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New Delhi [India], June 23 (ANI): The <keyword id="19915130" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Indian Space Research Organisation" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords">ISRO</keyword>) on Sunday achieved another success in the <keyword id="21046346" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reusable-Launch-Vehicle" source="keywords">Reusable Launch Vehicle</keyword> (RLV) landing experiment (LEX). The third and final test in the series of LEX (03) was conducted at 07:10 IST at the <keyword id="22149303" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Aeronautical-Test-Range" source="keywords">Aeronautical Test Range</keyword> (ATR) in Chitradurga, Karnataka. Following the success of the RLV LEX-01 and LEX-02 missions, <keyword id="22149668" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="RLV-LEX-03" source="keywords">RLV LEX-03</keyword> re-demonstrated the <keyword id="21054893" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="autonomous-landing" source="keywords">autonomous landing</keyword> capability of the RLV under more challenging release conditions (cross range of 500 m against 150 m for LEX-02) and more severe wind conditions. The winged vehicle, named '<keyword id="21046350" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pushpak" source="keywords">Pushpak</keyword>', was released from an <keyword id="19992067" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Air-Force" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Indian Air Force" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</keyword> Chinook Helicopter at an altitude of 4.5 km. From a release point 4.5 km away from the runway, Pushpak autonomously executed cross-range correction manoeuvres, approached the runway, and performed a precise horizontal landing at the runway centerline. Due to this vehicle's low lift-to-drag ratio aerodynamic configuration, the landing velocity exceeded 320 kmph, compared to 260 kmph for a commercial aircraft and 280 kmph for a typical fighter aircraft. After touchdown, the vehicle's velocity was reduced to nearly 100 kmph using its brake parachute, after which the landing gear brakes were employed for deceleration and stop on the runway. During this ground roll phase, Pushpak utilises its rudder and nose wheel steering system to autonomously maintain a stable and precise ground roll along the runway. This mission simulated the approach and landing interface and high-speed landing conditions for a vehicle returning from space, reaffirming ISRO's expertise in acquiring the most critical technologies required for the development of a RLV. Through this mission, the advanced guidance algorithm catering to longitudinal and lateral plane error corrections, which is essential for the future Orbital Re-entry Mission, has been validated. Notably, the RLV-LEX uses multisensor fusion, including sensors like an Inertial sensor, Radar altimeter, Flush air data system, Pseudolite system and NavIC. Notably, the RLV-LEX-03 mission reused the winged body and flight systems as such without any modification, from the LEX-02 mission, demonstrating the robustness of ISRO's capability of design and reuse flight systems for multiple missions. The mission, led by VSSC, was a collaborative effort involving multiple ISRO centres (SAC, ISTRAC, SDSC-SHAR), with significant support from the Indian Air Force (IAF), Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE), Regional Centre for Military Airworthiness (RCMA) under the Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC), National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Indian aerospace industrial partners, Indian Oil Corporation of India, and Airport Authority of India. S Somanath, Chairman, ISRO/Secretary, Department of Space, congratulated the team for their efforts in maintaining the success streak on such complex missions. Dr S Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of VSSC, emphasised that this consistent success boosts ISRO's confidence in the critical technologies essential for future orbital re-entry missions.

'Pushpak' aces test: ISRO achieves yet another success in Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) landing experiment

Bengaluru, Ahead of India's Aditya-L1 <keyword id="73822" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-mission" source="Orion">solar mission</keyword>, a top scientist said the monitoring of the Sun on a 24-hour basis is a must to study <keyword id="18618306" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-quakes" source="Orion">solar quakes</keyword> which can alter the geomagnetic fields of earth. The Aditya-L1 mission to study the Sun is slated to be launched at 11.50 am from the Sriharikota spaceport on Saturday. Explaining the need to study the Sun, Professor and In-Charge Scientist at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Dr R Ramesh told PTI that just as there are earthquakes on Earth, there are something called solar quakes - called as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) - on the surface of the Sun. In this process, millions and millions of tons of solar materials are thrown into the interplanetary space, he said, adding these CMEs can travel at a speed of approximately 3,000 km per second. "Some of the CMEs can also be directed towards the Earth. The fastest CME can reach near Earth space in approximately 15 hours," Dr Ramesh pointed out. On why this mission was different from other similar ventures, he said, "Though ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA (<keyword id="107353" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-aeronautics-and-space-administration" source="Orion">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword>) have launched similar missions in the past, the <keyword id="3586950" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="aditya-l1" source="Orion">Aditya L1</keyword> mission will be unique in two main aspects because we will be able to observe the solar corona from the place where it almost starts. Also we'll be able to observe the magnetic field changes in the solar atmosphere, which are the cause for coronal mass ejections or solar quakes." Sometimes, these CMEs damage satellites by "engulfing" them, he said. Due to the discharged particle flow from the CMEs, all the electronics onboard satellites can malfunction. These CMEs come all the way to Earth, Dr Ramesh said. In 1989, for instance, when there was a massive eruption of the solar atmosphere, Quebec in Canada went without power for about 72 hours; And in 2017, the Zurich airport in Switzerland was affected because of CME for almost 14 to 15 hours. Dr Ramesh said once the CMEs reach the Earth, which is like a big magnet with north and south poles, they can travel along the magnetic field lines and then they can alter the Earth's geomagnetic field. Once the geomagnetic field is affected, it can impact the high voltage transformers. "So, it is very important to put a centre of observation to continuously monitor the Sun, which is possible from the Lagrangian (L1) point," he pointed out. India is launching the Aditya-L1 to place its satellite at Langrangian-1 point. According to him, the authorities at Bengaluru-based IIA, an institution with a long tradition of almost close to 125 years of observing the Sun, felt that they should monitor the Sun on a 24 hours basis so that any changes that are taking place (on the Sun) are very well observed. Though observations of the Sun can be carried out with a ground-based telescope, they have two major limitations, Dr Ramesh said. One is that there are only eight or nine hours available in a day to monitor the sun since such observations can be carried out only during day time and not at night. The second challenge while monitoring the Sun from Earth is that the light coming from the Sun will be scattered by the dust particles in the atmosphere. As a result the image can get blurred, he explained. To avoid these shortcomings in solar observation, the IIA felt the need to have a telescope in space for 24-hour uninterrupted observations of the Sun. There are five vantage points from where the Sun can be monitored. These are called the Lagrangian points, which are named after an Italian astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange who discovered them. The gravitational force of attraction between the Sun and the Earth at the Lagrange points are perfectly balanced, the scientist said. "Of all these five points, there is a point called L1 to have an uninterrupted view of the Sun. This point is located between the Sun and Earth at a distance of 1.5 million km from the Earth," the IIA professor explained. According to him, the Aditya L1 space mission will take 100-plus days to reach the Lagrangian-1 point. Data from this satellite will be downloaded at ISRO's Indian Deep Space Network near Byalalu on the outskirts of Bengaluru and will be transmitted by a dedicated internet link to the Payload Operations Centre of the IIA, Dr Ramesh said. The data will be processed and sent back to ISRO for dissemination to the general public as well as for use by the scientific community.

Aditya L1: Solar quakes can alter geomagnetic field of earth says top scientist

Moscow [<keyword id="6358826" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="russia" source="Orion">Russia</keyword>], August 11 (ANI): Russia on Friday launched Luna 25, the country's first lunar mission in 47 years. Luna-25 took off from the Vostochny launch facility in Russia's <keyword id="376432" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="far-east" source="Orion">Far East</keyword>, Russia-based TASS news agency reported. Launched aboard a Soyuz-2 Fregat rocket, Luna 25 took flight at 8:10 am (local time) on Friday, CNN reported. The Fregat booster separated from the rocket's third stage approximately 564 seconds after the launch, according to TASS reported. The Luna-25 spacecraft will separate from the booster about an hour after the launch. The flight to the moon will take up to 5.5 days. The spacecraft will spend between three and seven days about 100 kilometres above the lunar surface before reaching the Boguslawsky crater area. Meanwhile, <keyword id="18361345" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="manzinus-and-pentland-a" source="Orion">Manzinus and Pentland-A</keyword> craters have been named as alternative landing sites. The primary goal of the mission will be to polish the soft landing technology. The mission might become the first spacecraft ever to reach near the South Pole of the Earth's natural satellite, according to TASS. The spacecraft will look for natural resources, including water, and analyse the effects of space rays and electromagnetic emissions on the lunar surface. Luna 25, also called the Luna-Glob-Lander, will study the composition of the moon's polar soil and the plasma and dust contained in the very thin lunar exosphere, or the moon's scant atmosphere, for one year. The lander has several cameras and they will make timelapse footage of the landing and an HDR wide-angle image of the moonscape. Luna-25 will turn its cameras during pre-programmed periods and after a signal from the Earth, TASS reported. <keyword id="107353" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-aeronautics-and-space-administration" source="Orion">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> (NASA) in the statement said, "The lander has a four-legged base containing the landing rockets and propellant tanks, an upper compartment holds the solar panels, communication equipment, on-board computers, and most of the science apparatus." According to the statement released by NASA, the lander has a 1.6 meter-long Lunar Robotic Arm (LRA, or <keyword id="18361344" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="lunar-manipulator-complex" source="Orion">Lunar Manipulator Complex</keyword>) to remove and gather the surface regolith to depths of 20 to 30 cm. The LRA is equipped with a scoop (175 cubic cm volume) and a sample acquisition tool, a 4.7 cm long tube with an internal diameter of 1.25 cm. It's keenly watched around the world as Europe and America work to isolate Russia amid the war in Ukraine, and as Russia tries to strengthen its political and economic ties with non-Western countries in response. (ANI)

Russia launches Luna-25 mission to Moon, its first lunar lander in 47 years 

Shares of <keyword id="6357623" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="alphabet" source="Orion">Alphabet</keyword> fell 8 per cent on Wednesday after the <keyword id="6355629" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="google" source="Orion">Google</keyword> parent company unveiled new artificial-intelligence-powered features, The <keyword id="6384660" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="wall-street-journal" source="Orion">Wall Street Journal</keyword> reported. The stock was on pace for its worst trading session since October, <keyword id="51124" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="wsj" source="Orion">WSJ</keyword> said. A video Google published online introducing its new AI chatbot system, Bard, showed an inaccurate answer to a search query. The video claimed that the James Webb Space Telescope took "the very first pictures" of an exoplanet outside the <keyword id="52393" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="solar-system" source="Orion">Solar System</keyword>, WSJ said, adding that The <keyword id="107353" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-aeronautics-and-space-administration" source="Orion">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> says on its website that the first images of an exoplanet were taken as early as 2004 by a different telescope. The moves come a day after <keyword id="10387" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="microsoft" source="Orion">Microsoft</keyword> said it was building the technology behind the chatbot ChatGPT into its Bing search engine, heating up the race among the tech behemoths to establish dominance in artificial intelligence. <keyword id="164502" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="sundar-pichai" source="Orion">Sundar Pichai</keyword>, Chief Executive Officer of Google parent Alphabet, in a blog post published on Monday, said the new experimental service, called Bard, generates textual responses to questions posed by users, based on information drawn from the web. In that post, Pichai also shared a glimpse of new search engine features that will use AI to answer user queries, and said it would open up some of its AI programmes to outside developers, WSJ said. Google's new products come amid a flurry of announcements by rival Microsoft about its use of AI technologies developed by OpenAI. Microsoft said last month it is making a multiyear, multibillion-dollar investment in the San Francisco AI startup. It said it would be opening up its tools for developers to build upon, and integrating them into services such as its Bing search engine--raising the spectre of a new challenge to <keyword id="163945" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="google-search" source="Orion">Google Search</keyword>'s market power. Google executives have also suggested they haven't been slow so much as careful with their tools, drawing an implicit contrast to competitors tools, such as ChatGPT, that can spout made-up information in response to some user queries, WSJ said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/extend-h-1b-visa-grace-period-12-months-indo-american-organisations-launch-online-petition/articleshow/97754404.cms">Extend H-1B visa grace period 12 months: Indo-American organisations launch online petition</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/rupee-falls-12-paise-to-82-66-against-us-dollar-in-early-trade/articleshow/97755208.cms">Rupee falls 12 paise to 82.66 against US dollar in early trade</a>

Shares of Alphabet fall 8 pc after Google rollout of AI search features

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-won-election-what-that-means-for-elon-musk-2024-11">Elon Musk and Donald Trump are both enthusiastic </a>about space exploration opportunities amid a desire to slash regulations.</li><li>It's not yet clear how powerful Musk's role in the new Trump administration will be.</li></ul>Now that <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/election-results-trump-harris-presidential-election-2024-11">president-elect Donald Trump</a> is set to return to power in the US, Elon Musk's plans for sending humans beyond Earth's orbit may be more likely to come to fruition.Space industry experts told Business Insider that Musk's influence over Trump could help advance <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-could-help-deregulate-tech-amid-a-trump-victory-2024-11">his business interests</a>, including sending the first crewed mission to Mars."I'm hugely optimistic about what's going to happen in space now," Michelle Hanlon, executive director of the Center for Air and Space Law at the University of Mississippi School of Law, told Business Insider.Hanlon's optimism isn't unfounded, especially if Trump's second term focuses on space as much as his first.During his first term, from 2017 to 2021, Trump's administration founded <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/space-force-guardian-nick-hague-spacex-rocket-iss-2024-2">the Space Force</a>, re-launched the National Space Council, and established NASA's Artemis program. This program is set to return astronauts to the moon and lay the groundwork for the first crewed mission to Mars.But space isn't the only interest Trump and Musk share. They also want to slash government regulations.<h2 id="b873fb1d-647e-4cdf-a3ef-7d9a7adb04e7">Musk's 'Department of Government Efficiency'</h2>Trump has said that he would cut 10 regulations for every new one his administration creates.Musk and his businesses, meanwhile, have <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-faa-overtime-regulations-2024-9">clashed with regulators</a>, including the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the Federal Aviation Administration."There is a lot of waste and needless regulation in government that needs to go," Musk wrote on <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1830829538118381574">X</a> after Trump announced that he planned to put the billionaire at the helm of a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-rally-elon-musk-save-department-government-efficiency-2024-10">new "department of government efficiency."</a>It's unclear how much influence Musk would have over regulations if this department came to fruition. Trump's trust in Musk to run such a department, however, is a testament to the pair's burgeoning relationship.The two men teamed up on the campaign trail, with Musk contributing millions to Trump's reelection campaign and appearing with him at a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-pennsylvania-america-pac-donald-trump-harris-2024-11">rally in Pennsylvania</a>.In his election-night victory speech, Trump praised Musk for <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-spacex-starship-launch-five-huge-deal-space-travel-2024-10">SpaceX's Starship</a> vehicle, designed to shuttle the first humans to Mars, and for the company's Starlink internet satellites, which are designed to offer fast, cheap internet to remote locations worldwide.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-trump-calls-zelenskyy-erdogan-influence-2024-11">Musk also joined a call</a> between Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on Friday — underscoring how influential Musk could be once Trump returns to office, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.axios.com/2024/11/08/musk-trump-zelensky-ukraine-call?stream=top&amp;utm_source=alert&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=alerts_all">Axios</a> reported.Whether that influence translates to Trump founding a new "department of government efficiency" for Musk, though, is unclear.<div type="image" title="Elon Musk jumps for joy at Trump's recent rally in Butler, Pennsylvania." height="1279" width="2000" msid="115101302" hostid="261" sizebytes="117830"></div>SpaceX and Musk did not respond to a request for comment. A spokesperson for Trump's campaign said that Musk's ideas and efficiency will benefit federal bureaucracy but his role in Trump's administration remains under wraps."It's a crazy situation, but you can't just create a new department," Deborah Sivas, the director of the Environmental Law Clinic at Stanford, told BI. She said Congress would have to approve it, which may be more likely since Republicans won the Senate majority.Changing a government agency's powers or rules, Sivas said, requires making new rules or passing a law through Congress. That can take months, and it's not guaranteed to work.So, it's unlikely that Musk would be able to single-handedly eliminate key steps in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-texas-starship-launch-site-development-challenges-2019-6">regulatory processes</a>, like the typical environmental review requirement for building a new rocket launchpad."I think Elon Musk will be more likely in the background, whispering in his ear," Sivas said of the billionaire's relationship with Trump."Is he going to be able to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-autocratic-style-success-politics-harm-2024-9">influence space policy</a>? Yes, no question," Hanlon said, adding that she sees that as a "good thing" because of Musk's experience.In other arenas, like environmental regulation, Sivas isn't so sure."I feel like he should stay in his business lane and stay out of the government lane," Sivas said. "When you put those two together, it's like putting church and state together."<h2 id="879d5f64-5325-4a92-9196-db627a3cb3e9">Smoothing potholes on the road to Mars</h2>Even if Musk can't change regulations, a space-friendly Trump administration could smooth the path to Musk's goal of building a city on Mars.Musk recently <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://x.com/elonmusk/status/1832550322293837833">said</a> that he plans to launch Starships to Mars for the first time in just two years. If those flights go well, he said that the first human crews would follow four years from now."That's a pretty ambitious timeline," George Nield, former associate administrator of the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation, told BI. To meet it would probably require "different regulatory frameworks or contractual arrangements than we've used in the past," he added.<div type="image" title="Elon Musk with former president Donald Trump" height="2633" width="3949" msid="115101300" hostid="261" sizebytes="148502"></div>"If anybody can do it, it will be Elon Musk," Hanlon said. But the government can help, she said, by making regulators more efficient.To help even further, she added, "It can become a policy of the US government to support commercial flight to Mars."With Trump's interest in Starship, the chances of that look better than ever.Regulations aren't the only obstacle. There are still a lot of technical hurdles to overcome before we can reach Mars, Nield said.The moon, on the other hand, is more achievable, and Trump has had his eye on it. Weeks after Musk endorsed Trump, the president-elect <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/trump-victory-expected-boost-musks-mars-dream-2024-11-08/">told reporters</a> that the moon was the first step toward his ultimate goal to reach Mars.<h2 id="60abc973-d957-4dd0-8d46-da0596ffb8e2">The next moon landing</h2>For the Artemis program's first human moon landing, NASA plans to launch four astronauts toward the moon using its Space Launch System and Orion spaceship.In lunar orbit, the ship would meet up with SpaceX's Starship, which would carry two astronauts to the moon's surface, putting boots in the lunar dust for the first time since 1972.The date for that mission has been repeatedly pushed back, with September 2026 being NASA's current target.There's no indication that Trump is considering this, but if he wants a faster moon landing, he could ditch the NASA hardware and send astronauts aboard Starship alone, Nield said."If we see rapid progress with Starship and encouragement from the administration and Congress, I don't see any reason why that couldn't happen in a small number of years," Nield said.

What Trump's second term means for space and why one expert is 'hugely optimistic'

<ul class="summary-list"><li>This post originally appeared in the Insider Today newsletter.</li></ul>Happy Veterans Day, and thanks to all those who have served! Diet starts Monday, as they say, so why not take some advice from Super Bowl-winning quarterback Drew Brees. He spoke to Business Insider about <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/drew-brees-simple-wellness-rules-2024-11">five simple wellness rules he lives by</a>.In today's big story, Silicon Valley is getting excited about what Donald Trump's second term <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-could-help-deregulate-tech-amid-a-trump-victory-2024-11">could mean for its businesses</a>.What's on deck:<ul><li>Markets: The Wall Streeters advising Trump's transition team <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wall-street-advisor-trump-lutnick-schwarzman-warsh-federal-reserve-2024-11">on key economic appointments</a>.</li><li>Tech: Check out our Tesla salary database that shows how Elon Musk courts 'hardcore' workers <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-salary-database-elon-musk-pay-strategy-2024-11">with potentially lucrative stock grants</a>.</li><li>Business: The anxiety over high prices has <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/retirement-saving-inflation-cost-of-living-crisis-investing-401k-pensions-2024-11">some Americans oversaving</a>.</li></ul>But first, time to get things going again.If this was forwarded to you, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/newsletter/insider-today">sign up here.</a><h3 id="7fa5f018-5b05-4a37-a8dc-d3f89138bcb3">The big story</h3><h2 id="5fd547b9-ec52-41fc-8e08-4f4b27dd8097">United States of Startups</h2><div type="image" title="Photo illustration of laptop, stacks of coins, stars and stripes" height="960" width="1920" msid="115186105" hostid="261" sizebytes="101980"></div>The startup community is ready to be let off its leash.VCs and founders are hopeful about what they anticipate to be a much looser environment for building and dealmaking under President-elect Donald Trump.Tech was always viewed as a beneficiary of the deregulation expected in Trump's second term. But Elon Musk potentially playing a role in the Trump administration means <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-could-help-deregulate-tech-amid-a-trump-victory-2024-11">Silicon Valley could benefit even more</a>, writes Business Insider's Samantha Stokes, Riddhi Kanetkar, and Helen Li.One VC compared Musk streamlining the government to a "chainsaw through calcified butter."Even those who weren't rooting for Trump <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-valley-trump-return-startups-venture-capital-2024-11">see benefits to a potential hands-off approach to their space</a>, which has faced turmoil in recent years.After years of big funding rounds, high-profile deals, and flashy IPOs, the startup environment has been much more rocky recently. There are many reasons for that — high interest rates, an uncertain economy, the market being somewhat overvalued — but a Biden administration that took a hard line on M&amp;A played a key role.FTC commissioner Lina Khan's attempt to block multiple deals has chilled the industry. Acquisitions are startups' most viable exit opportunity with the IPO window largely closed.The industry became somewhat stuck in place. Money tied up in startups couldn't be reinvested, and employees working at young companies waited for a liquidity event.<div type="image" title="Trump in shadow" height="1279" width="1920" msid="115186097" hostid="261" sizebytes="20896"></div>Trump's impact on the industry's hottest segment — artificial intelligence — isn't as clear.The space is already evolving as some of the biggest companies in the world are picking sides and consolidating power with partnerships and investments in high-profile startups. That was evident last week with a report that Amazon <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/anthropic-gaining-on-openai-ai-market-2024-11">was considering investing in Anthropic again</a>.The US is already investigating Microsoft and Nvidia over their AI dealings. Trump's deregulation approach could free up the space.But regulators launched investigations and filed lawsuits against Big Tech during Trump's first term. The president-elect also has a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-presidency-affect-big-tech-2024-11">complicated relationship with tech giants</a>, even threatening to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-mark-zuckerberg-sent-prison-elected-truth-social-2024-7">send Meta's Mark Zuckerberg to jail</a>. And Vice President-elect JD Vance previously said Khan is "doing a pretty good job" in her antitrust enforcement.Musk has also had run-ins with Zuckerberg, Amazon's Jeff Bezos, and OpenAI's Sam Altman, and his AI startup, xAI, is looking to compete in the space.And then there's Trump's immigration policy. The president-elect pledged to conduct mass deportations of undocumented immigrants. It's unclear if and how he might reshape the legal immigration system <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-immigration-policy-ai-tech-worker-shortage-2024-11">that places high-skilled workers from outside the US in tech jobs</a>, including those in AI.<h3 id="77f31a4c-8462-4e3d-a71f-838cb79493fb">News brief</h3><h2 id="1fcd294b-3f53-425f-9f20-4093e8623b59">Top headlines</h2><ul><li>The coming <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coming-reign-only-child-americans-fewer-babies-siblings-costs-2024-11">reign of the only child</a>.</li><li>Elon Musk has named his <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-pushes-rick-scott-for-senate-majority-leader-2024-11">top choice for Senate majority leader</a>.</li><li>Forget swing states. Here's how the generations <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-generations-voted-trump-harris-gen-z-gen-x-boomers-2024-11">flipped on Election Day</a>.</li><li>What needs to go right for Intel, <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intel-dow-jones-ai-chip-lag-2024-11">and what happens if it doesn't</a>.</li><li>Trump's plan for Social Security will help baby boomers in the short run and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-tax-cuts-social-security-boomers-benefit-fund-depletion-2024-11">cut benefits for anyone younger</a>.</li></ul><h2 id="8120060b-ae66-48dc-b149-f0489a30ffa2">3 things in markets</h2><div type="image" title="Donald Trump and the Wall St. sign" height="1500" width="2000" msid="115186103" hostid="261" sizebytes="227372"></div><ol><li>Who Trump is turning to on Wall Street for advice. Cantor Fitzgerald CEO Howard Lutnick is co-chair of Donald Trump's transition team, and he's looking to his Wall Street peers for help. Apollo CEO Marc Rowan, Blackstone CEO Steve Schwarzman, and Charles Schwab are reportedly <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wall-street-advisor-trump-lutnick-schwarzman-warsh-federal-reserve-2024-11">some of the people lending their expertise to Lutnick</a>.</li><li>Citadel Securities just poached a 20-year Microsoft vet. Herb Sutter is joining Ken Griffin's market maker <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-citadel-securities-hired-coding-expert-microsoft-herb-sutter-2024-11">in a new tech leadership role</a>. Sutter is an expert in C++, the coding language that underpins most of Citadel Securities' technology.</li><li>Bitcoin's big hopes for Trump 2.0. The self-described "crypto president" flipped from cynic to cheerleader during his campaign. Now that he's headed back to the White House, crypto supporters hope for <a target="_blank" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/bitcoin-price-crypto-industry-donald-trump-election-reserve-regulation-sec-2024-11">regulatory overhaul and an expanded mainstream role</a> for the digital currency.</li></ol><h2 id="f4b54806-7f81-450c-ba32-92560d4fae9b">3 things in tech</h2><div type="image" title="Elon Musk" height="1500" width="2000" msid="115186106" hostid="261" sizebytes="652194"></div><ol><li>Inside Tesla's high-risk, high-reward compensation strategy. BI secured access to an internal Tesla salary database covering nearly 100,000 employees as of December 2021. The data reveals Elon Musk's pay strategy: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-salary-database-elon-musk-pay-strategy-2024-11">Lower salaries, bigger stock grants</a>.</li><li>How Reddit went mainstream. Not long ago, Reddit wasn't for everyone. It was a dark, weird little corner that prided itself on free speech but could quickly get ugly for users. Today, Reddit's community-driven content attracts users who would rather rely on human input than AI. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/reddit-mainstream-google-traffic-stock-revenue-human-users-2024-11">In that sense, it's a bit like the new Google</a>.</li><li>Behind Nvidia's plans to build robot brains. Nvidia robotics executive Rev Lebaredian told BI about the chipmaker's plans to tackle its newest frontier, bridging generative AI and physical robotics. The secret? <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rev-lebaredian-spearheads-nvidias-omniverse-push-in-ai-and-robotics-2024-11">Visualize the future, then build it</a>.</li></ol><h2 id="9260fa45-d397-4b3c-b4f8-4bb193976216">3 things in business</h2><div type="image" title="woman anxious in a pile of money with a house on top." height="846" width="1128" msid="115186104" hostid="261" sizebytes="133984"></div><ol><li>The high cost-of-living has some Americans going overboard with saving. Plenty of people in the US live paycheck to paycheck, but a growing cohort is doing the opposite. Despite having solid finances, anxiety about high prices has them <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/retirement-saving-inflation-cost-of-living-crisis-investing-401k-pensions-2024-11">saving more than is recommended</a>. Stockpiling cash could ultimately cost them as they miss out on investment gains.</li><li>Don't poll the election; bet on it. In the weeks leading up to his victory, polls showed a virtual tie between Donald Trump and Kamala Harris. Yet prediction markets showed a solid Trump lead, proving what proponents have long argued: they can be more accurate than traditional polling. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/betting-markets-polls-trump-election-win-polymarket-kalshi-2024-11">Prediction markets' biggest cheerleaders explained why</a>.</li><li>Economists say Trump will give Americans the very thing they voted against. High prices helped Trump get elected. Experts say his proposals of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-election-win-high-inflation-risk-tariffs-deportations-taxes-2024-11">lower taxes, higher tariffs, and mass deportations will be inflationary</a>. It could also make the Fed's recent rate-cut relief painfully short-lived if it's forced to hike rates again in response.</li></ol><h2 id="9f5d80ac-3466-429f-a50a-2ffbb70c65ff">What's happening today</h2><ul><li>It's Veterans Day. The nation's largest commemorative parade takes place in New York City.</li><li>The World Meteorological Organization releases the "State of the Climate" update at the UN's climate-change summit in Azerbaijan.</li></ul>The Insider Today team: Dan DeFrancesco, deputy editor and anchor, in New York. Grace Lett, editor, in Chicago. Hallam Bullock, senior editor, in London. Ella Hopkins, associate editor, in London. Amanda Yen, fellow, in New York. Milan Sehmbi, fellow, in London.

Startups are ready to thrive under Trump, but some uncertainty remains in a key corner of the space

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Mexico faces a severe drought that has affected over 85% of the country.</li><li>Most reservoirs are below 50% and a lack of water is affecting local wildlife.</li></ul>Mexico is experiencing one of its most severe and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mexico-city-water-crisis-day-zero-drought-rain-2024-5">widespread droughts</a> in over a decade. Water levels are so low in some regions that you can see the effects from space.Bustillos Lagoon in northern Mexico, for example, is at 50% of its typical capacity. The US Geological Survey released images this month from its <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rivers-dams-pollution-satellite-pictures-human-activity-water-2018-9">Landsat satellites</a> showing the shriveled-up lagoon in June compared to its size 6 months earlier in January.<div type="image" title="A side-by-side satellite image of the same lake full and at 50% capacity on the right" height="1080" width="1440" msid="112880360" hostid="261" sizebytes="100092"></div>The lagoon's reduced capacity was <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/vietnam-climate-crisis-economy-drought-kills-fish-threatens-coffee-production-2024-5">deadly for thousands of fish</a>. Low water levels concentrated pollutants even more reducing water quality and further stressing the fish, Irma de la Pena, head of the Ecology Department in the city of Cuauhtemoc, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/06/10/climate/dead-fish-lagoon-mexico-heat-drought-intl/index.html">told CNN</a> in June.<div type="image" title="Thousands of dead fish on brown, dry lake bed" height="1500" width="2250" msid="112880364" hostid="261" sizebytes="719038"></div>Bustillos Lagoon is a significant water source for the state of Chihuahua and is mainly used to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://revistatyca.org.mx/index.php/tyca/article/view/1855/1749">irrigate</a> nearly 20,000 agricultural plots. With limited water, people in Chihuahua have watched their crops and livestock wither.It's not just Bustillos Lagoon, though. Over 85% of the country was affected by the drought in May, with some areas having <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rainwater-no-longer-safe-to-drink-anywhere-study-forever-chemicals-2022-8">little rainfall</a> since the end of 2022, according to the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/multi-year-drought-and-heat-waves-across-mexico-2024">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>.You can see more images of drought-ridden Mexican lakes in the video below.The drought, "created a pretty big deficit in both the northwest and the south-central parts of the country in terms of lack of precipitation," Derek Vollmer, director of Waterscapes at WWF, told Business Insider.The view from space is bleak, but the images from the ground show an even grimmer reality for the people, plants, and animals coping with the drought.Some farmers can't provide adequate water for their livestock, and cows and donkeys have died during the hot and arid months. Other farmers have left the area because the conditions are so severe, rancher Jesus Maria Palacios <a target="_blank" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/mass-fish-death-mexicos-chihuahua-state-blamed-severe-drought-2024-06-08/">told Reuters</a> in June.<div type="image" title="A cow stuck in dirt in a dry lake bed" height="1500" width="2250" msid="112880361" hostid="261" sizebytes="340796"></div>Even the bees are perishing."There is almost no vegetation in the landscape right now, due to the drought," beekeeper Adan Rascon Ramos <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="c-link" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/nature-is-punishing-us-drought-imperils-farmers-bees-mexicos-north-2024-08-27/">told Reuters</a>. That includes thirsty wildflowers, which haven't bloomed.As a result, bees searching for pollen have turned to what limited agricultural crops are left, and the herbicides are killing them in droves.<div type="image" title="A person in a bee suit holds a handful of dead bees" height="1500" width="2250" msid="112880363" hostid="261" sizebytes="89214"></div><h2 id="5471463c-d242-41db-9fd0-198344c6e00c">An unusually dry year</h2>Using Landsat satellite data, researchers can determine that Mexico's current drought is more widespread than its last one in 2011 because it affected two regions, the north and south-central."From hundreds of miles up in space, we're able to look at things like drought and look at very subtle shifts in what's happening on the landscape," Terry Sohl of the USGS's Earth Resources Observation and Science Center told BI.<div type="image" title="A man on a balcony looks at a dry bed of a lake covered in dead fish" height="1500" width="2250" msid="112880358" hostid="261" sizebytes="350456"></div>Different factors led to the latest drought. Last year, El Niño failed to bring its usual precipitation to the north, and a weak La Niña affected rain levels in the south and central regions. The first half of this year was also <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pervasive-drought-threatens-tourism-industry-in-sicily-italy-2024-7">very dry</a>, adding to the problem, according to NOAA.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-category-6-wind-speed-prediction-2024-2">Tropical storms</a> in June brought some relief to the central and southwest regions but northwest Mexico is still in a drought.Over half of Mexico's reservoirs are at or below 50%, right now. "It takes a lot of additional precipitation to build that back up," Vollmer said. "One good set of rain isn't going to take places out of drought."Vollmer said drier conditions could become more permanent in some regions. Droughts are classified based on historical averages, he said, but "we're moving into new conditions." What was once a drought may now be the new normal.There are some potential measures to help safeguard against future droughts. WWF has been working in Mexico to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wwf-nonprofits-that-helps-companies-with-sustainability-goals-2022-5">help communities</a> create <a target="_blank" href="https://wwf.panda.org/discover/our_focus/freshwater_practice/freshwater_inititiaves/water_reserves_initiative/">water reserves</a> by implementing policies to keep river systems above a certain level. Originally it was an effort to ensure biodiversity, but "it's increasingly recognized as kind of an insurance against these drought conditions," Vollmer said.

Mexico's draught is so severe you can see the effects from space

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-space-station-nears-completion-sharpens-us-china-space-rivalry-2022-5">China</a>'s <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-succeeded-in-photographing-mars-tianwen-1-ice-cap-2022-1">Mars orbiter</a> has <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-zhurong-rover-mars-photos-2021-5">imaged</a> the entire red planet, according to state media.</li><li>The <keyword id="14325130" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="tianwen-1" source="Orion">Tianwen-1</keyword> mission — the orbiter and a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-first-mars-landing-zhurong-rover-and-lander-2021-5">rover</a> — met its scientific goals, state media said.</li></ul><keyword id="11892748" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="china" source="Orion">China</keyword>'s Mars-orbiting <keyword id="12179462" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="spacecraft" source="Orion">spacecraft</keyword> has beamed back stunning images of the red planet's most distinctive features, and they're just a sample of its new photo library.The Tianwen-1 orbiter spacecraft has imaged the entire planet of <keyword id="12055530" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="mars" source="Orion">Mars</keyword>, the China Aerospace <keyword id="11896083" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="science" source="Orion">Science</keyword> and Technology Corporation said on <a href="https://weibo.com/5386897742/LzX5XiLpw">Weibo</a> on Wednesday. China released a handful of the orbiter's images from across the Martian surface with the announcement.<div type="image" title="craters on mars top-down view from space" height="810" width="1080" msid="92557473" hostid="261" sizebytes="45110"></div>Since falling into its <keyword id="12578367" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="orbit" source="Orion">orbit</keyword> there in February 2021, the spacecraft has circled Mars more than 1,300 times, Chinese state media <a href="https://news.cgtn.com/news/2022-06-29/China-s-Mars-probe-Tianwen-1-completes-mission-1bfTxK5ywtW/index.html">reported</a>. The orbiter brought a <keyword id="12145882" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="rover" source="Orion">rover</keyword> to Mars as well, dropping it into Utopia Planitia, a vast field of ancient volcanic rock that may have extensive reserves of water frozen beneath its surface. The rover, named Zhurong for ancient Chinese mythology's god of fire, aimed to explore the region and search for its water ice with ground-penetrating radar.<div type="image" title="ridges of brown red sand on mars with two rover antennae in the foreground" height="462" width="1080" msid="92557474" hostid="261" sizebytes="31888"></div>If space agencies like NASA or <keyword id="12911098" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="china-national-space-administration" source="Orion">China National Space Administration</keyword> someday send humans to Mars, water would be a crucial resource. It can both sustain astronauts and be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen for rocket fuel. It's unlikely Mars-bound spaceships could carry enough water, oxygen, and hydrogen for the entire journey there and back, so they would likely need to mine it on Mars.<div type="image" title="wavy sheet of ice on mars view from space" height="810" width="1080" msid="92557475" hostid="261" sizebytes="25322"></div>The Zhurong rover traveled nearly 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) before going into hibernation to save its energy through Mars's hyper-cold winter, according to state media. The rover is expected to power back up in December, when Martian spring arrives.This was the first Mars mission to send a spacecraft into the planet's orbit, drop a landing platform onto the Martian surface, and deploy a rover all in one expedition.<div type="image" title="china tianwen 1 mission orbiter with lander rover capsule" height="1500" width="2000" msid="92557476" hostid="261" sizebytes="87138"></div>Craters were a prominent feature in the images, of course. The below image shows the rim of the ancient Maunder crater, which is about 56 miles (90 kilometers) wide and is partially filled with dust, sand, and other Mars material.<div type="image" title="black and white image from space shows craggy crater rim on mars with smooth sand inside" height="918" width="1080" msid="92557477" hostid="261" sizebytes="112052"></div>One image captures a stunning view of the Valles Marineris canyon system, which is almost as long as the United States is wide. The canyons there reach up to 4 miles deep. For perspective, the Grand Canyon on Earth is just 1 mile deep.<div type="image" title="top-down space view of canyon cutting across orange mars landscape" height="810" width="1080" msid="92557479" hostid="261" sizebytes="34118"></div>Both Tianwen-1 robots, on the Martian ground and in its orbit, have completed their scientific missions, state media reported Wednesday. The orbiter has beamed 1,040 gigabytes of raw data back to Earth, which CNSA will eventually release publicly, state media said.For now, the mission's findings are not clear.

China's Mars spacecraft has photographed the entire red planet, state media says

<keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> has shared an update on its <keyword id="7895130" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="artemis-programme">Artemis programme</keyword>, including the latest plans to land the first woman and the next man on the surface of the Moon in 2024 at a cost of nearly $28 billion. However, according to NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, meeting the tight deadline set by the <keyword id="6354484" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Donald-Trump">Donald Trump</keyword> administration would depend a lot on Congress approving $3.2 billion quickly for the development of human-rated lunar landers, according to a report in Spaceflight Now on Monday. NASA had earlier proposed a plan to return humans to Moon by 2028. In the 18 months since NASA accepted the "bold" challenge to accelerate its exploration plans by more than four years and establish sustainable exploration by the end of the decade, the agency has continued to gain momentum toward sending humans to the Moon again for the first time since the last Apollo lunar mission in 1972. "With bipartisan support from Congress, our 21st century push to the Moon is well within America's reach," said Bridenstine. "As we've solidified more of our exploration plans in recent months, we've continued to refine our budget and architecture. We're going back to the Moon for scientific discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for a new a generation of explorers." The NASA Administrator said that the agency is also building momentum "toward those first human steps on the Red Planet." The agency's powerful new rocket, the <keyword id="1347202" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Space-Launch-System">Space Launch System</keyword> (SLS), and the <keyword id="2065228" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Orion-spacecraft">Orion spacecraft</keyword> are closer than ever to their first integrated launch, NASA said. The spacecraft is complete while the core stage and its attached four engines are undergoing a final series of tests that will culminate in a critical hot fire test this autumn. Following a successful hot fire test, the core stage will be shipped to the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida for integration with the spacecraft. NASA will launch an SLS and an Orion together on two flight tests around the Moon to check performance, life support, and communication capabilities. The first mission -- known as Artemis I -- is on track for 2021 without astronauts, and Artemis II will fly with crew in 2023. While preparing for and carrying out these flight test missions, NASA already will be back on the Moon robotically - using commercial delivery services to send dozens of new science investigations and technology demonstrations to the Moon twice per year beginning in 2021. In 2024, Artemis III will be humanity's return to the surface of the Moon - landing the first astronauts on the lunar South Pole. After launching on SLS, astronauts will travel about 240,000 miles to lunar orbit aboard Orion, at which point they will directly board one of the new commercial human landing systems, or dock to the Gateway to inspect it and gather supplies before boarding the landing system for their expedition to the surface. The Gateway will be an outpost orbiting the Moon that provides vital support for a sustainable, long-term human return to the lunar surface, as well as a staging point for deep space exploration. Wearing modern spacesuits that allow for greater flexibility and movement than those of their Apollo predecessors, astronauts will collect samples and conduct a range of science experiments over the course of nearly seven days. Using the lander, they will return to lunar orbit before ultimately heading home to Earth aboard Orion, NASA said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/dailyhunt-to-launch-family-of-bharat-apps-claiming-it-can-push-a-new-mobile-app-every-three-days/articleshow/78250283.cms">EXCLUSIVE: Dailyhunt is curating an entire family of 'Bharat' apps — claims it can push a new mobile app every three days</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/rajya-sabha-passes-banking-amendment-bill-2020/articleshow/78251384.cms">Rajya Sabha passes Banking Amendment Bill 2020 bringing cooperative banks under RBI's umbrella</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/latest-updates-on-india-china-border-issue/articleshow/78162853.cms">India-China border dispute was discussed for 14 hours at the sixth Corps Commander-level meeting</a>

NASA's plan to put humans back on the Moon will cost $28 billion

Chandrayaan-3, India's mission to Moon, is likely to be launched in early 2021, Union Minister <keyword id="52861" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jitendra-Singh">Jitendra Singh</keyword> said on Sunday. However, unlike Chandrayaan-2, it will not have an orbiter, but will include a lander and a rover, he added. After the hard landing of Chandrayaan-2 in September last year, space agency ISRO had planned another mission to the Moon later this year. However, the coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown have hit several of ISRO's projects and delayed missions like Chandrayaan-3. "As for Chandrayaan-3, the launch may now take place somewhere in early 2021. Chandrayaan-3 will be a mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2 and will include a Lander and Rover similar to that of Chandrayaan-2, but will not have an orbiter," a statement quoting Singh said. Planned to land on the South Pole of the Moon, Chandrayaan-2 was launched on July 22 last year. However, the lander Vikram hard-landed on September 7, crashing India's dream to become the first nation to successfully touch down on the lunar surface in its maiden attempt. The orbiter of the mission is working fine and has been sending data. Singh, who is the Minister of State for the Department of Space, said Chandrayaan-1, ISRO's maiden mission to the Moon launched in 2008, has sent images which show that Earth's satellite may be rusting along the poles. "The sign of this finding is that even though the surface of the Moon is known to have iron-rich rocks, it is not known for the presence of water and oxygen, which are the two elements needed to interact with iron to create rust," he said. Scientists at <keyword id="9471075" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-national-aeronautics-and-space-administration">the National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> (<keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword>) say that this could be because the Earth's own atmosphere is lending a helping hand which, in other words, means that the Earth's atmosphere could be protecting the Moon as well, the statement said. "Thus, the Chandrayaan-1 Moon data indicates that the Moon's poles are home to water, this is what the scientists are trying to decipher," the statement added. Meanwhile, preparations are going on for India's first-ever Human Space mission Gaganyaan, he added. The training processes and other procedures are also in place. "Constraints due to the <keyword id="8764262" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid">COVID</keyword> pandemic led to some disruptions in the plan for Gaganyaan but efforts are going on to stick to the timeline of around 2022," the minister said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/pubg-ban-india-makes-chinese-company-tencent-loses-34-billion-in-2-days/articleshow/77924912.cms">Tencent loses nearly $34 billion since the PUBG Mobile ban in India — its second-largest valuation dip this year</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/facebook-officially-rolls-out-instagram-reels-but-not-everyone-is-happy-with-the-new-update/articleshow/77930380.cms">Facebook officially rolls out Instagram Reels — but not everyone is happy with the new update</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/elon-musk-jeff-bezos-mark-zuckerberg-and-the-other-richest-tech-billionaires-lost-a-total-of-44-billion-this-week/articleshow/77941008.cms">Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Mark Zuckerberg, and the other richest tech billionaires lost a total of $44 billion this week</a>

'Chandrayaan-3 will be mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2' — may launch early 2021 after delay due to COVID-19 lockdown

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-zhurong-mars-rover-first-drive-2021-5">China's</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-lunar-rover-found-thick-dust-on-moon-far-side-2020-2">Yutu-2 rover</a>, on the far side of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-pushes-astronaut-moon-landing-to-2025-racing-china-2021-11">moon</a>, spotted a distant cube-shaped object last month.</li><li><keyword id="11892748" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="china" source="Orion">China</keyword>'s <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/watch-china-change-5-spacecraft-land-on-moon-surface-2020-12">space agency</a> dubbed the object "mysterious hut." Others called it "<keyword id="11900364" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="moon" source="Orion">moon</keyword> cube."</li></ul>China's mysterious "moon cube" is a mystery no longer. The big reveal: It's a rock that's not even shaped like a cube.The nation's Yutu-2 rover discovered the object — which appeared to be a gray cube looming on the lunar horizon — in early December. The <keyword id="12911098" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="china-national-space-administration" source="Orion">China National Space Administration</keyword> (<keyword id="12911099" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="cnsa" source="Orion">CNSA</keyword>) dubbed it "mysterious hut," playfully speculating that the cube might be an alien house or spacecraft.<keyword id="11893589" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="news" source="Orion">News</keyword> reports called it the "moon cube."<div type="image" title="cube-shaped rock on the lunar horizon" height="288" width="552" msid="88778025" hostid="261"></div>The CNSA estimated the object was about 80 meters (262 feet) away, according to the <a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/dpKkjWHk9tay3JERnrfuUw">blog</a> "Our <keyword id="11895441" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="space" source="Orion">space</keyword>," which is affiliated with the agency, and prepared to drive the rover toward it. The blog said it would take two or three months to reach the cube.After several weeks of preparations and driving, the rover is close enough to see that the "mysterious hut" is just a rock. Its sharp-lined geometric appearance on the horizon was a simple trick of perspective, light, and shadow.In an <a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VgtehRidYL8-dk9YtENQfg">updated</a> posted on Friday, "Our space" published the rover's latest photo of its target, below.<div type="image" title="moon surface with rabbit-shaped rock in the distance" height="409" width="1080" msid="88778028" hostid="261"></div>One of the rover's ground controllers noted in the blog that the rock is shaped like a rabbit, with smaller rocks in front of it that resemble a carrot. The rover's name, Yutu, means "Jade Rabbit" — which is now the name of the rock, too.Yutu-2 reached the moon in January 2019, when the Chang'e-4 lander touched down on the lunar surface and rolled out a ramp for the rover to descend. It was the first mission to land on the far side of the moon.In the three years since, Yutu-2 has driven over 1,000 meters (0.6 miles), used ground-penetrating radar to reveal a surprisingly deep layer of lunar soil, and identified rocks from the lunar mantle, below the crust, which were pushed to the surface when an asteroid crashed into the moon billions of years ago.<div type="image" title="China rover dark side of the moon" height="1350" width="1800" msid="88778030" hostid="261"></div>The rover has survived long past its initial three-month mission, meaning Yutu-2 had plenty free time for a wild cube chase.

Hyped up 'moon cube' discovered by Chinese rover turns out to be a rabbit-shaped rock

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-first-mars-landing-zhurong-rover-and-lander-2021-5">China's Zhurong rover</a>, which landed on <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword> one week ago, has completed its first test drive.</li><li>This makes <keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> only the second nation ever to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-to-attempt-mars-rover-landing-2021-5">operate a rover</a> on the red planet.</li><li>Zhurong's cameras have already beamed back <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-zhurong-rover-mars-photos-2021-5">photos of the Martian landscape</a>.</li></ul>China has become only the second nation to ever drive a <keyword id="155626" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Rover">rover</keyword> on Mars, joining the US.After successfully touching down on the red planet on May 15, the Chinese National <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="space">Space</keyword> Administration's Zhurong rover sat tight on its landing pad, charging up as its solar panels soaked in energy from the sun.On Saturday, the rover - named after a god of fire in Chinese mythology - finally left its lander behind.At 10:40 am Beijing time, Zhurong rolled down a ramp and onto the Martian surface, according to a post on the rover's social media account, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/china-says-martian-rover-takes-first-drive-surface-red-planet-2021-05-22/">Reuters reported</a>.<div type="image" title="china mars zhurong rover" height="2992" width="2984" msid="82861152" hostid="261"></div>According to China's state media outlet, <a href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-05/22/c_139963582.htm">Xinhua</a>, the rover then completed its first test drive, "leaving the country's first 'footprints' on the red planet." The mission that brought Zhurong to Mars is called Tianwen-1, meaning "questions to heaven." It's the first Mars mission ever to send a spacecraft into the planet's orbit, drop a landing platform onto the Martian surface, and deploy a rover all in one expedition. <h2>Exploring a volcanic-rock field for signs of water ice</h2><div type="image" title="zhurong rover mars china" height="2436" width="3248" msid="82861153" hostid="261"></div>The Tianwen-1 lander carried Zhurong inside of it down to Mars' Utopia Planitia - a giant plain in the planet's northern hemisphere.Now that it's ready to roll, Zhurong will explore the plain and search for underground water ice, while also capturing 3D images of the surface and examining the chemical make-up of Martian soil.Utopia Planitia is a vast field of ancient volcanic rock that may have extensive reserves of water ice beneath its surface. If space agencies like NASA and CNSA send humans to Mars one day, water would be a crucial resource because it can both sustain astronauts and get broken down into hydrogen and oxygen for rocket fuel. It's unlikely Mars-bound spaceships could carry enough water, oxygen, and hydrogen for the entire journey there and back.<div type="image" title="china mars zhurong rover" height="2992" width="2968" msid="82861155" hostid="261"></div>On Wednesday, China released Zhurong's first photos from the red planet.The color image below, taken by the rover's navigation camera, shows Zhurong' sitting atop the Tianwen-1 lander with its solar panels unfolded.<div type="image" title="china mars rover zhurong" height="2400" width="2400" msid="82861158" hostid="261"></div><h2>A rover with an active suspension system</h2>Zhurong becomes the sixth rover ever to successfully operate on Mars. In the last 24 years, NASA landed and drove five rovers. The Soviet Union managed to land a rover in 1971, but lost contact with it before the mission could begin.At 530 pounds, Zhurong is about the size of the twin Spirit and Opportunity rovers NASA put on Mars in 2004. Zhurong has about 90 days to study the red planet. (That's its official mission timeline, but Spirit and Opportunity had the same three-month window and ended up exploring Mars for six and 14 years, respectively.)The Chinese rover can move about 656 feet (200 m) per hour, and drive up and over obstacles that are a foot tall, <a href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-05/22/c_139963582.htm">Xinhua reported</a>.What makes Zhurong unique, however, is its active suspension system. NASA's rovers, including Perseverance, use a <a href="http://robotics.estec.esa.int/i-SAIRAS/isairas2014/Data/Session%204a/ISAIRAS_FinalPaper_0061.pdf">passive suspension system</a> called rocker-bogie, which helps the vehicles put the same amount of weight on each of their six wheels. This minimizes how much the rovers tilt over uneven terrain. But each of Zhurong's six wheels can be controlled independently, and its active suspension system may adjust how much weight needs to go on each wheel to help rover climb steeper slopes or obstacles."It could help the rover get out of trouble" if Zhurong encounters loose sandy soil or densely distributed rocks, Jia Yang, deputy chief designer of the Tianwen-1 mission, told Xinhua.<div type="image" title="NASA Perseverance " height="2160" width="3840" msid="82861160" hostid="261"></div>Now that the Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover have reached Mars, NASA's Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter are no longer the red planet's newest arrivals.Perseverance touched down on Mars three months ago carrying Ingenuity, in part of the planet called the Jezero Crater.It's unlikely China and the US's rovers will ever cross paths. While both Utopia Planitia and the Jezero Crater are in Mars' northern hemisphere, the distance between the two landing sites is <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/19/22443640/china-tianwen-1-first-images-zhurong-mars-rover-landing#:~:text=NASA's%20most%20recent%20rover%2C%20Perseverance,at%20Utopia%20Planitia%20in%201976.)76.)">about 1,000 miles</a>.Morgan McFall-Johnsen contributed reporting to this story.

China's Mars rover has made its first tracks on the red planet

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-to-attempt-mars-rover-landing-2021-5">China's Zhurong rover</a>, which landed on <keyword id="47638" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Mars">Mars</keyword> on Saturday, sent back its first images of the planet.</li><li>The rover's cameras snapped photos of the Martian landscape from onboard the <keyword id="9109397" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Tianwen-1">Tianwen-1</keyword> lander.</li><li><keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> is the third nation ever to land on Mars. Its rover aims to study water ice under the surface.</li></ul>China made history on Saturday when it <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-first-mars-landing-zhurong-rover-and-lander-2021-5">successfully landed a spacecraft on Mars</a>, making it just the third nation ever to do so.On Wednesday, the Chinese National <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="space">Space</keyword> Administration (CNSA) received its first postcard from the red planet.The CNSA <a href="http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465652/n6465653/c6812028/content.html">released the images</a>, one color and one black-and-white, on Wednesday.The color image below, taken by the navigation camera on China's Mars rover, shows its solar panels unfolded, soaking in the sun's ray for energy. The rover is called Zhurong, after a god of fire in Chinese mythology. <div type="image" title="china mars rover zhurong" height="2400" width="2400" msid="82787520" hostid="261"></div>China's Mars mission is called Tianwen-1, meaning "questions to heaven." It's the first Mars mission ever to send a spacecraft into the planet's orbit, drop a landing platform onto the Martian surface, and deploy a rover all in one expedition. The Tianwen-1 lander carried Zhurong inside of it down to Mars' Utopia Planitia - a giant plain in the planet's northern hemisphere. The rover is still in the lander, but it's expected to drive down a built-in ramp to get off the lander and onto the surface of Mars either Friday or Saturday, <a href="https://www.space.com/china-mars-rover-zhurong-first-photos">Space.com reported</a>.Zhurong's obstacle-avoidance camera took the black-and-white image below, which depicts the lander ramp.<div type="image" title="china mars rover zhurong" height="2400" width="2400" msid="82787521" hostid="261"></div>Once the rover drives down that ramp, it's programmed to explore the plain and search for underground water ice.Utopia Planitia is a vast field of ancient volcanic rock that may have extensive reserves of water ice beneath its surface. If space agencies like NASA and CNSA send humans to Mars one day, water would be a crucial resource because it can both sustain astronauts and get broken down into hydrogen and oxygen for rocket fuel. It's unlikely Mars-bound spaceships could carry enough water, oxygen, and hydrogen for the entire journey there and back.At 530 pounds, Zhurong is about the size of the Spirit and Opportunity rovers NASA landed on Mars in 2004.Once Zhurong is on the ground, it has about 90 days to study Mars.That's its official mission timeline, but Spirit and Opportunity had the same three-month window and ended up exploring Mars for six and 14 years, respectively.<h2>Zhurong is 1,000 miles away from NASA's Perseverance rover </h2><div type="image" title="NASA Perseverance " height="2160" width="3840" msid="82787522" hostid="261"></div>Now that the Tianwen-1 lander and Zhurong rover have reached Mars, NASA's Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter are no longer the red planet's newest arrivals.Perseverance touched down on Mars three months ago carrying Ingenuity, in part of the planet called the Jezero Crater.Perseverance is set to explore Mars and search of signs of ancient microbial life. Ingenuity has thus far flown over the Martian landscape five times.It's unlikely China and the US's rovers will ever cross paths. While both Utopia Planitia and the Jezero Crater are in Mars' northern hemisphere, the distance between the two landing sites is <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/5/19/22443640/china-tianwen-1-first-images-zhurong-mars-rover-landing#:~:text=NASA's%20most%20recent%20rover%2C%20Perseverance,at%20Utopia%20Planitia%20in%201976.)76.)">about 1,000 miles</a>.

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