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<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) plans to set up its own <keyword id="7953498" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="space-debris-monitoring">space debris monitoring</keyword> system. </li><li>K Sivan, ISRO Chief, claims that data from the North America Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD) wasn’t accurate enough. </li><li>ISRO will use a network of telescopes and satellite across the country to safeguard its 50 functional satellites currently in space. </li></ul>The threat from space debris is only growing and so is the need for accurate data. Until now, India monitored its <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-asat-mission-shakti-creates-space-debris/articleshow/68594904.cms">space debris</a> using the North America Aerospace Defence Command (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Western-Space-Agencies-Are-Tracking-What-Could-Be-A-Russian-Satellite-Killer/articleshow/45198218.cms">NORAD</a>). But that’s set to change. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) planning to set up its own space debris monitoring system because NORAD data isn’t precise enough, according to K Sivan, ISRO Chief — speaking to <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/new-isro-system-to-shield-its-assets-from-space-debris/articleshow/70528348.cms">TOI.</a> Replacing NORAD Used rocket parts, non-functional satellites, lost astronaut tools and, in some cases, out-of-control space stations threaten functional satellites in space. <div type="image" title="Space_debris_GIF_ESA380488" msid="70550245" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Space debris&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 K Sivan, ISRO Chief, told TOI that NORAD’s publically available data isn’t accurate and the data which is accurate is exclusively available to NORAD members. In order to safeguard its 50 functional satellites in space, ISRO is going to set up a network of telescopes and radars under the Directorate of Space Situational Awareness and Management to monitor space debris. Accurate information on the location of space debris and where it’s headed, is integral to protecting satellites. This data can help determine the difference between an actual collision, and one that ‘might’ happen. As the space gets more crowded, the information needs to be more precise. <div type="javascript" title="Custom" contenttype="Image"><cdata><![CDATA[
<a href="https://giphy.com/gifs/mic-space-satellites-junk-GkS0Rc1uEVXIQ">via GIPHY</a>
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 Space pile-ups Lost objects in space fly around, gaining speed. It can take a few hundred years before they fall back to Earth, or burn up in the atmosphere. Monitoring these objects is all the more important since colliding would result in even more debris. “It’s not like a highway here (on Earth), where there’s an accident and you can just come and clean it up and traffic continues,” explains <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-trash-in-outer-space-makes-way-for-a-new-kind-of-map/articleshow/69751105.cms">Stewart Bain</a>, the CEO of NorthStar Earth and Space — a Canadian company focused on space situational awareness — told Business Insider India. “When we create it (an accident) up in space, it stays. You’re driving around the garbage mound. And the garbage becomes an obstacle to get around,” Bain adds. India is also currently processing the ‘<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-space-activities-bill-addresses-damage-in-outer-space/articleshow/69960212.cms">Space Activities Bill</a>’ to align its liability in outer space with international standards. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/union-budget-2019-isros-new-commerical-arm-is-new-space-india-limited/articleshow/70086097.cms">India forms a new space company to sell ISRO’s space technology products</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-space-station-plan-by-isro-plans-k-sivan/articleshow/69775780.cms">India wants to set up its own space station to carry out experiments in microgravity</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-asat-mission-shakti-creates-space-debris/articleshow/68594904.cms">India's test of its anti-satellite weapon may have weakened its fight against dangerous space debris</a>

India doesn't trust US with measuring space debris — and so it will set up its own agency

<ul><li><keyword id="3384000" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mission-Shakti">Mission Shakti</keyword> gives India the power to destroy any satellite entering its orbit. </li><li>Indian scientists on 27 March shot down a low orbit satellite 300 km away in space, says Prime Minister Modi. </li><li>India is the fourth country to test anti-satellite missiles after US, Russia and China.</li></ul>India has joined an elite group of nations (US, Russia and China) who have the capability and technology of the anti-satellite system. The Indian Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> has said that our scientists shot down a low orbit satellite 300 km away in space. "Just a few minutes ago, our scientists shot down a live satellite on the LEO (<keyword id="3369680" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Low-Earth-Orbit">Low Earth Orbit</keyword>). They achieved it in just three minutes," he <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/prime-minister-modi-in-his-live-address-says-indian-scientists-shot-down-a-low-orbit-satellite-300-km-away-in-space/articleshow/68593276.cms">said.</a> An External Ministry Statement said, "The capability achieved through the A-SAT test provides credible deterrence against threats to our growing space-based assets from long range missiles, and proliferation in the types and numbers of missiles," it said. What was the Mission Shakti test? India conducted Mission Shakti, an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-asat-mission-shakti-creates-space-debris/articleshow/68594904.cms">anti-satellite missile test,</a> from the Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam Island launch complex on March 27, 2019. The mission was carried out by DRDO. The satellite used during the test was the one present in India’s lower orbit. What are anti-satellites weapons Anti-satellites are space weapons designed to incapacitate or destroy satellites for strategic military purposes. There are only four countries in the world with this capability — the US, China, Russia and now India. These weapons can allow a country to attack enemy satellite by blinding them or disrupting their communication. They also provide a technical base for intercepting ballistic missiles. They are also helpful in bringing down spy satellites. India can now hit satellites at long ranges with a few centimeters accuracy, said Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) chairman G Satheesh Reddy told news agency ANI. However, India has not directed the test against any country. The Ministry said the test was done in the lower atmosphere to ensure that there were no space debris. "Whatever debris that is generated will decay and fall back onto the earth within weeks." On why was the test done now, the statement said it was done after India had acquired the required degree of confidence to ensure its success and it reflected the intention of the government to enhance India's national security. (With IANS) See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-asat-mission-shakti-creates-space-debris/articleshow/68594904.cms">India's new anti-satellite weapon has weakened its fight against dangerous space debris</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/prime-minister-modi-in-his-live-address-says-indian-scientists-shot-down-a-low-orbit-satellite-300-km-away-in-space/articleshow/68593276.cms">Indian enters an elite space club after scientists shoot down a low orbit satellite 300 km away in space, says Prime Minister Modi</a>

Mission Shakti and anti-satellite weapons: India’s space developments you need to know about

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>This week, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/india" target="_blank" rel="noopener">India</a> launched a missile to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-in-india-just-shot-down-a-low-orbit-satellite-in-space-2019-3">intentionally destroy</a> one of its own satellites.</li><li>"Mission Shakti," as the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/anti-satellite-warfare" target="_blank" rel="noopener">anti-satellite missile</a> test is known, created a slew of debris about 175 miles above Earth.</li><li>Analytical Graphics Inc., an engineering software company that models the space environment around Earth, created a simulation of the event.</li><li>It suggests that 6,500 pieces of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/space-debris" target="_blank" rel="noopener">space debris</a> larger than a pencil eraser were created.</li></ul>India fired a missile into space on Wednesday, struck one of its own satellites, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-in-india-just-shot-down-a-low-orbit-satellite-in-space-2019-3">destroyed the spacecraft</a>.Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi hailed the successful test as "an unprecedented achievement" that makes India "a space power."But these anti-satellite missile tests leave behind large debris fields in space that can threaten other satellites.India's Defence Research and Development Organization downplayed that risk, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-satellite-idUSKCN1R91DM" target="_blank" rel="noopener">telling Reuters</a> that the debris field "will vanish in no time" and "should be dying down within 45 days." But Lt. Gen. David Thompson, vice commander of the USAF Space Command, told the Senate Armed Services Committee that "they are tracking about 270 different objects in the debris field," <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/27/u-s-military-sensors-track-debris-from-indian-anti-satellite-test/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according to Spaceflight Now</a>."Likely, that number is going to grow as the debris field spreads out and we collect more sensor information," he said.A software engineering company called Analytical Graphics Inc. (AGI) has now created its own simulation of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-missile-shoots-down-satellite-space-debris-junk-risk-2019-3">debris created by the anti-satellite test</a>. The company - which "visualizes objects in space and time with unprecedented accuracy," according to its <a href="https://www.agi.com/products" target="_blank" rel="noopener">website</a> - posted the video (embedded below) to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pzhtc-rFbvM" target="_blank" rel="noopener">YouTube</a> on Thursday.The simulation uses what the company calls "standard breakup models" to approximately illustrate the clouds of debris particles that resulted from the test."We modeled 6,500 fragments, basically those that were larger than half a centimeter," Tom Johnson, the vice president of engineering for Analytical Graphics Inc., said.<h2>The remnants of 'Mission Shakti'</h2>Modi announced the test, called "Mission Shakti," during a live broadcast on Wednesday morning. The test destroyed a satellite called Microsat-R that weighed around 1,600 pounds.&#xa0;"Until now, only US, Russia, and China could claim the title. India is the fourth country to achieve this feat," he said during the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRZ9A3wQBfw" target="_blank" rel="noopener">broadcast</a>.Any collision in space creates a cloud of debris, and incredible energies are involved in anti-satellite events. A head-on collision can contain the energy of a car hitting another car at more than 22,000 mph - more than a dozen times as fast as a bullet shot from a gun.This can hurl countless fast-moving pieces into space; traveling at such velocities, even a stray paint chip can disable a satellite.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/space-junk-collision-statistics-government-tracking-2017-2018-4">The US government logged 308,984 potential space-junk collisions in 2017 - and the problem could get much worse</a>Fortunately, Microsat-R was destroyed at a relatively low altitude of about 175 miles. The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/earth-moon-distance-edge-of-outer-space-2018-5">closer a spacecraft is to Earth</a>&#xa0;when it's destroyed, the quicker its debris will fall back and burn up<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/earth-atmosphere-extends-beyond-moon-hydrogen-gas-cloud-2019-2"></a>.The satellite was lower than the International Space Station's orbit of 250 miles, as well as that of a weather satellite that China destroyed in 2007. (Debris from the Chinese test still orbits the planet today.) This test was about 40 miles higher, however, than the altitude at which the US destroyed one of its satellites in 2008.&#xa0;Right now, radar and other systems can track debris about the size of a golf ball or larger. Much smaller objects are difficult to track, yet still pose a threat to spacecraft.The US Strategic Command's Joint Force Space Component Command is "actively tracking and monitoring the situation," a spokesperson told Business Insider on Wednesday.<h2>What the debris simulation of the 'Mission Shakti' test shows</h2>&#xa0;Part of the animation, which we <a href="https://twitter.com/thesheetztweetz/status/1111696402491629573">learned about from Michael Sheetz of CNBC</a>, is shown above. It shows the anti-satellite missile's "kill vehicle" - what is essentially a giant bullet slug - and its path in red. Microsat-R and its orbit are shown in green."The Microsat-R satellite was launched on January 24, 2019, with a mass of 740 kilograms [1,630 lbs]. It's a fairly large satellite," Johnson said.He added that the simulation makes conservative assumptions, such as a downward collision "to minimize the debris fragments." The calculations assume that the collision happened at a height of 175 miles (Microsat-R's last known altitude), and that the missile and satellite collided at a "closing velocity" of about 22,000 mph.Although the model estimates the number of tiny debris pieces to be over 6,000, Johnson noted that "in reality, we can't track the objects that small, so the number of trackable objects is gonna be significantly less."A narrator of the video said AGI is waiting for US Strategic Command to release information about the 270 objects being tracked."We look forward to the release of that information so that we can update our debris model and the rest of our analysis," the narrator said. "Stay tuned."For now, based on the simulation, the test appears to have kicked some debris to higher orbits around Earth (as shown below).&#xa0;Business Insider asked multiple spokespeople from NASA and the Department of <keyword id="6354810" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="defense">Defense</keyword> if any debris is known to pose a threat to spacecraft, but did not get a response."We immediately started providing public notice on our Space Track website and will provide direct notification to spacecraft operators if those satellites are under threat," Lt. Gen. Thompson told the Senate on Wednesday. "I will also say, at this point in time, the International Space Station is not at risk."You can watch AGI's full animation below.&#xa0;<div><div style="position:relative; padding-bottom:calc(56.25% + 44px)"></div></div><div><div style="position:relative; padding-bottom:calc(56.25% + 44px)"></div></div><div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/space-debris-junk-dangerous-nasa-esa-2017-4">The amount of space junk around Earth has hit a critical point - and it could jeopardize our space missions</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

India's anti-satellite missile test may have created 6,500 eraser-size pieces of space junk near Earth, according to a new simulation

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wzbfnR0_hcQ">Warner Bros. / Gravity trailer</a></div></div><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/will-smith-needs-saving-from-his-son-in-the-first-trailer-for-after-earth-2012-12"></a>
Director Alfonso Cuarón's new <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="space">space</keyword> movie, "<keyword id="87920" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="Gravity">Gravity</keyword>," has <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/gravity-reviews-go-see-it-2013-8">received high praise</a>, especially for its technical accuracy.
The movie stars George Clooney and Sandra Bullock as two astronauts who must survive untethered in space, and find a way back home to Earth, after their spacecraft is blown to bits by debris from a destroyed satellite.
<keyword id="34120" type="POSITION" weightage="60" keywordseo="astronaut">Astronaut</keyword> Buzz Aldrin had mostly good things to say about the film's portrayal of zero gravity in a review for <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/gravity-review-by-astronaut-buzz-639883" target="_blank">The Hollywood Reporter.</a>
"I was so extravagantly impressed by the portrayal of the reality of zero gravity," he said. "Going through the space station was done just the way that I've seen people do it in reality."
The second man to walk on the moon did have one criticism of the movie, having to do with <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/17-minute-take-at-the-beginning-of-gravity-2013-10">those beautiful shots of Earth from space</a>. The view was too perfect, according to Aldrin.
"This movie gave great clarity to looking down and seeing the features of Earth … but there weren't enough clouds, and maybe there was too precise a delineation from space," he told The Hollywood Reporter.
Cuarón admitted in an <a href="http://www.wired.com/underwire/2013/10/center_of_gravity/" target="_blank">interview with Wired</a> that in the film they tried to be as scientifically accurate as possible, but did take "certain liberties."

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India doesn't trust US with measuring space debris — and so it will set up its own agency

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India's anti-satellite missile test may have created 6,500 eraser-size pieces of space junk near Earth, according to a new simulation

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