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<ul class="summary-list"><li>Humans have been studying <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-2024-total-solar-eclipse-cool-best-special-nasa-2024-1">total solar eclipses</a> for millennia to better understand the cosmos.</li><li>Total eclipses have helped prove Einstein's theory of relativity and led to the discovery of helium.</li></ul>On April 8, millions of people across the US will all do the same thing: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/reasons-to-see-total-eclipse-convince-boss-miss-work-2024-4">look up</a>.In the middle of the afternoon, day will shift to night, as a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/solar-eclipse-map-nasa-where-when-see-path-of-totality-2024-3">total solar eclipse</a> touches 15 states.We know now what causes a total <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/devil-comet-visible-during-total-solar-eclipse-how-see-2024-4">solar eclipse</a>. But our ancient ancestors from millennia ago weren't so certain, and that was bad news for some scientists.In the 21st century BCE, China's emporer <a target="_blank" href="https://eclipse2017.nasa.gov/eclipse-history">reportedly</a> had two astronomers beheaded for not <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/total-eclipse-solar-power-generation-states-outside-path-totality-2024-3">predicting a total eclipse</a>.Over the centuries, total eclipses became less dire and more of an opportunity to test scientific theories and forge <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/helio-year-sun-solar-system-probe-eclipse-events-2024-1">new discoveries</a>.Here are seven times a total solar eclipse has helped advance human science.<h2>1. Measuring Earth's rotation</h2><div type="image" title="Aerial view of planet Earth covered in clouds." height="1411" width="2124" msid="109088911" hostid="261" sizebytes="77030"></div>Some of the earliest suspected records of eclipses <a target="_blank" href="https://science.nasa.gov/eclipses/history/">date back</a> thousands of years.Some experts have suggested petroglyphs or rock carvings found on a monument in Ireland reference an eclipse that took place on November 30 in the year 3,340 BCE. Others have <a target="_blank" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/08/18/this-5000-year-old-stone-carving-may-be-the-worlds-first-drawing-of-an-eclipse/">expressed</a> skepticism.Human-made markings on tortoise shells from China and a Babylonian tablet from over 3,000 years ago may also contain ancient references to eclipses.Though these records are open to interpretation, scholars have <a target="_blank" href="https://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/rotation.html">studied</a> historical descriptions of eclipses for centuries. It's how 18th-century astronomer Edmond Halley first realized the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-if-earth-stopped-spinning">Earth's rotation</a> has slowed over millennia.<h2>2. Discovering what causes eclipses</h2><div type="image" title="Engraving of Pericles stands next to Anaxagoras, who is sitting on steps next to columns in Ancient Greece" height="1500" width="2263" msid="109088912" hostid="261" sizebytes="1159624"></div>Two modern scholars <a target="_blank" href="https://daily.jstor.org/anaxagoras-and-the-eclipse-the-first-to-get-it-right/">give</a> Greek philosopher Anaxagoras of Clazomenae credit for figuring out the moon's role in eclipses, calling him "perhaps the first empirical astronomer."He likely developed his theories after witnessing an annular, or "<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/october-solar-eclipse-annular-ring-of-fire-where-how-watch-2023-10">ring of fire</a>," eclipse on February 17, 478 BCE. While he got some of the science right, his overall understanding of the solar system was a product of its time.Anaxagoras, for example, thought that air pressure kept the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-living-on-flat-earth-would-look-like-2017-11">flat Earth</a> aloft at the center of the rotating sun, moon, and stars. Despite that error, he worked out the basic mechanics behind eclipses.Anaxagoras correctly believed the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-to-watch-da-vinci-glow-ghostly-shine-moon-phenomenon-2023-5">moon reflected</a> the sun's light. He was also accurate in his theories that when the moon moved in front of the sun, it caused a solar eclipse. Similarly, when the Earth was in between the sun and moon, there would be a lunar eclipse.He also used the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-lunar-eclipses-work-earth-moon-red-shadow-2018-7">moon's shadow</a> during an eclipse to estimate its size, but his calculations gave him a much smaller answer than reality.<h2>3. Estimating the moon's distance from Earth</h2><div type="image" title="A person is seated looking through a telescope with astrological instruments nearby in Ancient Greece" height="1500" width="2172" msid="109088915" hostid="261" sizebytes="589214"></div>On March 14, 189 BCE, a total solar eclipse swept over what is now northern Turkey. Greek astronomer Hipparchus would have just been a child at the time, but it's possible he saw the event.Years later, Hipparchus may have used secondhand accounts of that same eclipse to make one of the era's most mathematically accurate estimates of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mind-boggling-nasa-photo-shows-moon-distance-from-earth-2022-10">moon's distance from Earth</a>.Though Hipparchus' direct writings are lost, a 4th-century scholar <a target="_blank" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0021828618817175">detailed</a> how he used the information.The astronomer estimated the distance between where the total eclipse was in modern day Turkey and Alexandria, Egypt — where a fifth of the sun showed — to make his calculation.Based on his math, Hipparchus offered a few ranges, including a mean distance of about 281,387 miles.He wasn't terribly far off. The moon is about 238,855 miles away.<h2>4. Predicting the path of an eclipse</h2><div type="image" title="A map of England showing the path of an 18th century eclipse" height="2445" width="2000" msid="109088917" hostid="261" sizebytes="708824"></div>In the 11th or 12th century, Mayan astronomers made a remarkable prediction for their time: They calculated that a total solar eclipse would occur in 1991, and their prediction was accurate to within a day.It would be centuries until humans made a more accurate prediction. In the 18th century, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/edmond-halley-solar-lunar-eclipse-manuscripts-sell-auction-2023-12">Edmond Halley</a>, better known for discovering a comet with his name, made a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/the-h-word/2015/may/03/halleys-eclipse-newtonian-selling-science-history">map</a> predicting the path of the May 3, 1715 solar eclipse with extreme accuracy.Others made maps before him, but Halley based his prediction on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/isaac-newton-burnt-notes-pyramids-apocalypse-theology-sold-auction-2020-12">Isaac Newton</a>'s theory of universal gravitation, which helped him pinpoint the eclipse's timing to within four minutes.<h2>5. The discovery of helium</h2><div type="image" title="A drawing of several people seated and standing around astronomical equipment in the late 19th century in India" height="1500" width="2175" msid="109088919" hostid="261" sizebytes="650872"></div><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rare-element-arctic-lava-suggest-earth-core-may-leaking-2023-10">Helium</a> is very abundant in the universe but rare on Earth. It took an eclipse for an astronomer to discover it.French astronomer Pierre Jules César Janssen had <a target="_blank" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-scientists-discovered-helium-first-alien-element-1868-180970057/">traveled</a> to Guntur, India just for the August 18, 1868 eclipse. He was using a spectroscope, a prism-like device for separating sunlight into a spectrum.Janssen saw a yellow line with a wavelength unlike any other element. Around the same time, English astronomer Norman Lockyer developed an instrument for viewing the sun even without an eclipse. He saw the same line.Lockyer called the mysterious element helium. It took a couple of decades for scientists to see it on Earth, during experiments on <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/italy-skeleton-of-a-roman-killed-steps-from-sea-fled-vesuvius-eruption-2021-12">Mount Vesuvius</a> lava and uranium.<h2>6. Proof of Einstein's theory of relativity</h2><div type="image" title="A building holds a large piece of astronomical equipment with a long tube and rectangular box" height="1500" width="2244" msid="109088922" hostid="261" sizebytes="221628"></div>Astronomer James Craig Watson was certain he'd <a target="_blank" href="https://www.american-eclipse.com/">found</a> proof of a new planet during the 1878 eclipse. Supposedly located between the Sun and Mercury, Vulcan was only visible when the moon blocked the giant star.Several more eclipses passed without anyone finding evidence of Vulcan. In 1915, Albert Einstein <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/einstein-showed-newton-was-wrong-about-gravity-now-scientists-are-ncna1038671">explained</a> Mercury's unusual orbit with his general <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/albert-einstein-thought-experiments-2023-10">theory of relativity</a>. It fit the data better than a mysterious, difficult-to-spot extra planet.Despite this evidence, Einstein's theory didn't receive scientific proof until the May 29, 1919 eclipse. The physicist had said the sun's gravity would bend light from nearby stars.In 1919, expeditions traveled to Principe, an island off the coast of Africa, and Brazil. While the moon blocked the sun, the astronomers took photographs.The stars seemed to have shifted locations compared to the reference photos. The apparent new locations showed the sun was bending the light within the measurements that <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russell-einstein-manifesto-nuclear-weapons-bombs-danger-2024-2">Einstein predicted</a>.<h2>7. Studying eclipses from space</h2><div type="image" title="A large antenna dish beneath a solar eclipse" height="1383" width="2055" msid="109088924" hostid="261" sizebytes="79024"></div>Gemini 12 astronauts Jim Lovell and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/buzz-aldrin-thoughts-lunar-module-moon-liftoff-2017-7">Buzz Aldrin</a> were the first humans to see a total eclipse from space. The November 12, 1966 eclipse moved from Peru to Brazil, and the astronauts hovered near the path of totality.It was a coincidence that they were close enough to see it, according to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/a-history-of-total-solar-eclipses-seen-by-astronauts-from-outer-space-180983909/">Smithsonian Magazine</a>. Aldrin's photos were unfocused and a bit disappointing.Four years later, TV networks <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o8i9qNslaJA">broadcast</a> the "eclipse of the century," full of images of the event. NASA also launched over two dozen rockets to study <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-sunscreen-is-not-enough-to-protect-you-from-sun-2023-9">UV radiation</a> and solar X-rays during the phenomenon.The agency still uses rockets to gather data during eclipses and will launch three on April 8.

7 times a total solar eclipse revolutionized science 

The world is going to witness a rare astronomical event on Thursday - a <keyword id="1925950" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="hybrid-solar-eclipse" source="Orion">hybrid solar eclipse</keyword>. It takes place when a total eclipse and the annular solar eclipse occur at the same time. An eclipse occurs when the moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, casting a shadow on the Earth's surface. Here's everything you need to know about today's hybrid solar eclipse. 1. What is a hybrid solar eclipse? A hybrid solar eclipse is a rare type of eclipse that occurs only a few times per century. As per NASA, hybrid eclipses shift from annular to total due to our planet's curve. 2. How it is different from a total eclipse? A total eclipse occurs when the moon completely obscures the sun, whereas an annular eclipse occurs when the moon obscures the sun but appears smaller, leaving the outline of a solar ring and the rare hybrid eclipse takes place when both occur at the same time. 3. Where will it be visible? According to NASA, on April 20, skywatchers in Australia and parts of southeast Asia will be able to view a hybrid solar eclipse as it passes over the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Unfortunately, the hybrid solar eclipse will not be visible in India. 4. Time to Watch the solar eclipse? In Western Australia the eclipse will be visible from 10:29 pm to 10:35 pm EDT on April 19 (2:29 to 2:35 GMT, April 20), in East Timor from 11:19 pm to 11:22 pm EDT on April 19 (3:19 to 3:22 GMT, April 20) and in Indonesia from 11:23 pm to 11:58 pm EDT on April 19 (3:23 to 3:58 GMT, April 20). 5. When will the next solar eclipse be visible? The next Eclipse (Partial) will be visible in India on August 2, 2027 (not visible in Odisha) and the next annular solar eclipse will occur in 2031. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/unpaid-subsidies-worth-1200-crore-leading-to-serious-liquidity-crisis-among-ev-makers-says-industry-body/articleshow/99589401.cms">Unpaid subsidies worth ₹1,200 crore leading to ‘serious liquidity crisis’ among EV makers, says industry body</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/top-10-great-place-to-work-in-india-as-per-linkedin/slidelist/99606287.cms">Looking for a great place to work? Here are India’s most coveted companies</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/auto/news/tata-altroz-icng-with-twin-cylinder-cng-technology-launched-in-india/slidelist/99613726.cms">Tata Altroz iCNG with twin-cylinder technology and hi-tech features debuts in India</a>

Five frequently asked questions on hybrid solar eclipse, answered

During the <keyword id="188" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="diwali" source="Orion">Diwali</keyword> festival on October 25, there will be a partial solar eclipse which will be visible from the city as well as from most parts of the country, astrophysicist Debi Prasad Duari said. The eastern metropolis, however, will be able to witness the partial solar eclipse, the second in 2022, for a very small duration, the celestial phenomenon will be better observed in the northern and western regions of the country, he said. The eclipse will not be observed from northeastern <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword> as the celestial phenomenon will be occurring after sunset in those regions, Duari said. Apart from India, the October 25 partial cosmic affair will be visible from most parts of Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia, Duari elaborated. "The partial solar eclipse will begin in Iceland at around 14:29 hours IST and will be seen at its maximum from Russia at 16:30 hours (IST). It will end at around 18:32 hours (IST) over the Arabian Sea," he told PTI while sharing information on the celestial event. "The eastern part of the country will see the partial eclipse only marginally, that also during the sunset. The northern and western parts of the country are better locations to observe the partial eclipse with a better view and for a longer period of time." "During the new <keyword id="42440" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="moon" source="Orion">moon</keyword> (Amavasya) the <keyword id="24879" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sun" source="Orion">Sun</keyword>, Moon and Earth almost come in a linear configuration, whereby from earth we can see the moon without any sunlight falling on it. But at times, as on October 25, the Sun, Moon and Earth will almost be on the same plane resulting in the moon appearing to cover the Sun partially for a period of time causing a partial Solar Eclipse," he explained. In and around the metropolis, the partial eclipse will begin at around 16:52 hours, the maximum occurring at 17:01 hours, and will cease to be seen at 17:03 hours at the sunset, Duari said. "Even at the maximum eclipse, only 4 per cent of the lighted disc of the setting Sun will be covered by the Moon," he said. In the north Bengal town of Siliguri, the celestial phenomenon will be occurring between 16:41 and 16:59 hours and during the maximum eclipse (at around 16:56 hours) about 8.91 per cent of the Sun will be covered by the Moon's disc, Duari stated. "In New Delhi, it will commence at around 16:29 hours and end with the sunset at 18:09 hours with the maximum eclipse to occur at 17:42 hours when the Sun will be obscured by the Moon by an amount of only 24.5 per cent," Duari said. Jaisalmer in Rajasthan will experience the eclipse from 16:26 hours to 18:09 hours with the maximum at around 17:30 hours. when the disc of the Sun will be obscured by 42.5 per cent. "In Mumbai, the eclipse will begin at 16:49 hours with the maximum occurring at around 17:42 hours. It will end at 18:09 hours when the Sun appears to go down the Arabian Sea at sunset. Here, the Sun's disc will be covered by about 24.5 per cent," he added. In southern and central India, the eclipse will be again observed just before sunset with Nagpur experiencing the eclipse from 16:49 to 17:42 hours. In Bengaluru, the eclipse will begin at 17:12 hours, reaching its maximum at 17:49 hours and ending at 17:55 hours during sunset. Chennai will have the eclipse from 17:14 to 17:44 hours, the astrophysicist said. The next major solar eclipse to be visible from India will be an annular eclipse on May 21, 2031, when the annularity can be observed from a narrow patch of land in south India, he said. Three years later, on March 20, 2034, the next total solar eclipse will be visible from India and the totality will be observed from the northernmost part of Kashmir. On both occasions, the whole country will observe a partial eclipse of varying magnitude depending upon its geographical location, Duari said. Another partial eclipse can be seen from the northern part of India on June 1, 2030. Referring to the harm caused to the eyes by Sun's rays during an eclipse, Duari cautioned the sky enthusiasts to take "extreme precaution" while observing it. "Even if the degree of the partial eclipse is not appreciable in most of the country, extreme precaution has to be taken by everybody who wants to observe this cosmic event. The Sun's rays can be very harmful to the eyes and can become critical," he said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/heavy-rain-warning-yellow-alert-in-karnataka-schools-shut-in-up/slidelist/94782407.cms">Heavy rain warning: Yellow alert in Karnataka — schools shut in UP</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/sustainability/article/we-need-to-hasten-progress-towards-un-sustainable-development-goals-by-five-times-to-make-up-for-lost-ground-goalkeepers-report/articleshow/94782035.cms">We need to hasten progress towards UN Sustainable Development Goals by five times to make up for lost ground: Goalkeepers report</a>

Partial solar eclipse on October 25 will be visible from most parts of India

<ul><li>The first solar eclipse of the year 2022 will happen on April 30, the last day of the month.</li><li><keyword id="6360409" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="nasa" source="Orion">NASA</keyword> has listed the places on the earth from where the solar eclipse will be visible.</li><li>The space agency categorises the upcoming solar eclipse as a partial one.</li></ul>Sky gazers and astrologists eagerly await eclipses and a few solar and lunar eclipses happen in a typical year. While 2022 will see four lunar eclipses, in this year, there will be only two solar eclipses. The first of the two solar eclipses in 2022 will happen on April 30th, which will also be the last day of the month. NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), the space agency of the United States, has published a notification containing some interesting details about the upcoming solar eclipse. The first <keyword id="13735191" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Solar-Eclipse-of-2022" source="Orion">solar eclipse of 2022</keyword> to take place on April 30th will be a partial one and can be watched from regions including southern South America, Antarctica, and the Southern and Pacific Oceans. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="What NASA says about the partial solar eclipse?" comment="subhead" text="What NASA says about the partial solar eclipse?">What NASA says about the partial solar eclipse?</cmsannotation> NASA’s official release says, “As it sets in the west on the evening of April 30, the <keyword id="24879" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="sun" source="Orion">Sun</keyword> will appear partially eclipsed for those with clear skies in Chile, Argentina, most of Uruguay, western Paraguay, southwestern Bolivia, southeastern Peru and a small part of southwestern Brazil.” As per the Indian timings of the solar eclipse, the <keyword id="3273492" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Surya-grahan" source="Orion">Surya Grahan</keyword> will start at 12:15 on April 30, 2022 and will end at 4:07 am on May 1, 2022. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Will the first solar eclipse of 2022 be visible from India?" comment="subhead" text="Will the first solar eclipse of 2022 be visible from India?">Will the first solar eclipse of 2022 be visible from <keyword id="3658" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="india" source="Orion">India</keyword>?</cmsannotation> Many sky enthusiasts are very eager to know if the solar eclipse on April 30 can be seen from India. Unfortunately, you can’t see this eclipse by staying in India since the country will have its night around the time of this eclipse and the sun will be shining on the other part of the earth which will have its daytime. However, a number of broadcasting platforms cover the episode of the eclipse live and you can watch them in real time or later on their channels or websites. NASA will offer a live telecast of the solar eclipse on April 30, 2022 on their social media channels. NASA’s YouTube channel will also do a live telecast of the event. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Dos and Don’ts during solar eclipse" comment="subhead" text="Dos and Don’ts during solar eclipse">Dos and Don’ts during solar eclipse</cmsannotation> Science and astrology make some recommendations on what to do and what not to do during eclipses. A solar eclipse is a spectacular event. However, during a solar eclipse, strong electromagnetic waves are radiated from the sun’s surface and hence watching it with naked eyes can result in serious harm to the vision. The safer way to watch solar eclipse is on broadcasting platforms, or through telescopes and projectors. Astrology advises to refrain from consuming food and water during the time of the eclipse. Pregnant women are advised not to expose themselves to the sunlight during the time of eclipse. Using sharp objects is prohibited during this time and the best way to spend the eclipse time is to worship and pray which is said to give immense benefits.

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7 times a total solar eclipse revolutionized science

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Five frequently asked questions on hybrid solar eclipse, answered

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Partial solar eclipse on October 25 will be visible from most parts of India

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