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A parliamentary proposal on August 5, 2019 to bifurcate the State of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories (UT) saw the total number of states and union territories in the country increase to 36. This figure consist of 29 states and 7 union territories. In terms of governance, structure and function, states and union territories are significantly different from each other. Article 1 of the Indian constitution defines India as a Union of States and not as a federation of states. The term union of states. India, the largest democracy of the world is a federal country where the ruling powers are distributed among the state and the central governments. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="What are the Union Territories?" comment="subhead" text="What are the Union Territories?">What are the Union Territories?</cmsannotation> Unlike the states of India, which have their own governments, Union Territories (UTs) are the federal territories, administered by the union government of India. In UTs, the central government appoints the Lieutenant Governor, who is the administrator and the representative of the President of India. However, as an exception, Puducherry and Delhi have an elected legislature and government, as they were granted partial statehood, under the special Constitutional amendment. Currently, India has eight Union Territories including, Delhi, Andaman and Nicobar, Chandigarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Lakshadweep, and Puducherry. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Let us find out more about the difference between a state and a union territory." comment="subhead" text="Let us find out more about the difference between a state and a union territory.">Let us find out more about the difference between a state and a union territory.</cmsannotation> <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;" class="redcator-table-advance"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-width: 1pt; border-style: solid; border-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> State </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top: 1pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Union territory </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> A state is a constituent division that has a separate government. States have their own elected government that are vested with the powers to frame the laws. </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> An union territory is a small administrative unit that is ruled by the union. The union territories are administered and controlled directly by the Central Government of India. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> States enjoy a federal relationship with the central government. The legislative and executive powers are distributed </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Union territories has unitary relationship with the central government which means all the legislative and executive powers rest with the Union. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Governor is the constitutional head of the state. </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> The president of India is the executive head of the union territory. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> The chief minister duly elected by the people administers the state. </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Union territory is appointed by an administrator who is appointed by the president. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> States are much larger in size than the union territories. </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Union territories are much smaller in size when compared to the states. </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> States have autonomous powers. </td> <td style="width: 233.75pt; border-top-width: initial; border-style: none solid solid none; border-left-width: initial; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;"> Union territories do not have autonomous powers. </td> </tr> </tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody><tbody></tbody></table> <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Two types of Union Territories in India" comment="subhead" text="Two types of Union Territories in India">Two types of Union Territories in India</cmsannotation> In India, there are two types of union territories namely union territory with legislature and union territory without legislature. The two union territories with the legislature are Delhi and Puducherry. This type of union territory has an elected legislature and government. The other union territories are directly controlled by the central government. The union territories have no separate representation in the Rajya Sabha except in cases of Delhi and Puducherry where the union territories have their own independent legislature. After the bifurcation, Jammu and Kashmir resemble the category of Delhi and Puducherry. The special provision granted for Jammu and Kashmir will mean that the administrative powers are distributed between the governor and the chief minister. The education and municipal operations of these union territories come under the purview of the legislative assembly while aspects like security and others are managed by the central government as per the advice of the Lieutenant Governor. Since they enjoy a partial statehood like status and they have their own legislative assemblies, union territories like Delhi, Puducherry and Jammu and Kashmir do not operate in the same way as the other four union territories in India do. See Also - <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/the-inspiring-legacy-of-srinivasa-ramanujan-and-his-contribution-to-mathematics/articleshow/79835583.cms">Srinivasa Ramanujan and his contribution in Mathematics</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/article/all-you-need-to-know-about-rti-act/articleshow/72053630.cms">All you need to know about RTI Act</a>

What is union territory and how it's different from state

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The <keyword id="6354977" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Supreme-Court">Supreme Court</keyword> ruled in a 5-4 Thursday decision that a large portion of Eastern Oklahoma must be considered Native American tribal territory under the Major Crimes Act. </li><li>In the case, McGirt vs. Oklahoma, <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/oklahomas-suspect-argument-front-supreme-court/611284/">the Court was tasked with resolving</a> whether the state of Oklahoma has the standing to prosecute crimes that take place on lands Congress designated to be "Indian Country." </li><li>Under the parameters of the Major Crimes Act, only tribal authorities and the federal government – not state-level authorities — can prosecute crimes committed on Native American reservations. </li></ul>The US Supreme Court <a href="https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/18-9526_9okb.pdf">ruled in a 5-4 decision on Thursday</a> that a large portion of Eastern Oklahoma must be considered Native American tribal territory under the Major Crimes Act, meaning all criminal cases in that jurisdiction must be prosecuted by federal authorities. Justice Neil Gorsuch wrote the majority opinion, joined by Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan. Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Clarence Thomas, Brett Kavanaugh, Samuel Alito, and Clarence Thomas dissenting. In the case, McGirt vs. Oklahoma, <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/oklahomas-suspect-argument-front-supreme-court/611284/">the Court was tasked with resolving</a> whether the state of Oklahoma has the standing to prosecute crimes that take place on lands Congress had previously designated to be "Indian Country." The relevant land includes 18 million acres in Eastern Oklahoma, including the city of Tulsa, and is home to 1.8 million residents. In 1866, the US Congress enacted a law establishing a large portion of Eastern Oklahoma as Native American territory belonging to the Cherokee, Muscogee, or Creek, Chickasaw, Choctaw, and Seminole tribes. The plaintiff in the case, Jimmy McGirt, is a member of the Seminole Nation who was convicted under Oklahoma state law of sexual offenses against a minor in 1996, crimes committee on Creek Nation territory. He challenged his conviction in court as being invalid under the Major Crimes Act.Under the Act, only the federal government and tribal authorities, not individual states, can prosecute crimes committed by Native Americans on federally-designated Native American reservations and land. His attorneys argued in court that since Congress did not formally disestablish the reservation that Congress established, the state of Oklahoma does not have jurisdiction to prosecute or try McGirt under state law, and McGirt must be retried in federal court. The state of Oklahoma, however, argued that the tribal lands that Congress designated as Indian Country in 1866 were, in fact, dis-established with the 1906 Oklahoma Enabling Act, in which Congress allowed all of Oklahoma to be admitted to the union as one state. Gorsuch and the court's liberals sided with McGirt in ruling that since Congress never properly dis-established the sovereignty of the Creek Nation, the land qualifies as Indian Country and the relevant portions of the Major Crimes Act apply. "The federal government promised the Creek a reservation in perpetuity. Over time, Congress has diminished that reservation. It has sometimes restricted and other times expanded the Tribe's authority. But Congress has never withdrawn the promised reservation," Gorsuch wrote in his opinion.He added: "If Congress wishes to withdraw its promises, it must say so. Unlawful acts, performed long enough and with sufficient vigor, are never enough to amend the law."In 2018, The Court also heard arguments in a similar case over the status of Eastern Oklahoma, Sharp v. Murphy. In that case, a member of the Creek Nation, Patrick Murphy, argued that his 2000 murder conviction and death sentence in a state court was invalid because the crime took place within Muscogee Nation territory. Gorsuch, who had ruled on Murphy's case as a judge on the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals, recused himself from arguments in the Murphy case, and the 8-justice court hearing arguments <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/11/us/supreme-court-oklahoma-indian-reservation.html">appeared to be deadlocked.</a>

Supreme Court rules that a large portion of Eastern Oklahoma is Native American territory

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What is union territory and how it's different from state

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Supreme Court rules that a large portion of Eastern Oklahoma is Native American territory

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