented. 6. With or without the subject’s consent, when the subject is under sixteen years of age. Penetration alone is sufficient to constitute the act of sexual intercourse that can be considered as an offense of rape. Definition of consent under Section 375 Consent can be defined as a clear and voluntary communication given by a woman for a given sexual act. As long as the woman is above the age of 18, <keyword id="150124" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="marital-rape">marital rape</keyword> is a clear exception to giving consent since marital rape is not a crime under the <keyword id="75223" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Penal-Code">Indian Penal Code</keyword>. Exceptions to Section 375 The act will not be considered as a sexual assault if a man has sexual intercourse with his own wife who is aged above 18. Amendment made to Section 375 The Parliament of India passed the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013 also called as the Nirbhaya Act, in order to make a significant amendment to Section 375. This measure was meant to rule out the ambiguity that existed in the earlier law and created room for strict punishment during the occurrences of the rarest cases of sexual violence. As part of this amendment, the ambiguity that existed in the earlier law was addressed and room was created for giving strict punishment in case of the rarest cases of sexual violence. The legislation was altered to define acts such as penetration of penis into vagina, urethra, anus or mouth, or any other object or any other body part to any extent into a woman’s body parts (or facilitating any other person do it), to constitute the offence of sexual assault. The amendment also classified acts such as applying mouth or touching the private parts as offences of sexual assault.

You need to know about Section 375 of the Indian Constitution

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="2742716" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="section-230">Section 230</keyword> — a federal law that shields social media companies from liabilities that would otherwise reshape or crush their businesses — is closer than ever to being repealed or rewritten. </li><li>The law protects social media companies from being held liable for the content of users' posts. Proponents argue it enables open forums on the internet to exist.</li><li>But critics of the law say it doesn't adequately hold social media companies accountable for harmful content like misinformation or hate speech. Some Republican lawmakers have also argued that social media companies embolden anti-conservative bias and have used repealing Section 230 as a threat.</li><li><keyword id="6354576" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="facebook">Facebook</keyword> CEO Mark Zuckerberg, <keyword id="6355629" type="DEFINITION" weightage="60" keywordseo="google">Google</keyword> CEO Sundar Pichai, and Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey are set to defend the protections afforded to their companies in testimony before the Senate Wednesday.</li><li>"Eroding the foundation of Section 230 could collapse how we communicate on the Internet, leaving only a small number of giant and well-funded technology companies," Dorsey said in written testimony ahead of the hearing.</li></ul>One arcane internet law passed in 1996 stands between social media companies and massive legal liabilities that would otherwise crush or fundamentally reshape their businesses — and that law is closer than ever to being repealed.Lawmakers from both major political parties have <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-section-230-facebook-trump-clarence-thomas-ajit-pai-2020-10">signaled</a> that the law should be repealed or rewritten, arguing that it shields social media companies from responsibility. Meanwhile, <keyword id="6358815" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="tech">tech</keyword> companies have warned that doing so could reshape the internet as we know it, eliminating comment boards, messaging, user-submitted posts, forums, marketplaces, and other trademarks of online communication.Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, known simply as Section 230, is part of a law that protects social media companies from being held liable for the content of users' posts in the way that newspapers are liable for articles they publish. It <a href="https://www.eff.org/issues/cda230">enables open forums on the internet to exist</a>.But critics of the law say it lets big tech companies get away with making bad content moderation decisions selectively without consequences. Republicans have lodged claims <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/27/technology/what-if-facebook-is-the-real-silent-majority.html">based on scant evidence</a> that big tech companies are systematically biased against President Donald Trump and his allies, while Democrats say platforms need more legal incentives to remove hate speech and misinformation.Critics have also pointed to the fact that tech companies have <a href="https://www.newsmediaalliance.org/copyright-white-paper/">taken control of distribution channels</a> for content produced by traditional publishers, vacuuming up advertising revenue from struggling newspapers without facing any of the risks associated with publishing news.Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg, Google CEO Sundar Pichai, and Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey are testifying before Senate Republicans on Wednesday to defend the protections their companies currently receive from Section 230. While some said they're open to reforming the law, they have all argued that the spirit of Section 230 — shielding tech companies from legal liability — should remain in place.Zuckerberg said in remarks to senators published ahead of his testimony that he thinks lawmakers "should update the law to make sure it's working as intended," but that legal protections for social media companies should stay intact."Section 230 made it possible for every major internet service to be built and ensured important values like free expression and openness were part of how platforms operate," Zuckerberg said in the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/zuckerberg-dorsey-section-230-could-harm-internet-free-speech-2020-10">prepared remarks</a>.Dorsey warned that if Section 230 disappears, only massive tech companies would be allowed to continue to exist by shouldering the financial burdens associated with new legal liabilities. Smaller companies and startups, he argued, would be choked out."Eroding the foundation of Section 230 could collapse how we communicate on the Internet, leaving only a small number of giant and well-funded technology companies," Dorsey said in written testimony ahead of the hearing.Civil liberties activists have also defended Section 230, arguing that repealing or fundamentally changing the law would hurt free expression online. Fight for the Future, a digital rights group, has argued that repealing Section 230 would hurt smaller tech companies and further entrench giants like Facebook and Google."Blowing up Section 230 would be devastating for human rights and freedom of expression globally. And it will make Big Tech monopolies like Facebook and Google even more powerful in the process," Fight for the Future deputy director Evan Greer said in a statement to Business Insider. "Poking holes in this law would open the floodgates for widespread Internet censorship, and make it harder for websites to set community standards in the public interest."Congressional lawmakers aren't the only looming threat to the future of Section 230. Earlier this month, Federal Communications Commission Chairman Ajit Pai said he would issue guidance redefining the law, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-tech-senate/tech-chief-executives-to-defend-key-law-in-front-of-u-s-senate-panel-on-wednesday-idUSKBN27C2M9">signaling</a> that his new rules would define tech companies' legal immunity more narrowly. And days earlier, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-section-230-facebook-trump-clarence-thomas-ajit-pai-2020-10">argued</a> that courts should reinterpret Section 230 to give tech companies fewer protections.If Section 230 is repealed, tech companies would have to weigh whether to continue to host open forums, or to pursue less risky models.While President Donald Trump has <a href="https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1313511340124917760?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1313511340124917760%7Ctwgr%5Eshare_3%2Ccontainerclick_1&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fwhat-is-section-230-facebook-trump-clarence-thomas-ajit-pai-2020-100-10">complained</a> that Section 230 should be repealed as retaliation for tech companies fact-checking or removing his posts containing false statements, taking away their legal protections would actually force tech companies to more rigorously moderate content — and they <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/if-section-230-dies-twitter-facebook-would-likely-ban-trump-2020-5">may be forced</a> to kick politicians like Trump off their platforms entirely.

Facebook, Twitter and YouTube's business models could get crushed if a law called Section 230 gets repealed. Trump and Congress are rushing to do exactly that.

The <keyword id="6354977" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Supreme-Court">Supreme Court</keyword> today struck down the hugely controversial Section 66 A of the <keyword id="6354751" type="COMPANY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Income-Tax">Income Tax</keyword> Act, stating that the Act was not only ‘vague’ in the way it was worded, but it was also ‘unconstitutional’. So what does <keyword id="823722" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="80" keywordseo="the-section">the Section</keyword> say that created such a huge backlash from the public in general? Since the Section came to power, several petitions were filed at various courts challenging the section on the basis of what constituted ‘grossly offensive or menacing character’? The main contention has been that who is it that will decide what action or ‘post’ or ‘comment’ constituted ‘offensive’ enough to be put behind bars. Many an individual and political party has on several occasions used or rather misused the provisions within the section to jail individuals who aired their opinion on social media websites such as <keyword id="6354576" type="CITY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Facebook">Facebook</keyword> and <keyword id="6354616" type="CITY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Twitter">Twitter</keyword>. 
 
Cases in point: 
 · <keyword id="6361218" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Jadavpur-University">Jadavpur University</keyword> <keyword id="6356384" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Professor">professor</keyword>, <keyword id="1009588" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="80" keywordseo="Ambikesh-Mahapatra">Ambikesh Mahapatra</keyword>, was arrested in <keyword id="6354925" type="COMPANY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Kolkata">Kolkata</keyword> for forwarding a cartoon about <keyword id="5269" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Chief-Minister">Chief Minister</keyword> <keyword id="43868" type="PERSON" weightage="80" keywordseo="Mamata-Banerjee">Mamata Banerjee</keyword>. · A class 11 student from UP was jailed for posting on Facebook a comment on UP <keyword id="6356245" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="minister">minister</keyword> <keyword id="6355085" type="PERSON" weightage="80" keywordseo="Azam-Khan">Azam Khan</keyword>. Khan belonging to the ruling <keyword id="6354265" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="samajwadi-party">Samajwadi Party</keyword> ensured he was behind bars in no time. · In UP again, a Varanasi <keyword id="299752" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="tourism-officer">tourism officer</keyword> was arrested for uploading “objectionable” pictures of Mulayam Singh Yadav, <keyword id="6355031" type="PERSON" weightage="80" keywordseo="Akhilesh-Yadav">Akhilesh Yadav</keyword>, and Azam Khan on Facebook. 
 So what exactly does Section 66 A of the <keyword id="6379296" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="80" keywordseo="IT-Act">IT Act</keyword> say? 
 The Information Technology Act, 2000 was amended in 2008. The amended Act which received the assent of the <keyword id="2540" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="President">President</keyword> on February 5, 2009, contains section 66A. 
 
66A-Punishment for sending offensive messages through communication service, etc. 
 
Any person who sends, by means of a computer resource or a communication device,— 
(a) any information that is grossly offensive or has menacing character; or 
(b) any information which he knows to be false, but for the purpose of causing annoyance, inconvenience, danger, obstruction, insult, injury, criminal intimidation, enmity, hatred or ill will, persistently by making use of such computer resource or a communication device, 
(c) any electronic mail or electronic mail message for the purpose of causing annoyance or inconvenience or to deceive or to mislead the addressee or recipient about the origin of such messages, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and with fine. 
 
For the purpose of this section, terms “electronic mail” and “electronic mail message” means a message or information created or transmitted or received on a computer, computer system, computer resource or communication device including attachments in text, images, audio, video and any other electronic record, which may be transmitted with the message.

What is Section 66A of the IT Act?

<ul class="summary-list"><li>An emergency <keyword id="27592" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="C-section">C-section</keyword> is given when the mother or baby is in severe distress.</li><li>A prolapsed umbilical cord, placental problems, or uterine rupture may prompt an emergency C-section.</li><li>Once the medical emergency has been addressed, the mother and baby will usually recover normally.</li></ul>The majority of expecting mothers plan to deliver their babies vaginally, but about<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/delivery.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> 32%</a> of them will need to have a<a href="https://www.marchofdimes.org/pregnancy/having-a-c-section.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> cesarean section</a>, or surgical delivery. Now, some of these C-sections are planned ahead of time. But most are unplanned, says<a href="https://www.scvmc.org/health-care-services/Womens-Health/Pages/Our-Doctors-and-Staff.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> James Byrne</a>, MD, chair of the Labor and Delivery Department at <a href="https://www.scvmc.org/Pages/home.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Santa Clara Valley Medical Center</a>. Although the common name for an unplanned C-section is an "emergency C-section," medical professionals divide unplanned C-sections into two categories - urgent C-sections and emergency C-sections, says<a href="https://www.memorialcare.org/providers/g-thomas-ruiz" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> G. Thomas Ruiz</a>, MD, the OB-GYN lead at <a href="https://www.memorialcare.org/locations/orange-coast-medical-center" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MemorialCare Orange Coast Medical Center</a>. Important: An urgent C-section is given when there's distress for the mom or baby that isn't life-threatening, says Ruiz, while an emergency C-section is given when the situation is more severe. Having an unplanned C-section can be scary, but oftentimes it's the best option for delivering a baby. "They're very safe for both mom and baby," Byrne says.<h2>What to expect during an urgent C-section</h2>Urgent C-sections are done for reasons including labor that has stopped progressing or a baby who is progressively showing signs of going into distress. In this case, the baby will typically be delivered within half an hour, Ruiz says. "You know you have to get the baby out fairly quickly, but you have a little bit more time," Ruiz says. Although the process moves quickly, the doctor and nurses can talk to the patient about what's happening.<h2><a href="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/cesarean-birth" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Common causes</a> for an urgent C-section:</h2><ul><li>Prolonged labor. Long labor can be taxing for both a mother and infant, and may indicate that the baby can't pass through the mother's pelvis or the birth canal safely, Bryne says. A large baby or small pelvis can cause prolonged labor. </li><li>Fetal or maternal distress. If a mother or baby experiences changes in the heart-rate or other vital functions doctors may decide an urgent C-section is necessary. </li><li>Baby's position. If a baby is not <a href="https://www.insider.com/when-does-baby-turn-head-down" target="_blank" rel="noopener">head-down</a> it's more at risk for birth complications, so an infant that is<a href="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/if-your-baby-is-breech" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> breech</a> or transverse (sideways) may require a C-section. Usually, this will be planned, but if the doctor notices during labor that a baby's position has changed this can prompt an unplanned C-section. </li></ul>Once a doctor calls an urgent C-section the patient will be given a regional anesthetic in the spine (unless an epidural is already in place from labor), just as she would during a planned cesarean.There is usually time for the partner to put on scrubs and be allowed in the operating room, and the mother can often hold the infant soon after birth if both are stable, Ruiz says. <h2>What to expect during an emergency C-section</h2>An emergency C-section is often performed very quickly by the on-call OB-GYN in the operating room, not necessarily your doctor, Byrne says. You may qualify for an emergency C-section if there's been a recent change in your, or your baby's status. The process will vary depending on the severity of the medical situation, Ruiz says, for example, if the baby's umbilical cord comes out through the vagina ahead of the baby or if the baby's heart rate drops and is not recovering appropriately.Medical term: Emergency C-sections happen when the mom or baby "<a href="https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/crash#:~:text=(krash),change%20in%20a%20patient's%20health." target="_blank" rel="noopener">crash</a>," or experience a sudden change to their <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">health</keyword>. There's little time to discuss what is happening because the medical team is aiming to have the baby delivered as fast as possible, often in 5-10 minutes, Ruiz says. "In a true emergency you can see it in the patient's face, it's pure terror," Ruiz says. "We don't do much talking at this point. We have to do this now. This is life-threatening."The mother is often given a general anesthetic because that is the fastest way to administer anesthesia, Ruiz says. Her partner will not be in the operating room due to time constraints. Often, the mother or baby will require medical attention after the C-section, so she usually won't be able to hold the baby immediately, Ruiz says.<h2><a href="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/cesarean-birth" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Common causes</a> for emergency C-sections: </h2><ul><li>Tangled or prolapsed umbilical cord. The umbilical cord delivers oxygen and nutrients to the baby, and if that supply is interrupted the baby must be delivered immediately. </li><li>Placental problems or<a href="https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/placental-abruption.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> placental abruption</a>. If your placenta detaches before birth or is not able to deliver nutrients to your baby, a C-section might be necessary to deliver the baby quickly. </li><li>Uterine rupture. Rarely, the uterus can<a href="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/vaginal-birth-after-cesarean-delivery" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> rupture</a> during labor. This is more common in women who have had a previous C-section and require delivery immediately</li></ul><h2>Risks involved with emergency C-section</h2><a href="https://www.tommys.org/pregnancy-information/giving-birth/caesarean-section/c-section-benefits-and-risks" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Complications from C-sections</a> are<a href="https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/cesarean-birth" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> rare</a> but can include the following: <h3>Risks to the baby</h3><ul><li>Breathing problems</li><li>Surgical injury, such as accidental nick of baby's skin </li><li>Prematurity and other conditions requiring a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit</li></ul><h3>Risks to the mom</h3><ul><li>Infection or wound infection</li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/bleeding-during-pregnancy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Postpartum hemorrhage</a></li><li>Reactions to anesthesia</li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/what-causes-blood-clots" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Blood clots, deep vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism</a></li><li>Surgical injury</li><li>Trauma or <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-long-does-postpartum-depression-last" target="_blank" rel="noopener">postpartum depression</a></li></ul>In most cases, once the medical emergency that caused the emergency C-section has been addressed, both mother and baby will make a normal recovery, says Ruiz. Since pregnant people are generally young and healthy, they often recover quickly.<h2>Insider's takeaway</h2>Although many mothers prefer a vaginal delivery, there are cases where an unplanned C-section is medically necessary.When mothers-to-be contemplate their birth plans, it's a good idea to consider the real possibility of an unplanned C-section in order to feel more in control of a situation that is inherently hard to control.Physicians will not make the recommendation unless they feel it is in the best interest of the mother and baby - it is not a decision that is made lightly. "It's great for women and their partners to have discussions in advance regarding a birth plan, and also how they would like to approach it when nature doesn't follow their goals," Byrne says. "Thinking about some of these paths in advance can help you feel much more empowered." <a data-type="5e0a68b8954bda49ad708a92">How long does a C-section take and when doctors recommend it</a><a data-type="5ddd98e179d7571e8e3c29d5">How long it takes to recover from a C-section before you can drive a car, take a bath, have sex, and more</a><a data-type="5dd1ddc879d757433c48c2d4">Yes, pregnancy can cause acne but there are safe ways to treat it</a><a data-type="5dd1e5f379d75744e0368c65">Is Tylenol safe for pregnancy? Yes, you can take a normal dose</a>

What to expect during an emergency C-section

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Lois Walker said she made 20 calls and multiple ER visits due to pain, swelling, and bowel issues.</li><li>Doctors told her she had <keyword id="11894571" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health" source="Orion">health</keyword> anxiety, even when her <keyword id="6357793" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="pregnancy" source="Orion">pregnancy</keyword> became so painful she threatened <keyword id="11898483" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="suicide" source="Orion">suicide</keyword>. </li></ul><a href="https://bi.slack.com/archives/D01Q37QLADP/p1654285316102269"></a>Content warning: this article mentions suicide.When Lois Walker started experiencing strange bathroom habits and a swollen belly in June 2020, doctors suspected irritable bowel syndrome.When her symptoms worsened, the 37-year-old UK mom said her general care doctor thought it was "health anxiety," and put her on an anti-anxiety medication, according to <a href="https://nypost.com/2022/06/02/i-was-diagnosed-with-terminal-cancer-while-giving-birth-after-i-was-labeled-hypochondriac/?utm_campaign=iphone_nyp&amp;utm_source=Slack">multiple media reports</a> <a href="https://metro.co.uk/2022/06/02/woman-discovers-she-has-terminal-cancer-while-having-caesarean-section-16754575/">via the UK media group SWNS</a>. Even when she asked her doctor if it could be <keyword id="6355291" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="cancer" source="Orion">cancer</keyword>, due to her history with skin cancer, he dismissed her symptoms as age-related, she said. It took 20 calls to her doctor, multiple ER visits, and an excruciating pregnancy that led to a <keyword id="11976615" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="c-section" source="Orion">c-section</keyword> more than a year after her symptoms began for Walker, now a mom of three, to learn she has incurable stage-4 cancer. She's now speaking out against the UK health system and urging doctors to believe patients' pain. "If there is just one medic who reads this and thinks 'we need to do better,' that's all I want," she <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-61633930">told the BBC</a>. "I would not want anybody to go through what I'm going through."<h2>Walker's pregnancy was so painful she told doctors she would kill herself and her unborn baby </h2>Walker's extreme symptoms during pregnancy didn't prompt further investigation until it was too late, she said. At about 14 weeks pregnant, she said she couldn't walk or eat due to the pain. It only got worse. By nine months pregnant, she said she weighed the same as her pre-pregnancy weight, but doctors weren't concerned. "Then the final straw was when they had to get the mental health team involved because I said that it had reached the point where I would have to end both our lives, and I feel ashamed to say that," she said, SWNS reported. Walker was hospitalized and given morphine, but the cause of her symptoms were left unexplored. Finally, after pushing her doctor further, clinicians found a mass behind her uterus, which led to the c-section in September 2021, she said. There, they found tumors in her ovaries, abdomen and lymph nodes. The cancer had also spread to her bowel and liver. "They just said, basically, that my abdomen was so diseased that they needed to send off some biopsies, and I'd have to wait. But I knew anyway," Walker said. "The doctor actually grabbed my hand and he cried, and he actually said that he'd let me down."Walker has undergone chemotherapy and operations, including a hysterectomy. She's planning a double mastectomy too, according to a <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-south-yorkshire-61633930">fundraising page</a> started by her sister. The family considers the baby, Ray, a miracle."It's been really, really hard," Walker told the BBC. "I didn't want to get attached to him, but he is my ray of sunshine. My kids are my purpose. I want to concentrate on making memories. If love could save me, I would never die."<h2>Young women are more likely to be victims of '<keyword id="13561260" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="medical-gaslighting" source="Orion">medical gaslighting</keyword>' </h2>Research shows women are more often victims of <a href="https://www.insider.com/medical-gaslighting-patients-say-doctors-deny-symptoms-misdiagnose-2022-4">medical gaslighting</a>, or when medical professionals dismiss a person's symptoms, deny tests or treatments, and ultimately misdiagnose them.More and more are speaking out. It took 23-year-old Chloe Girardier five months and seven doctor's appointments to get her persistent cough and <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-lose-weight">weight loss</a> to be taken seriously, <a href="https://nypost.com/2021/12/13/i-was-told-my-cough-and-weight-loss-was-covid-the-reality-was-worse/">The Sun</a> reported. She had <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hodgkins-lymphoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20352646">Hodgkin's lymphoma,</a> a rare cancer that required her to undergo intensive chemotherapy. Amanda Lee, a 28-year-old actress and wedding photographer, said her doctor called her severe stomach pain "not such a bad thing" since it was leading to weight loss, according to <a href="https://www.today.com/health/colon-cancer-young-adults-woman-28-shares-diagnosis-t220806">Today Health</a>. She was later diagnosed with stage 3A colon cancer. 20-year-old Georgia Ford said her pain, spasms, vomiting and weight loss were dismissed as being "all in her head." <a href="https://www.insider.com/doctors-told-student-pain-vomiting-from-partying-she-had-cancer-2022-5">She had stage-4 kidney cancer.</a>Women are "not being believed, and that's causing significant delays in care, misdiagnosis, late diagnosis, ineffective treatment, and ineffective triaging," <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/garima-sharma-md-facc-492b44b3/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Dr. Garima Sharma</a>, an internal medicine physician and cardiologist at Johns Hopkins previously told Insider. "Women are paying a very heavy price."

A mom said her severe pain was dismissed as anxiety for a year. Then, while undergoing a c-section, she learned she had terminal cancer.

<div type="image" title="President Donald Trump points while boarding Air Force One as he departs Thursday, May 21, 2020, at Andrews Air Force Base, Md. Trump will visit a Ypsilanti, Mich., Ford plant that has been converted to making personal protection and medical equipment. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)" height="1117" width="2233" msid="76100453" hostid="261"></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>As President Trump's anger at <keyword id="6354616" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Twitter">Twitter</keyword> escalates, his so-called solution, should he really obtain it, would almost certainly backfire.</li><li>He's been working to remove the <keyword id="2742716" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="section-230">Section 230</keyword> section of the Communications Decency Act.</li><li>But Section 230 is the part of that law that's been protecting his social-media posts.</li><li>It's the reason Twitter and Facebook can allow him to tweet whatever he wants, even when it is provably false, be it birther-conspiracy nonsense when he was a private citizen or erroneous information about mail-in ballots and voter fraud now that he's in the White House.</li><li>If that protection died, and he continued to tweet what he liked without regard to truth or consequences, Twitter and Facebook would almost certainly need to bar him.</li></ul>As President Donald Trump's anger at Twitter escalates, his so-called solution, should he really obtain it, would almost certainly blow up in his face.Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, the part of the law that Trump wants to change, is what's been protecting him and his social-media posts.It's the reason Twitter and Facebook can allow him to tweet whatever he wants, from birther-conspiracy nonsense when he was a private citizen to recent erroneous information about mail-in ballots and voter fraud.Here's what Section 230 says: "No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content provider." (<a href="http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/230">47 U.S.C. § 230</a>.) That means internet sites that show content created by other people — for example, social-media posts — are not to be considered the publishers of that material. As the online free-speech watchdog Electronic Frontier Foundation <a href="https://www.eff.org/issues/cda230">said</a>, "In other words, online intermediaries that host or republish speech are protected against a range of laws that might otherwise be used to hold them legally responsible for what others say and do."Since they are not legally responsible, they don't need to validate the truth and accuracy of material posted by others (with the exceptions for posts that violate federal criminal law, intellectual-property law, and certain privacy laws).Because of Section 230, you can't successfully sue Twitter if your next door neighbor has been posting lies about you on its site. All you can do is ask Twitter to remove the posts. And Twitter may or may not comply, based on whatever rules and policies it would use to investigate your request. (Of course, you could always sue your neighbor for defamation. But when people post things anonymously, that becomes more difficult).If Section 230 were removed, social-media sites like Twitter and Facebook could be held accountable for the truth and accuracy of the content on their sites, particularly if someone has a plausible claim that such statements have damaged them. Trump has a love of exaggeration and a dodgy relationship with the truth. He has made 18,000 false or misleading claims as of April, many of them on Twitter, according to a database of his not-true statements kept by <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/04/14/president-trump-made-18000-false-or-misleading-claims-1170-days/">The Washington Post</a>.So if he were to get his latest wish and delete Section 230, he would be removing the protections that allowed him to post whatever he wanted — not the other way around.Trump would either have to stop posting untrue things on social media, or Twitter and Facebook would face such a high liability that they would be forced to remove more of his posts or even bar him altogether.<ul class="read-more-links"><li>Now read:</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-twitter-facebook-social-media-war-executive-order-explainer-timeline-2020-5">Trump is going to war with social media companies like Facebook and Twitter. Here's everything that's happened so far.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bezos-has-become-too-removed-fired-amazon-protestor-says-2020-4">Jeff Bezos has become too removed from employees to see what's really going on, say the fired Amazon tech workers who inspired a VP to publicly quit</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/after-layoffs-uber-exec-sold-half-her-shares-86-million-2020-5">Days after layoffs, an Uber exec sold over half her Uber stock for $8.6 million, while cofounder Garrett Camp has sold $69.6 million in stock since March 12</a></li></ul>Read the original article on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/if-section-230-dies-twitter-facebook-would-likely-ban-trump-2020-5">Business Insider</a>

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