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<br />The Palghar administration on Tuesday asked authorities to remain alert against a possible spread of the <keyword id="532110" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="congo-fever">Congo fever</keyword> in the Maharashtra district. <keyword id="10020800" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-crimean-congo-hemorrhagic-fever">The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever</keyword> (CCHF), commonly known as the Congo fever, spreads in humans through ticks. <br /><br />The district administration said in the wake of the outbreak of COVID-19, this is a matter of concern for cattle- breeders, meat-sellers and animal husbandry officials, and it is necessary to take timely precautions as there is no specific and useful treatment for the CCHF. <br /><br />Palghar animal husbandry department's deputy commissioner Dr Prashant D Kamble in a circular said the CCHF has been found in some districts of Gujarat, and is likely to spread to border districts of Maharashtra. <br /><br />Palghar is close to Gujarat's <keyword id="76173" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Valsad-district">Valsad district</keyword>. <br /><br />The department has instructed authorities to take all necessary precautions and implement preventive measures. <br /><br />"This <keyword id="43564" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Viral-disease">viral disease</keyword> is transmitted from one animal to another by a specific type of tick...the disease is transmitted to humans through contact with the blood of infected animals and by eating the meat of infected animals," the circular said. <br /><br />"If the disease is not diagnosed and treated in time, 30 per cent of patients die," it said. <br /><br />The CCHF is a widespread disease caused by a tick- borne virus (Nairovirus) of the <keyword id="10020801" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="bunyaviridae">Bunyaviridae</keyword> family. The virus causes severe viral haemorrhagic fever outbreaks, with a case fatality rate of 10 to 40 per cent, as per <keyword id="2555741" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="The-World-Health-Organisation">the World Health Organisation</keyword> (WHO). <br /><br />There is no vaccine available for either people or animals against the disease, it said. <br /><br /> Human-to-human transmission can occur resulting from close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected persons. <br /><br />Hospital-acquired infections can also occur due to improper sterilisation of medical equipment, reuse of needles and contamination of medical supplies, according to the WHO. <br /><br />SEE ALSO: <br /><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/these-are-the-top-ten-richest-women-in-india-according-to-hurun-rich-list/slidelist/78385372.cms">These are the top ten richest women in India, according to Hurun Rich List</a><br /><a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/mazagon-dock-shipbuilders-ipo-fully-subscribed-on-day-one-led-by-robust-retail-demand/articleshow/78384125.cms">Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders IPO fully subscribed on day one — led by robust retail demand</a>

Palghar on alert against a possible spread of the Congo fever

<p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Frederick Murphy/CDC/Handout</span></p><p class="caption">The Ebola virus.</p><p>KINSHASA (Reuters) -<span>A person in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) who died of a hemorrhagic fever has tested positive for the Ebola virus, signaling the start of a new outbreak, the DRC Health Ministry and the World Health Organization (WHO) said on Friday.</span></p><p>The case was confirmed from tests on nine people who came down with a hemorrhagic fever in Bas-Uele province in the northeast of the country on or after April 22, the statement said, adding that two of the sufferers had died.</p><p><span>"Our country must confront an outbreak of the Ebola virus that constitutes a public health crisis of international significance," the ministry said.</span></p><p><span>The WHO's Congo spokesman Eric Kabambi told Reuters: "It is in a very remote zone, very forested, so we are a little lucky. We always take this very seriously."</span></p><p>The World Health Organization announced on Twitter that they were informed about the outbreak on May 11 and that at least one case was confirmed to be Ebola by a national reference laboratory in Kinshasa.</p><p><span>The last outbreak of Ebola in Congo was in 2014 and killed 42 people.</span></p><p>The outbreak raises concerns <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/">after the 2014-2015 Ebola epidemic</a> in West Africa, which was the largest epidemic of the disease ever since it was first identified in 1976 in Yambuku, in what is now the Democratic Republic of Congo. More than 28,600 people were infected then, with more 11,300 deaths. </p><p>After the 2014-15 epidemic, the <a href="http://www.who.int/ebola/publications/nejm-after-ebola.pdf?ua=1">WHO response team concluded</a> that the risk of human infection remained unpredictable, meaning that future outbreaks were possible, but that large epidemics could be prevented with a rapid response.</p><p><em>(Reuters reporting by Andrew Ross)</em></p><h3>More from Kevin Loria:</h3><ul><li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-one-person-tests-positive-for-ebola-virus-in-congo-health-ministry-2017-5" rel="nofollow">One person tests positive for Ebola in Congo</a></li><li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/boyan-slat-ocean-cleanup-launch-2018-2017-5" rel="nofollow">A 22-year-old is moving ahead with a controversial plan to trap plastic floating in the great Pacific garbage patch</a></li><li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/why-burpees-and-jumping-rope-are-best-workouts-2017-5" rel="nofollow">The 2 exercises that will keep you fit for life</a></li><li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/zuul-crurivastator-armored-ankylosaur-dinosaur-ghostbusters-2017-5" rel="nofollow">Scientists discovered a new 'shin-destroying' armored dinosaur - and named it after Zuul from 'Ghostbusters'</a></li><li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bullet-ant-sting-hurt-most-painful-schmidt-sting-pain-index-2017-5" rel="nofollow">These are the worst stings in the world, according to a guy who's experienced them all</a></li></ul>

A person has died from Ebola in Congo, signaling the start of a new outbreak

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="11892827" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ghana" source="Orion">Ghana</keyword> declared its first outbreak of the <keyword id="14488383" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="marburg-virus" source="Orion">Marburg virus</keyword> on Sunday,</li><li>The virus, similar to Ebola, is a deadly and highly contagious sickness.</li></ul><p>Ghana declared its first outbreak of the highly-contagious and deadly Marburg virus, sparking an effort to contain the sickness.</p><p>Two patients, men who were 26 and 51, died from the illness in the southern Ashanti region of Ghana on June 27 and 28, <a href="https://www.afro.who.int/countries/ghana/news/ghana-declares-first-ever-outbreak-marburg-virus-disease-0">the World Health Organization (WHO) said in a press release Sunday</a>. </p><p>People who have caught the virus in a previous outbreak had a 24% to 88% chance of dying from it, depending on the strain they caught and the care they had access to, <a href="https://www.afro.who.int/countries/ghana/news/ghana-declares-first-ever-outbreak-marburg-virus-disease-0">per the WHO.</a></p><p>There is no vaccine or cure.</p><p>Marburg is a cousin of the virus that causes Ebola virus disease (EVD). Like Ebola, the disease caused by the Marburg virus is a hemorrhagic fever.</p><p>Symptoms include fever, bloody diarrhea, bleeding from the gums, skin, eyes, and bloody urine, <a href="https://twitter.com/_GHSofficial/status/1548688781632495616/photo/1">the Ghana Health Service said in a statement Sunday.</a></p><div type="image" title="A map shows the location of the southern Ashanti region in Ghana, where two cases of Marburg virus have been detected." height="1295" width="1727" msid="92960341" hostid="261" sizebytes="118476"></div><p>The two patients in Ghana, who were not named, had symptoms including diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting, per WHO.</p><p>Authorities responded quickly in the hope of containing it, according to Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for <keyword id="11894607" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="africa" source="Orion">Africa</keyword>.</p><p>Marburg can "easily get out of hand" without immediate containment, but "health authorities have responded swiftly, getting a head start preparing for a possible outbreak," she said.</p><p>98 contacts of the patients are being monitored and have been quarantined, per the Ghana Health Service. </p><p>Marburg virus disease is a zoonotic disease, which means it can pass from animals to humans.</p><p>Human-to-human transmission can occur through bodily fluids of infected people, surfaces, and materials, per WHO.</p><p>Previous Marburg outbreaks have been seen elsewhere in Africa, per the WHO, including in Guinea, Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda.</p><p>Treatment against the symptoms of the illness, such as rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids, can improve the odds of survival. </p>

Ghana declares outbreak of Marburg virus, a deadly and contagious disease like Ebola, which officials are trying to contain

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="53062" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Guinea">Guinea</keyword> declared an <keyword id="410898" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="outbreak">outbreak</keyword> of <a href="https://www.insider.com/fda-approves-regeneron-drug-as-worlds-first-ebola-virus-treatment-2020-10">Ebola</a> on Sunday, the country's first reports of the virus since 2016.</li><li>Three people have died, among seven confirmed cases of <keyword id="6518004" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="ebola">Ebola</keyword> linked to a nurse's funeral.</li><li>The Guinean health ministry says it has isolated the survivors and begun contact tracing. </li></ul><p>Guinea has declared an Ebola outbreak for the first time since 2016, when a two-year outbreak in <keyword id="860773" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="west-Africa">West Africa</keyword> finally ended after killing more than 11,000 people.</p><p>The new outbreak, in the town of Gouécké, has already killed three - two women and a man. They were among seven people who attended a nurse's funeral on February 1 and later came down with diarrhea, vomiting, and bleeding. All seven cases have now been confirmed as <keyword id="1380291" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Ebola-virus">Ebola virus</keyword>.</p><p>The four people who are still alive have been isolated and contact tracing has begun, Guinea's health ministry, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSS), said in a <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Sanitaire.net/posts/1126844621099295">Facebook post</a> on Sunday.</p><p>Ebola can cause fever, aches, and fatigue before progressing to "wet" symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea, and hemorrhaging. On average, its fatality rate is about 50%. </p><p>The virus spreads through the bodily fluids of a sick or recently deceased person. Certain body fluids, like semen, can still transmit the virus after an infected person has recovered from their illness, according to the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/transmission/index.html">US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a>. Infected animals, like bats or primates, can transmit the virus to humans and spark new outbreaks.</p><p>"The resurgence of Ebola is very concerning for what it could do for the people, the economy, the health infrastructure," Dr. Krutika Kuppalli, an assistant professor of medicine for infectious diseases at the Medical University of South Carolina, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/health-guinea-ebola-virus-coronavirus-pandemic-africa-a121c2ff08bd58796ff1dfcd6adb7174">told The Associated Press</a>.</p><p>"We're still understanding the repercussions of the (last) outbreak on the population," she added.</p><p>Kuppalli was the medical director of an Ebola-treatment unit in Sierra Leone during the 2014-2016 outbreak, which began in Guinea then spread to Liberia and Sierra Leone. More than 28,000 people contracted the virus during those years, according to the <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/history/chronology.html">CDC</a>.</p><p>This is West Africa's first outbreak since then. The Guinean government says it is rushing to quash the resurgence, build a new Ebola treatment center, and accelerate distribution of the Ebola vaccine. </p><div type="image" title="health workers walk inside a new graveyard for Ebola victims, on the outskirts of Monrovia, Liberia. Despite the drop in reported Ebola cases, Dr. Bruce Aylward, leading WHO’s Ebola response, declared Friday April 10, 2015, that it’s too early for World Health Organization to downgrade the global emergency status of the biggest-ever Ebola outbreak in Africa." height="1350" width="1800" msid="80915850" hostid="261"></div><p>"The government reassures the people that all measures are being taken to curb this epidemic as quickly as possible," the ANSS said in its Facebook post.</p><p>Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, the World Health Organization's regional director for Africa, <a href="https://twitter.com/MoetiTshidi/status/1360855147669299201">said</a> on Twitter that she was "very concerned" by the new outbreak and that the WHO was also "ramping up readiness &amp; response efforts."</p><p>Since 2016, new Ebola outbreaks have only appeared in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including one that was particularly deadly from the summer of 2018 to the summer of 2020. More than 2,000 people died during that resurgence.</p><p>The Congo reported another outbreak of the virus last week. It seems to be unrelated to Guinea's new cases.</p>

Guinea declares first Ebola outbreak since 2016, after confirming 7 new cases linked to a funeral

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>John Moore/Getty</span></p><p class="caption">Doctors Without Borders (MSF) staffer Alex Eilert Paulsen watches as mattresses and bed frames burn at the Ebola Treatment Unit (ETU) on January 31, 2015 in Paynesville, Liberia.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>The World Health Organization recently updated their blueprint for research that lists the diseases most likely to cause a global pandemic that could kill millions.</strong></li><li><strong>Along with hemorrhagic viruses like Ebola and mosquito-borne diseases like Zika, they added a mysterious new condition: "Disease X."</strong></li><li><strong>Disease X represents the unknown disease that's quite likely to cause the next pandemic.</strong></li></ul><p>The inescapable truth for those who study disease outbreaks, new viruses, and the spread of illness is a haunting one.</p><p>The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/disease-dangers-pandemic-influenza-ebola-2017-5">next pandemic is coming</a>.</p><p>Known, incurable diseases lurk in hidden reservoirs all over the world. Thousands of unknown viruses circulate around the globe. And in labs, both <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nih-lifts-ban-on-flu-mers-sars-virus-gain-of-function-research-2017-12">for the sake of experimentation</a> and potentially also for <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pandemic-risk-to-humanity-2017-9">nefarious purposes</a>, research is conducted on biological agents to see if it's possible to <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/plague-biological-weapon-2017-7">make them more deadly</a>.</p><p>In their <a href="http://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/en/">recent blueprint for research on priority diseases</a> that could cause this pandemic, <a href="http://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/en/">the World Health Organization</a> (WHO) added a new potential threat: Disease X.</p><p>"Disease X" stands for the unknown.</p><p>The rest of the diseases on that list are already-known conditions. These include <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/diseases.html">hemorrhagic fevers</a> like Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, Rift Valley fever, Nipah, and henipaviral diseases. Other priority illnesses include coronaviruses like MERS and SARS and the mosquito-borne disease Zika.</p><p>Viruses and bacteria can mutate and become more infectious or deadly (or both), and there's a constant risk that new illnesses could find ways to jump from their hosts to humans.</p><p>It's likely that whatever pathogen causes the next pandemic, it'll be something we don't know how to react to. And as we've seen when new diseases like Zika first emerge, we're not able to stop these illnesses from rapidly spreading with devastating results.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Thomson Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Pigs in a factory farm could pick up a bird virus.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>What to expect from an unknown disease</h2><p>As the WHO's description explains, the disease that turns out to be "Disease X" could be one that we don't yet know is dangerous.</p><p>Seemingly non-threatening diseases have changed course before. </p><p>As Dr. Michael Kurilla, director of the Office of Biodefense Research Resources and Translational Research at the NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/zika-virus-shows-why-emerging-diseases-are-so-dangerous-2016-1">told Business Insider in 2016</a>, for years we thought certain viruses known as coronaviruses were relatively innocuous.</p><p>"But then SARS came around," he said then, referring to the 2002-2003 outbreak of the coronavirus that infected more than 8,000 and killed approximately 10% of those infected. Ten years later came MERS. Both of these ended up on the WHO blueprint for research on diseases that could cause the next pandemic - as did Zika, which until recently hadn't been considered a disease of major concern.</p><p>A pandemic could also come from a mutated version of an existing pathogen.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/influenza-epidemic/records-list.html">National Archives</a></span></p><p class="caption">It's almost certain that we'll eventually see a disease like the 1918 pandemic influenza that was one of the deadliest events in human history.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>A deadly flu</h2><p>A mutated flu has long been a contender for the source  of our next pandemic, according to virologists and epidemiologists.</p><p>"We are coming up on the centenary of the 1918 influenza pandemic," George Poste, a member of the <a href="http://www.biodefensestudy.org/">Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense</a>, a group created to assess the state of biodefense in the US, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pandemic-risk-to-humanity-2017-9">previously told Business Insider</a>. "We've been fortunately spared anything on that scale for the past 100 years, but it is inevitable that a pandemic strain of equal virulence will emerge."</p><p>Writing in the Daily Mail, Dr. Jonathan Quick, a faculty member of Harvard Medical School and chair of the Global Health Council, recently said that our factory farm system could be the perfect incubator for a pandemic flu. There are thousands of close-together pigs potentially exposed to chickens or wild birds, which creates the perfect opportunity for a bird flu to acquire the genes needed to start infecting mammals like pigs - and humans.</p><p>"The renegade influenza viruses they spawn could one day annihilate the people they feed," <a href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-5465241/Why-believe-killer-flu-pandemic-just-corner.html">he wrote</a>.</p><p>And there's always the possibility that someone intentionally could create and spread a pandemic disease. That's the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pandemic-risk-to-humanity-2017-9">scariest global disaster that Melinda Gates can imagine</a> happening within the next ten years, she recently said in an interview at South By Southwest.</p><p>For preparations sake, she said we should have the equivalent of a disease-monitoring organization like the CDC solely focused on bioterrorism.</p><p>As journalist David Quammen explained in his book "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Spillover-Animal-Infections-Human-Pandemic/dp/0393066800?tag=bisafetynet2-20">Spillover: Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic</a>," a deadly new virus will inevitably appear: "If you're a thriving population, living at high density but exposed to new bugs, it's just a matter of time until the [Next Big One] arrives."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/peter-diamandis-how-silicon-valley-can-make-100-new-60-2018-2">What Silicon Valley is doing to make humans live longer</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

The World Health Organization has listed 'Disease X' as the next potential pandemic - here's how worried you should be

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/John Bompengo</span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>There's been a disturbing new development in the ongoing <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/ebola">Ebola</a> outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.</strong></li><li><strong>Health officials have confirmed that an infected person was found in a city of 1.2 million, meaning the disease spread beyond the town it was first spotted in.</strong></li><li><strong>This brings the total number of Ebola cases to 44, with 3 confirmed, 20 probable, and 21 suspected. There have been at least 23 deaths.</strong></li><li><strong>Ebola in an urban area is much more dangerous, as that dramatically increases the possibility that the disease could spread rapidly.</strong></li></ul><p><br />The ongoing <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ebola-outbreak-spreading-in-congo-2018-5">Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> (DRC) has entered a dangerous new phase.</p><p>The DRC's Ministry of Health has <a href="http://www.who.int/news-room/detail/17-05-2018-who-concerned-as-one-ebola-case-confirmed-in-urban-area-of-democratic-republic-of-the-congo">announced that they've confirmed</a> an Ebola case in Mbandaka, a city of 1.2 million that's more than 90 miles away from the small town where the initial cases were reported and confirmed.</p><p>Containing Ebola in a small region is much easier than stopping the spread of the disease in an urban area. The potentially disturbing thing about the initial cases, in the town of Bikoro, was that the town itself was on a lake connected to the Congo River, the second largest river in Africa, which connects to cities full of millions of people.</p><p>That meant an infected person could travel to a more populous area, potentially infecting more people and making rapid and hard-to-trace spread of the deadly virus possible. While it's unclear how much further the virus has spread, it's now confirmed that it at least reached an urban area.</p><p>That confirmation "is a game changer in this outbreak," Peter Salama, the World Health Organization (WHO) Deputy Director-General for Emergency Preparedness and Response, <a href="https://twitter.com/PeteSalama/status/997028865934442497">said on Twitter</a>. "[T]he challenge just got much much tougher."</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>Thomson Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Tracing anyone who was in contact with an infected person is an urgent priority.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><h2>Stopping the spread</h2><p>The WHO is dispatching approximately 30 experts to conduct surveillance in the city and to help trace any contacts the infected patient may have had. Ideally, anyone who may have been exposed can be quarantined so they don't spread the disease any further.</p><p>As of May 15, this brings the total number of Ebola cases to 44, with 3 confirmed, 20 probable, and 21 suspected. There have been at least 23 deaths.</p><p>When the WHO first declared a new outbreak, an <a href="https://www.statnews.com/2018/05/09/new-ebola-outbreak-congo-raises-who-concerns/">official told Stat</a> it was possible the disease could have spread further than had been reported.</p><p>A team from Medecins Sans Frontieres, also known as Doctors Without Borders, is helping coordinate responses on the ground in Congo, working with the WHO and local health officials. The WHO also <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ap-congos-health-ministry-says-doses-of-ebola-vaccine-arrive-2018-5">sent more than 4,000 doses of an experimental vaccine</a> to the region. It's possible that such a vaccine could work to halt the spread of the disease in a limited region, though it's not clear yet exactly how effective that is. But if the disease starts to spread in larger cities, many more vaccine doses would be needed.</p><h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Frederick Murphy/CDC/Handout</span></p><p class="caption">Some of the ultrastructural morphology displayed by an Ebola virus virion is revealed in this undated handout colorized transmission electron micrograph (TEM) obtained by Reuters August 1, 2014.</p></div><p></p></div></div></h2><h2>A dangerous virus with pandemic potential</h2><p>Health officials try to immediately contain any Ebola outbreak before it turns into a deadly epidemic or pandemic, as the disease can spread rapidly.</p><p>Ebola is a viral hemorrhagic fever <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/journey-to-yambuku-zaire-to-find-ebola-2017-7">discovered in 1976 in Yambuku, Zaire</a>, now the Congo. Fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks, with an average of about 50%.</p><p>Generally, an Ebola outbreak begins when humans encounter an infected animal, then spreads among humans through direct contact with blood or other bodily fluids. Symptoms usually begin with fever, weakness, soreness, and headache, often followed by vomiting, diarrhea, rashes, organ failure, and sometimes internal and external bleeding.</p><p>The 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa infected more than 28,600 people and killed more than 11,300. In the wake of that epidemic, the experimental vaccine being deployed in the DRC was developed.</p><p>It's <a href="https://twitter.com/HelenBranswell/status/997105886484205569">possible but not yet clear</a> that a WHO emergency committee will declare the situation a public health emergency of international concern as they meet tomorrow. The fact that the virus has reached a city shows that despite a quick initial response by health officials, the disease has not yet been contained.</p><p>"This is why I was more cautious than others in hailing the pace / progress of the early response," Ronald Klain, the Ebola response coordinator for the US government during the 2014 epidemic, <a href="https://twitter.com/RonaldKlain/status/997124056796233728">said on Twitter</a>. "We still don't know how serious a problem this outbreak will be, and how quickly key response elements will actually be IN PLACE (not just announced, en route, etc)."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/mcdonalds-wendys-burger-king-arbys-jack-in-the-box-red-logos-2018-5">Why so many fast food logos are red</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

An Ebola case in a city of 1.2 million represents a dangerous new phase for the outbreak

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"></div><p></p></div></div>When Ebola first arrived in Europe on September 29, 1976, the vials of the virus were carried from Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in a shiny blue thermos on a passenger flight.</p>
<p>Three lab workers in Antwerp, Belgium, received the thermos and prepared to open it on a lab bench. The precautions they took and the room they were in were appropriate for handling organisms like salmonella or tuberculosis, with none of the security procedures or body suits that we now associate with manipulating Biosafety Level 4 pathogens like Ebola.</p>
<p>All the lab team knew was that they were receiving blood samples from an unusual epidemic that was suspected to possibly be some form of "yellow fever with hemorrhagic manifestations," according to Peter Piot, one of the three in the room and a co-discoverer of the Ebola virus. Piot wrote about the experience in his book "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/No-Time-Lose-Pursuit-Viruses/dp/039306316X" target="_blank">No Time to Lose: A Life in Pursuit of Deadly Viruses</a>."</p>
<p>Wearing latex gloves and no other protection, they opened the cheap plastic thermos that was supposed to hold two glass vials of blood that had been drawn from a Flemish nun who was too sick to be evacuated from the Congo.</p>
<p>One of the vials was broken - the thermos hadn't been stored carefully enough on the passenger plane that carried it from Kinshasa.</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"></div><p></p></div>Blood and broken glass mixed with half melted ice. Piot, who was a 27-year-old medical school graduate and junior lab worker at the time, describes that moment:</p>

<p>If they had any idea what Ebola was at the time, it would have been shipped to one of the three non-Soviet labs that were considered able to handle hemorrhagic viruses.</p>
<p>But since the team had no idea of exactly what they had received, Piot's two co-workers, postdoc student René Delgadillo and Guido Van Der Groen, reached into the soupy viral mess and picked out the intact vial.</p>
<p>"It makes me wince just to think of it," Piot writes.</p>
<p>To isolate the virus, the three - still maskless and with no protection but gloves - injected the blood into cell cultures and into the brains of adult and baby mice ("I never liked this aspect of the work," Piot writes).</p>
<p>They tested the blood, cell cultures, and mice over the next several days for known hemorrhagic diseases like yellow fever and Lassa fever, but antibodies for those diseases never turned up. Their boss, Stefaan Pattyn, looked into the epidemic itself, and found a village called Yambuku that seemed to be the origin.</p>
<p>The Flemish nun had died on September 30, and pieces of her liver were flown to Belgium on yet another passenger flight.</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right" style="width:400px"><div class="image"></div><p></p></div>Pattyn thought the virus must be a new rare hemorrhagic fever, a disease that causes the seemingly constant bleeding that accompanies some Ebola cases, and the sort of fever that the lab was not certified as safely equipped to handle - but they wanted to keep investigating anyway.</p>
<p>Piot says that at this point, he was "inflamed" with interest and "loved the detective thrill." His medical school advisor had told him to stay away from infectious diseases since "they've all been solved," a statement that, looking back on it, was quite naive.</p>
<p>This one hadn't been solved, and seemed like the chance to both discover something new and to save lives.</p>
<p>Piot still didn't know how incredibly deadly the virus is - that it was a hemmorhagic fever was strongly suspected but still not confirmed - but all evidence pointed to something grave. The World Health Organization ordered the samples shipped to one of the only labs equipped for hemorrhagic viruses, Porton Down in Britain, and from there they were sent to the CDC in Atlanta, considered the reference library for these types of diseases.</p>
<p>But despite the fact that they knew enough to know that the virus shouldn't stay in the Belgian lab, Pattyn kept a few samples. "By this point for him to keep us working on these samples was sheer folly," Piot writes. "He knew we were not equipped to do the work in safety."</p>
<p>Piot doesn't know why exactly - perhaps Pattyn was reluctant to send away what they'd been first to examine. "It was new, it was exciting - just too exciting to hand it over to the Brits or, in particular, to the Americans," he writes. They kept a few cell cultures and some newly-infected mice, Pattyn claiming they needed a few more days before they were ready for transport. And they kept examining them to see what they could find.</p>
<p>Before long, something went wrong. Pattyn, who was in charge but was a little clumsy in the lab itself, according to Piot, dropped an Ebola vial on the floor, where it shattered onto Delgadillo's shoes.</p>
<p>"Godverdomme," goddamn, said Pattyn. They disinfected the floor and removed the shoes.</p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container full"><div class="image"></div><p></p></div>Only then did Piot realize how dangerous their behavior might have been, the risks they were taking.</p>
<p>After the cells they'd kept were ready for analysis, the lab technicians took a sample and took pictures with an electron microscope. The virus was huge. Piot said they saw "very large, long, wormlike structures: nothing like yellow fever."</p>
<p>Pattyn realized that it looked like the longest known virus in existence, a rare lethal hemorrhagic fever called Marburg that had killed a number of lab workers in Germany nine years before, after they'd handled infected monkeys.</p>
<p>They finally realized their folly and sent the rest of the samples to the high-security CDC labs. If the virus was Marburg or something related, they knew that they lacked the equipment to study it.</p>
<p>And they started looking for money to go to Zaire and see the outbreak for themselves.</p>
<p>Confirmation soon arrived from the CDC that the virus was not Marburg, it was something new. This was the first time the world recognized the virus that came to be known and feared as Ebola. That 1976 Zaire outbreak gave the virus its name, and killed 88% of those infected, 280 people - the most of any outbreak until the current one.</p>

The 27-Year Old Who Co-Discovered Ebola Had No Idea What He Was Getting Himself Into

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/Kjell Gunnar Beraas, MSF</span></p><p class="caption">Healthcare workers from the Doctors Without Borders prepare isolation and treatment areas for their Ebola, hemorrhagic fever operations, in Gueckedou, Guinea. </p></div><p></p></div></div>An outbreak of the terrifying Ebola virus emerged in the West African nation of Guinea in February and has been spreading ever since, infecting people in Sierra Leonne and Liberia as well. It is now the biggest and deadliest outbreak of Ebola since the virus was identified in 1976.</p>
<p>The disease's spread seemed to slow down for a while, but has picked up in recent weeks. An <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/guinea/" target="_blank">estimated</a> 528 people have been infected, and 337 have died in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. While it's likely that many cases go uncounted, the Associated Press <a href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ebola-out-control-doctors-without-borders" target="_blank">notes</a> that previously, the largest reported death toll was in the Congo in 1976, when 280 people died. (The <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/ebola-outbreak-tip-iceberg-experts-say-n137081" target="_blank">most widespread outbreak</a> infected 425 people in Uganda in 2000, killing 224.)</p>
<p>"The epidemic is now in a second wave," Bart Janssens, the director of operations for Doctors Without Borders <a href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ebola-out-control-doctors-without-borders" target="_blank">told the Associated Press</a>. <strong>"It is totally out of control."</strong></p>
<p>The World Health Organization has planned a meeting between the three countries affected by this latest outbreak for <a href="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_06_18_ebola/en/" target="_blank">June 23</a>.</p>
<p>"There needs to be a real political commitment that this is a very big emergency," Janssens added. "Otherwise, it will continue to spread, and for sure it will spread to more countries."</p>
<p>This outbreak is unique because it has struck densely populated areas like Monrovia, the capital city of Liberia, and Conakry, the capital city of Guinea. Ebola usually emerges in sparsely populated rural regions, where fewer people pass through.</p>
<p>In <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/ebola-outbreak-tip-iceberg-experts-say-n137081" target="_blank">an interview with NBC News</a>, Robert Garry, a microbiology professor at the Tulane University School of Medicine, warned that <strong>the outbreak so far is just "the tip of the iceberg."</strong></p>
<p>Ebola is one of the deadliest viruses ever known, with the most fatal strains killing <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/" target="_blank">up to 90% of people infected</a>. The current strain is killing about 60% of people infected, NBC News <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/ebola-outbreak-tip-iceberg-experts-say-n137081" target="_blank">reports</a>.</p>
<p>Ebola begins as fever, weakness, muscle pain, headache, and sore throat, but soon progresses to vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and impaired organ function. A large proportion of those infected also bleed profusely, both internally and externally. It's considered highly contagious, though it isn't transmitted through the air - instead it's <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/31/health/the-ebola-outbreak/" target="_blank">spread by bodily fluids</a> like blood and saliva which can be very hard to avoid when someone is bleeding heavily from every orifice.</p>
<p>Ebola first emerged in humans in 1976, and there have been more than <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/" target="_blank">18 outbreaks since then</a>. There is currently no vaccine and no cure.</p>

Current Ebola Outbreak Is Now The Worst In History And 'Totally Out Of Control'

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>Reuters</span></p><p class="caption">Red Cross workers carry the body of a woman who died of the Ebola virus during a 1995 outbreak in the Congo.</p></div><p></p></div></div>Ebola is currently raging in West Africa, with at least 1,200 cases and about 672 deaths since the outbreak began in February, and controlling the disease's continued spread is the top goal of public health authorities.</p>
<p>The virus already made it to Lagos, Nigeria, a city of 21 million. So what are the chances it could leave the continent of Africa all together?</p>
<p>"The risk (of Ebola spreading to Europe or the United States) is not zero, but it is very small," Bruce Hirsch, an infectious diseases expert at North Shore University Hospital, <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/07/31/health-ebola-transport-idUSL6N0Q570N20140731" target="_blank">told Kate Kelland of Reuters</a>.</p>
<p>But as it turns out, Ebola already jumped from Africa to Europe once before - 20 years ago. Here's the story behind the strange case.</p>
<h2>It Started With A Dead Chimp</h2>
<p>In 1994, several chimpanzees were found dead and decomposing in Taï National Park, in the Côte d'Ivoire. On November 16 of that year, three researchers who had been studying the park's community of chimps wanted to figure out what was happening, so they dissected the body of one who had been dead for less than 12 hours.</p>
<p>And that's where the trouble started.</p>
<p>"They found signs of hemorrhage and non-clotting blood," a case report, published in the <a href="http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/179/Supplement_1/S48.long" target="_blank">Journal of Infectious Diseases</a>, explains. "Eight days later, 1 of the researchers, a 34-year-old woman, became ill."</p>
<p>The woman, a Swiss zoologist, started "shivering with fever," and thought she had come down with malaria. But malaria medication didn't help, and three days later, after no signs of improvement, she was driven to a city clinic more than 300 miles away.</p>
<p>She still had the chills; her head was throbbing; and her muscles were sore. But "physical examination of the abdomen, heart, lung, throat, and tongue was normal," and her condition was considered "satisfactory." Ebola hadn't emerged in Africa in 15 years, and never been detected in the region - and, in any case, doctors still suspected malaria.</p>
<p>But then two days later, five days after she first felt feverish, everything started falling apart.</p>
<p>She got diarrhea and started vomiting. She stopped eating, and soon after stopped urinating. A rash showed up on her shoulder, spread to her back, and then all over her body. She became confused, irritable, and anxious, and started forgetting things.</p>
<p>Doctors checked her for parasites and didn't find any. They rehydrated her and administered antibiotics. But her condition didn't improve.</p>
<p>That's when a dramatic decision was made: She would be flown out of the Côte d'Ivoire and back to Switzerland.</p>
<h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Hospital_of_Basel#mediaviewer/File:Universitaetsspital_Basel.JPG">Wladyslaw / Wikipedia</a></span></p><p class="caption">The University Hospital of Basel</p></div><p></p></div></div>Ebola Flew Swiss Air</h2>
<p>Nobody could be sure what was wrong with the woman, but they suspected it could be Lassa fever, a hemorrhagic fever similar to (though generally less deadly than) Ebola. The Swiss Air Ambulance jet that transported her took extensive precautions.</p>
<p>"During the flight," the case report notes, "the patient wore a mask, and the physician and nurse wore surgical masks, gloves, and gowns."</p>
<p>The plane finally landed in Switzerland, and the patient was swiftly transported to Basel, a Swiss city near the borders of France and Germany.</p>
<p>On the eighth day of the zoologist's illness, "tired but awake," she was admitted to the University Hospital of Basel, where doctors placed her in a tightly sealed isolation room. "All health care workers wore high-quality gloves, gowns, and dust-and-mist masks," the case report explains. Nobody was taking any chances.</p>
<p>Upon examination, doctors found her liver and spleen were "tender," but an abdominal ultrasound looked normal. Her medical team was unable to make a conclusive diagnosis, but considered all that "viral or bacterial infection of unknown origin, dengue fever, rickettsial disease, hantavirus infection, leptospirosis, typhoid fever, and malaria" were all strong possibilities.</p>
<p>According to the case report, "a form of hemorrhagic fever (Lassa fever or EBO virus [another name for Ebola]) was considered as unlikely."</p>
<p>Finally, on the ninth and tenth days of the illness, her fever subsided. The diarrhea stopped, and she began to eat normally. Her clothes were double-bagged and thrown away, and eventually the strict isolation rules were relaxed.</p>
<p>On day 15, she got to leave the hospital, 13 pounds lighter than when she first fell ill. She recovered completely in six weeks, though after about four weeks, her hair became brittle and fell out in large chunks - an after-effect that lasted for three months.</p>
<h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2006-12-09_Chipanzees_D_Bruyere.JPG">Wikimedia/Delphine Bruyere</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Back To The Monkeys</h2>
<p>Though the patient was better, doctors still hadn't figured out what had gone wrong in the first place. The best they could do was come up with a long list of possibilities.</p>
<p>To begin to untangle her mystery illness, researchers had to look back to where it started: Taï National Park in the Côte d'Ivoire.</p>
<p>In December 1994, they launched an epidemiological investigation to try to determine what had been killing the chimpanzees in the park - including the chimpanzee the zoologist had dissected. An analysis concluded that it was "a highly lethal epidemic with hemorrhagic syndrome," though the possibilities were still somewhat broad: "a viral infection of unknown origin, anthrax, dengue, and African hemorrhagic fevers" were all considered.</p>
<p>On December 14, serum samples from infected chimps and from the zoologist on day three of her illness were shipped to a specialized lab in Paris. Researchers isolated the virus from the patient's serum sample and found something surprising: <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673695909257" target="_blank">a novel version of the Ebola virus</a>, one that had never been seen before. They dubbed it the Côte d'Ivoire strain (EBO-CI), also called the <span>Taï Forest strain</span>.</p>
<p>What's more, they found the very same virus in the organs of the chimpanzees. Luckily for the zoologist, EBO-CI may have been less dangerous than the deadly Ebola Zaire virus that's infecting people now.</p>
<p>The <span>Taï Forest strain</span> has not been found in humans since her infection 20 years ago.</p>
<h2>Mystery Solved?</h2>
<p>While the researchers had figured out that Ebola was what had killed the chimps and sickened the zoologist, there were still some lingering questions.</p>
<p>How, exactly, did she become infected? Why was she infected but not the other two zoologists who had participated in the dissection? And - perhaps most importantly - had she spread the deadly disease to anyone else?</p>
<p>First, the investigators learned, all three zoologists had worn gloves but not masks or gowns when they dissected the dead chimp. And the zoologist who fell sick had made what might have been a critical error. While the other two zoologists wore latex examination gloves, she wore ordinary "household gloves."</p>
<p>"Therefore," the case report concludes, "it is highly probable that she became contaminated during the [dissection] by direct contact with chimpanzee blood on her hand or by projection of droplets onto her face."</p>
<p>The next step was tracking down anyone who had contact with the infected patient or with the virus. In Côte d'Ivoire, that included 18 people who had been with the patient face-to-face - including a man who had eaten from her plate and a woman who had comforted her - plus four laboratory technicians who had handled organs taken from the chimpanzee. In Switzerland, investigators interviewed 52 contacts, including eight family members and friends, four airplane crew members, and many staff members from the hospital and lab.</p>
<p>In the end, they tested serum samples from all 74 people who had been exposed. All were negative.</p>
<p>The virus had been contained.</p>
<h2><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image"><a title_source="AFP" title_caption="How Ebola affects the body" class="zoomin" href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/53d69015ecad049d5593ea6b-960/bsrdjrcicaa3pal.jpg"><span class="sprites click-to-enlarge-icon" title="Click to enlarge"></span></a><p class="source"><span>AFP</span></p><p class="caption">How Ebola affects the body</p></div><p></p></div></div>The Bottom Line</h2>
<p>Although the zoologist suffered tremendously during the course of her illness, everyone was very lucky. Doctors called her manifestation of the disease a "mild form" of Ebola, perhaps due to "the virus subtype, the mode of contamination, or the biologic response of the patient (or a combination of all three factors)."</p>
<p>And despite the dozens of people exposed, nobody else fell sick - even though, as investigators note in the case report, "containment measures were not always tight and there were no specific precautions taken during laboratory tests (blood specimens were not inactivated prior to analysis)."</p>
<p>While the outcome of the 1994 case may reinforce the idea that the chance of an Ebola outbreak in Europe or the United States is almost vanishingly small, the story should also serve as a cautionary tale: Just one patient can have far-reaching effects.</p>
<p>"Air travel allows viruses to travel from continent to continent within hours," the investigators caution. "The case presented herein highlights the threat of importation of a disease by a sporadic case."</p>

The Terrifying Story Of How Ebola Once Escaped Africa And Landed In Europe

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table full"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/Kjell Gunnar Beraas, MSF</span></p><p class="caption">Healthcare workers from the Doctors Without Borders prepare isolation and treatment areas for their Ebola, hemorrhagic fever operations, in Gueckedou, Guinea. </p></div><p></p></div></div></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">An outbreak of the terrifying Ebola virus emerged in the West African nation of Guinea in February and has been spreading ever since, infecting people in Sierra Leonne and Liberia as well. The World Health Organization announced new numbers on Tuesday, in what is now the biggest and deadliest outbreak of Ebola since the virus was identified in 1976.</span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">The disease's spread seemed to slow down for a while, but has picked up in recent weeks. An </span><a href="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_07_01_ebola/en/" target="_blank">estimated</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> 759 people have been infected, and 467 have died in Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia. While it's likely that many cases go uncounted, the Associated Press </span><a href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ebola-out-control-doctors-without-borders" target="_blank">notes</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> that previously, the largest reported death toll was in the Congo in 1976, when 280 people died. (The </span><a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/ebola-outbreak-tip-iceberg-experts-say-n137081" target="_blank">most widespread outbreak</a><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"> infected 425 people in Uganda in 2000, killing 224.)</span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Here are the latest numbers, from the World Health Organization:</span></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_07_01_ebola/en/">WHO</a></span></p></div><p></p></div><br /></span></p>
<p><a href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm63e0624a2.htm" target="_blank">Recent investigations</a> by public health authorities suggest that the virus actually may have first emerged undetected as early as December.</p>
<p>"The epidemic is now in a second wave," Bart Janssens, the director of operations for Doctors Without Borders <a href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/ebola-out-control-doctors-without-borders" target="_blank">told the Associated Press</a>. <strong>"It is totally out of control."</strong></p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">"There needs to be a real political commitment that this is a very big emergency," Janssens added. "Otherwise, it will continue to spread, and for sure it will spread to more countries."</span></p>
<p>This outbreak is unique because it has struck areas like <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27888363" target="_blank">Monrovia</a>, the capital of Liberia, and Conakry, the capital city of Guinea. Ebola usually emerges in sparsely populated rural regions, where fewer people pass through.</p>
<p>The WHO <a href="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_07_01_ebola/en/" target="_blank">identified</a> three major factors that are contributing to the continuing spread of Ebola:</p>
<ul>
<li><span>"Strong cultural practices and traditional beliefs" in rural areas mean that traditional funeral practices, fear, and misinformation make the outbreak difficult to contain.</span></li>
<li><span>The disease, historically a product of primarily rural areas, is now in densely populated cities.</span></li>
<li><span>Ebola has spread across the porous borders of Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, where, the WHO notes, "commercial and social activities continue."</span></li>
</ul>
<p>"Major challenges faced by all partners in the efforts to control the outbreak include its wide geographic spread, weak health-care infrastructures, and community mistrust and resistance," the CDC noted in <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm63e0624a2.htm" target="_blank">a recent update</a>.</p>
<p>In <a href="http://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/ebola-outbreak-tip-iceberg-experts-say-n137081" target="_blank">an interview with NBC News</a>, Robert Garry, a microbiology professor at the Tulane University School of Medicine, warned that <strong>the outbreak so far is just "the tip of the iceberg."</strong></p>
<p>Still, in its <a href="http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_07_01_ebola/en/" target="_blank">latest update</a>, the World Health Organization said it "does not recommend any travel or trade restrictions be applied to Guinea, Liberia, or Sierra Leone based on the current information available."</p>
<p>Ebola is one of the deadliest viruses ever known, with the most fatal strains killing <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/" target="_blank">up to 90% of people infected</a>. The <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm63e0624a2.htm" target="_blank">current strain</a> has killed closer to 60% of those infected, based on the numbers we have so far, which are likely to change over time.</p>
<p>Ebola begins as fever, weakness, muscle pain, headache, and sore throat, but soon progresses to vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and impaired organ function. A large proportion of those infected also bleed profusely, both internally and externally. It's considered highly contagious, though it isn't transmitted through the air - instead it's <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2012/07/31/health/the-ebola-outbreak/" target="_blank">spread by bodily fluids</a> like blood and saliva, which can be very hard to avoid when someone is bleeding heavily from every orifice.</p>
<p>Ebola first emerged in humans in 1976, and there have been more than <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/" target="_blank">18 outbreaks since then</a>. There is currently no vaccine and no cure.</p>

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