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<ul class="summary-list"><li><strong>The <keyword id="2991700" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="ChallengeAccepted">#ChallengeAccepted</keyword> trend went viral on <keyword id="819905" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Instagram">Instagram</keyword> last week, encouraging women to post black-and-white selfies supporting female empowerment.</strong></li><li><strong>Critics called it an example of <keyword id="3091930" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="slacktivism">slacktivism</keyword> and an excuse for self-promotion, but others defended it as a well-meaning challenge.</strong></li><li><strong>The debate is similar to the discourse around June's #BlackoutTuesday trend. But while this one has inadvertently brought attention to a worthwhile cause, the latter inadvertently drowned out important information within the #blacklivesmatter hashtag about the movement and protests.</strong></li><li><strong>Ultimately, arguing about the intentions behind #ChallengeAccepted shifts attention away from its original message of women supporting women and divides people on the goal that unites them.</strong></li></ul><p>"Challenge accepted," wrote actress Kerry Washington <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CDHx2YmH0I5/">in a recent Instagram post</a>. "I am awed by the power of women loving each other and lifting each other up!!!!!"</p><p>Washington's selfie is one of <a href="https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/challengeaccepted/">6.5 million #ChallengeAccepted Instagram posts</a>, part of a viral Instagram challenge that spread like wildfire last week among celebrities, influencers, and the non-famous alike. The trend encouraged women to post black-and-white selfies accompanied by the hashtag #womensupportingwomen, which has <a href="https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/womensupportingwomen/">8.5 million hashtags</a> as of Friday morning, as a means of female empowerment.</p><p>The challenge just as quickly devolved into a heated debate that has drawn comparisons to the performative activism of #BlackoutTuesday. Many <a href="https://twitter.com/AllieLeFevere/status/1287996150256209920?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1287996150256209920%7Ctwgr%5E&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glamour.com%2Fstory%2Fchallenge-accepted-on-instagram-why-black-and-white-selfies-are-all-over-your-feedfeed">criticized it</a> as a form of slacktivism (supporting a cause through <keyword id="6354632" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="social-media">social media</keyword> without truly impacting social change) and self-promotion (a vain excuse to post a selfie). Others <a href="https://twitter.com/amandaseales/status/1287989840814862336">rushed to its defense</a>, arguing that it's senseless to get upset about what's supposed to be an inspiring challenge.</p><p>The debate has become a microcosm of the online infighting that weakens political parties and social justice movements. But debating whether it was right or wrong to participate in this particular challenge is less productive than focusing on the challenge's intention. While the #ChallengeAccepted trend may not be effective enough to be considered activism, participating isn't harming anyone — and it is spreading awareness.</p><h2><strong>The secrecy surrounding</strong> the origins of<strong> #ChallengeAccepted helped foster the debate over it</strong></h2><p>The #ChallengeAccepted trend isn't new. </p><p>It circulated back in 2016 to advocate for cancer awareness, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/27/style/challenge-accepted-instagram.html">The New York Times' Taylor Lorenz reported</a>. But as the hashtag regained momentum in 2020, so did confusion over its origins and purpose.</p><p>A public relations and influencer marketing manager told Lorenz that Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-ted-yoho-verbal-abuse-floor-speech-daughters-2020-7">recent condemnation of Rep. Ted Yoho's sexist remarks</a> sparked a flood of feminist, female-empowered social media posts. An Instagram representative also told Lorenz that the resurgence of the challenge in the US can be traced back to a mid-July post from Brazilian journalist Ana Paula Padräo, who <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CCxGfzTBmXP/?utm_source=ig_embed">shared a black-and-white photo</a> accompanied by the #womensupportingwomen hashtag with her 1 million followers.</p><p>The challenge gained popularity at the same time as a popular Turkish social-media activism trend to support the Istanbul Convention as femicides continue in the country. But a representative for the Council of Europe, the human rights agency that wrote the Istanbul Convention in 2011, <a href="https://www.insider.com/challenge-accepted-instagram-trend-turkey-istanbul-convention-2020-7">told Insider's Rachel Greenspan</a> that the council has no knowledge of the Instagram challenge being connected to their work.</p><p>This confusion helped propel the judgy fodder about online activism and how to best be a feminist. </p><h2>Online infighting only weakens goals, whether those goals are political or feminist</h2><p>The backlash to the #ChallengeAccepted debate is the latest incarnation of the liberal infighting that came to a head during the 2016 election, when Sen. Bernie Sanders entered the scene. The Bernie vs. Hillary battle pitted progressives against liberals, an issue acknowledged by both Republicans and Democrats alike. </p><p>The divide deepened after Trump's victory, which political commentator Noah Rothman said <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/trump-s-victory-has-divided-democratic-party-down-middle-ncna818211">split the Democratic party</a> in half. Since then, it's been one disagreement after another for liberals. There was the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/07/13/house-democrats-racially-charged-infighting-escalates/">racially charged feud</a> between Ocasio Cortez and Nancy Pelosi. Some Democrats <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/18/us/politics/how-democrats-voted-on-impeaching-trump.html">weren't united on Trump's impeachment</a>. And with the <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/784be330-4281-11ea-a43a-c4b328d9061c">2020 election</a> months away, Democrats are still divided on the best candidate to run against Trump, mulling over whether they should elect a progressive or moderate from their <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/us/politics/2020-presidential-candidates.html">original pool of 28 candidates</a>.</p><p>A <a href="https://news.gallup.com/poll/284360/democrats-viewed-divided-satisfied-candidates.aspx">February 2020 Gallup poll</a> found that 65% of Americans think the Democratic party is divided, compared to 43% of Americans who view the Republican party as divided. </p><p>The September 2019 Democratic presidential debate <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/more-united-vsa-house-divided-gop-goes-all-in-on-trump-while-democrats-clash-over-ideology-and-tactics/2019/09/14/264ab7de-d704-11e9-ab26-e6dbebac45d3_story.html">exposed these ideological divisions</a>. As Sen. Amy Klobuchar warned her fellow bickering Democrats, "a house divided cannot stand."</p><p>To be fair, infighting is not unique to liberals. Republicans have been <a href="https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2017/08/29/republicans-divided-in-views-of-trumps-conduct-democrats-are-broadly-critical/">divided on Trump's actions</a> since he took office, from his <a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/02/16/national-emergency-donald-trump-republicans-divided-going-into-2020/2879232002/">national emergency declaration</a> to build a border wall to <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/23/us/trump-republicans-coronavirus-stimulus.html">his handling of a pandemic recovery proposal</a>. A YouGov poll found that they're <a href="https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2018/04/16/republicans-are-less-divided-on-cultural-issues-than-democrats-are">less unified on economic issues</a> than Democrats.</p><p>But as digital-savvy millennials and Gen Z take their <keyword id="6358883" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="politics">politics</keyword> to the internet, online activism has become yet another issue dividing liberals.</p><p>"A lot of online activism has veered from the initial motivation of caring about others and become about petty fighting about language, 'cancelling celebrities' and creating a rigid mold of how everyone should behave," <a href="https://bylinetimes.com/2019/07/30/young-people-need-to-transform-performative-activism-on-social-media-into-real-action-offline/">wrote Molly Greeves for the Byline Times</a>. "This brand of liberalism encourages an all-or-nothing attitude where people's intentions mean nothing."</p><p>Debate like this contributes to an online atmosphere that Greeves calls "weirdly vindictive and competitive, more focused on who is the most 'woke' and not on helping people."</p><p>"Ladies, instead of posting that hot black-and-white selfie, why don't we ease into feminism with something low stakes, like cutting off your friend who's an abuser?" <a href="https://twitter.com/alanalevinson/status/1287818379818971136">tweeted MEL Magazine editor Alana Levinson</a>.</p><p>Such infighting, both online and off, can cause political parties and activist movements to <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/brain-flapping/2016/mar/21/ids-trump-corbyn-psychology-political-parties-infighting">fall apart</a>. Arguing about how to achieve the goal that unites them (in this case, feminism) only divides people when they should be uniting.</p><h2><strong>It's similar to the backlash #BlackoutTuesday received, but participating in #ChallengeAccepted didn't have negative consequences</strong></h2><p>It's true that the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-anti-racism-how-to-be-anti-racist-2020-6">difference between an ally and an activist</a> is action. But as <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/7/30/21348162/instagram-challenge-accepted-turkish-womens-rights-controversy">Rebecca Jennings of Vox wrote</a> regarding #BlackoutTuesday, "There are conflicting directives on how to be a good ally."</p><p>Look no further than June's #BlackoutTuesday, when Instagram users posted a black square to show their solidarity with the Black Lives Matter Movement. People were quick to decry it as performative activism and for <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2020/6/2/21277852/blackout-tuesday-posts-hiding-information-blm-black-lives-matter-hashtag">being counterproductive</a> in clogging Instagram feeds and drowning out important information about the movement.</p><p>While the #ChallengeAccepted trend didn't have negative consequences, the controversy surrounding it is similar, with a call for real action over performative activism.</p><p>Fellow Vox writer <a href="https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2020/7/30/21348162/instagram-challenge-accepted-turkish-womens-rights-controversy">Terry Ngyuen</a> explains further, "People are unsure about what's appropriate to post, but they also want to feel like they're contributing rather than doing nothing at all." But posting is met with tone policing, she said. "No one wants to be publicly shamed for what they post, which has led many to feel like they should seek permission or acknowledgment before speaking on a certain matter."</p><p>This uncertainty, and the shaming discourse that surrounds it, has inverted the challenge's meaning. What began as a way for women to support other women ended with women criticizing other women for their participation.</p><h2><strong>The endless debate detracts from the good: spreading awareness</strong></h2><p>Arguing about whether one's participation in a social media challenge with a cause is an act of self-promotion changes the discourse entirely by shifting attention away from its original message.</p><p>There is a way to educate people about the origin of a campaign without unilaterally calling it vapid and accusing those who participate in it of being inauthentic. The mysterious origins of #ChallengeAccepted led to some participants self-promoting. But others genuinely thought it was a "women supporting women" challenge with no deeper purpose or meaning. </p><p>Activism creates the most social change, but as Greta Thunberg said at Davos this year, <a href="https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/thunberg-tells-davos-climate-awareness-is-only-first-step-120012100559_1.html">awareness is the first step</a>. And the #ChallengeAccepted trend, however unintentional, has <a href="https://www.insider.com/challenge-accepted-instagram-trend-turkey-istanbul-convention-2020-7">led to increased awareness</a> of Turkish femicide. While many post about causes on social media as feel-good activism, the discourse criticizing this overlooks the value of spreading awareness that can come from these posts.</p>

Fighting over whether the Instagram 'challenge accepted' trend is self-promoting and hollow distracts from the real point of the challenge

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A viral <keyword id="819905" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Instagram">Instagram</keyword> challenge spread around the world, encouraging women to post black-and-white photos of themselves to show support for women. </li><li>As the "challenge accepted" trend continued to spread, so did confusion over the origins or purpose of the challenge, which gained popularity at the same time as a popular Turkish social-media <keyword id="761056" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Activism">activism</keyword> trend to support the <keyword id="9666935" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="istanbul-convention">Istanbul Convention</keyword>. </li><li>The Istanbul Convention is a treaty by the Council of Europe that fights for an end to violence against women. As <keyword id="9666934" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="femicides">femicides</keyword> continue in the country, some activists are concerned that Turkish officials have expressed an interest in pulling out of the treaty. </li><li>Representatives for the Council of Europe and Instagram both were unsure if the Turkish trend was related to the global "women supporting women" challenge, but Instagram noted that the recent uptick in the "Challenge Accepted" trend appeared to come from a post by a Brazilian journalist unrelated to <keyword id="6372909" type="LOCATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="turkey">Turkey</keyword>.</li><li>Despite the possibility that the two trends are unrelated, the "challenge accepted" trend appears to have led to increased awareness of the Turkish movement. </li></ul><p>A viral challenge on Instagram encouraging women to post photos of themselves to show support for other women has evolved into mass social-media confusion and led to clashing narratives over the challenge's true origins. </p><p>The "challenge accepted" trend, which called for women to share black-and-white pictures of themselves to show vague support of women, spread mostly on Monday. As of Wednesday morning, there are more than 5.5 million posts on Instagram using the <a href="https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/challengeaccepted/?hl=en">hashtag</a>, including pictures from celebrities like Khloe Kardashian, Gabrielle Union, and Vanessa Bryant. </p><p>As <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/27/style/challenge-accepted-instagram.html">Taylor Lorenz of The New York Times</a> wrote, the trend spread like chain mail, as participants tagged other women encouraging them to post their black-and-white images. Similar "challenge accepted" challenges have gone viral on social-media on multiple occasions, including the 2016 #ChallengeAccepted trend advocating for cancer awareness, Lorenz noted. As many women participated in the challenge, <a href="https://twitter.com/alanalevinson/status/1287818379818971136">others criticized it</a> as a form of slacktivism.</p><p>The challenge was popularized at the same time as a similar black-and-white photo trend in Turkey, as many protest the <a href="http://femicide-watch.org/readers/must-knows-femicide">high rate of femicides</a>, or <a href="https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/77421/WHO_RHR_12.38_eng.pdf?sequence=1">murders of women</a>, in the country. Last week, the remains of 27-year-old student Pınar Gültekin were found in Turkey, after she was allegedly beaten and strangled to death by a former partner. Gültekin's killing sparked outrage throughout the nation and on social-media. The news of Gültekin's murder comes after the rate of femicides has increased in recent years, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/23/turkey-outrage-rising-violence-against-women">according to the Guardian</a>. </p><p>Some officials in Turkey have expressed interest in pulling out of the Istanbul Convention, a treaty by the Council of Europe that fights for an end to violence against women. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's conservative party has "tried to roll back legislation politicians say threaten traditional family values," the <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/23/turkey-outrage-rising-violence-against-women">Guardian</a> reported. A representative for the Council of Europe, the human rights agency that wrote the Istanbul Convention in 2011, told Insider that while the council has no knowledge of the Instagram challenge being connected to their work, posts on social media do help support the missions of the convention. </p><p>As more people who participated in the challenge learned about the situation in Turkey, many were quick to edit their captions and show support, despite the lack of clear connection. The current resurgence of the challenge in the US and elsewhere can be traced back to a mid-July post from Brazilian journalist Ana Paula Padräo, according to a representative for Instagram. Padrao's post only used the #WomenSupportingWomen hashtag. </p><p>Zeycan Rochelle Yildirim, who works in education development for a private foundation and lives in Istanbul, told Insider she noticed the black-and-white photos circulating just one day after the trend had popularized in her own community with two Turkish hashtags, #ChallengeAccepted and #WomenSupportingWomen. "Initially I was confused," she said of seeing Americans participate in the challenge without a connection to the Turkish movement. "I felt a little bit sad that the message was being lost."</p><p>Yildirim said that the idea of sharing a black-and-white picture to show support for Turkish women made sense because when women are killed in femicides, it's often black-and-white photos of the victim that are shared on social-media. </p><p>Still, as Instagram feeds began to fill up with information about femicides and the Istanbul Convention, many celebrities who had participated in the challenge edited their posts to show support for Turkish women. Actress Florence Pugh added in her caption that she'd been told that the challenge was meant to "'shed light onto the Istanbul Convention, women are being subjected to violence and this convention is to end forgiveness for the attacker/murderers.' With that in mind, adjust your hashtags if you didn't already do so." </p><p>Regardless of the challenge's true origins — and the intentions of <keyword id="6356001" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="international">international</keyword> participants — Yildirim said she's glad more people are learning about the Istanbul Convention. "I think if we have enough pressure from international media, maybe we can get more justice for women who are abused in these cases," she said, adding that the pressure might stop the Turkish government from pulling out of the convention. </p><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/instagram-quarantine-pillow-dress-challenge-2020-4">I tried the pillow challenge that's popular on Instagram and it was the most fun I've had in weeks</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/fashion-challenges-on-instagram-and-tik-tok-2020-4">10 fashion challenges on social media that will serve as a fun distraction</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/wayfair-human-trafficking-conspiracy-theory-tied-to-qanon-2020-7">How the Wayfair human-trafficking conspiracy theory grew out of QAnon</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/freebritney-britney-spears-conspiracy-theory-explained-2020-7">The campaign to 'free' Britney Spears is gaining steam again after celebrities voice concern over conspiracy theory</a></li></ul>

How the 'challenge accepted' Instagram trend went from hollow slacktivism to a campaign to raise awareness about Turkish femicide

<p><em><em><em><strong><keyword id="1737805" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Social-Media-Insights">Social Media Insights</keyword></strong> is a daily newsletter from <strong>Business Insider</strong> that collects and delivers the top <keyword id="6354632" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Social-media">social media</keyword> news first thing every morning. You can <strong><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/newsletter">sign up</a></strong> to receive <strong>Social Media Insights</strong> <strong><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/newsletter">here</a></strong> or at the bottom of this post.</em></em></em></p>

<p><strong><a href="http://earnedweb.com/likes-and-follows-dont-mean-a-thing-without-action/">Likes And Followers Don't Mean Anything Without Action</a> (Earned Web)</strong><br /><span>UNICEF is currently running a brilliant <keyword id="6354576" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Facebook">Facebook</keyword> campaign that focuses on the inaction that is often observed in social media campaigns. It tells users that it has nothing against "likes," but that only cash donations can really help them vaccinate children. It delightfully pokes at the online media phenomenon, "Slacktivism." </span>Michael Brito, senior vice president at Edelman, said, "So many people are open to 'like', 'share' and 'comment' for social issues and it makes sense. Things like this play on our emotions. But how many of us actually put our money where our mouths is and help change the world. Very few." <a href="http://earnedweb.com/likes-and-follows-dont-mean-a-thing-without-action/">Read &gt;</a></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://news.techworld.com/networking/3444044/report-facebook-and-twitter-dont-change-the-american-political-status-quo/">Facebook And Twitter Don't Change Political Status Quo</a> (Pew Research via Tech World)</strong><br />Social media has yet to show its supposed promise as a great leveler of American democracy, according to a new study from the Pew Research Center , which found that sharp divisions in political participation among socioeconomic groups persist despite the presence of Facebook and <keyword id="6354616" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Twitter">Twitter</keyword>. Although political activity on <keyword id="6379342" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Social-Networking">social networking</keyword> sites as a whole increased dramatically between 2008 and 2012, the majority of daily political conversations still take place offline. <a href="http://news.techworld.com/networking/3444044/report-facebook-and-twitter-dont-change-the-american-political-status-quo/">Read &gt;</a></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.business2community.com/content-marketing/5-social-media-content-mistakes-to-avoid-0467875">Social Media Content Mistakes To Avoid</a> (Business2Community)</strong><br />When planning your social marketing strategy and being active on social channels, avoid these common content mistakes.</p>
<ol>
<li>Not engaging with your audience</li>
<li>Only talking about yourself</li>
<li>Always posting the same kind of content</li>
<li>Posting links without text</li>
<li>Not investing in owned assets</li>
</ol>
<p>Although social media has been around for a few years, plenty of businesses and entrepreneurs still get it wrong. <a href="http://www.business2community.com/content-marketing/5-social-media-content-mistakes-to-avoid-0467875">Read &gt;</a></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.clickz.com/clickz/news/2263931/social-marketing-platforms-will-allow-brands-to-buy-into-moment">Allowing Brands To ‘Buy Into Moment’</a> (ClickZ)</strong><br />How close can a marketer get to real time? Social marketing platforms aim to help brands insert themselves into social media conversations sooner, and in more sophisticated ways. A spate of announcements promise to help advertisers react to trending topics, or even see into the future. <a href="http://www.clickz.com/clickz/news/2263931/social-marketing-platforms-will-allow-brands-to-buy-into-moment">Read &gt;</a></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/news/annoying-facebook-couples?spr_id=1440_8207517">Annoying Facebook Couples Are Actually More In Love</a> (Cosmopolitan)</strong><br />According to a new study about Facebook habits, people who report appearing in more photos with their partner and who regularly tag their partner in their status updates tend to have closer romantic relationships. Researchers say that Facebook can actually be a window into people's worlds, at least in part, to how couples interact, and maybe even feel, in real life. <a href="http://www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/news/annoying-facebook-couples?spr_id=1440_8207517">Read &gt;</a></p>
<p><strong><a href="http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/social-media-men-women_b40738">Social Media: Battle Of The Sexes</a> (Internet Service Providers via Mediabistro)</strong><br />Historically and statistically, social media has always skewed slightly favourably towards women. This infographic takes a closer look at how men and women are using social media. <a href="http://www.mediabistro.com/alltwitter/social-media-men-women_b40738">Read &gt;</a></p>
<p><div class="image-container center" style="width:600px"><div class="image"></div><p class="source"><a href="http://www.internetserviceproviders.org/blog/2013/gendered-social-media/">Internet Service Providers</a></p></div></p>

Charity Calls Out Social Media For 'Slacktivism' 

<p class="source"><span>Noah Berger/AP Photo</span></p><p class="caption">Bernie Sanders speaks during a campaign rally in Palo Alto, California, in 2016.</p><ul class="summary-list"><li>Harkening back to the early days of Facebook, Bernie Sanders can now have his campaign tacked onto anyone's profile picture on Super Tuesday.</li><li>The profile picture template has had highs and lows from "Obama-ize yourself" to "Kony 2012."</li><li>As superficial as they may seem, a 2015 study found that this perceived "slacktivism" can actually make a difference.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul><p>Bernie Sanders supporters were out in force early on Super Tuesday - at least on Facebook. </p><p>Those feelin' the Bern had the option of making a temporary profile picture indicating they voted for Sanders today, with a simple perimiter surrounding the photo of their choice. </p><p>The tactic harkens back to the early days of Facebook.</p><p>The "Obama-ize yourself" third party feature that painted a user's face like Shepard Fairey "Hope" poster was a big hit in 2008, while the controversial Kony 2012 movement saturated Facebook with photo templates spurred by upstart Invisible Children organization, which <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2014/12/30/why-did-invisible-children-dissolve/">later dissolved</a> after calling attention to the Lord's Resistance Army in Central Africa. </p><p>While other campaigns have used similar tactics - an Elizabeth Warren template was also prominently featured in the temporary profile picture tab Tuesday - the Sanders approach is part of a broader grassroots effort to attempt to sway family and friends.</p><p>With the Bernie templates popping up, a 2015 study showed that there can actually be a positive effect from similar social media campaigns, if only at the margins. </p><p>Researchers Harry Chapman and Hilde Coffé tracked the data of Facebook users under the age of 35 for a study published in the Jyournal of Youth Studies titled "<a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282443971_Changing_Facebook_Profile_Pictures_as_Part_of_a_Campaign_Who_Does_it_and_Why">Slacktivism: Not Simply a Means to an End, but a Legitimate Form of Civic Participation</a>."</p><p>"We find that besides the intensity of Facebook use, offline engagement in protest and boycotts has a significant and positive effect on the likelihood to change one's profile picture as part of a campaign," the authors wrote. "Hence, the opportunity for Facebook users to engage in politics by changing a profile picture to support a campaign seems to be seized more often by young people who are politically engaged offline than by those who are not."</p><p>Basically, Facebook friends who go with these pictures are more likely to get out and vote, participate in protests and other in-real-life civic actions, and probably have some faith that they can convince you to vote for their candidate. </p><p>Central to the Sanders campaign and its proported "political revolution" is relying on supporters to lobby their friends and family to back the U.S. senator from Vermont. </p><p>Sanders, 78, is looking to come out of Super Tuesday with a delegate lead takign him to the nomination. </p><p>For more coverage and to follow the results coming in, go to the Insider Politics team's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/super-tuesday-democratic-primary-live-results-vote-counts-every-state-2020-3">landing page</a>.</p>            <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/economist-weighted-voting-could-help-save-us-democracy-2018-5">A top economist has a radical plan to change the way Americans vote: weighted voting</a></h3>

Bernie Sanders is bringing back Facebook profile picture overlays. Do they work?

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Two people have been killed and 14 injured in a mass shooting in Rochester, New York, according to city officials.</li><li>The shooting occurred in the early hours of Saturday at a backyard party, acting Rochester Police Chief Mark Simmons said.</li><li>A witness told local television station 13WHAM <keyword id="6355005" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="news">News</keyword> the gunfire sounded "like the Vietnam War."</li><li>The two people who were killed were a man and a woman aged between 18 and 22 years old.</li></ul><p>A mass shooting in Rochester, New York has left two dead and 14 others injured, according to the city's police department. </p><p>The shooting occurred at a backyard party in the early hours of Saturday morning, according to Rochester's Interim Police Chief Mark Simmons.</p><p>The two people who were killed were a man and a woman aged between 18 and 22 years old, Simmons said, according to local television station <a href="https://13wham.com/news/local/emergency-responders-at-large-scene-in-rochester">13WHAM News</a>. Police have not yet revealed their names.</p><p>The other 14 people have all been hospitalized, but their injuries are not life-threatening.</p><p>"I urge anyone with any information to contact the Rochester Police Department," Simmons said, <a href="https://www.rochesterfirst.com/crime/rpd-confirms-a-mass-shooting-in-city-of-rochester-near-goodman-street/">according to local television station WROC-TV.</a></p><p>Officers reported seeing around 100 people running to and from the location of the party when they arrived at the scene.</p><p>There were no calls to complain about the large gathering, up until the 911 call about the shooting, Simmons said.</p><p>"So you would think that someone sees something prior to this concern. So we ask the community when you see this please pick up the phone and call 911," Simmons added. "It's an extremely difficult scene." </p><p>A witness told 13WHAM News the gunfire sounded "like the Vietnam War."</p><p>Tyler Brown, a reporter for 13WHAM, <a href="https://twitter.com/tbrown13WHAM/status/1307207101735931905?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1307207101735931905%7Ctwgr%5Eshare_3&amp;ref_url=http%3A%2F%2F13wham.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Femergency-responders-at-large-scene-in-rochesterster">reported</a> seeing family members crying and consoling each other.</p><p>Several streets have been blocked off in the area around the house where the shooting happened.</p><p>There have been no arrests in connection with the shooting so far.</p><ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/number-of-mass-shootings-in-america-this-year-2019-8">There have been 366 mass shootings in the US so far in 2019 — here's the full list</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ex-neighbor-nova-scotia-gunman-said-she-reported-domestic-violence-2020-5?r=US&amp;IR=TIR=T">Evidence mounts that Canada's worst-ever mass shooter was a woman-hater and misogyny fuelled his killing spree that left 22 dead</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/kenosha-residents-criticize-police-response-jacob-blake-shooting-2020-9">Residents in Kenosha are dismayed at law enforcement's response to the Jacob Blake shooting and protests: 'They just let the fires burn'</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/challenge-accepted-instagram-trend-turkey-istanbul-convention-2020-7">How the 'challenge accepted' Instagram trend went from hollow slacktivism to a campaign to raise awareness about Turkish femicide</a></li></ul>

2 people are dead and 14 injured after a mass shooting at a backyard party in Rochester, New York

<p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><p class="source"><span>AP/Elise Amendola</span></p><p class="caption">Two women complete the ice bucket challenge in Boston in 2014.</p></div><p></p></div></div></p><p>In 2014, the ALS ice bucket challenge - in which people doused themselves in ice water filmed it, and posted it to social media - was everywhere.</p><p>The campaign was meant to raise awareness and funds for <span>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</span> (ALS), a nervous system disease that affects the function of nerves and muscles.</p><p>At the time, many critics <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ben-kosinski/icebucketchallenge-why-yo_b_5656649.html">dismissed the movement as lazy "slacktivism,"</a> but it turns out that the craze really did make a difference: Researchers at the University of Massachusetts have used some of the funds to discover a new gene that's directly involved in the disease, <a href="http://www.alsa.org/news/media/press-releases/significant-gene-discovery-072516.html">according to the ALS Association</a>. </p><p>In just eight weeks, the ice bucket challenge spurred <span><a href="http://www.alsa.org/fight-als/edau/ibc-progress-infographic.html">$115 million</a> in donations. One million of those dollars went to the University of Massachusetts, where <span>John Landers, PhD,</span> led an international research project to study the genomes of thousands of people with inherited ALS. </span></p><p><span>The effort, which involved 80 researchers in 11 different countries, led to the discovery of NEK1, a gene that contributes to the disease. <span>Its identification gives scientists a new potential target when they develop future therapies to treat ALS. </span></span></p><p> </p><p><span></span><span>"Global collaboration among scientists, which was really made possible by ALS Ice Bucket Challenge donations, led to this important discovery," Landers <a href="http://www.alsa.org/news/media/press-releases/significant-gene-discovery-072516.html">said in a press release</a> from the ALS Association. "It is a prime example of the success that can come from the combined efforts of so many people, all dedicated to finding the causes of ALS."</span></p>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/gi-surgery-help-treat-type-two-diabetes-science-2016-6">Doctors are recommending a radical new approach to treat diabetes - and it could be a game-changer</a></h3>        <div>            <div>        <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="czNTIwNDE6nRwqXAQTcZZhffm5C9BgEN" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div>        </div>        </div>            </div>

Remember the ALS ice bucket challenge? It actually worked

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<p class="source"><span>Open Road; Reuters</span></p>
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<p dir="ltr">Torture-porn auteur Eli Roth's new film, "The Green Inferno," follows a crew of college-age activists as they attempt to protect an Amazon tribe from the effects of deforestation, only to be eaten alive by the very people they're trying to help. Though long slated for a September 5 release, the film has quietly been <a href="http://www.deadline.com/2014/08/worldview-woes-take-eli-roth-amazon-cannibal-tale-green-inferno-off-menu/">pulled from the schedule</a>.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The cancellation, which may signal a straight-to-video release, is attributed variously to the production company's <a href="http://www.deadline.com/2014/08/worldview-woes-take-eli-roth-amazon-cannibal-tale-green-inferno-off-menu/">financial difficulties</a> or to <a href="http://www.showbiz411.com/2014/08/08/cannibal-film-green-inferno-pulled-at-last-minute-from-release-schedule">cold feet</a> on the part of the distributor, though a source close to the production maintains that a dispute between Worldview Entertainment and Open Road films is to blame for the delay and that a wide release is still the plan.</p>
<p dir="ltr">In either case, for the Matsiguenga, the Nahua, the Nanti, and other indigenous tribes living in the jungles of Peru - people Roth portrays as fearsome savages - the development is very welcome news.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Not that they follow the news.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Anthropologists tend to divide these groups into two categories: those living in "voluntarily isolation" (intentionally avoiding the dominant society) and those in "initial contact" (having had no peaceful interaction with the outside world). According to <a href="http://www.survivalinternational.org/">Survival International</a>, an NGO that advocates on behalf of tribal people, there are around 100 such groups left in the world - tiny hunter-gatherer societies, many speaking languages known only to themselves.</p>
<p dir="ltr">One uncontacted tribe was filmed by the BBC for a recent program.&#xa0;</p>
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<p class="embed-spacer"><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Roth is fond of ironies, but he may have missed the most glaring irony of all. Far from being cannibals, the Indians of the Peruvian basin have historically been some of world's great victims - forced by missionaries to abandon their cultural practices, massacred by rubber tappers, cattle ranchers and drug smugglers, pushed from their traditional lands by mining and logging interests, and decimated by common diseases for which they have no immunity.</span></p>
<p dir="ltr">Several weeks ago, Brazilian officials confirmed that members of one such tribe <a href="http://news.sciencemag.org/latin-america/2014/07/members-previously-uncontacted-tribe-infected-flu">contracted influenza</a> after emerging from the forest following a dispute with a rival group, and although they were immunized, health workers fear they may have infected the rest of their tribe. In the 1980s, a similar flu epidemic devastated the Nahua after they came into contact with oil workers, killing half of population. Another tragedy befell the Manunahua a decade later, when loggers entered the area.</p>
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<p class="source"><span><a href="http://www.uncontactedtribes.org/brazilphotos">Survival International</a></span></p>
<p class="caption">Members of an uncontacted tribe living in Brazil, near the Peruvian border, in 2011.</p>
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</div></div>There have been some successful efforts to protect isolated tribes, but they tend to be halfhearted. In one glaring example, the Peruvian government recently <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/andes-to-the-amazon/2014/jan/13/peru-amazon-forest-gas-expansion-un">announced an expansion</a> of the massive Camisea gas project in an area known as Lot 88 in the Cusco region of South East Peru. Unfortunately, concession overlaps with the Kugapakori-Nahua-Nanti Reserve that was established to protect indigenous tribes in 1990.
<p dir="ltr">Initially, it seemed like the project would be impossible. A July 2013 report by the Peruvian government stated that at least one tribal group could be "devastated" by the expansion and others might well become extinct. But the report was <a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/andes-to-the-amazon/2014/jan/27/peru-idigenous-people-manu-national-park-gas-drilling">quickly rescinded</a> and several of key staff members were forced to resign shortly thereafter. A follow-up report that was more favorable to the oil producers, which include Pluspetrol and American company <a href="http://www.huntoil.com/">Hunt Oil</a>, was then issued in its place.</p>
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<p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Enrique Castro-Mendivil</span></p>
<p class="caption">Peru's President Ollanta Humala is greeted by workers at the Camisea natural gas project in the Amazon jungle in Cuzco, April 3, 2012. </p>
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</div></div>Some energy executives have boasted of <a href="http://www.theecologist.org/News/news_analysis/1718539/perus_mysterious_lot_fitzcarrald_threatens_uncontacted_tribes.html">further planned expansion</a>, which would bring gas exploration into the Manú National Park, perhaps the most biodiverse area in the world, though these plans have not been confirmed.&#xa0;
<p dir="ltr">Camisea has since drawn <a href="http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/notes/special-rapporteur-releases-observations-on-the-proposed-expansion-of-the-camisea-natural-gas-project-in-peru">condemnation from the UN</a> and numerous NGOs. Now, apparently, it has inspired a horror movie.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The film was not made available to Business Insider for review, so we'll reserve judgment on the final product. Fans of Roth's earlier films ("Cabin Fever," "Hostel") know that he has a knack for layering his schlocky exploitation flicks with unexpectedly sophisticated political themes, and he tells Business Insider he's done the same here. While the success of that effort remains to be seen, early festival reviews tended not to focus on such subtleties. Most seemed to agree with a writer for Badass Digest, who <a href="http://badassdigest.com/2013/09/24/fantastic-fest-review-the-green-inferno-is-gut-munchingly-great/">raved</a> that it was "a relentless machine of gory fun."</p>
<p dir="ltr"><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">We reached out to Rebecca Spooner, the Peru campaign director for Survival International, to ask what she thought of the trailer. She had a less favorable impression.</span></p>
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<p dir="ltr">"We were obviously disturbed by it," she tells Business Insider, speaking from the group's London headquarters. "Effectively, it seemed to be depicting us."</p>
<p dir="ltr">Like the idealistic young victims in the film, Spooner, 30, and her colleagues have actively protested the Camisea project and other threats to Peru's indigenous groups. Last year, she traveled to the remote area near Cusco to view the effects of development first-hand.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Unlike Skye Ferriera and the other activists in "The Green Inferno," she was not shot with blow darts, tortured, forced to endure female genital mutilation, disembowled, impaled on a spike, or eaten alive. She did not have her eyes gouged out or pieces of her flesh sliced off.</p>
<p dir="ltr">But "The Green Inferno's" depiction of activists like herself as naive and sanctimonious is not the problem, she says, nor is the gruesome punishment to which they're subjected.</p>
<p><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">Depicting uncontacted tribes as cannibals, however, poses a real-world risk. "It's very dangerous," she says, noting that such depictions have often "been used an excuse to wipe them out." She points out that tales of native cannibals - frenzied bone-through-the-nose savages boiling missionaries in a giant kettle - have been popular for hundreds of years now. "These stories have created a racist view of uncontacted and isolated groups," she says, pointing out that such portrayals only make it easier for corporate interests and governments to push through harmful policies unchecked by public opinion.</span></p>
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<p class="source"><span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WntMgwtBsCk#t=126">YouTube</a></span></p>
<p class="caption">The 1930 Disney short "Cannibal Capers" </p>
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<p dir="ltr">Roth calls this idea "absurd." In a statement to Business Insider (quoted in full below), he adds, "The fear that somehow a movie would give them ammunition to destroy a tribe all sounds like misdirected anger and frustration that the corporations are the ones controlling the fates of these uncontacted tribes."</p>
<p dir="ltr">The film's real target, he says, is "slactivism." And the cannibalism in the film is "a metaphor for how people are shamelessly consumed by their vanity and need for validation on social media." As for Survival International's goals of saving uncontacted tribes, he writes, "You're doing something that all of us believe in and many of us secretly wish we were a part of. &#xa0;I applaud you."</p>
<p dir="ltr">Meanwhile, if the director has his way, the indiginous peoples of the Amazon basin may be in for more unfortunate media depictions. Roth, who recently released a mobile Green Inferno game for <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/the-green-inferno-survival/id892970490?mt=8">iPhone</a> and <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.NanaiGames.TheGreenInfernoSurvival&amp;hl=en">Android</a>, has spoken of his intention to reinvigorate the cannibal genre, a subclass of splatter films that flourished in Italy in the 1970s and 1980s. ("The Green Inferno" is, in fact, an homage to the most notorious of these, the widely-banned 1980 film "Cannibal Holocaust.")</p>
<p dir="ltr">Meanwhile, even with the theatrical fate of "The Green Inferno" up in the air, a sequel, "Beyond the Green Inferno," is already said to be <a href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/toronto-eli-roth-sets-sequel-623695">in the works</a>. As Roth commented to the Hollywood Reporter, "We want to take the story to a darker and scarier place on all levels."</p>
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<p class="source"><span>REUTERS/Pilar Olivares </span></p>
<p class="caption">An aerial view of a gas exploration camp, part of the huge Camisea natural gas project in the Amazon jungle in Cuzco, May 18, 2011. </p>
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<p dir="ltr">Below, Roth's full statement to Business Insider:</p>
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<p dir="ltr">The idea that a fictional movie about a fictional tribe could somehow hurt indigenous people when gas companies are tearing these villages apart on a daily basis is simply absurd. These companies don't need an excuse - they have one - the natural resources in the ground. &#xa0;They can window dress things however they like, but nobody will destroy a village because they didn't like a character in a movie, they'll do it because they want to get rich by draining what's under the village. &#xa0;This fear that somehow a movie would give them ammunition to destroy a tribe all sounds like misdirected anger and frustration that the corporations are the ones controlling the fates of these uncontacted tribes by manipulating the governments into changing the laws. It's like saying movies cause violence, which if that were true then violence would not have existed before the Melies Brothers. &#xa0;</p>
<p dir="ltr">The sad part is, these companies don't need a movie - they're already doing it. I've been following this very closely, both in Peru and what's happening with the recent law changes in Brazil. It's tragic. My film, however, is about bandwagon activism, or "slacktivism," which is people jumping in on social media and retweeting causes they actually know nothing about (something these activists seem ready to do with my film). The whole idea of the kids saving the rainforest only to be eaten by the tribe they saved is a metaphor for how people are shamelessly consumed by their vanity and need for validation on social media. These kids in the movie care, but they care more about getting recognized for caring. If anything, The Green Inferno shows the beauty of Peru, where I took cameras farther than anyone has taken a film crew before to shoot a narrative feature, so audiences globally could feel for the jungle every time a tree gets ripped up. What these real-life activists do not know is that the film is actually on the side of the villagers. They can fear whatever they like about how these people are portrayed, but you know who loved the portrayal? The villagers I filmed. They thought it was hilarious, and they understand the difference between real life and movies even though we showed them cameras for the first time. Everyone knew it was pretend, and they also understood that tribes don't get displaced by gas companies because someone made them look scary in a movie. If this film, or any film, truly had that kind of power I'd be able to make a movie and save the rainforest in 90 minutes. In short, if you want to save the uncontacted tribes in Peru, you're doing something that all of us believe in and many of us secretly wish we were a part of. I applaud you. &#xa0;</p>
<p>My small contribution to Peru was to put roofs on every hut in the village where we filmed, something the villagers had wanted their whole lives, and we gave them nearly a year's pay for three weeks of work. The people who seem to publicly care how these people are portrayed are people who want to be portrayed as caring people. If you don't like my film that's fine, but everything in the film is based on real research of how natives live, dress, paint themselves, defend themselves, and the rituals reserved for intruders they see as enemies. You don't have to like it, and the story is fictitious, but all the rituals came from my research on tribes around the world and how they treat intruders. But if you're really nervous about a movie fueling fire for people attacking villagers and taking their resources, then don't see the movie. If everyone stopped their ideas because they were worried about offending people or sparking discussion then there would be no stories to tell. In short, take your cause seriously, but take my film for what it is - a movie.</p>
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