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A bartender at a high-end restaurant in south Brooklyn, Alessia Gonzalez doesn't feel free to speak her mind at work, at least on political issues. The neighborhood, Bay Ridge, is a Republican stronghold, and customers are often decked out in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-madison-square-garden-rally-overshadow-economy-puerto-rico-2024-10">MAGA</a> hats.Gonzalez, 27, says that if she were to discuss her political views, particularly her belief that Israel is committing genocide against Palestinians in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-says-killed-hamas-chief-yahya-sinwar-oct-7-mastermind-2024-10">Gaza</a>, she'd be judged by coworkers and customers or face even worse consequences. "I feel like I could be fired," she says.When politics comes up at work, Gonzalez stays mum. "I feel the need to sort of put on a mask and not necessarily agree with them or show them any kind of support, but at the same time not express my own opinion so that I don't make anyone uncomfortable or make anyone look at me differently," she says.Fernando, a 30-year-old from Colombia who works in advertising in New York, is far more <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/american-republicans-in-israel-mobilizing-expat-vote-for-trump-2024-10">supportive of Israel</a>, and he too withholds his views of the conflict around his coworkers. He worries that one colleague, who is outspoken in her opposition to Israel's treatment of Palestinians, would have more questions than he's willing or prepared to answer. "I don't say anything about it, because my thoughts are sometimes very opposite," says Fernando, who asked for partial anonymity to protect his relationships.Withholding one's real views, or what public-opinion researchers call "self-silencing," appears to be widespread in the US. As part of a <a target="_blank" href="https://populace.org/research">new study</a>, the think tank Populace and the research firm YouGov conducted a survey in the US in which 58% of respondents said they thought most people don't feel comfortable expressing their honest opinions about sensitive issues and 61% said that in the past year they themselves had "avoided saying things that they believe because others might find them offensive." The study, "Social Pressure Index: Private Opinion in America," of more than 19,000 respondents found evidence that a majority of all demographic groups — age, gender, race, income, and political party — had self-silenced in the past year."Social norms have made it costly to express views that one considers to be controversial, and therefore people withhold those views," says James Gibson, a professor of government at Washington University in St. Louis who's studied public opinion for more than 40 years and was not involved in Populace's study.Not everyone agrees that all private views, regardless of how objectionable they are, should be voiced in the public square or even at home. The old saying "no politics at the dinner table" seems to have existed since there have been politics to talk about at dinner tables. Pushing certain views that violate basic social norms out of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/discourse">discourse</a> can be a powerful form of accountability and a way to shape public debate for the better. But critics of self-censorship argue that when too many people aren't saying what they actually think, it inhibits the vigorous public debate necessary for a healthy society. "If people are self-censoring, deliberation is compromised and that's very, very damaging, in my view, to democracy," Gibson says. The study found that the more people self-silence, the less they trust other people.In the final sprint of another bilious and barbed US presidential election season, where the final polls show Vice President Kamala Harris and former President Donald Trump in a deadlock, it's clear the country is deeply divided. Public-opinion experts say polarization perpetuates self-censorship by creating an environment where the perceived costs of dissent are higher. "Your brain assumes the loudest voices repeated the most are the majority," said Todd Rose, the CEO of Populace and a former professor at Harvard's Graduate School of Education. People fear repercussions for expressing opinions that differ from what they perceive to be the majority viewpoint. In turn, dishonest public debate makes us believe that we're more divided than we really are."Self-silencing can lead to a lot more than just saying nothing," Rose said. "It can end up leading to this place where public consensus looks very different than private consensus."But the more we know about what we actually believe, the likelier we may be to meet in the middle.America seems to be suffering from what the German political scientist Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann coined in the 1970s as a "<a target="_blank" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228049403_The_Spiral_of_Silence_A_Theory_of_Public_Opinion">spiral of silence</a>." Noelle-Neumann argued that people are reluctant to share their opinions on controversial topics when they subconsciously perceive that the majority disagrees with them. As a result, majority views come to be seen as dominant over time, shrinking room for conversation and compromise.In reality, we very well might agree on a lot more than we admit to today. To try to measure people's private views, the Populace researchers used what's called the list-experiment method. This involved dividing respondents into two groups. One was presented a series of lists each containing three statements (e.g., "Class size significantly affects student achievement"). The other was presented with a series of identical lists but with a fourth statement added — these extra statements were the ones that the researchers were actually interested in testing (e.g., "I support school choice in public education"). For each list, respondents were asked how many of the statements they agreed with, an indirect line of questioning meant to encourage honest responses. The researchers could then compare the two groups' answers to estimate how many people actually agreed with the statements being tested. Finally, the researchers conducted a separate, "public" survey in which a different set of people were asked directly whether they agreed or disagreed with the statements being tested.Take abortion, as one example. Populace found that Protestant, Roman Catholic, Jewish, and Muslim respondents in the list experiment were all more likely than comparable respondents in the public survey to support the idea that "abortion should be legal in most cases." While just 39% of Protestants in the traditional survey agreed with that statement, Populace estimated that 54% agreed in the private structure. Among Muslims, the difference was 43% agreeing with the statement versus an estimated 66% who privately agreed. Overall, Populace found that 55% of respondents publicly said abortion should be legal in most cases, compared with 63% thought to have privately agreed. (Both figures were far higher than those in polling from <a target="_blank" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/05/PP_2024.5.13_abortion_TOPLINE.pdf">Pew</a> and <a target="_blank" href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/321143/americans-stand-abortion.aspx">Gallup</a>, which included question wording with a wider range of possible responses than the agree-disagree format of the Populace study.)Democrats and Republicans were also more privately aligned on the question of defunding the police. While 27% of Democratic respondents publicly agreed with the statement "I support defunding the police," just 3% privately supported the movement. At the same time, just 1% of Republicans privately supported it and 6% publicly supported it.The survey also found that Republicans and wealthier people were more likely to privately feel that society isn't fair than they publicly acknowledged. Rose posited that Democrats tend to be more publicly concerned with unfairness, particularly when it comes to marginalized groups. Republicans define themselves in opposition to that. That dynamic is on display in this election as, for example, former Trump attacks Harris for defending a federal law that permits government-funded gender-affirming healthcare for prisoners and migrants. But privately, they acknowledged that they agree. While 50% of Republicans publicly said "we live in a mostly fair society," just 11% privately agreed.Another thing liberals and conservatives might secretly agree on: that they don't trust the government, at all. Democrats were far more likely to differ in their private and public responses on this: While 36% publicly agreed with the statement "In general, I trust the government to tell me the truth," just 5% were estimated to have privately agreed. Similarly, 2% of Republicans were thought to privately trust the government to tell the truth, while 14% said so publicly. Other surveys have <a target="_blank" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2015/11/23/1-trust-in-government-1958-2015/">similarly found</a> historically low levels of trust in major institutions like the government and the media across the political spectrum.Rose is particularly concerned about low levels of trust — of the government, the media, and other people. A lack of social trust causes people to resent each other, look for scapegoats, and become susceptible to demagoguery, he said. "By almost any measure, social trust is a phenomenal predictor of the health and vibrancy of democracies," Rose says.Not everyone is convinced that American society is suffering from a complete breakdown in societal trust. Gibson argues the long-established survey measure of whether we trust each other — agreement with the statement that "in general, most people can be trusted" — is too vague to be accurate. "You've got to build in some context to let people know what the question is. You can't allow their imagination just to go crazy."Overall, certain groups — including Gen Zers, political independents, and college graduates — were more likely to produce dramatically different results in the public and private surveys, Populace found. Gibson speculated that this might be because these groups tend to be more aware of social norms, and sensitive to the costs of violating them.Gen Zers, 72% of whom said they had self-silenced in the past year, might be influenced by their heavy use of social media, which "makes it very easy to manufacture false consensus," Rose argues. They also have a particularly keen awareness of being harassed or canceled for voicing unpopular opinions. For wealthier and more-educated people, the costs of offending customers, an audience, a fellow country-club member, or a business partner might be higher. "In a society where reputation matters a lot, in an attention economy, there's actually a lot more incentive to hold views that are consistent with what you think people want to hear," Rose says. The risks of social ostracism might not be as acute for lower-income people and those with less education, as they're often already socially and economically excluded. And ironically, the Silent Generation (born from 1928 to 1945) reported self-silencing the least.Engaging in public debate or even just a dinner-table discussion can be contentious and uncomfortable. But Rose and Gibson argue that the only way to build a less polarized and self-censoring society is through hard conversations."As we start to find the moral courage to be honest with each other, respectfully," Rose says, "I think you're going to see the revealing of a common ground that we can start to anchor in and start to try to solve some of the real problems we face as a country."That revelation, however, will have to wait until after Election Day.<a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/eliza-relman">Eliza Relman</a> is a policy correspondent focused on housing, transportation, and infrastructure on Insider's economy team.

A new study shows that Americans secretly agree on more than they admit

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A video of a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-truck-cybertruck">Cybertruck</a> failing to climb a lightly snowy hill went viral.</li><li>The truck appears to be a prototype, and it looks as if there was a software malfunction.</li></ul>I have watched the video of a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/video-cybertruck-towed-ford-after-stuck-off-roading-tesla-musk-2023-12">Tesla Cybertruck failing to climb a hill</a> more times than I should probably admit.The obvious takeaway some people had was: "LOL the Cybertruck sucks." (I'll get into the veracity of this in a moment.)This isn't just a clip of a car — there's a whole storyline here. There's character- and world-building. This is cinema. First of all, the most noticeable thing is that the Cybertruck is carrying a Christmas tree in its bed. (You can get a permit to chop down a Christmas tree in the Stanislaus National Forest in Northern California, where this video was apparently shot. But the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.recreation.gov/tree-permits/TP2648">tree-permit rules</a> say that cars have to stay on the roads. So this means the Cybertruck driver could very well have been breaking the rules by going off-road here.)Then, there's the Ford truck that comes in to help tow the Cybertruck out of the muck. Is it a friend who came along? A stranger who heroically happened to come by and offer a tow?There are two women or girls in the background and a small child who's on the ground making a snow angel out of boredom — it's unclear which vehicle they're from, if any.One thing we do know is that it's not a plant by Ford. (<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ford-ceo-says-video-cybertruck-stuck-towed-not-paid-advertisement-2023-12">Ford's CEO said towing the Cybertruck</a> wasn't a stunt to advertise his trucks.)But the central question — does the Cybertruck suck? — is more complicated. Here's what we know:<ul><li>The information is all thirdhand. The Instagram poster wasn't there; his friends who were on the scene sent him the video. He's relaying the information he heard from them,</li><li>The driver apparently said he worked for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tesla">Tesla</a>.</li><li>The "RC" on the side of the truck appears to indicate it's a prototype — potentially an early or incomplete model.</li><li>The vehicle had to be pulled out using its suspension and didn't have any towing points or hitches on its body, apparently — another sign it was a prototype.</li><li>It seems that there was a software malfunction that caused the all-wheel drive to malfunction.</li><li>The driver —either by accident or for testing purposes — wasn't using the right kind of tires for snow, it seems.</li><li>The tires weren't aired down for better traction.</li><li>The driver wasn't really rocking the vehicle back and forth the way an experienced snow driver might.</li><li>In other words, we might just be dealing with a bad driver.</li></ul>So does the Cybertruck suck at climbing out of snow? Unclear. (Tesla didn't respond to a request for comment from Business Insider.)But what we do know is that one Tesla driver is going home with a beautiful Christmas tree — and one Ford owner is going home with a great story to tell.

I've been studying the Cybertruck-stuck-in-snow video like the Zapruder film &mdash; and I still have no idea exactly what's going on

The <keyword id="682334" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Drugs-Controller-General-of-India" source="Orion">Drugs Controller General of India</keyword> (DCGI) has granted permission for the conducting of the Phase III bridging trials of Sputnik Light on the Indian population. The Sputnik Light is a single-dose <keyword id="8904563" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="COVID-19-vaccine" source="Orion">Covid-19 vaccine</keyword> of the <keyword id="9340724" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Russian-vaccine" source="Orion">Russian vaccine</keyword> Sputnik. The nod comes after a recent study published in the medical journal The Lancet said that Sputnik Light showed 78.6 to 83.7 per cent efficacy against Covid-19, significantly higher than most two-shot vaccines. The Subject Expert Committee of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) in July had refused to grant emergency-use authorisation to Sputnik-Light, ruling out the need for the conduct of the <keyword id="9915130" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="phase-III-trial" source="Orion">phase III trial</keyword> of the Russian vaccine in the country. The committee had noted that Sputnik Light was the same as component-1 of <keyword id="9739267" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sputnik-V" source="Orion">Sputnik V</keyword> and its safety and immunogenicity data in the Indian population was already generated in a trial. The study was conducted on at least 40,000 elderly people in Argentina. Sputnik Light also reduced hospitalizations among the target population at 82.1-87.6 per cent, the study said. The Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) last year partnered with Dr Reddy's Laboratories to conduct the phase III trials of Sputnik V vaccine in India. In April, Sputnik V received an emergency use authorisation in India. Reddy's administered the first dose of the vaccine in Hyderabad under a limited pilot on May 14. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/ios-15-will-be-released-for-all-compatible-iphones-on-september-20/articleshow/86223330.cms">Everything you need to know about iOS 15: Release date, new features, supported devices</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/analysts-recommend-buying-zee-entertainment-on-end-to-concerns-over-corporate-governance/articleshow/86222841.cms">Zee Entertainment good to buy as concerns over corporate governance will be put to bed after management change, say analysts</a>

DCGI permits to conduct the third phase trials of Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine in India

<ul><li>Indians were the top immigrant group to take up residence in <keyword id="6356687" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="canada" source="Orion">Canada</keyword> this year (January to March).</li><li>The country also plans to welcome over 4,32,000 new immigrants this year, as per an Economic Times report.</li><li>The <keyword id="151242" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Canadian-government" source="Orion">Canadian government</keyword> announced on April 22 that Express Entry draws will soon resume and applications for candidates to apply for permanent residents will begin early July.</li></ul>Canada is one of the most popular choices among Indians to either work or for higher education. According to the figures of the first quarter, which was released earlier in April by the Canadian government, Indians were the top immigrant group to take-up residence in Canada this year (January to March). In the first three months of this year itself, the country had welcomed 1,08,000 migrants including Indians. In 2021, nearly 100,000 Indians became permanent residents of Canada as the country admitted a record 405,000 new immigrants in its history so far. The country also plans to welcome over 4,32,000 new immigrants this year, <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/migrate/indians-top-as-canada-admits-108000-new-immigrants-in-the-first-quarter/articleshow/90587538.cms?from=mdr">as per</a> an Economic Times report. To hit its target number, the country announced on April 22 that Express Entry draws will soon resume and applications for candidates to apply for permanent residents will begin early July. Express Entry is a programme for permanent immigration for <keyword id="7701922" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Canadian-Experience-Class" source="Orion">Canadian Experience Class</keyword> (CEC), <keyword id="1040205" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Federal-Skilled-Worker-Program" source="Orion">Federal Skilled Worker Program</keyword> (FSWP), and <keyword id="10218776" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Federal-Skilled-Trades-Program" source="Orion">Federal Skilled Trades Program</keyword> (FSTP). Eligibility for CEC — Skilled workers with 3 years of Canadian work experience before applying for Express Entry. Eligibility for FSWP — Skilled workers with foreign work experience must meet education and other criterias. Eligibility for FSTP — Skilled workers who are qualified in a skilled trade and must have a valid job offer or a certificate of qualification. Canada has rolled out new policies to address the labour shortage in the country.“ As Canada continues to recover from the pandemic, employers are actively looking to fill hundreds of thousands of vacant positions in all sectors across the country. Immigration is more important than ever to fuel Canada’s economy, as our strong economic growth is now outpacing our ability to find and keep workers,” said the press release rolled out by the government of Canada. International immigrants whose stay visa is soon to expire can stay a little longer through this new temporary policy. <keyword id="5792642" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="sean-fraser" source="Orion">Sean Fraser</keyword>, Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship said in the release, “ A new temporary policy that will give recent international graduates with expiring temporary status an opportunity to stay in Canada longer, so that they can continue to gain work experience and have a better chance at qualifying for permanent residency.” He further said, “Starting in summer 2022, former international students who are in Canada and have a post-graduation work permit expiring between January and December 2022 will qualify for an additional open work permit of up to 18 months. We are exploring a simplified, expeditious process for this, and details will be made available in the weeks ahead.” The Federal High Skilled processing inventory has been cut in half, decreasing from 119,000 people in September 2021 to just 48,000 people in March 2022, said Fraser. According to the ET report, over 95,000 post-graduation work permits (PGWPs) are going to expire in 2022 and around 50,000 of them could enjoy the benefits of this new open work permit. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Getting a permanent residence is easier now" comment="subhead" text="Getting a permanent residence is easier now">Getting a permanent residence is easier now</cmsannotation> In order to attract more foreign immigrants to fill up the job vacancies in Canada, the country has doubled the number of permanent residence decisions made in the first quarter of 2022, compared to the same time period in 2021. “ From January 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022, we have made over 156,000 final decisions on permanent residence applications and, through these efforts, Canada welcomed over 113,000 new permanent residents in the first quarter of 2022,” revealed the release. Canada also rolled out a ‘limited-time pathway’ programme for temporary residents to apply for permanent residence in 2021. Currently, new applications are closed for now and the processing of the applications that came in 2021 is going-on for now. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/swiggy-to-upskill-delivery-boys-to-become-company-employees/articleshow/91069593.cms">Swiggy to upskill delivery boys to become company employees</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/top-universities-producing-the-most-number-of-ceos-guess-which-indian-institute-is-included-in-the-list/slidelist/91066313.cms">top universities producing the most number of CEOs — guess which Indian institute is included in the list</a>

Planning to study in or migrate to Canada? Know about the new immigration policies announced by the country

New Delhi, The <keyword id="6354977" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Supreme-Court">Supreme Court</keyword> has upheld the <keyword id="2687455" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="AYUSH-Ministry">Ayush Ministry</keyword>'s advisory to permit use of homoeopathy medicines as add-ons to standard care in Covid-19 treatment, <keyword id="6354721" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="parliament">Parliament</keyword> was told on Friday. In a written reply in the Lok Sabha, Youth Affairs and Sports Minister <keyword id="638723" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kiren-Rijiju">Kiren Rijiju</keyword>, who holds additional charge of the <keyword id="6371607" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="ayush">Ayush</keyword> Ministry, said that while homoeopathy treatment is not to be given in standalone mode for Covid-19 treatment, <keyword id="10752099" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="ayush-interventions">Ayush interventions</keyword>, including homoeopathy, as add-on to standard care are allowed. He also said that the Ayush Ministry has taken many steps with the help of other systems of medicine, including homeopathy, for Covid-19-related treatment. The Minister also cited the Ministry's letter dated March 6, 2020 to all Chief Secretaries of states and <keyword id="390245" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-Territories">Union Territories</keyword>, conveying specific suggestions on augmentation of general immunity of people and about possible Ayush interventions. He also mentioned the self-care guidelines issued by the Ministry on March 31, 2020 for preventive health measures and enhancing immunity with special reference to respiratory health. Further, the Ayush Ministry, through various research organisations and National Institutes under it, has conducted 105 <keyword id="10752098" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="interdisciplinary-clinical-studies">interdisciplinary clinical studies</keyword> (including 20 studies of homoeopathy) at 136 centres in the country. Clinical research studies are conducted on Ayush interventions as prophylactic interventions in high risk population targeting approximately five lakhs population and as an add-on to standard care to Covid-19 management. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/ecommerce/news/why-grofers-may-allow-an-american-blank-cheque-firm-to-buy-it-out-instead-of-fighting-ambani-and-bigbasket-for-ipo/articleshow/80874979.cms">Here’s why Grofers may allow an American “blank cheque” firm to buy it out instead of fighting Ambani and BigBasket for IPO</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/spicejet-and-indigo-stocks-take-off-as-a-2-hour-flight-could-now-cost-up-to-13000/articleshow/80873865.cms">SpiceJet and IndiGo stocks take off as a 2-hour flight could now cost up to ₹13,000</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/centre-earned-100-crores-by-sharing-vehicle-registration-data-with-companies-such-as-bmw-axis-bank-bajaj-allianz-lt-and-others/articleshow/80879638.cms">Centre earned ₹100 crores by sharing vehicle registration data with companies such as BMW, Axis Bank, Bajaj Allianz, L&amp;T and others</a>

Homoeopathy medicines add-ons allowed in COVID-19 treatment, says Youth Affairs and Sports Minister

<ul><li>A new policy announcement by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) says foreign students in the US will be forced to leave the country or transfer to another college if their universities offer only online classes this Fall.</li><li>ICE is now turning the screws on universities to re-open despite the coronavirus roaring back across 40 of 50 states.</li><li>The Trump administration says it had allowed only a "temporary exemption" for online courses limited to the spring and summer semesters.</li></ul>International students in the US are panicking and universities are scrambling to make sense of a new policy announcement by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) that says foreign students in the US will be forced to leave the country or transfer to another college if their universities offer only online classes this Fall. "Nonimmigrant F-1 and M-1 students attending schools operating entirely online may not take a full online course load and remain in the United States", the first line of the July 6 statement says. Officials in the International Students Office at the University of Southern California told IANS they are still "analysing the new information" and swamped by a flood of enquiries from worried students. According to immigration attorney Cyrus Mehta, the latest one pager policy announcement means three things: Students enrolled in US universities that are moving to an online-only education model will be barred from getting F-1 visas, they will be stopped from entering the US on F-1 visas and not allowed to maintain F-1 status in the Fall semester. ICE is now turning the screws on universities to re-open despite the coronavirus roaring back across 40 of 50 states. "So Trump is forcing foreign students to study in unsafe conditions during Covid-19", Mehta tweeted. Fall 2020 semester begins early September in the US, immediately after Labor Day weekend. By that time, America's death toll is projected to have crossed the grim milestone of 170,000, according to at least a couple of predictive models. The new policy incentivises in-person classes during the ongoing pandemic which has already killed 130,000 Americans. The ICE announcement comes amidst heated debate across the country on what the coming Fall school session is going to look like. A vaccine against the coronavirus will not be available until at least year end or later. The announcement leaves the door open for "hybrid" models of online plus in-person classes as a way for students to remain in the US. It says, "Nonimmigrant F-1 students attending schools adopting a hybrid model, that is, a mixture of online and in person classes, will be allowed to take more than one class or three credit hours online." Andrew Ng, co-founder of Coursera and a Stanford computer science faculty member described this latest development as a "lose-lose" situation for both students and universities. In a tweet, Ng termed the policy as a "horrible" one which will hurt the US, students and universities. "Pushes universities to offer in-person classes even if unsafe or no pedagogical benefit, or students to leave US amidst pandemic and risk inability to return," Ng tweeted. "Most of my current PhD students are international. This is an unnecessary crisis" tweeted Paula Kagan, Professor at DePaul College of Science and Health. The language of the ICE statement terms the new rules as "modifications to temporary exemptions for nonimmigrant students taking online classes due to the pandemic for the fall 2020 semester." "The US Department of State will not issue visas to students enrolled in schools and/or programs that are fully online for the fall semester nor will US Customs and Border Protection permit these students to enter the United States. Active students currently in the United States enrolled in such programs must depart the country or take other measures, such as transferring to a school with in-person instruction to remain in lawful status. If not, they may face immigration consequences including, but not limited to, the initiation of removal proceedings." The Trump administration says it had allowed only a "temporary exemption" for online courses limited to the spring and summer semesters. The ICE announcement comes at a time when the US leads the world in coronavirus caseload. Covid-19 has sickened more than 2.9 million Americans and killed more than 130,000 till date. According to US Department of Commerce 2018 data, the student population contributed $45 billion to the US economy. Nearly 390,000 foreigners received student visas in Fiscal Year 2019, according to publicly available US government data. F-1 students pursue academic coursework and M-1 nonimmigrant students attend vocational courses in the United States.

Trump's new visa policy leaves foreign students enrolled online in a lurch —  take transfer or leave US

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A study by UPenn and NYU researchers found <keyword id="36219" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</keyword> <keyword id="6374217" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Landlords">landlords</keyword> are adding "bad" terms into leases.</li><li>One big reason is the rise of shared leases, available cheaply on the Internet for landlords to use.</li><li>One of the coauthors says landlords will use these illegal terms as soon as moratoriums expire.</li></ul>A <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3786326">new study</a> took a deep dive into about 170,000 Philadelphia leases from 2005 to 2019 - and found that the number of "bad" terms in them has increased "sharply" over the past 20 years.Authors David A. Hoffman and Anton Strezhnev, of University of Pennsylvania and New York University respectively, found that "unlawful terms are surprisingly likely to be associated with more expensive leaseholds in richer, whiter parts of the city. But Black tenants are "more susceptible to <keyword id="6356416" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="eviction">eviction</keyword> based on based on crime or drug use on the premises, an effect concentrated in whiter neighborhoods." They find that while landlords don't tailor their leases for tenants, they do sometimes specialize based on race. The result is that Black "tenants living in white neighborhoods are more likely (than white tenants) to be asked to sign leases that permit landlords to evict them if anyone uses drugs on the premises or commits a crime.""These leases make it easier for landlords to evict tenants on any number of grounds, from depriving them of statutorily created notice periods, to increasing the fees that tenants owe in eviction court," Hoffman, one of the study's authors, said in an email to Insider.Hoffman, a <a href="https://www.law.upenn.edu/cf/faculty/dhoffma1/">scholar of contract law</a>, said he thinks these terms will be exploited as soon as pandemic-era moratoriums on eviction expire. "When the moratoriums expire, landlords will use the legal tools they have shaped, as quickly as they can."<h2>What's in these leases, and where they came from</h2>So why are leases now increasingly containing a "pro-<keyword id="6371484" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="landlord">landlord</keyword> tilt?" It has to do with cheap forms on the Internet, the coauthors said. Specifically, more landlords are using shared leases that originated with nonprofit landlord associations and are now available cheaply - and widely - online.Shared leases have seen a marked increase over time. The study finds that, from 2000 to 2019, their prevalence rose from 34% to over 43%. The study homes in on three particular provisions that have been popping up. These "unenforceable" clauses include not having landlords liable for negligence; "as-is" clauses, meaning tenants must accept rentals "as-is"; and "holdover tenant penalty clauses," where tenants who don't leave by the end of the <keyword id="6356112" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="lease">lease</keyword> can be charged more.In the case of the holdover tenant clause, the study notes a "sharp increase in prevalence" post-2010, "driven almost by changes within shared leases." Specifically, it popped up in the 2013 edition of the Pennsylvania Association of Realtors Residential Lease.And, broadly, those shared forms that are growing in popularity "have worse provisions than those that are declining" - meaning more unenforceable terms will become even more prevalent. The study says that advocates should target their reforms towards shared leases' purveyors.<h2>The research comes amidst eviction moratoriums as many fall behind on their rents</h2>Millions of Americans have also seen their circumstances change throughout the coronavirus pandemic, and are behind on rent. In December, almost 6 million Americans were threatened by eviction and foreclosure. As Insider's Taylor Borden <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/millions-of-americans-face-eviction-foreclosure-in-early-2021-2020-12">reported</a>, that's roughly equivalent to the entire population of Singapore.When he took office, President Joe Biden extended eviction moratoriums through the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-extends-eviction-moratorium-as-effort-to-provide-pandemic-relief-2021-1">end of March</a>. Relief measures in the newly passed and signed American Rescue Plan will also help prevent millions of <keyword id="2602571" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="evictions">evictions</keyword>, according to the <a href="https://www.cbpp.org/research/housing/housing-assistance-in-american-rescue-plan-act-will-prevent-millions-of-evictions">Center on Budget and Policy Priorities</a>.On Thursday, Rep. Ilhan Omar of Minnesota introduced the <a href="https://omar.house.gov/sites/omar.house.gov/files/OMARMN_003_xml.pdf">Rent and Mortgage Cancellation Act</a>. As Insider's Ayelet Sheffey <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ilhan-omar-democrats-cancel-rent-mortgage-payments-length-covid-pandemic-2021-3">reported</a>, the act would cancel rent and mortgage payments throughout the pandemic. Omar said that, on average, 12 million Americans owe $6,000 in back-rent.But when evictions do begin again, the leases the study focused on might come into play. So even if rent gets canceled somehow, tenants may still be vulnerable.

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