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<ul><li><strong>US-based Oracle recruited more Indians but paid them less than whites<br /></strong></li><li><strong>Asian Indians made up for 45% of the total hires in Oracle between January 2013 and June 2014<br /></strong></li><li><strong>However, the company preferred to pay its white employees up to 25% more than other race.</strong></li></ul>The US Department of Labour found technology giant Oracle guilty of underpaying some of its employees. Those affected include Americans including women and people of African American and Hispanic origin. Indians were among those who were in part beneficiaries of the discrimination.<br /><br />“...Oracle recruited, selected, and hired Asian applicants, particularly Asian Indians, for PTI roles at a rate significantly greater than their non-Asian counterparts who were equally or more qualified for the roles,” the order said.<br /><br />Between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2014, "Oracle hired approximately 670 applicants into PTI roles. Of those hires, Oracle hired 1% African Americans, 2% Hispanics, 14% whites, and 82% Asian applicants. Of the Asian hires, 60% were Asian Indians," according to the order. <br /><br />Asian Indians made up for 45% of the total hires in the period. However, the company preferred to pay its white employees up to 25% more than other races. <br /><br />The damages calculated by the department were at least $401 million in wages between 2013 and 2016. <br /><br />The findings could be a major setback, at least in terms of perception, for Oracle as well as other IT companies operating in the US who hire Indian H-1B visa holders. <br /><br />Several Indian technology majors have been accused of discriminating against Americans in an ongoing class-action suit. However, in a major victory, a US jury ruled in November 2018 that Tata Consultancy Consultancy Services (TCS)  was not guilty of discriminatory hiring practices against American workers. <br /><br />Lawsuits against Infosys, Wipro, HCL Technologies and Cognizant are still pending.<br /><br />The latest order against Oracle has also come at a time when the White House under Donald Trump is considering tweaks to the H-1B visa norms, which have already been tightened significantly in the last one year.<br /><br />The suits against Oracle come amid growing awareness and frustration in Silicon Valley about gender and racial discrimination in the tech industry. Last fall, some 20,000 <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/googlers-walked-out-by-the-hundreds-at-its-headquarters-2018-11">Google workers took part in a walkout</a> in part to protest pay discrimination against women at the company.<br /><br /><br />

Oracle in US hired more Indians than any other race-- but paid them 25% less than whites

<ul class="summary-list"><li>If you've gotten really into credit card rewards in recent years, you're not alone.</li><li>Some Americans go to great lengths to maximize points, sign-up bonuses, and cashback.</li></ul><p>Aaryan Desai picked up a hobby during quarantine: <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/credit-cards/best-credit-cards">researching</a> <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/credit-cards/transferable-credit-card-points-best-rewards-to-earn">credit card</a> <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/credit-cards/ways-to-use-credit-card-points-beyond-travel">rewards</a>.</p><p>The 20-year-old swipes as much as he can. Right now he's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/credit-cards/how-to-book-free-travel-cheap-deals-credit-card-rewards">banking points</a> for a concert in October and a big trip after he graduates from Georgia Tech.</p><p>Desai is part of a new generation of credit card users: young, perks-focused, and ready to maximize. Today's credit cards, he said, are like the coupon books of yore. The perks might not always be the right fit, but, if you figure out a good configuration, you can find some big savings.</p><p>For Desai and other <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/credit-card-rewards-points-friends-fights-brunch-money-payment-venmo-2024-7">rewards hounds</a>, the realization that they can perform a sort of points arbitrage was a real hook.</p><p>"Just using the money that I would be using otherwise or just getting together with friends and that, 'hey, I can just put it on my card and you can Venmo me later,' opening the door to getting 80,000 points from Chase or 175,000 from American Express — it was a new opportunity," he said, adding: "That's what got me into it."</p><p>If it seems like the whole country suddenly has credit card point mania, you would be correct: An <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ipsos.com/en-us/majority-americans-value-their-credit-card-rewards">Ipsos poll</a> of 1,081 adults conducted from April 31 to May 1 found that 71% of respondents have a rewards or cashback credit card, and 68% said that they prefer using their credit card because of the rewards and points that they can earn.</p><p>The poll found that a fifth of Americans ages 18 to 34 use their rewards to pay for things they wouldn't be able to afford otherwise. Younger Americans are flocking to previously fancy cards like <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/american-express-platinum-card-gold-gen-z-millennial-rewards-2024-6">American Express</a>, willing to shell out hefty annual fees in exchange for perks like <a target="_blank" href="https://www.coachella.com/amex">exclusive access to Coachella tickets</a>.</p><p>The rewards are a big reason <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/credit-card-rewards-points-friends-fights-brunch-money-payment-venmo-2024-7">credit cards</a><strong> </strong>have become a cultural juggernaut among young Americans. As costs rise and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/millennial-subsidy-uber-airbnb-prices-surge-pricing-dynamic-2024-8">the millennial subsidy fades</a>, credit card rewards help a new generation live lifestyles they may not otherwise be able to afford: first-class flights, hotel rooms, and VIP concert experiences. It doesn't hurt that social media is full of videos and blogs that offer the tantalizing promise of free trips, luxury lounges, and fancy restaurants — if you can cobble together the right puzzle of points and cards without digging yourself into too much debt.</p><h2 id="124d8b83-ad11-40eb-84a1-249d4ffa65bd">Living the high life on credit card perks</h2><p>At first, 29-year-old Willem Van Eck thought the rewards game was a snake oil salesman's gambit. Cut to: He's stretched out in a first-class seat, a glass of bubbly in hand.</p><p>"Wow," he thought, "this actually is a scheme that you can leverage with the right flexibility and with the right research," Van Eck, a software engineer in the Bay Area, said.</p><p>Credit card rewards work as an incentive to get customers to swipe more. They can come in the form of cashback — which means you get a partial refund for a given purchase in the form of a credit on your bill or a transfer to another account. Or they come as points, which are more nebulous but can typically be used as currency for future purchases. And then there are other perks like hotel credits, airline miles, gift cards, and upgrades like Van Eck's.</p><p>For instance, the Platinum Card from American Express — often considered one of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/credit-cards/chase-sapphire-reserve-vs-amex-platinum-card#fees">top cards for rewards</a> — will cost you $695 in annual fees. In return, you'll get five points for every dollar spent on flights and a point for every other dollar spent. On average, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/credit-cards/what-are-points-miles-worth-value#amex-membership-rewards">per BI's calculations</a>, an Amex point is worth 1.8 cents. Say you spend $5,000, $2,500 of which went toward flights; you'd net 15,000 points, which could equal around $270 — a significant chunk of the annual fee.</p><p>In addition, many cards will also offer substantial sign-up rewards. The Platinum Card offers 80,000 points for spending $8,000 in the first six months of holding the card. Those 80,000 points alone could be worth twice as much as the annual fee.</p><p>Taking advantage of this system requires diligence and restraint to avoid paying more in interest and fees than you gain in rewards.<strong> </strong>According to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/feds/files/2023007pap.pdf">a paper</a> looking at who this system hurts and benefits, borrowers who carry balances and businesses — which pay a fee on each credit card transaction — subsidize the fun for the rest of us.</p><p>Pre-pandemic, Van Eck was chasing cards with high sign-up bonuses, like the Chase Sapphire Preferred card, because they allowed him to transfer points to airlines so he could book business or first-class seats. During the pandemic, he took note of the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/airline-cards-lose-luster-as-coronavirus-persists-11606991400?mod=article_inline">beefed-up bonuses and short-term benefits</a> that companies were offering in an attempt to lure customers; his Delta card offered a $15-a-month dining credit, for instance. That's when Van Eck noticed that more of his Gen Z and millennial friends starting to become adept at navigating their benefits.</p><p>Van Eck is very cautious of lifestyle creep and ensuring that cards are worth his while, especially amid<strong> </strong>high interest rates,<strong> </strong>inflation, and recessionary fears.</p><p>"I've seen most of my peers, including me, reevaluate the value proposition of the cards," he said. Every year, he goes through his list of cards to see which ones paid for themselves without him changing his behavior. If one doesn't, he'll cancel it.</p><p>But not everyone is as prudent as Van Eck. In the high-paying tech industry where he works, Van Eck still sees people changing their habits to maximize rewards, which he doesn't think is smart. </p><p>This could be why delinquencies have been on the rise in recent years, with the youngest borrowers leading the pack. After all, credit cards are fun to use. No, really. Contrary to the belief that we overconsume with credit cards because they<strong> </strong>ease the pain of spending,<strong> </strong><a target="_blank" href="https://mitsloan.mit.edu/experts/how-credit-cards-activate-reward-center-our-brains-and-drive-spending">research finds</a> that their bigger appeal is that they<strong> </strong>make our brains feel like we're getting a reward. All that stands between you and access to that first-class airport lounge are a few taps or swipes.</p><h2 id="0f454fca-2571-4637-a3e5-c54130cda971">Nothing good lasts</h2><p>Credit card companies aren't just giving away rewards for free.</p><p>As Lulu Wang, an assistant professor of finance at Northwestern's Kellogg School of Management <a target="_blank" href="https://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/who-pays-generous-credit-card-rewards#">finds</a>, many businesses will pass on their costs to customers. For example, say you use a 1% cash back rewards credit card at your favorite local coffee shop on $100 worth of coffee for you and your friends. The shop pays a 2% fee on the transaction — $2 — to your card issuer. Then, your card issuer would use some of that 2% fee to give you your 1% back.<strong> </strong>To cover their fee, the shop might raise their prices.</p><p>"In some sense, when you benefit from those rewards, you're taking that money from some mix of the merchant and other cash and debit card consumers out there in the economy who are then not benefiting from those rewards," Wang said.</p><p>Perks aren't always a great deal for everyone. Will Springer, a 41-year-old in Indiana, uses his Chase Sapphire Preferred and Amex Platinum cards primarily for perks like travel insurance and car rentals. Since he lives in a more rural area, an Equinox gym membership benefit is moot, and he can't really use the Uber benefit offered — he sometimes converts it into food delivery credit for Uber Eats.</p><p>Other loyal credit card point users say you can't bank on your favorite perks sticking around. Brandon Zemel, a 32-year-old music producer in Las Vegas, puts pretty much everything on a credit card. He has two cards, the Chase Sapphire Reserved with a higher annual fee that's more travel-catered, and the Chase Freedom Unlimited, which has a fairly flat return on points. He said his travel card shaves hundreds of dollars off of his expenses, and he loves to use his points to get himself onto seat upgrade lists.</p><p>But Zemel recently lost a hugely useful travel benefit: a "<a target="_blank" href="https://www.forbes.com/advisor/credit-cards/chase-sapphire-reserve-card-ending-priority-pass-restaurant-benefit/">priority pass</a>" that could be converted into a $28 dining credit for both him and a guest.</p><p>"It seems to be a thing these days that every year, two years, three years, these companies devalue their product or their perks provided by their product," Zemel said. "And I guess to some extent it's to be expected, but it does kind of remind you that the things that you currently enjoy are not necessarily going to be here long term."</p><p>As Zemel has seen during his time as a cardholder, the rewards<strong> </strong>craze has basically "grown exponentially," propelled by popular blogs and TikTokers. That can also dim the appeal of previously exclusive perks, like overcrowded airport lounges.</p><p>"People got really used to anyone with a pulse basically having some kind of access to the lounge at the airports," he said. Now, Delta has <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/delta-ceo-bastian-skymiles-changes/index.html">recognized</a> that it had too many elite cardholders — leading it, in some cases, to restrict access to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/credit-cards/delta-sky-club-credit-card-access">lounges</a> to higher spenders.</p><p>It's what Wang says is an example of "<a target="_blank" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-money-cant-buy_b_1442128">skyboxification</a>" — an increasing stratification of life among haves and have-nots, like a baseball stadium that's divided between crowds in the stands and richer fans in box seats.</p><p>"I can totally understand this looming dread that society is getting splintered into those who have access to this kind of stuff and those who don't," Wang said.</p><p>I can relate to this sentiment. At a music festival this summer, I learned that my Chase Sapphire credit card would let me skip the line and access an air-conditioned tent with free water.</p><p>However, when I arrived I learned a hard truth: I actually needed the card one tier above mine to get in. For one brief moment, as I gazed at the sparse crowd inside, I thought about applying on the spot. But I ultimately decided it wasn't in my best interest to incur a higher annual fee and open another line of credit.</p><p>And yet, as I stood among the packed and sweaty masses, waiting nearly an hour to get food and water, I felt haunted by the skybox appeal. Would a new credit card do anything positive for my finances? Most likely not. Would it make me feel like a VIP at this event? Definitely. Maybe I'll try to get the Sapphire Reserve<strong> </strong>before next year's festival.</p><p><em>Are you passionate about your credit card rewards? Have you gotten into debt trying to play the points game? Contact this reporter at </em><a target="_blank" href="mailto:jkaplan@businessinsider.com"><em>jkaplan@businessinsider.com</em></a><em>.</em></p>

Welcome to credit card points mania

<ul class="summary-list"><li>New York City's new mayor, <keyword id="12095309" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="eric-adams" source="Orion">Eric Adams</keyword>, said this week that service workers "don't have the academic skills to sit in the corner office."</li><li>His statement is based on a common misconception about the workforce.</li></ul><p>On his second day as mayor of New York City, Eric Adams made an appeal to office-based businesses: He pushed for companies to demand their office workers return to <keyword id="12897321" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="offices" source="Orion">offices</keyword> sooner than a proposed April timeline.</p><p>"You are part of the ecosystem of this city," <a href="https://twitter.com/AchmatX/status/1478458045776674822">he said</a>. "My low-skill <keyword id="11896063" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="work" source="Orion">work</keyword>ers — my cooks, my dishwashers, my messengers, my shoe shine people, those that work in Dunkin' Donuts — they don't have the academic skills to sit in the corner office. They need this."</p><p>Though Adams intended to highlight the inter-dependency of New York City's economy, where restaurants and <keyword id="11893588" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="retail" source="Orion">retail</keyword> stores depend on business from office workers (who largely commute into Manhattan from Brooklyn, Queens, Staten Island, The Bronx, and nearby suburbs) who in turn depend on them for sustenance and goods, he did so while invoking a misrepresentation of a huge portion of the <keyword id="11910050" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="labor" source="Orion">labor</keyword> force.</p><p>Though cooks, bike messengers, and Dunkin' employees all work in service-based jobs, these are not "low-skill workers" who "don't have the academic skills" for office-based work. Despite the complexity of the work, these jobs are deemed "unskilled" or "low-skill" because they demand repetition of menial work — critically important stuff like making sandwiches and pouring coffee. They also make up the vast majority of the American workforce at nearly 80%, <a href="https://www.bls.gov/emp/tables/employment-by-major-industry-sector.htm">according to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics</a>.</p><p>And during the height of the <keyword id="11896136" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="pandemic" source="Orion">pandemic</keyword>, alongside healthcare workers, these laborers were often described with one word: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/these-jobs-count-as-essential-under-new-york-executive-order-2020-3">essential</a>.</p><div type="image" title="essential workers" height="687" width="1024" msid="88740321" hostid="261"></div><h2>The modern origin of 'skilled' and 'unskilled' labor</h2><p>The idea that service workers "don't have the academic skills" for office work is a common misconception that's rooted in American history.</p><p>The modern concepts of "skilled" and "unskilled" labor in America are pulled from the late 1800s and early 1900s, as so-called "white-collar" jobs became increasingly necessary in the management of industrial capitalism.</p><p>During that period, <a href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/america-at-work-and-leisure-1894-to-1915/articles-and-essays/america-at-work/">a "social stratification" was occurring</a>: White-collar jobs became more respectable because they required a high-school education and were paid a salary rather than hourly wages. Working in factories and on farms didn't carry the prestige of the newly emerging class of managerial job.</p><p>That social stratification came to define much of 20th Century America, with millions of American parents defining success for their kids as a college education leading to a salaried office job. To work in the service industry, by comparison, is considered by some to be a failure.</p><p>The inequity between people working in offices — who can work remotely with relative ease — and people working in service jobs that require a physical presence, like restaurant workers and bike messengers, has been evident since long before the pandemic threw it into a starker-than-ever light.</p><p>Salaried office employees are much more likely to have stable work schedules, with weekends off and paid vacations. They're able to work while sitting, and use the bathroom as they wish. Office jobs often come with benefits like healthcare and 401K retirement plans. </p><p>Service jobs, on the other hand, often have erratic schedules, with work that demands physical labor, and with little or no benefits. Those jobs were made more difficult during the first year of the pandemic when many service workers were asked to continue working through wave after wave of surging <keyword id="8764262" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="covid" source="Orion">COVID</keyword> cases while dealing with increasingly hostile customers. </p><p>The result has been an exodus of employees from service jobs, with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/burger-king-we-all-quit-sign-viral-workers-labor-shortage-2021-7">entire staffs quitting en masse</a> in some instances. It's often referred to as a "<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-labor-shortage-not-actually-glassdoor-daniel-zhao-labor-market-2021-12">labor shortage</a>," but one thing is clear: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/labor-shortage-solution-pay-workers-higher-wages-2021-4">When businesses offer higher wages, they're able to attract more workers</a>. </p><p>But workers have been fighting for <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cities-states-will-raise-minimum-wage-15-or-more-2021-12">a $15 minimum wage</a> for nearly 10 years, and $15/hour still doesn't provide <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/living-wage-income-to-live-comfortably-in-every-us-state">a living wage</a>. While <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/15-minimum-wage-not-enough-retail-workers-2021-9">some companies have budged</a>, the market typically values service jobs less, mostly due to their apparent ubiquity and lower barriers for entry. </p><p>If these workers are really considered "essential" in America, rather than "unskilled workers," they should be treated — and paid — as such.</p><p><em><strong>Got a tip?</strong> Contact Insider senior correspondent Ben Gilbert via email (<a href="mailto:bgilbert@insider.com">bgilbert@insider.com</a>),</em><em> or Twitter DM (<a href="https://twitter.com/RealBenGilbert">@realbengilbert</a>). We can keep sources anonymous. Use a non-work device to reach out. PR pitches by email only, please.</em></p>

Calling workers 'unskilled' reveals a major misconception about labor

<ul><li><strong>95% of healthcare executives are focusing on the <keyword id="860946" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="digital-transformation" source="Orion">digital transformation</keyword> of the <keyword id="1007854" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="healthcare-systems" source="Orion">healthcare systems</keyword>, according to a recent study.<br /></strong></li><li><strong>Cloud is becoming the de-facto choice of deployment for <keyword id="1865822" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="healthcare-companies" source="Orion">healthcare companies</keyword>.<br /></strong></li><li><strong>Data and analytics drive better outcomes at a lower cost without compromising the patient experience.</strong></li></ul><br />There is a significant shift in mindset amongst healthcare CXOs towards technology adoption and cloud, according to Sandeep (“Sandy”) Gupta, Co-founder and COO of <a href="https://innovaccer.com">Innovaccer</a>, an organization dedicated to accelerating innovation in healthcare. Sandy was speaking to Dan Sheeran, GM, Healthcare and Life Science, <keyword id="141088" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="amazon-web-services" source="Orion">Amazon Web Services</keyword> (AWS), as part of the SAAS Scions web series by Business Insider India, powered by AWS.<br /><br />A recent <a href="https://innovaccer.com/resources/industry-reports/healthcare-data-readiness-crisis?pdf=3">study </a>shows that 95% of healthcare executives (surveyed by Morning Consult) are focusing on the digital transformation of underlying legacy health systems, on account of limitations on scale, capacity, and reliability of these age-old engagement models. Healthcare leaders, according to Gupta, are cognizant of the gaps that exist in healthcare data and processes.<br /><div type="image" title="SAAS" msid="96027540" hostid="261" sizebytes="45508"></div><br /><em>“Healthcare was obviously one of the most affected industries during the pandemic, with patient interactions going virtual. The only silver lining for the sector was the pace at which technology advancements happened followed by rapid adoption. For example, many of the industry players, who preferred on-premises deployment models, are now considering cloud as the de-facto choice.” – Sandeep Gupta, Co-founder &amp; COO of Innovaccer </em><em>[pull quote]</em> <br /><br />Innovaccer, which started as a research collaboration between Harvard and Wharton in 2012, now has over 1,600 hospitals and clinics in the US, and 96,000 clinicians using its products. With its formal launch in 2014, the company chronicled impeccable growth in a short period by working with over 70 top organizations including the likes of NASA. However, the real pivot in the journey came with its decision in 2016 to focus solely on the healthcare sector. <br /><br />“This meant that we let go of 80% of the revenue we had been generating. In hindsight, it was one of the toughest but best decisions we made. We were also quite fortunate to have investors who supported our decisions and vision,” Gupta said.<br /><br /><strong>Helping healthcare providers through <keyword id="771372" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="data-analytics" source="Orion">data analytics</keyword><br /></strong>Innovaccer’s focus is to enable healthcare providers to deliver more efficient and effective care services through unified data and analytics. Its solutions integrate healthcare data from multiple sources, such as electronic health records and other IT systems, into a cloud-native unified data model. This “single source of truth” enables advanced analytics and integrated workflows that improve care and financial outcomes for its customers, helping them achieve their strategic goals. The company works with healthcare providers to generate ROI quickly and accelerate innovation of digital health solutions.<br /><br />“Our goal is to help customers drive better health outcomes at lower costs, while improving the patient experience. Another key aspect is around how can technology improve the care teams’ experience and well-being by lightening their workload through our SaaS offerings. We understand that automating and optimizing as much of the caregivers’ workflows as possible reduces their workload during peaks in demand,” Gupta said.<br /><br /><strong>Making healthcare affordable<br /></strong>Another area where technology plays a crucial role is in reducing the cost in the overall healthcare ecosystem. According to Gupta, <a href="https://innovaccer.com/health-cloud">the company’s SaaS offerings</a> have helped its customers save approximately $1 billion. “Imagine this: 30% of healthcare spending may be considered waste, which means that we still have a lot of work to do in cutting the ‘wastage’ to bring down the cost of care. That’s an exciting opportunity where technology solutions can help,” he said.<br /><br />Gupta also believes that integrating technology with preventive care can significantly reduce hospitalization and bring down the overall cost. Data and analytics can enhance post-acute care and optimize the entire care cycle to enable cost savings for all stakeholders. <br /><br />For example, Innovaccer provides risk stratification through advanced analytics at the point-of-care, to enable providers to identify and deliver the right level of care and services for subgroups of patients. This improves care quality and lowers care costs. Innovaccer also works with dozens of <a href="https://innovaccer.com/partners">partners</a> who provide unique solutions on top of its cloud-native data platform, enabling healthcare providers to quickly add more capabilities, offer more services, and make healthcare more accessible and effective. One example: Its collaboration with <a href="https://www.findhelp.org/">Find Help</a>, the largest community resource search and referral network in the US, which enhances social determinants of health management for Innovaccer’s customers.<br /><br /><strong>Healthcare: The challenge to retain talent<br /></strong>For tech start-ups that plan to focus on the healthcare sector, emphasizes Gupta, there is no shortage of opportunities: “One of the areas where we see a lot of potential for innovation is around optimizing the in-hospital experience for patients. There is also a lot of scope in building pricing transparency into the system. Improving care delivery is another potential area for SaaS companies that are looking at solving healthcare challenges. AI, ML, and NLP can drive a lot of use cases including remote monitoring, hospital-at-home, and so on.”<br /><br />And for this, one crucial aspect is for young start-ups to attract and retain top talent to be successful in this journey. Speaking on why talent retention is a bigger challenge than talent acquisition, Gupta explained that it depended on the culture of the company. “These are a few things that worked for us. Have a customer-first approach and focus on the fact that employees are your internal customers. Build a system that promotes taking risks and launching moon shots that push teams out of their comfort zone, while embracing failure and moving ahead. And as one scales up, it’s critical to cultivate an empathetic and binding culture within the organization,” Gupta said.<br /><em>Disclaimer: This article is generated and published by the Insider Studios team. You can get in touch with them on insiderstudios@businessinsider.in</em><br /><br />

Why data analytics is the solution for healthcare providers in the post-Covid world

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185421.g001">Nagaoka et al, PLoS One, 2017</a></span></p><p class="caption">A diagram of Pacopampa, the site where the bodies examined here were discovered.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><ul><li><strong>Skeletons found at Pacopampa, the site of an ancient Andean civilization in Peru, show signs of ritual violence.</strong></li><li><strong>Archaeologists study violence to better understand how people in ancient societies lived and died.</strong></li><li><strong>In this civilization in the Andes, the researchers think elites may have used violence in religious ceremonies in a way that showed dominance, though there are other possible explanations too.</strong></li></ul><p>Skeletal remains uncovered from a ritual platform <span>in the Peruvian highlands </span>at the site now known as Pacopampa show that people buried there suffered violent injuries, likely as part of ceremonial rituals, <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185421">according to an archaeological study</a> published earlier this month.</p><p>The scientists behind the discovery wrote that it looks like individuals suffered ceremonial blows to the head that fractured their skulls - perhaps willingly - though those blows likely didn't kill them.</p><p>"Given the archaeological context (the remains were recovered from sites of ceremonial practices), as well as the equal distribution of trauma among both sexes and a lack of defensive architecture, it is plausible that rituals, rather than organized warfare or raids, caused most of the exhibited trauma," the authors wrote.</p><p>The question that remains is why.</p><h2>Looking for signs of violence</h2><p>One of the ways that present-day archaeologists try to understand ancient cultures is by looking for signs of violence. Knowing how people were injured or killed reveals conflict with other societies as well as religious and societal behavior.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185421.g001">Nagaoka et al, PLoS One, 2017</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Researchers have been able to learn much about the early civilizations that populated the Andes by studying the violence that occurred there.</p><p>In the remains of people from certain ancient Peruvian civilizations, like the Chinchorro (who lived near the coast from 7,000-1,600 BCE), signs of violence on skeletal remains seem to be the result of conflict.</p><p>Conflict-related trauma tends to be much more common in men than women. It also tends to be clustered on the left side of the head, and individuals may have fractured forearms associated with attempts to block weapons.</p><p>There are signs of human sacrifice dating back as far as 5,000 BCE on the coasts of Peru.</p><p>In the Central Andes, archaeologists knew that construction of public architecture indicating signs of organized societies began as far back as 3,000 BCE. But there has been less evidence of violence found to help shed light on behavior.</p><p>These discoveries at Pacopampa provide new data.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185421.g003">Nagaoka et al, PLOS ONE, 2017</a></span></p><p class="caption">Buried individuals with signs of trauma.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Excavations at Pacopampa began in 1939 and the researchers behind this study have been examining the site for their present research since 2005. From 2005 to 2015, they discovered the remains of 104 people, 66 adults and 38 children, which date back to time periods known as the Middle (1200-800 BCE) and Late (800-500 BCE) Formative Periods.</p><p>Seven of the adult individuals, shown in the photo collage above, were all recovered from the same ceremonial platform of the site and showed signs of trauma to the head, limbs, and elbows.</p><p>Most of the injuries found in these individuals were to the skull. These sorts of injuries "suggest intention and repeated blows to have been the cause, rather than accidents," the authors wrote. There were signs of healing as well, which implies that individuals didn't necessarily die from these injuries, even if they were severe.</p><p>Researchers don't think conflict is what caused the skull trauma here. Pacopampa is a ceremonial and not a defensive site, and these bodies weren't found in living quarters, which would be expected if the individuals had been killed in raids. Plus, there weren't defensive wounds on these bodies. The limb injuries were likely associated with falls throughout life.</p><p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185421.g001">Nagaoka et al, PLoS One, 2017</a></span></p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>Because these particular individuals were buried in places connected to religious rituals, the researchers wrote that ceremonial activity is a likely explanation for their trauma.</p><p>As for the reason why, the researchers can only speculate. Social tension related to food resource shortages led to social stratification and ritual violence in some early civilizations in the Central Andes, the authors wrote, but it's not clear that resource shortages affected Pacopampa at the times these individuals lived. Skeletal remains didn't show signs of nutritional shortages.</p><p>There are some indications that elite individuals in society identified with predatory animals with fierce characteristics, especially big cats like jaguars. The "controlled practice of violence" may have been a way for elites to show their dominance. Over time, the injuries that these individuals suffered became more severe, potentially reflecting stratification between social classes.</p><p>Ritual violence did include human sacrifice in later eras, so researchers wrote the the ritual violence here may reflect the emergence of a hierarchical society. In the early stages, ritual violence associated with the dominance of elites resulted in injury that grew more intense as time went on and that hierarchy was more clearly defined - eventually reaching the point where such rituals ended in death.</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/when-is-harvest-moon-2017-10">What a harvest moon actually is, and what makes tonight's so unusual</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

Researchers have found signs of ritual violence on skeletons from an ancient civilization in the Andes

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/people-who-seemingly-predicted-the-coronavirus-pandemic-2020-3">The coronavirus pandemic</a> will have a long-lasting impact on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gen-z-mental-health-will-deteriorate-social-lives-more-insular-2020-5">Gen Z</a> and the educational landscape, a veteran ed-tech CEO told Business Insider.</li><li>The positives: <keyword id="6355445" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="education">Education</keyword> will see more tutoring, a "flipped classroom," and more adaptive <keyword id="6401954" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="learning">learning</keyword> opportunities in the future.</li><li>The negatives: The pandemic is exaggerating the socioeconomic divide and putting all students at risk of learning loss.</li></ul><p><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-high-school-juniors-could-be-big-losers-coronavirus-pandemic-2020-5">Education</a> may be forever changed for <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-pandemic-effects-dividing-gen-z-into-four-groups-2020-5">Gen Z</a> after the coronavirus pandemic.</p><p>"We'll have reverberations with this generation that we won't even begin to understand for a few years," Charles Thornburgh, a veteran education technology CEO, told Business Insider. </p><p>Thornburgh has spent 25 years building ed-tech businesses, from creating K12 study skills software to founding <a href="https://www.civitaslearning.com/">Civitas Learning</a>, a data company that works with hundreds of universities to improve graduation rates. </p><p>He said he's witnessing stratification between <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pandemic-gen-z-effects-emerging-adulthood-psychology-2020-5">Gen Z</a>'s older cohort (the <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/01/17/where-millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/">oldest turn 23</a> and are already in the workforce) and younger cohort (the youngest turn 8 and are still in elementary school). </p><p>While both cohorts are seeing their schooling upended, it's more of an adjustment for the older half who already have a codified view on how learning happens. Consider the concerns voiced by a dozen Gen Zers Business Insider spoke with, who<em> </em>expressed dissatisfaction with the "technical cluster" of virtual classroom learning: Students stop offering their opinions in video call discussions to avoid talking over each other, some instructors are struggling to adapt to technology, and non-verbal communication cues are easy to miss on camera.</p><p>The younger half, Thornburgh said, are experiencing a smoother transition because they're even more native to the technology being used in a remote classroom. It's less disruptive for them in the short-term, but more change inducing in the long-term — <keyword id="159493" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Gen-Z">Gen Z</keyword>'s expectations for these tools will persist in the future, he said.</p><p>But regardless of age group, Thornburgh is envisioning changes in the K12 landscape across the board. While he sees more upsides than downsides, the negative effects could have steeper ramifications.</p><h2>The future of education will see more peer-to-peer mentoring and adaptive learning </h2><p>Thornburgh said he anticipates positive prolonged effects on education for Gen Z.</p><p>He said that Gen Z, the first digitally native generation, is now expecting even more virtual connectivity with friends and learning materials. Most socialization happens at school and students are trying to fill that void. The pandemic has partially amplified an already strong demand and desire to connect with peers, which Thornburgh said he thinks will lead to more peer-to-peer mentoring and tutoring in the future. </p><p>He also said he anticipates the concept of a "flipped classroom" in which students self-navigate learning content — first consuming the content on their own and then asking questions afterward. It would be a step toward more independent learning in the classroom that enables students to learn at the pace that works best for them.</p><p><div type="image" title="homeschool" height="1667" width="2222" msid="75852372" hostid="261"></div>"When kids don't have to move in lockstep, they can go much faster in some areas more than others, or have special propensity," he said.</p><p>Because of this, Thornburgh said he's expecting a higher demand for adaptive learning opportunities and a rise in adaptive resources going forward. For example, he said, a ninth-grader who autonomously moves at a faster pace may be able to get themselves into 11th-grade math in the future.</p><p>Thornburgh said he expects this to more strongly accelerate the implementation of more motivational and creative structures for students. These are positives both Gen Z and for their parents. "Folks previously hesitant about them have been forced to implement them and see that it's effective," he said.</p><h2>The pandemic is exaggerating the socioeconomic divide in education</h2><p>On the downside, the educational landscape is also witnessing immediate negative repercussions. The pandemic is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sheryl-sandberg-says-coronavirus-is-exacerbating-inequality-in-the-us-2020-4">exaggerating socioeconomic differences</a> in many areas, but the chasm in education is particularly deep.</p><p>Schools help close these inequality divides, Thornburgh said, serving as an equal playing field for kids of different means to converge. "During the school day, that's when kids of different means tend to converge," he said. "They have the same experience despite socioeconomic background, but that time is gone. A huge part of spring semester has become like summer vacation — when kids with little access to resources lose most ground to peers."</p><p>The gulf is also arising out of a digital divide — there's a link between socioeconomic status and internet connectivity, Thornburgh said. For lower-income students, loss of access to school buildings and libraries also means they've lost their only chance of using a quiet study space and computer. Even having one computer at home may not be helpful if students need to share it with a parent working remotely. </p><p><div type="image" title="Homeschooling" height="3405" width="4540" msid="75852377" hostid="261"></div></p><p>But regardless of background, Thornburgh added, all students run the risk of lagging behind academically. "So much of our curriculum tends to be stacked on what's come before," he said. </p><p>He said the massive disruption of canceled testing in the spring semester, coupled with summer vacation, yields lost academics. Worse, he added, is that most skill assessments don't happen until spring so students may not know until a year from now just how academically far behind they are.</p><p>While states and local districts are putting decisions in the hands of parents to continue their child's education, Thornburgh said parents have no data on this decision. "How do we efficiently and effectively remediate this?" he asked. "We need to have some sense of where kids are starting and what they've lost."</p><p>This learning loss can have long-term effects when it comes to getting into college, amplifying the already tired battle for access to equal opportunities. </p><p>"We know access to and completion of college credentials are the best and surest way out of poverty," Thornburgh said. "Kids not on the borderline will have a hard time catching up again."</p>Read the original article on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-coronavirus-pandemic-is-changing-education-future-2020-5">Business Insider</a>

The coronavirus pandemic is creating 2 major problems in education, but there aren't as many downsides as upsides

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_left float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/south_2007/531587311/in/photolist-NYwot-7nFR8S-74xwPq-4Bej1U-7THv3w-77LVan-77QNVd-723cWt-723ceB-77QXcW-77LXjX-73GKEc-77QHqL-77LTac-77LVNn-77QWoq-7nFR8q-7nFR9w-7nGuiU-7nGtcb-oNdHrS-p3FuHo-p3FuG1-77QWVo-77M3C4-4Bej21-oNdvHv-oNdJtw-oNedhf-oNdGUQ-p5Hv9B-oNdH9s-p5s9Sv-oNeioN-oNedvS-p3Ftv3-p5FpZ9-oNdGAo-p3Fuq9-oNeeoy-p5Hraz-p5HuDZ-oNefqn-p5sdoi-oNdKu9-p5s93z-p3FuPW-p3FtKG-p5sbiM-p5s8G4">Flickr / Social_Stratification</a></span></p><p class="caption">Delta State University</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>JACKSON, Miss. (Reuters) - A professor was shot and killed on Monday at Delta State University in Mississippi, a county coroner said, and the school remained locked down after reports of an active shooter on campus.</p><p>The university, located in Cleveland, Mississippi, confirmed a fatality on its Twitter account and asked those on campus to stay inside and away from windows.</p><p>The Bolivar County Coroner <a href="http://www.sunherald.com/2015/09/14/6414159/happening-now-officials-called.html?rh=1">said</a> the shooting victim was <span>Ethan Schmidt, a history professor at Delta State.</span></p><p>The suspect remained on the loose, the Clarion-Ledger newspaper reported, citing the Cleveland Police Department.</p><p>The suspect is believed to have been involved in another fatal shooting in a Gautier, Mississippi home that left one woman dead, the <a href="http://www.sunherald.com/2015/09/14/6414159/happening-now-officials-called.html?rh=1">Sun Herald</a> reported.</p><p>The person of interest in the Gautier shooting is Shannon Lamb, 45, who works in Delta State's social sciences department.</p><p>A representative for the university's communications office said it had no further comment.</p><p>More than 4,000 students are enrolled in the public university, located 120 miles (193 km) northwest of Jackson.</p><p>(Reporting by Therese Apel; Additional reporting by Colleen Jenkins and Suzannah Gonzales; Editing by Susan Heavey and Lisa Lambert)</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/video-watch-the-men-who-overpowered-a-gunman-on-a-paris-train-tell-their-story-2015-8">VIDEO: Watch the men who helped overpower a gunman on a Paris-bound train tell their story</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="Y3aWI1dzo_9gakSg7wefOa5r3L85Rjpk" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Mississippi's Delta State University locked down amid 'active shooter,' professor killed

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>AP Photo/Charles Rex Arbogast</span></p><p class="caption">President Barack Obama delivers his presidential farewell address.</p></div><p></p></div></div>President Barack Obama argued on Tuesday during his farewell speech that America's "retreat" into partisan "bubbles" represents a new "threat to our democracy."</p><p>"For too many of us," Obama said, "it's become safer to retreat into our own bubbles, whether in our neighborhoods or college campuses or places of worship or our social media feeds, surrounded by people who look like us and share the same political outlook and never challenge our assumptions."</p><p>The president continued: "The rise of naked partisanship, increasing economic and regional stratification, the splintering of our media into a channel for every taste - all this makes this great sorting seem natural, even inevitable."</p><p>Obama said that, "increasingly," people "become so secure" in their bubbles that they "accept only information, whether true or not, that fits our opinions, instead of basing our opinions on the evidence that's out there."</p><p>"This trend represents a third threat to our democracy," he declared.</p><p>Obama noted <keyword id="6358883" type="PERSON" weightage="100" keywordseo="Politics">politics</keyword> "is a battle of ideas" and explained that he believes debate is healthy for the Republic.</p><p>"But without some common baseline of facts; without a willingness to admit new information, and concede that your opponent is making a fair point, and that science and reason matter, we'll keep talking past each other, making common ground and compromise impossible," the president said.</p><p>Obama has a history of skewering partisan news organizations, such as <span>conservative talk radio and outlets like Fox News</span>.</p><p>At his year-end press conference in December 2016, for instance, he <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/obama-fake-news-fox-propagandists-2016-12" target="_blank">characterized such media outlets as "domestic propagandists"</a> for supposedly making voters vulnerable to fake news disseminated by foreign governments.</p><p>During the December news conference, Obama argued the nation "better think about how to make sure that our political process, our political dialogue, is stronger than it's been."</p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/inside-white-house-barack-obama-michelle-live-malia-sasha-executive-residence-bedroom-2016-12">Take a look inside the executive residence of the White House where the Obamas have lived for the last 8 years</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="xnNGpuODE6dX6WEnTLnmB-l6zEGtWxLo" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

OBAMA: America's retreat into partisan 'bubbles' represents 'threat to our democracy'

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>As he <a href="http://www.lessig.org/2015/08/why-i-want-to-run/">announced on Tuesday</a>, hyper-influential <a href="http://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/directory/10519/Lessig">Harvard law professor Lawrence Lessig</a> is planning&#xa0;to run for president.<p>If he makes it to the White House, <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/lawrence-lessig-wants-to-run-for-president-in-a-most-unconventional-way/">he says</a>, he'll resign as soon as his number one issue - money in politics - is addressed.</p><p>&#xa0;Lessig&#xa0;is framing himself as a <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/lawrence-lessig-wants-to-run-for-president-in-a-most-unconventional-way/">"referendum president,"</a>&#xa0;with money in politics as&#xa0;the topic being voted on.&#xa0;</p><p>He <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/lawrence-lessig-wants-to-run-for-president-in-a-most-unconventional-way/">says he'll resign as soon as reforms are enacted, handing&#xa0;the presidency to a like-minded candidate such as&#xa0;Elizabeth Warren or Bernie Sanders</a>.&#xa0;</p><p>As Lessig&#xa0;told Tech Insider at the <a href="http://www.ideas-city.org/">Ideas City</a> conference in May, he's not concerned with the eye-glazing frame of&#xa0;<em>campaign finance reform</em>.</p><p>For Lessig, who has garnered a following through <a href="http://www.ted.com/talks/lawrence_lessig_we_the_people_and_the_republic_we_must_reclaim?language=en">TED Talks</a> and <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Republic-Lost-Money-Corrupts-Congress--/dp/0446576441/ref=asap_bc?ie=UTF8">books</a>, money in politics is in fact&#xa0;the biggest <em>civil rights issue</em> of our time, because only a tiny subset of the population has the dough to select which candidates get the financing to pursue the White House.</p><p>Lessig has a name for the way the way candidates court the ultra-rich for huge donations, thus bending the democratic process to their will: the green primary.&#xa0;</p><p>"We've allowed a system to evolve for funding elections that shifts the critical power in our political process to the funders of campaigns&#xa0;- and those funders of campaigns are not all of us," he says.&#xa0;</p><p>Lessig, a legal scholar turned political activist, has already shown that he can&#xa0;affect structural change. He helped to bring the <a href="http://creativecommons.org/tag/lawrence-lessig">Creative Commons licensing program</a> into the world, which allows intellectual property to be shared and remixed across media.&#xa0;</p><p>He&#xa0;says that because of the way that money plays kingmaker, huge swaths of the American population are taken out of the democratic process. To Lessig, it's directly comparable to the status of black Americans before the Civil Rights Movement.&#xa0;</p><p>Of course, today's social&#xa0;stratification is much less outwardly visible&#xa0;than in the 1950s. As Lessig says,&#xa0;<em>whites-only</em>&#xa0;send a clear signal of &#xa0;'you are not equal.' But today, even if people have a sense that democracy isn't working, it's not always obvious that inequality is the source.</p><p>"When they had a <a href="https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/wdw01">white primary</a> in Texas, where the law said, blacks can't vote in the democratic primary, there it was on paper," Lessig says.</p><p>"You could see in this stage, that you can't participate, and that inability to participate defined the inequality. Well, there's no piece of paper that says, 'poor people can't participate in the green primary.' But they can't. But there's nothing that say they can't, everybody is formally free to write a check for $5,000 to their favorite congressional candidate, like that's freedom that's given to everybody. but that freedom is worthless to 99% of America, because they don't have the money to write a $5,000 check to their local congressman."</p><p>For this reason, Lessig maintains that America is largely a "desert of democracy": representatives that actual represent the interests of their constituencies aren't present in most places,&#xa0;except for a few&#xa0;"oases" with public financing.&#xa0;&#xa0;</p><p>He cites New York City, <a href="https://www.brennancenter.org/publication/small-donor-matching-funds-nyc-election-experience">which has a public funding system for matching small donations,</a> as an example, as well as <a href="http://ctmirror.org/2014/07/02/a-primer-on-public-financing-of-campaigns-in-connecticut/">Connecticut</a> and <a href="http://www.maine.gov/ethics/mcea/">Maine</a>, both states with public funding for state legislature and statewide offices.</p><p>In places with public funding, candidates are required to take most of their campaign funds from the state rather than private donors. Maine, <a href="http://www.maine.gov/ethics/mcea/">which passed its public funding act in 1996</a>, has a system where candidates who choose to participate&#xa0;only accept limited amounts of private donations at the start of their campaigns before they start receiving funds from the state - after which they can't receive further private donations.&#xa0;</p><p>"Those are states where 80% of elected representatives opt into public funding, republicans and democrats alike," he says. "What that means is they're not having their campaigns funded by this tiny, tiny fraction of the state. It's funded by everybody. So we have islands, oases in this desert, but most people don't know about it, don't think about, don't see it. So they don't see the way the default creates this inequality."</p><p>Thus the presidential bid.</p><p>As the Washington Post <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/08/11/lawrence-lessig-wants-to-run-for-president-in-a-most-unconventional-way/">reports</a>, if Lessig wins, the sole focus&#xa0;would be to pass the <a href="https://lessigforpresident.com/the-act/">Citizens Equality Act</a>, a package&#xa0;that would, among other things, put a public funding system into place. &#xa0;</p><p>And with that, Lessig argues, we'd get closer to a democracy.</p><p>"The reason I've been driven to this is the constant 'emperor wears no clothes' feeling about this election,"&#xa0;<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2015/08/10/lawrence-lessig-to-explore-a-run-for-president-as-a-democrat/">Lessig told the New York Times.</a>&#xa0;"We need a plan for unrigging the system first, and none of [the other candidates]&#xa0;have given us that plan."</p><p>Watch Lessig's campaign video below.</p><p>&#xa0;<div></div></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/the-exciting-trailer-for-the-man-from-uncle-2015-7">This exciting 60s spy movie puts the CIA and KGB together in the same mission</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="JtczQ2djqKLztcjbEDpypZCGJ-11pjEx" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Superstar Harvard Law professor Lawrence Lessig wants to run for president - and he told us why

<p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;"><div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Larry Downing</span></p></div><p></p></div>AMERICANS are deeply divided as to whether widening inequality is a problem, let alone what the government should do about it. Some are appalled that Bill Gates has so much money; others say good luck to him. But nearly everyone agrees that declining social mobility is a bad thing. Barack Obama's state-of-the-union speech on January 28th dwelt on how America's "ladders of opportunity" were failing (see "Barack Obama: The state of the president"). Paul Ryan and Marco Rubio, two leading Republicans, recently gave speeches decrying social immobility and demanding more effort to ensure poor people who work hard can better their lot.</span></p>
<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image"><p class="source"><span>The Economist</span></p></div><p></p></div></div>Just as the two sides have found something to agree on, however, a new study suggests the conventional wisdom may be wrong. Despite huge increases in inequality, America may be no less mobile a society than it was 40 years ago.</p>
<p>The study, by a clutch of economists at Harvard University and the University of California, Berkeley, is far bigger than any previous effort to measure social mobility. The economists crunch numbers from over 40m tax returns of people born between 1971 and 1993 (with all identifying information removed). They focus on mobility between generations and use several ways to measure it, including the correlation of parents' and children's income, and the odds that a child born into the bottom fifth of the income distribution will climb all the way up to the top fifth.</p>
<p>They find that none of these measures has changed much (see chart). In 1971 a child from the poorest fifth had an 8.4% chance of making it to the top quintile. For a child born in 1986 the odds were 9%. The study confirms previous findings that America's social mobility is low compared with many European countries. (In Denmark, a poor child has twice as much chance of making it to the top quintile as in America.) But it challenges several smaller recent studies that concluded that America had become less socially mobile.</p>
<p>This result has caused a huge stir, not least because it runs counter to public perceptions. A recent Gallup poll found that only 52% of Americans think there is plenty of opportunity for the average Joe to get ahead, down from 81% in 1998. It also jars with other circumstantial evidence. Several studies point to widening gaps between rich and poor in the kinds of factors you would expect to influence mobility, such as the quality of schools or parents' investment of time and money in their children. Cross-country analyses also suggest there is an inverse relationship between income inequality and social mobility--a phenomenon that has become known as the "Great Gatsby" curve.</p>
<p>What is going on? One possibility is that social stratification takes time to become entrenched. In a new book, Gregory Clark, an economic historian at the University of California, Davis, who tracks mobility over hundreds of years by following surnames, reaches far more pessimistic conclusions (see "Social mobility: Have and have not"). Another, sunnier, explanation is that even as income gaps have widened over the past 30 years, other barriers to mobility, such as discrimination against women and blacks, have fallen.</p>
<p>Most likely, the answer lies in the nature of America's inequality, whose main characteristic is the soaring share of overall income going to the top 1% (from 10% in 1980 to 22% in 2012). The correlation between vast wealth accruing to a tiny elite and the ability of people to move between the rest of the rungs of the income ladder may be small--at least for now.</p>
<p>Whatever the explanation, it would be unwise to take much comfort from this study. For a start, since the gap between top and bottom has widened, the consequences of an accident of birth have become bigger. Second, if the gains of growth are going mostly to those at the top, that bodes ill for those whose skills are less in demand. Many economists worry that living standards for the non-elite will stagnate for a long time.</p>
<h3>Is your town a launchpad or a swamp?</h3>
<p>Third, although social mobility has not changed much over time, it varies widely from place to place. In a second paper, the economists crunch their tax statistics by region. They find that the probability of a child born into the poorest fifth of the population in San Jose, California making it to the top is 12.9%, not much lower than in Denmark. In Charlotte, North Carolina it is 4.4%, far lower than anywhere else in the rich world.</p>
<p>This geographic prism also offers some pointers on what influences mobility. The economists found five factors that were correlated with differences in social mobility in different parts of America: residential segregation (whether by income or race); the quality of schooling; family structure (eg, how many children live with only one parent); "social capital" (such as taking part in community groups); and inequality (particularly income gaps among those outside the top 1%). Social mobility is higher in integrated places with good schools, strong families, lots of community spirit and smaller income gaps within the broad middle class. Not a bad agenda for politicians to push, if only they knew how.</p>
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Class In America: Mobility, Measured 

‘Of the people, by the people, for the people’-- the basic structure of <keyword id="6354914" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Democracy">democracy</keyword>, but look closely and you’ll find-- since the inception of this ideology nothing has been given to people except promises and beliefs.<br />
Our folks lived under a system where compulsion and restraint were more straightforward, and now that it has gone up against a milder structure, we are required to acknowledge it from birth. Can any anyone explain why we will be a poorer generation than the past ones, without their having been a war in the middle? The blame lies with the hopeless transformations forced by the system.<br />
<br />
The system argues to be founded on "free association," yet it is not free, from birth we are compelled to be a part of this administration and have no possibility of picking any other way of life. We don't "freely associate" with the educational institutions, since other ways of learning are prohibited. Furthermore, there's no "free association" required at work, since we don't control what we create, choose our own particular working hours, or have the liberated right to sort out with our collaborators.<br />
<br />
It’s generally been said that the vote is free, yet in truth the decision is constrained, in light of the fact that consciousness is not free, but rather subject to the propaganda of the ruling regime and the mores promoted by the groups in power. It is likewise freedom-denying so far, seeing that it diminishes us to only giving our two pennies, yes or no, or saying which party we think ought to control us, which denies us the possibility of developing other possible ways of living together.<br />
<br />
<strong>Regimes &amp; Democracy</strong><br />
<br />
Roman citizens chose agents to head up a multifaceted bureaucracy. As the Roman domain extended and riches overwhelmed, small farmers lost their foothold and gigantic quantities of the seized wealth overflowed the capital; distress constrained the Republic to stretch out voting rights to more extensive portions of the populace, yet political incorporation did little to neutralize the monetary stratification of Roman society. This sounds shockingly well known.<br />
<br /> The Roman Republic came to an end when <keyword id="241327" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Julius-Caesar">Julius Caesar</keyword> seized power; from that point on, Rome was ruled by kings. However almost nothing changed for the Romans. The bureaucracy, the military, the economy, and the courts kept on working the same.<br />
This story has been rehashed over and over. In the French unrest of 1848, the temporary government's administrator of police entered the workplace abandoned by the ruler's consul of police and took up the same papers his forerunner had recently set down. In the twentieth century moves from autocracy to democracy in Greece, Spain, and Chile,and all the more as of late in Tunisia and Egypt, social developments that ousted despots needed to continue battling against the extremely same police under the democratic regime. This is kratos, what some have called the Deep State, persisting starting with one regime then onto the next.<br />
<br />
Laws, courts, prisons, armed forces, police—the greater part of the instruments of coercive force that we consider abusive in a dictatorship or monarchy, work the same in a democracy. However when we're allowed to cast votes about who oversees them, we’re supposed to take them as ours, even when they're used against us. This is considerable accomplishment of more than two centuries of democratic upheavals: rather than annulling the methods by which rulers administered, they rendered those methods popular.<br />
<br />
<strong>Democracy &amp; Slavery</strong><br />
<br /> The attention on consideration and rejection is sufficiently clear at the beginning of modern democracy in <keyword id="3220495" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rousseau">Rousseau</keyword>'s "Of the Social Contract", in which he underscores that there is no difference between democracy and slavery. The more "wrongdoers" are in chains, he recommends, the more immaculate the <keyword id="6356439" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="freedom">freedom</keyword> of the subjects. Freedom for the wolf is death for the lamb, as <keyword id="1072061" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Isaiah-Berlin">Isaiah Berlin</keyword> later put it. The zero-aggregate origination of freedom communicated in this representation is the establishment of the talk of rights conceded and ensured by the state. In other words: for natives to be free, the state must have extreme authority and the capacity to practice complete control. The state looks to deliver sheep, holding the position of wolf for itself.<br />
<br />
By complexity, on the off chance that we comprehend freedom as total, the freedom of one individual turns into the freedom of all: it is not just an issue of being secured by the powers, however of crossing with each other in a way that expands the potential outcomes for everybody. In this system, the more that coercive power is brought together, the less freedom there can be. Along these lines of imagining freedom is social rather than individualistic: it approaches liberty as an aggregately delivered relationship to our potential, not a static rise of private rights.<br />
<br />
<strong>Are you really free?</strong><br />
<br />
In democracy we leave the safeguard of our interests, the fulfilment of our needs, and the association of human relations and life, in the hands of others. It is expected that by voting we pick the individuals who we think will best speak to our interests, however that doesn't fit with reality: The political parties in certainty just speak to their own particular advantages, as indicated by the standards, they themselves build up, looking to ascend to the statures of political and monetary power in order to keep up their predominance and impact over whatever is left of society.<br />
<br /> What was the basic need of a government? Social equality, economic stability and peace? Here, we are at a point where equality has become a dream, where economic instability is at its zenith and peace is internal. Today, world’s richest 85 people (politicians and corporate) own more than over 3.5 billion people. In a survey by CNN, they quoted- “World’s richest 2% control 98% of the economy.” Peace has been overrated-- the superpower declaring war on countries, making <keyword id="6354913" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Syria">Syria</keyword> a shooting zone (where people are actually gathering to PURGE). Even if 10 percent of the population votes, they’ll have a majority and sir, you’ll have no say.<br />
<br /> Democracy does not assure correct decisions. "The only thing special about majorities is that they are not minorities," explained <keyword id="3552117" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="lorance-lomasky">Lorance Lomasky</keyword> (an American Philospher). There is no strength in numbers, or rather; there is nothing but strength in numbers. Parties, families, corporations, unions, nearly all voluntary associations are, by choice, oligarchic. Indeed, in assemblies whether direct or representative, in electorates as in legislatures, the whole is less—even less—than the sum of its parts. It is even mathematically demonstrable (but not by me) that majority decision-making generates inefficient, socially wasteful, more or less self-defeating decisions.<br />
<br />
The psychology of the ekklesia (assembly) is the psychology of the agora (marketplace): "Voters and customers are essentially the same individuals. Mr. Smith purchases and votes; he is the same man in the supermarket and the voting booth"- Gordon Tullock, Economist. Capitalism and majority rule government rose to predominance together as the objectives of the same class, the bourgeoisie. Together they made a typical universe of egotistical individualism—a field of rivalry, not a field of collaboration.<br />
<br />
<strong>The Philosophy of Democracy</strong><br />
<br /> Democracy, like litigation, is an ill-disposed idea: “Majority rule belongs to a combat theory of politics. It is a contest between opposing forces, and the outcome is victory for one side and defeat for the other" said <keyword id="3552116" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="james-fitzjames-stephen">James Fitzjames Stephen</keyword> (lawyer, judge &amp; writer). Indeed, as Georg Simmel saw, majority rule is really what might as well be called power. "We agree to try strength by counting heads instead of breaking heads. The minority gives way not because it is convinced that it is wrong, but because it is convinced that it is a minority." Literally facing a rival publicly may incite animosity, outrage, and competitive emotions<br />
<br />
In a winner-take-all system there is no motivating force to repay or pacify crushed minorities, who have been told, that not only they’ll not get their way, they are additionally trashed as wrong. The unaccountable majority is pompous; the crushed minority is angry. Coercive voting advances polarization and solidifies positions. Thoughts can convey contrasts to the surface, augmenting instead of narrowing them. These outcomes, quieted in systems of huge scale, secret voting in not very successive elections, are highlighted in the envisioned shared blend of small electorates, to a great degree continuous election, and public voting. Citizens will take their hostilities and ulcers home with them and act them out in regular life. Elections are undesirable all around, but nowhere would they be more disparaging of community than in face-to-face assemblies and environs.<br />
<br /> Is democracy regardless the best form of government? Its hypothesis is reducible to ruins in a couple pages. Believers assert that democracy promotes dialogue, but where is the dialogue about democracy itself? Democrats disregard their commentators; as though democracy is such a done deal, why try to defend it? They simply underestimate it -- that some people (Locke? Rousseau? Lincoln? <keyword id="6580226" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Churchill">Churchill</keyword>?) gave extraordinary reasons for its existence, but no one ever did. That is the reason you didn't learn it in school. You were just made to accept. The contentions for democracy—which isn't regularly explained—is so imperfect and unstable, some of them even so senseless, that devout democrats may be startled.

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