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From launch vehicles to <keyword id="41531" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="space" source="Orion">space</keyword> tourism, India's space sector start-ups are set to soar after <keyword id="7537495" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="skyroot-aerospace" source="Orion">Skyroot Aerospace</keyword>'s maiden suborbital flight from the spaceport at Sriharikota on Friday. The Vikram-S rocket, developed over the past two years and built using 3-D printing technology, reached an altitude of 89.5 km. Chennai-based <keyword id="7122982" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="agnikul-cosmos" source="Orion">Agnikul Cosmos</keyword> is set to test its Agnibaan-1 in a suborbital flight sometime next month. "We plan to have the first launch of Agnibaan before the end of this year," Srinath Ravichandra, co-founder of Agnikul, told PTI. Earlier this month, Agnikul received a flight termination system from the <keyword id="119061" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organization" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organization</keyword>, the first-ever such transfer for a launch vehicle developed by the private sector. As <keyword id="9750118" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="skyroot" source="Orion">Skyroot</keyword> and Agnikul focus on launching payloads in <keyword id="13468573" type="DOMAIN" weightage="20" keywordseo="orbit" botkeyword="" source="ET" sourcekeytype="COMPANY" meta.keywordsubtype="EQ" meta.aliasname="orbit" meta.entityname="Orbit Multimedia Ltd." meta.entityid="5254" meta.seoname="orbit-multimedia-ltd">orbit</keyword>, <keyword id="15447669" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="space-aura-aerospace-technology-pvt-ltd" source="Orion">Space Aura Aerospace Technology Pvt Ltd</keyword> and <keyword id="15554246" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="astroborne-space" source="Orion">Astroborne Space</keyword> and <keyword id="222040" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="defence-technologies" source="Orion">Defence Technologies</keyword> are planning forays into space tourism and the development of crew modules and space suits, respectively. "We plan to set up India's first private astronaut training facility soon," Akshat <keyword id="13896424" type="DOMAIN" weightage="20" keywordseo="mohite" botkeyword="" source="ET" sourcekeytype="COMPANY" meta.keywordsubtype="EQ" meta.aliasname="mohite" meta.entityname="Mohite Industries Ltd." meta.entityid="5048" meta.seoname="mohite-industries-ltd">Mohite</keyword>, co-founder and CEO of Astroborne Space and Defence Technologies said. "The maiden launch by a new start-up has significantly enhanced the credibility of Indian private space players around the globe. The capability that the sector has been claiming has been demonstrated in Space," <keyword id="12263484" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-association" source="Orion">Indian Space Association</keyword> Director-General Lt Gen AK Bhatt told PTI. Bhatt said India's space economy was set to grow to USD 13 billion and the space launch segment was estimated to grow the fastest by 2025. It will be further spurred by growing private participation, the latest technology adoption and the low cost of launch services and this launch is a major landmark for this growth to take place in the coming years, he said. Inspired by Elon Musk's SpaceX, Mumbai-based Space Aura has begun developing a space capsule measuring 10 feet x 8 feet to ferry six tourists and a pilot into space. Space Aura CEO Akash <keyword id="1473207" type="DOMAIN" weightage="20" keywordseo="porwal" botkeyword="" source="ET" sourcekeytype="COMPANY" meta.keywordsubtype="EQ" meta.aliasname="porwal" meta.entityname="Porwal Auto Components Ltd." meta.entityid="10373" meta.seoname="porwal-auto-components-ltd">Porwal</keyword> said he planned to have the maiden launch of the space capsule using a high-altitude balloon by 2025. The space capsule will be propelled by a balloon filled with helium or hydrogen gas up to 30 to 35 km above sea level where space tourists can witness the Earth's curvature and the blackness of space for around an hour, Porwal said. The space balloon will be slowly deflated and a parachute unpacked to bring down the spaceship. At a definite point, the space balloon will be detached from the capsule and the tourists brought down safely. Porwal said his company had identified two places in Karnataka and <keyword id="6355554" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="madhya-pradesh" source="Orion">Madhya Pradesh</keyword> from where the flight into space could be launched. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/vikram-s-marks-the-beginning-of-private-venture-in-indian-space-programme-with-maiden-success/articleshow/95598949.cms">Vikram-S marks "The Beginning" of private venture in Indian space programme with maiden success</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/iit-kanpur-researcher-develops-technology-to-turn-acs-into-air-purifiers/articleshow/95601694.cms">IIT Kanpur researcher develops technology to turn ACs into air purifiers</a>

From launch vehicles to space tourism, Indian space start-ups aim high

NewSpace India Limited (<keyword id="7835598" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nsil" source="Orion">NSIL</keyword>) launched GSAT-24 in its first "demand-driven" communication satellite mission post space sector reforms, leasing the entire capacity on board to Direct-to-Home (DTH) service provider <keyword id="13033014" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tata-play" source="Orion">Tata Play</keyword>. Built by Indian Space Research Organisation for NSIL, the satellite was successfully placed into geostationary orbit by the Ariane 5 rocket, operated by French company Arianespace, from Kourou in French Guiana (South America) on Thursday. GSAT-24 is a 24-Ku band communication satellite weighing 4180 kg with pan-India coverage for meeting DTH application needs. NSIL, incorporated in March 2019, is a Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE), under Department of Space (DOS) and is the commercial arm of ISRO. As part of "space reforms" announced by the Government in June 2020, NSIL was mandated to undertake operational satellite missions on a "demand driven" model, wherein it has the responsibility to build, launch, own &amp; operate satellites and provide services to its committed customer. The entire satellite capacity on-board GSAT-24 will be leased to its committed customer Tata Play, the DTH business of Tata Group, for meeting their DTH application needs. The Ariane 5 has successfully placed two satellites into geostationary orbit: MEASAT-3d for the Malaysian operator MEASAT, and GSAT-24, Arianespace said after launching them on-board Ariane-V VA257 flight from the Guiana Space Centre, Europe's spaceport in Kourou. GSAT-24 is configured on ISRO's proven I-3k Bus with a mission life of 15 years. "'Demand-driven' mode basically means when a satellite is launched, one will know who the end customers are going to be and what's the kind of utilisation and commitment so that you have very effective utilisation of this satellite capacity once it goes into orbit", an NSIL official explained. "Earlier, the mode was more supply driven, with capacity being leased after the launch with largely no firm commitment by customers before hand", the official noted. "The entire mission is fully funded by NSIL -- satellite, launch, launch campaign, insurance, transportation, in-orbit maintenance and support. Once the satellite is up in orbit, this will be fully owned and operated by NSIL," NSIL Chairman and Managing Director Radhakrishnan Durairaj told PTI. "So, we will be the satellite operator for this particular satellite," he said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-has-dropped-the-second-developer-beta-update-for-ios-16-with-revamped-message-filtering/articleshow/92404124.cms">Apple has dropped the second developer beta update for iOS 16 with revamped message filtering</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/half-of-the-earnings-of-indian-companies-ceos-at-risk/articleshow/92403167.cms">CEOs are paid more now but half of the earnings are 'at risk'</a>

Tata Play rents the entire capacity of the newly launched GSAT-24 satellite

<ul><li>A new study by Japan's Hayabusa2 space probe finds that water and organic matter were brought to <keyword id="6359982" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="earth" source="Orion">earth</keyword> by asteroids.</li><li>A team of astronomers from Japan drew the analysis based on samples from the <keyword id="3634650" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="ryugu" source="Orion">Ryugu</keyword> asteroid.</li><li>Hayabusa2 left Earth on 2014 and reached its stationary position above Ryugu in June 2018.</li></ul>Water and organic matter was brought to Earth by asteroids, finds Japan's Hayabusa2 space probe. The findings, published in the scientific journal Nature Astronomy explains the mystery of how the Earth, which consisted almost entirely of molten magma in its initial formation, came to be covered in water, Kyodo News reported. A team of astronomers from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency drew the analysis based on samples from the Ryugu asteroid collected by the Hayabusa2 space probe. "In a broad sense, it is possible that small celestial bodies brought things that led to water and life on Earth," Motoo Ito, a senior researcher of geomaterials science at the <keyword id="14731597" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="japan-agency" source="Orion">Japan Agency</keyword> for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, was quoted as saying. In December 2020, a capsule that had been carried on a six-year mission by Hayabusa2 delivered more than 5.4 grams of surface material to Earth from the Ryugu asteroid, located over 300 million km away. While Ryugu particles displayed a close compositional match to that of Earth's water, there were some slight differences, leading researchers to hypothesise that Earth may have also sourced its water from places other than asteroids, the report said. An analysis of eight particles, totalling approximately 59 milligrams, from the Ryugu asteroid found in almost all of them organic matter and water not in liquid form but a hydroxyl group consisting of one oxygen atom bonded to one hydrogen atom, with a composition similar to that of water contained in cosmic dust and comets. Protected by a "cradle" of phyllosilicates, they were believed to have endured harsh environmental changes after leaving the outer solar system, where water and organic matter are present. Organic areas comprising a matter known as aliphatic hydrocarbon were also found within the relatively coarse-grained phyllosilicates. The surrounding coarse grains, which are more resistant to heat, may have prevented water and the organic matter from being altered by the environment, the report said. Hayabusa2 left Earth in 2014 and reached its stationary position above Ryugu in June 2018 after travelling 3.2 billion km on an elliptical orbit around the Sun for more than three years. The probe touched down on the asteroid twice the following year, collecting the first-ever subsurface samples from an asteroid. Researchers have previously found that Ryugu, born from a parent body formed in the outer solar system, travelled to the inner solar system and that its particles contain amino acids -- organic compounds said to be the "source of life." SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sustainability/news/400-acre-barrens-in-trichy-district-i[%E2%80%A6]-to-turn-into-a-palm-tree-forest/articleshow/93588898.cms">400-acre barrens in Trichy district in Tamil Nadu to turn into a palm tree forest</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sustainability/news/human-activities-disrupted-even-the-m[%E2%80%A6]es-in-the-earths-ecosystem-study/articleshow/93590471.cms">Human activities disrupted even the most resilient species in the Earth's ecosystem: study</a>

Earth got its water and organic matter from asteroids, finds Japan's space probe

The <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) launched <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>'s largest LVM3 rocket carrying 36 satellites from Andhra Pradesh's <keyword id="6355143" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sriharikota" source="Orion">Sriharikota</keyword> on Sunday morning. LVM3 was launched from <keyword id="6356967" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="satish-dhawan-space-centre" source="Orion">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> in Sriharikota at around 9 AM. "LVM3 standing 43.5 metres tall and weighing 643 tonnes lifted off from the second launch pad rocket port carrying OneWeb's final instalment of 36 Gen1 satellites", said the officials. Reportedly, the LVM3 is a three-stage rocket with the first stage fired with liquid fuel, the two strap-on motors powered by solid fuel, the second by liquid fuel and the third is the cryogenic engine. "Just over 19 minutes after the rocket's take off, the process of satellite separation will begin. The separation of 36 satellites will happen in a phased manner", as informed by the officials. Earlier social media handle of OneWeb satellite communications company and a partner in this mission took to Twitter and said, "Our golden 'Hello World' mission patch for this launch reflects our initiation of global coverage this year". One Web also mentioned the importance of collaboration between the UK and Indian space industries. One Web further tweeted, "OneWebLaunch18 will see us launch 36 satellites with @isro and @NSIL_India from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India. This mission marks OneWeb's second satellite deployment from India, highlighting the collaboration between the UK and Indian space industries". In the year 2022 on October 23, ISRO launched 36 satellites of OneWeb. It was the first satellite deployment collaboration between the two organizations. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/ashneer-grovers-new-startup-crickpe-is-a-fantasy-sports-app-that-will-also-reward-cricketers/articleshow/98964195.cms">Ashneer Grover's new startup CrickPe is a fantasy sports app that will also reward cricketers</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/you-will-soon-lose-your-legacy-blue-tick-on-twitter-heres-everything-you-need-to-know/articleshow/98960333.cms">You will soon lose your legacy blue tick on Twitter – here’s everything you need to know</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/three-out-of-four-premium-smartphones-sold-in-2022-were-an-iphone/articleshow/98855033.cms">Three out of four premium smartphones sold in 2022 were an iPhone</a>

ISRO launches India's largest LVM3 rocket from Sriharikota

The Indian <keyword id="9462187" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-economy" source="Orion">space economy</keyword> is currently valued at around Rs 6,700 crore ($8.4 billion) with a 2 per cent share in the global <keyword id="9462187" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-economy" source="Orion">space economy</keyword>. As per estimates by the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe), the country's space economy is poised to reach Rs 35,200 crore ($44 billion) by 2033 with nearly 8 per cent of the global share. Clint Crosier, Director, Aerospace and Satellite, <keyword id="291131" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="aws" source="Orion">AWS</keyword>, told during the sidelines of the '<keyword id="291131" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="aws" source="Orion">AWS</keyword> re: Invent 2023' conference here that he is very bullish on India and is witnessing a faster rate of <keyword id="3588883" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-startups" source="Orion">space startups</keyword> being created in the country over the last year. "We have seen dozens and dozens of new <keyword id="3588883" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-startups" source="Orion">space startups</keyword> being established in India. This is because of the new government policies and investments, and the goal to increase by 4 times the amount of its share of the global space industry," Crosier emphasised. In September, AWS signed a strategic MoU with the Indian Space Research Organization (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>) and IN-SPACe to support space-tech innovations through cloud computing. This collaboration will give space startups, research institutes and students access to cutting edge cloud technologies that accelerate the development of new solutions in the space sector. "We look forward to helping customers in India build space-tech solutions to make life on Earth better," Shalini Kapoor, Director and Chief Technologist, Public Sector, AWS India and South Asia, had said. The three-way collaboration follows the recent approval of the Indian Space Policy, 2023 which provides a strategic roadmap for the growth and development of India's space programme and ambitions. Crosier said that the company is working from the smallest startups all the way up to the government organisations to help them improve their capabilities in the space sector. "We're supporting and working with a company called SatSure in India, which is using space-based data, and geospatial analytics to help with climate management decisions within the government in the country," he told IANS. SatSure is able to process those volumes of data, and turn large data into real-time, knowledge and insights by operating at the scope and speed of high performance compute and artificial intelligence and machine learning on AWS cloud. With at least 140 registered space-tech startups, India stands to transform the planet's connection to the final frontier. According to a latest report by The New York Times, startups in India have ambitious plans for capitalising on the burgeoning demand of small satellites in low-earth orbits. The startups like Skyroot Aerospace, Dhruva Space and Pixxel are among a cluster of startups that have been actively and closely working with the <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>. The government has opened up the space sector for private players. In June during Prime Minister Narendra Modi's state visit to the US, the White House said that Modi and American President Joe Biden "called for enhanced commercial collaboration between the US and Indian private sectors in the entire value chain of the space economy". Crosier was recently in India and saw a great momentum going on in the <keyword id="6177850" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="spacetech" source="Orion">spacetech</keyword> sector. "We continue to sit down with the Indian startups. We continue to meet with them and understand their problems, looking at Cloud-based tools and capabilities and figure out where Ccloud can solve some of their problems," he noted.

Indian spacetech startups growing faster than ever, ready for perfect lift off: AWS

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The International Space Station has long been a symbol of international cooperation. </li><li>Astronauts and cosmonauts from the US and Russia work closely together on the ISS. </li></ul>Since the end of the Cold War, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/astronaut-spend-355-days-orbit-international-space-station-2022-9">the International Space Station </a>(ISS) has been a symbol of international cooperation.Teams from the US, Russia, Europe, China, and Japan have for the past three decades lived and worked together on the Earth-orbiting station, collecting <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/8-unforgettable-moments-on-the-international-space-station-2022-7">valuable scientific data</a> in joint research projects.Veteran astronaut Peggy Whitson previously told Business Insider that crews don't dwell on politics, and their unique view of the world separates them from Earth-bound conflicts."People are used to leaving the politics and the religion behind because, when you're in space, you become part of a space culture where my life depends on you and your life depends on me," she said.On Earth, however, tensions between the US and Russia are at their worst point since the Cold War.The US is supporting Ukraine against the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-finding-gaps-defenses-ukraine-kyiv-trypillya-west-aid-defense-2024-4">Russian invasion</a>, and Russia's President Vladimir Putin has menaced the West with the prospect of nuclear war in response. The areas where the countries can find common ground are dwindling.<h2>An uneasy relationship</h2>Right now, there are four US astronauts, three Chinese astronauts, and three Russian cosmonauts on the ISS.In recent years, political tensions have been threatening the precarious agreement that underpins the ISS, with some Russian cosmonauts using the station for a propaganda stunt, and the Kremlin threatening to pull out of the ISS completely.In 2022, Russia announced that it would withdraw from the ISS in 2024 to build its own space station, but it later deferred its exit until 2028.If Russia acts on its threats, it could spell the end of the ISS, as Russian space technology expertise is vital for keeping it in orbit.Amid the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/xi-walks-tightrope-seeking-to-save-economy-while-expanding-global-power-2024-3">geopolitical jostling,</a> the US and Russia are joined in an increasingly tense partnership to keep the ISS going despite being at loggerheads on almost every other front."They are metaphorically, practically, and legally codependent, even if some members of each side would prefer them not to be," Jill Stuart of Imperial College London told BIFears over conflict on Earth threatening the space station have even made it to Hollywood with a space thriller, "ISS," released in January.<div type="image" title="A still from the &quot;ISS&quot; movie" height="1220" width="1627" msid="109345773" hostid="261" sizebytes="65616"></div>The movie follows Russian and American astronauts who are on a space mission when a nuclear war breaks out. Their respective countries order them to take control of the space station.<h2>Politics makes its way to space</h2>The creation of the ISS was announced by former US President Ronald Reagan, who in 1984 asked <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/space-station-20th-historical-origins-of-iss/">NASA</a> to create a "permanently manned space station" that other countries would be invited to contribute to.By 1988, 15 nations had agreed to participate in the project, then known as Space Station Freedom. Representatives from the US, Japan, Canada, and nine members of the European Space Agency (ESA) signed the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nasa.gov/history/20-years-ago-station-partners-sign-intergovernmental-agreement-iga/">Inter-Governmental Agreement</a> (IGA) to consent to its construction.After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, President Bill Clinton invited newly-formed Russia to join the project, which changed its name to the ISS in 1993.<div type="image" title="soyuz 11" height="3573" width="4764" msid="109345774" hostid="261" sizebytes="570100"></div>The Soviets had long-standing expertise in aerospace technology, having launched the world's first space station, "Salyut," in 1971.Ever since officially joining, Russia has worked extremely closely with the US on the ISS. Crew from both countries were part of the first monthlong expedition in 2000.<div type="image" title="Astronauts" height="661" width="1024" msid="109345777" hostid="261" sizebytes="90296"></div>But the ISS, for so long a place symbolizing the unity between nations, has begun to fall prey to political divisions as the era of post-Cold War optimism gave way to renewed conflict.In July 2022, Russian cosmonauts on the ISS unveiled a flag of the Luhansk region in Ukraine. The region has recently been occupied by Russia's invading military, and the picture was seen as a show of support for Putin's invasion of Ukraine.It was an outrageous provocation at a site where political differences were supposed to matter less than the common pursuit of truth, said critics."I am incredibly disappointed to see cosmonauts and Roscosmos using the <a target="_blank" class="hawk-link-parsed" href="https://www.space.com/16748-international-space-station.html">International Space Station</a> as a platform to promote their illegal and immoral war, where civilians are being killed every day," Terry Virts, a US astronaut and commander of the ISS in 2015, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.space.com/russia-cosmonauts-ukraine-luhansk-propaganda">said at the time.</a><div type="image" title="three cosmonauts pose with blue and red striped flag inside space station" height="1533" width="2044" msid="109345780" hostid="261" sizebytes="336432"></div>But Virts told BI that Russia's economic difficulties mean that, for the time being, its provocations are unlikely to be a prelude to fully withdrawing from the ISS."It is the only viable civilian space activity for them in the near term," he said.Russia is channeling huge amounts of money into its Ukraine campaign, with military spending accounting for 6% of GDP last year. It leaves little left over for a huge and ambitious project such as building a space station."Their economy has been transitioned to a war footing and they will not have the money to begin any new space exploration initiatives in the foreseeable future," said Virts.<h2>US reliance on Russia</h2>Under the ISS agreement, every nation taking part helps fund it. Russia and the US, as the world's space exploration superpowers, take the largest share of responsibility for maintaining the ship.The ISS's habitable modules, where the astronauts live and work, are jointly owned by the US and Russia and physically connected.<div type="image" title="ISS crew" height="1500" width="2000" msid="109345782" hostid="261" sizebytes="165854"></div>Stuart, of Imperial College, said that the way the station is built enforces cooperation between nations that find little else to agree about."Although strong words have been used on both sides since the conflict in Ukraine, in reality, the agencies involved in the station—as well as the hardware of the station itself—are interdependent in a way that has so far ensured a stable, if tense, continuation of operation," said Stuart."Over the past decades of operation, other political tensions between the US and Russia have led to questions about the future of the ISS, but it has always weathered the storm," said Stuart.The future of the ISS, if Russia does act on its threats and withdraws, appears bleak. It would be difficult to get the ISS to even move without Russian help, said Virts. And transporting astronauts to the station would be more difficult, as under the ISS agreement, Russia flies international teams from its Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.Verts said that while the US would likely be able to find other ways of transporting its astronauts to the station if Russia withdraws its use of its "Soyuz" capsules, the section of the station maintained by Russia include its thrusters, or the engines used to move the spacecraft."We do have to cooperate for the basic operation of the station," he said.One possible solution could come in the form of equipment or financial assistance from Elon Musk's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spacex-starship-rocket-design-evolution-launch-photos">SpaceX</a>. The private space company is thought to be <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/spacex-seeks-150-billion-valuation-in-new-fundraising-effort-reports-2023-6">worth</a> between $125 and $140 billion.Musk wrote a <a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/tes1m211/status/1497374442393157636?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1497375066639765512%7Ctwgr%5E0d3b30ba78b0323b1b4e896daa52e8145c5b37a3%7Ctwcon%5Es2_&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fd-36176056422701953415.ampproject.net%2F2403280457000%2Fframe.html">social media post</a> in February 2022 that alluded to the company saving ISS from an "uncontrolled deorbit" after the head of Russia's space agency warned it could crash into the US or Europe if ties were cut over the conflict in Ukraine, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/tech/elon-musk-spacex-russia-iss-b2024749.html">The Independent</a> reported.Meanwhile, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/08/12/europe-eyes-musks-spacex-to-replace-russian-rockets.html">CNBC</a> reported in August that the European Space Agency was considering using the organization's launchers over Russia's "Soyuz" capsules.<h2>A new space race</h2>While the US and Russia continue their tense collaborations on the ISS, in other parts of space, competition is intensifying.China is rapidly becoming a major power in space, challenging the US and Russia's dominance of space exploration and technology. China has completed several unmanned Moon landings, has its own space station, and has developed a sophisticated commercial and military satellite program.Great power competition in space is nothing new. After all, the first space race was fuelled by the geopolitical rivalry between the US and Soviet Russia.But the era of cooperation and unity symbolized by the ISS could soon come to feel like something from the past, say experts. For Stuart, the future will likely be defined instead by intensifying rivalry."Countries have long used space activity to demonstrate their prestige, and this will continue into the foreseeable future—leading to inevitable competition and even conflict," said Stuart.

US-Russia collaboration has long endured in space. The Ukraine war could ruin it.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Yumi Yamamoto has met Japan's oldest living people, and her great-grandmother died at 115.</li><li>She's noticed a few things Japanese supercentenarians do which might contribute to their longevity.</li></ul>A longevity researcher who verifies the ages of supercentenarians, and whose great-grandmother lived to the age of 116, shared four aging secrets from the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/surprising-centenarian-longevity-tips-met-superagers-2023-11">longest-living people</a> in Japan.Yumi Yamamoto, the Japan research president for <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/changes-researchers-made-from-centenarian-longevity-advice-2023-11">LongeviQuest</a>, an organization that validates the ages of the world's oldest people and collects their stories, has this year verified four <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/longevity-tips-centenarian-who-played-golf-younger-friends-2023-11">supercentenarians</a>, which are those who live past the age of 110. This includes Japan's oldest person, Fusa Tatsumi, who celebrated her 116th birthday in the spring.She is also the great-granddaughter of Shigeyo Nakachi, who was the second oldest living person in Japan at the time of her death in 2021.So, Yamamoto knows a thing or two about longevity, particularly what Japanese people with long lives have in common.LongeviQuest has verified 269 supercentenarians in Japan, including in Okinawa, one of the world's five <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/okinawa-blue-zone-and-its-longevity-secrets-2023-9">Blue Zones</a>, where an unusually high number of people live to over 100. Like in other Blue Zones, super-agers in Japan tend not to eat much meat and spend lots of time with family.But superagers in Japan also have <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/what-you-can-do-to-live-longer-healthier-2023-9">longevity-boosting habits</a> which are more specific to the country, which Yamamoto shared with Business Insider.<h2>Eating until they are only 80% full</h2>"There's a saying in Japanese, which says you should only eat until you're 80% full, so you should leave space at the end of a meal," Yamamoto said.The saying, "hara hachi bu," helps Japanese people to practice mindful eating and mild <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/benefits-of-calorie-deficit-diet">calorie restriction</a>, which research suggests reduces inflammation and could be beneficial for longevity according to animal studies, although more research is needed.The average daily calorie intake of someone from the Okinawa Blue Zone, for instance, is only about 1,900, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.bluezones.com/2017/12/hara-hachi-bu-enjoy-food-and-lose-weight-with-this-simple-phrase/">according</a> to Blue Zones, which is less than the 2,000 calories per day that the US Food and Drug Administration recommends.<h2>Do everything in moderation</h2>One of the biggest lessons Yamamoto has learned from her chats with supercentenarians is "don't do things to excess, instead do all things in <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-eat-indulgent-foods-not-gain-weight-influencer-fitwaffle-2020-5">moderation</a>."For example, Kane Taneka, the oldest recorded Japanese person and second oldest person in recorded history, who lived to 119, enjoyed Coca-Cola, but, Yamamoto said, would only have one bottle a day."She wasn't addicted to it, and she wouldn't drink to excess. This is something that I think is common in Japan. Japanese people eat in a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/i-stopped-overeating-health-foods-ate-anything-lost-35-pounds-maintained-2022-7">balanced way</a> and they don't eat or drink to excess," she said. "And that goes not just for food and drink, but also things like not staying up all night."Experts agree that enjoying treats in moderation can make healthy eating more sustainable — an approach dubbed the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/why-nutrition-reporters-love-8020-rule-for-healthy-diet-2021-4">80/20 rule</a>.<h2>Radio gymnastics</h2>In Japan, people take part in what's known as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/japanese-exercise-radio-taiso-okinawa-japan-blue-zone-2023-10">radio gymnastics</a>, Yamamoto said. Since 1928, a radio broadcast has directed listeners in body weight exercises for five minutes a day, and Yamamoto tries to do radio gymnastics in the mornings just like Japan's super-agers, she said.Research suggests that doing short bursts of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/lower-cancer-risk-daily-vigorous-exercise-carrying-shopping-study-2023-7">intense physical activity</a> could lower the risk of cancer and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/minute-long-workouts-may-help-prevent-early-death-study-2022-12">heart disease</a>, and therefore improve longevity.And, as BI previously reported, most Blue Zones superagers <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/blue-zone-lifestyle-habits-live-longer-healthier-no-gym-2023-8">don't go to the gym</a>, and instead incorporate movement into their daily lives — whether that's by walking, taking the stairs, or doing group sports to combine socializing with exercise.<h2>Straight posture</h2>Yamamoto said that her great-grandmother was always very "regimented" in her <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/how-to-improve-posture">posture</a>, always maintaining a straight back."One thing I've noticed about Japanese supercentenarians and centenarians is that they're very disciplined and strict on themselves in terms of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.insider.com/things-that-can-make-you-have-bad-posture-2019-2">straight posture</a>," she said. "As humans, we will tend to hunch over a little bit as we get older, but very elderly Japanese people, even until old age, will maintain a very straight posture," she said.Research suggests that a good posture can minimize strain on the body, prevent pain, and help keep it functioning correctly.

4 aging secrets of Japanese supercentenarians, from a longevity researcher whose great-grandmother lived to 115

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Recent research found that fully remote workers were less productive than office workers. </li><li>We talked to two people who began working from the office more because it made them more productive.</li></ul>Working remotely has its advantages, but there's growing evidence to support what many managers have long suspected: Fully <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wfh-work-from-home-decreases-productivity-18-percent-study-rto-2023-8">remote workers</a> are less productive.A July <a href="https://www.nber.org/papers/w31515" target="_blank" rel="noopener">working paper</a> published by the National Bureau of Economic Research that studied data-entry workers in India found that workers randomly assigned to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wfh-workers-less-efficient-than-people-in-office-new-research-2023-8">work from home</a> were 18% less productive than those in the office. A recent analysis of multiple studies by the Stanford economist Nick Bloom, a leading remote-work expert, found that fully remote workers were <a href="https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/working-paper/evolution-working-home" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10% to 20%</a> less productive than their in-office counterparts. These findings come as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/next-recession-economic-outlook-labor-productivity-negative-impact-workplace-trends-2023-6">US labor productivity</a> — as measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics — has slowed in recent quarters. The research supports anecdotes from individual companies. Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg, for example, said earlier this year that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mark-zuckerberg-meta-engineers-work-better-in-person-remote-2023-3">early-career engineers</a> tended to perform better when they're in person at least three days a week, while Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff has said that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/salesforce-marc-benioff-remote-workers-less-productive-layoffs-productivity-2023-1">remote employees</a> are less productive.To be sure, many people might be more productive at home. But the research has found, on average, those working in the office at least some of the time are more productive . It strengthens the rationale for calling employees <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/companies-making-workers-employees-return-to-office-rto-wfh-hybrid-2023-1">back to the office</a>, as Salesforce and Meta have done. Even <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/zoom-tells-employees-return-to-office-remote-work-video-conferencing-2023-8">Zoom,</a> which is synonymous with remote work, recently called some employees back to the office for at least two days a week.<h2>Going to the office can free you from 'home distractions'</h2>It's not just researchers and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/work-from-home-return-to-office-sexism-women-bosses-employees-2023-4">bosses</a> who are coming to these conclusions. Some individuals are choosing to return to the office.Take Jeff Moriarty, a 44-year-old marketing professional in the Chicago area. He told Insider that his company allowed him to continue working remotely even as pandemic restrictions eased. Though he lives only half an hour from his office, he said that until June last year, he worked from home five days a week. But then he decided to make a change. "While working from home was great from a freedom perspective, I just didn't feel productive enough," he said. "I enjoy brainstorming ideas in person. I enjoy being able to have my entire focus on my job. I found that the best way to succeed at my position and to take our company to the next level was coming into the office."Today, Moriarty said, he goes into the office five days a week. Working remotely, he's said, meant dealing with too many "home distractions." <div type="image" title="Jeff Moriarty" height="531" width="708" msid="102644296" hostid="261" sizebytes="24284"></div>"Before, there was the TV in the background. My wife worked from home as well, and just the urge to do chores," he said, adding: "I enjoy having a separate home and work life. Working from home blended them together too much."<h2>In-person connections and work-life separation can boost productivity</h2>Kate Ecke, 34, is a licensed clinical social worker in New Jersey. In August 2020, she began providing <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-become-therapist-double-your-salary-start-virtual-business-2022-3">telehealth therapy</a>, but she said she grew frustrated over time."I found it hard to concentrate in sessions and did not feel like I was connecting with my clients the way that I wanted to," she told Insider. Ecke said her husband built her a small office in her mom's basement, but that didn't solve the problem. In February, she began renting an office space and seeing clients in person. <div type="image" title="Kate Ecke" height="379" width="505" msid="102644300" hostid="261" sizebytes="17572"></div>While she's thankful that telehealth has provided greater access to mental-health care, she said working in person had been better for her business and mental health. She doesn't need to plan sessions as much as she used to and is less likely to procrastinate her after-session note-taking, she said. Given she now has more work-home separation, she said it's also been easier to decompress after difficult conversations with clients."When I was working from home, I would log off and then have to immediately switch into mom/wife mode," she said, adding: "I'm grateful that I have this choice because it makes me a better therapist."<h2>Hybrid work could be a 'win-win'</h2>While there are high-profile examples of companies requiring staff back at the office, roughly 25% of US working days were remote as of July, and there are signs that this <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hybrid-working-model-wfh-work-from-home-policy-office-trends-2023-7">figure is stabilizing</a>.This stat points to a third option. While fully in-person workers may be more productive than their fully remote colleagues, the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hybrid-working-model-wfh-work-from-home-policy-office-trends-2023-7">hybrid model</a>, where workers spend, say, three days a week in the office, may be the best of both worlds.Last month, Raj Choudhury, an associate professor at Harvard Business School and a remote-work expert, told Insider he was familiar with two studies on hybrid-work productivity. His <a href="https://www.hbs.edu/ris/Publication%20Files/Work%20from%20Anywhere_forthcoming%20SMJ_ee8cc7c5-c90e-4ad9-a1f4-47309d693a5c.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">research</a> found that employees who <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hybrid-working-model-wfh-work-from-home-policy-office-trends-2023-7">worked in person 25%</a> of the time were the most productive, he said, more than employees who worked more or fewer days in person. Stanford's Bloom, meanwhile, found that <a href="https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/working-paper/evolution-working-home" target="_blank" rel="noopener">hybrid work</a> had a "flat or even slightly positive" effect on worker productivity compared with in-office work. It also improved employee recruitment and retention — and was generally less expensive for businesses, the research found. Bloom recently <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hybrid-working-model-wfh-work-from-home-policy-office-trends-2023-7">estimated</a> 60% of Americans worked fully in person, 30% worked in person between one and four days per week, and 10% worked fully remotely. In March, Bloom <a href="https://twitter.com/I_Am_NickBloom/status/1634509723121733633" target="_blank" rel="noopener">predicted</a> that in the long run, as remote work models and technologies improved, roughly 40% of jobs would be in person, 50% would be hybrid, and the fully remote contingent would stay at 10%."Hybrid, if it's well organized, I think it's a win-win," Bloom previously told <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/4-reasons-remote-work-will-survive-recession-stanfords-nick-bloom-2022-7">Insider</a>.

The remote work revolution is crashing into a cold reality: Research is finding workers are less productive at home

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A Knight Frank survey of 350 companies found half of large companies plan to downsize office space.</li><li>That's been sparked by a move towards hybrid working, but trends are different in smaller companies.</li></ul>Half of the world's biggest companies are planning to downsize office space as hybrid working continues, according to a <a href="https://publications.knightfrank.com/your-space/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">survey</a> from real estate agent Knight Frank.The largest firms – defined as having more than 50,000 employees – anticipate cutting 10% to 20% of their office space by 2026. The report is based on a sample of around 350 businesses around the world, employing a total of 10 million people.Most of those companies are moving towards hybrid work, but 31% are implementing an "office-first" approach.<a href="https://fortune.com/2023/06/06/salesforce-return-to-office-charity-incentive/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fortune</a> reported Wednesday that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/salesforce-return-to-office-donating-charity-employees-remote-work-2023-6">Salesforce is trying to lure its employees back to the office</a> with a $10 charity donation every day they come in – willing to give up to $2.5 million in total. It has over <a href="https://www.salesforce.com/news/stories/salesforce-company-facts/">79,000 staff</a>."Now that we are in a truly post-pandemic world, corporate decision-makers are 'removing the blinkers' and making clear decisions around their future corporate real estate strategy based on a broader array of business issues than just the pandemic," Dr Lee Elliott, global head of occupier research at Knight Frank, said in a statement accompanying the report."Firms are looking to work their offices harder, but still offer some flexibility to staff," he said. Elliott told <a href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/big-firms-to-shed-office-space-as-employees-demand-flexible-work-j3mf637kc">The Times of London</a> that there's "a strong push towards better quality, amenity-rich, sustainably accredited space that better aligns with prevailing work styles."But while the larger companies are scaling back on office space, 55% of all the surveyed companies said they expect to "increase or greatly increase" office footprints over the next three years. This was led by companies with up to 10,000 staff, which made up 211 of the 347 companies polled. "There are examples where companies are losing space … but equally there are a lot of organizations, particularly mid-cap companies, that are actually expanding their global footprint," Elliott told <a href="https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/06/business/global-companies-office-space-cuts/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CNN</a>.

Half the world's biggest companies are downsizing office space amid hybrid working

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Longevity researchers are working on a new class of anti-aging drugs called "senolytics."</li><li>The drugs target and clear out "zombie" cells that build up as people age. </li></ul>The same chemicals that give bright red strawberries their vibrant taste and color might also be a secret ingredient to healthy aging. It turns out that a single, special compound found in strawberries, called fisetin, is a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tech-titans-sam-altman-turning-to-anti-aging-drugs-2023-5">zombie cell</a> killer.Paul Robbins, co-director of the Institute of the Biology of Aging and Metabolism at the University of Minnesota, has been studying fisetin for years, and he's been impressed at how it can help lab mice stay healthy. He has <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30279143/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">already shown in published research</a> that fisetin, which is also found in other red and rust-colored fruits like apples and persimmons, can extend and improve the lives of lab mice. But during the pandemic he started to wonder: What if fisetin could help him age better, and <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34375437/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">improve his immunity</a>, by reducing inflammation, and lowering the levels of potent "zombie" cells building up in his body over time? He started taking a dose of fisetin once every two weeks, hoping it might help boost his immunity — and he hasn't stopped since."I have a knee that's kind of cranky — it always seems to feel better right after I take it. Is that real? Who knows," Robbins told Insider.He says it's entirely possible that everything he's feeling could just be a powerful <a href="https://www.health.harvard.edu/mental-health/the-power-of-the-placebo-effect" target="_blank" rel="noopener">placebo effect</a>."Again, there's no evidence in humans that this sort of treatment has any benefit," Robbins said. <h2>Strawberry chemicals can kill "zombie cells" that build up as we age</h2><div type="image" title="People shop for fruits at the Union Square Farmers Market on July 13, 2022 in New York City." height="1336" width="1781" msid="100535017" hostid="261" sizebytes="84740"></div>Scientists call <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7790861/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fisetin a "senolytic"</a> because it targets and wipes out <a href="https://commonfund.nih.gov/senescence" target="_blank" rel="noopener">senescent cells</a> in the body, which build up as people age and contribute to age-related health issues. These cells are also called "zombie cells" because they have stopped multiplying, but don't die off. Yet they can still release molecules that trigger inflammation. The National Institutes of Health is so concerned about senescent cells' impact on aging they're <a href="https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-program-map-rare-type-non-dividing-cells-implicated-human-health-disease#:~:text=NIH%20is%20funding%20%24125%20million%20to%2016%20grants%20over%20five%20years" target="_blank" rel="noopener">funding $125 million in grants</a> to study them over the next few years. In aging mice, when these zombie cells are wiped out, functionality of key organs like the heart, liver, lungs, and the brain all improve, as systemic inflammation goes down."If you're a healthy human when you're 20, 30, or 40, you really don't have a lot of senescent cells, it appears," Robbins said. In fact, senescent cells are critical for embryonic development, telling our fingers when to stop growing, and they can <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7464619/#:~:text=Senescence%20is%20a%20key%20mechanism%20of%20tumour%20suppression" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fight off cancerous tumors</a>, too. "It's when you get older that you find it really associated with conditions like frailty or disease," Robbins said. In the lab, he is working to develop fisetin-based drugs that may work to clear these zombie cells from the body. "These trials are ongoing, and I think we will know within the next year or two if there's any real benefit, or if we need better senolytics, or if we need a senolytic plus another compound," he said.<h2>Wait for more research before taking fisetin, experts say</h2><div type="image" title="A woman selects fruits and vegetables at a market" height="3643" width="4858" msid="100535018" hostid="261" sizebytes="834476"></div>Other longevity experts like assistant professor Markus Riessland, who studies senolytics and the aging brain at Stony Brook University, says people at home should practice just a few years of patience as scientists like Robbins endeavor to figure out when, how, and at what dosage fisetin might work to improve aging.There are already plenty of supplement-peddlers on the internet, selling products that are <a href="https://www.verywellhealth.com/safety-of-amazon-supplements-6500961" target="_blank" rel="noopener">not regulated for safety or quality</a>. In addition to being for sale in an unregulated space, <a href="https://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijmm/42/2/811#:~:text=The%20toxicity%20of%20fisetin%20observed%20in%20the%20present%20study%20may%20have%20been%20due%20to%20the%20combined%20effects%20of%20the%20vehicle%20and%20fisetin.%20Fisetin%20significantly%20increased%20ALT%20and%20AST%20levels%2C%20thus%20suggesting%20liver%20toxicity%2C%20whereas%20the%20vehicle%20markedly%20increased%20ALT%2C%20which%20also%20indicated%20potential%20liver%20toxicity." target="_blank" rel="noopener">high doses of fisetin</a> could be toxic. The proper dosage and potential harms for patients with other health issues haven't been uncovered either. So while Riessland is excited about the promise of senolytic drugs like fisetin, he's not ready to start pill popping just yet. "I don't want to say 'take it,' I don't want to say 'don't take it,'" Riessland said. It's still unclear how well fisetin will work, and how safe it is. "I would wait a little bit, to be honest." In the meantime, you can find plenty of natural fisetin — as well as other <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/foods-that-fight-cancer-2019-2#overall-plants-are-the-best-diet-staple-because-theyre-high-in-fiber-and-contain-disease-fighting-phytochemicals-4:~:text=Phytochemicals%20are%20what,us%20against%20disease.">anti-inflammatory compounds that may help fight aging</a> — abundant in strawberries as well as onions, apples, and a whole bunch of other colorful fruits and vegetables.And there is a small, but growing, body of research suggesting that people who eat more strawberries may reduce their <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950087/#:~:text=Consumption%20of%20strawberries%20and%20foods%20rich%20in%20vitamin%20C%2C%20pelargonidin%2C%20anthocyanidins%2C%20and%20total%20flavonoids%20may%20reduce%20the%20risk%20of%20Alzheimer%E2%80%99s%20dementia." target="_blank" rel="noopener">Alzheimer's risk</a>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3582325/#:~:text=Higher%20intake%20of%20flavonoids%2C%20particularly%20from%20berries%2C%20appears%20to%20reduce%20rates%20of%20cognitive%20decline%20in%20older%20adults." target="_blank" rel="noopener">curb cognitive decline</a> and even <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33922576/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">improve blood sugar</a> and heart health. So go ahead, bite into that bright red strawberry already.

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