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Online misinformation about Ozempic runs rampant — here's what the science says

<ul class="summary-list"><li>KKR is in talks to acquire adtech firm Integral Ad Science, sources told Business Insider.</li><li>IAS appointed investment bank Jefferies to explore options after receiving takeover interest.</li></ul>Private equity firm KKR is in talks to acquire the publicly listed adtech company Integral Ad Science, three people familiar with the process said.It couldn't be immediately determined whether the discussions were at an advanced stage, and the plans could change.One of those people and an additional source said other potential acquirers had also expressed an interest in IAS but didn't offer further information. All of the people asked for anonymity to protect their business relationships; their identities are known to Business Insider.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-25/integral-ad-science-is-said-to-explore-potential-sale?embedded-checkout=true">Bloomberg</a> reported last month that IAS had appointed the investment bank Jefferies to explore its options after receiving takeover interest. IAS shares popped more than 10% on the news at the time.KKR and IAS declined to comment.Founded in the US in 2009, IAS offers technology that advertisers use to measure the quality and performance of their ads and to help them avoid their campaigns appearing next to unseemly content. It also offers solutions to publishers that help them verify that their ads are viewable, fraud-free, and placed in suitable environments for brands.IAS has recently signed new or expanded partnerships with major tech companies like Google, Amazon, and Reddit. In its second quarter, the company grew revenue by 14% to $129 million and raised its full-year guidance. IAS is due to report its third-quarter earnings on November 12.A take-private deal by a private equity firm like KKR could help IAS grow further without the quarterly Wall Street scrutiny. IAS was previously private equity-owned after Vista Equity Partners acquired it in 2018. Vista retains a more than 40% stake in IAS, which went public in 2021.KKR already has an ad industry footprint. It has stakes in the public adtech company AppLovin, the corporate communications firm FGS Global, and the customer experience software provider Alchemer.(KKR was also a shareholder in Business Insider's parent company Axel Springer. In September, Axel Springer announced it would <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.axios.com/2024/09/19/axel-springer-kkr-break-up">separate</a> its media properties into a privately-owned company, while KKR retained the classifieds side of the business.)KKR has <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://ir.kkr.com/app/uploads/2024/10/KKR-Q324-Earnings-Release.pdf">over $600 billion</a> in assets under management.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/private-equity-firms-investing-in-advertising-and-marketing-companies-2024-3#kkr-7">Ted Oberwager</a>, a partner at KKR who leads its gaming, entertainment, media, and sports verticals, told BI earlier this year that the firm was looking to invest in companies that had "great teams and leaders who can navigate the rapidly shifting advertising, marketing, and communications landscapes."IAS fiercely competes with ad verification rival DoubleVerify, which is larger in terms of annual revenue and has a market capitalization of $3.3 billion to IAS's $1.99 billion as of publication time.Both companies came under recent <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/doubleverify-integral-ad-science-face-fresh-brand-safety-scrutiny-2024-6">scrutiny</a> after a series of reports found their advertiser clients had run ads in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://adalytics.io/blog/ai-brand-safety">unsavory</a> corners of the web, such as sites with graphically violent, racist, or pornographic content — despite using the companies' brand safety software. The companies have disputed those reports' methodologies and findings.Publishers have also <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/integral-ad-science-doubleverify-help-brands-avoid-coronavirus-news-2020-3">criticized</a> brand safety methods such as keyword blocking and exclusion lists — words that trigger ads to be blocked on a webpage — as blunt instruments that unfairly demonetize their content. IAS and DoubleVerify have said they have refined their brand safety tools by pushing further into areas like AI and other technologies that analyze the context and semantics of an article.

Private equity giant KKR is in talks to acquire the adtech company Integral Ad Science

Lisa Doucet-Albert didn't have the typical '80s teen experience. While her peers were bumming around the malls and basement rec rooms of their Rhode Island suburb, she was tasked with her family's cooking, grocery shopping, and whatever else needed doing while her mother worked. As the older sister, she was also her kid brother's caretaker. She felt it was her job to worry about everyone else.Now the managing director for a public-relations firm in Providence, Doucet-Albert believes that the amount of responsibility she carried growing up is inextricable from who she is today. "I never ask for help but always provide it. I am definitely a people pleaser and go out of my way to help others, almost like it's my obligation. I also have a hard time setting boundaries and saying no," she said. "It's something that I'm constantly working on."Doucet-Albert counts herself among the scores of women who have recognized themselves in a flurry of memes and think pieces concerning an affliction of sorts: "<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/eldest-daughter-syndrome-signs-domestic-labor-people-pleasing-therapist-2024-3">eldest-daughter syndrome</a>." Equal parts birth-order stereotyping and pop psychology, the term describes a heady cocktail of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/eldest-daughter-syndrome-signs-domestic-labor-people-pleasing-therapist-2024-3">perfectionism, self-sacrifice, guilt</a>, and sibling resentment thanks to the double whammy of being both the oldest child and a girl. In a post that has garnered 4.5 million views on TikTok, a poem titled "Oldest Daughter Guilt" sums up the strife, lamenting, "Why can't I be happy? / I need to put myself first. / But who even am I when / I'm not fixing someone's hurt?"The premise of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/eldest-daughter-syndrome-fathers-caretaker-sibling-birth-order-estrangement-2024-7">eldest-daughter syndrome</a> relies on two core assumptions: that firstborn or only daughters are expected to be models of achievement and good behavior for their younger siblings and that <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/helped-raise-siblings-dont-want-kids-child-free-2024-6">daughters are asked to take on more of the family's housework</a> than their brothers. Research is inconclusive (at best) as to whether birth order meaningfully predicts personality. But there may be more of a science to eldest daughters than meets the eye. While the cultural conversation has focused on the downsides — <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/eldest-daughter-syndrome-online-communities-empowering-first-born-women-2023-12">the burdens — of being the eldest girl</a>, studies across disciplines point to very real benefits for firstborn daughters' parents and siblings, particularly in times of hardship. Whether those benefits carry over to the daughters in question, on the other hand, depends on how much they're expected to give up.Everyone, in other words, should have an older sister. But not everyone may want to be one.Though social scientists don't love the public's tendency to assign character traits according to arbitrary demographic groupings, such as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gen-z-millennial-boomer-gen-x-why-generations-feud-2023-7">generational labels</a> and sibling order, there's quite a bit of research that supports the eldest-daughter trope. Girls have been found to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wife-housework-until-husband-split-chores-2024-8">spend more time on household chores</a> than boys; older children, in general, are often asked to <a target="_blank" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.01011.x">set an example</a> for their younger siblings.Older children also play an important role as babysitters — especially when parents and guardians have limited access to alternate caregiving help. In a <a target="_blank" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4108245">survey</a> of nearly 2,000 US parents, roughly half reported that they'd relied on their older children for some or all of their caregiving help between February and December 2020, through the height of COVID-19 lockdowns.Although the survey didn't specify the gender of older-child caregivers, preexisting research supports an educated guess that girls did more of the lifting. "It's a well-established pattern across the anthropological literature in diverse human societies that older sisters participate in direct childcare more than older brothers," said Molly Fox, an associate professor of anthropology at the University of California, Los Angeles. Fox led a team of researchers that recently <a target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453023006492?via%3Dihub">uncovered</a> a stunning evolutionary clue as to why it's so common for women to take on caregiving roles. The team's 15-year longitudinal study, published earlier this year, found a link between mothers who reported psychological distress during pregnancy and accelerated adrenal puberty in firstborn daughters. Adrenal puberty is when the body starts producing more of a hormone that gets converted into a host of other powerful chemicals, such as the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone. Crucially, adrenal puberty also kicks off a phase of cognitive development that's associated with emotional and behavioral maturity and typically occurs about two years before regular puberty. A child who has undergone adrenal puberty is better equipped to take on more adultlike responsibilities such as babysitting, cooking, and running household errands. Most striking of all, maternal distress was not found to speed up adrenal puberty in sons or younger daughters. So when a mother needed help, biology caused her eldest daughter to step up and mature faster to provide that help — but the same wasn't true for her other children.Does this mean that eldest-daughter syndrome not only is real but also begins in the womb? As Fox sees it, the answer sure looks like a yes — at least some of the time. For moms in difficult circumstances, having a precocious firstborn daughter who can help out with subsequent siblings is a helpful adaptation. "This idea seems consistent with the 'eldest daughter' phenomenon," she said.In low- and middle-income countries, having an older sister may even give younger siblings a leg up in their future success and well-being. A 2020 study examining patterns of early childhood development in rural Kenya found that young children with an older sister, as opposed to an older brother, scored significantly higher in vocabulary and development of fine motor skills — differences that were attributed to extra attention and interaction. "For comparison, this 'effect' of having a big sister is about as large as the difference in child development between young children whose mother completed secondary school and those whose mother only completed primary school," the researchers wrote in a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cgdev.org/blog/doing-well-life-thank-your-big-sister">blog post</a> for the Center for Global Development.Pamela Jakiela, an associate professor of economics at Williams College and a coauthor of the study, said it's hard to know whether older sisters in the US have a comparably significant impact on their younger siblings' early development. Mothers in rural Kenya tend to have more children than women in the US, which means there are more young children to care for at once. Less access to center-based childcare — such as preschool and day care — means that caring for infants and toddlers falls to household members. Gender roles and responsibilities remain more rigid than in the US, with housework and caregiving more explicitly placed on girls and women.But the findings still hold clues for American households, where parents rely tremendously on their older children for help at home. And while familial roles and responsibilities aren't as preordained by gender as they once were, American <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-much-time-men-women-spend-on-housework-caregiving-pew-2023-4">women still do far more of the domestic labor</a>.Scrutiny over the "plight of the eldest daughter" fits into a broader debate over what kinds of expectations are appropriate to place on kids, particularly in light of rising concern over the potential harms of "<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/signs-parentification-child-grew-up-fast-responsibilities-2024-1">parentification</a>." Asking children to take on too much too soon can spell trouble for their relationships and mental health down the line, a legion of TikTokers and therapists say.Despite the potential for sacrifices, being an eldest daughter isn't without its perks. Firstborn girls tend to be the most ambitious and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-oldest-siblings-make-more-money-younger-siblings-healthcare-denmark-2024-3">successful children</a> in their families, a 2014 study by University of Essex researchers found. A 2018 study published in Child Development found that, irrespective of gender, an older sibling caring for a younger sibling helped both of them <a target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/02/180220083924.htm">develop a sense of empathy</a>.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sibling-relationships-can-be-complicated-and-change-through-the-years-2023-7">Sibling relationships</a> stand to benefit from these dynamics, too. Jonathan Westover, who grew up as the sixth of eight children in 1980s Utah, told me that his eldest sister acted like a third parent throughout much of his childhood. At the time, it felt special to be able to spend so much time with her, especially given their decade-plus age difference. "I have a closer relationship with her, to this day, than I do with many of my other older siblings," he said. Westover's story lines up with my own experience as the firstborn, and only daughter, in a family of three kids. I'm not sure I would have spent much quality time with my younger brothers, given our respective four- and six-year age gaps, if I hadn't been tasked with taking care of them after school and during our parents' occasional nights out. Though I wasn't exactly Mary Poppins — as my brothers would be happy to attest to — my latchkey-parent position helped lay a foundation for the warm and affectionate bond I share with both of them as an adult.I didn't develop the same negative view of my role as many others have, and the critical difference came from the fact my parents never expected me to put their childcare needs ahead of my own childhood experiences. If I needed to stay after school for play rehearsal or tennis practice, they found someone else to look after my brothers until one of us came home. (It's worth noting that, with <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/having-grandparents-care-for-grandchildren-can-cause-wealth-divide-2024-8">two sets of grandparents living nearby</a>, this was a fairly easy task.)In contrast, Westover said his parents relied on his eldest sister to be their default childcare provider, at the expense of her social life and extracurriculars. "She got defensive about it with my parents and started acting out because they leaned on her so much — more than they should have, probably, and certainly more than she thought was fair," Westover said. "Even into her adult life, she held that against my parents." His wife grew up as part of a similarly large brood — and her eldest sister had a similar experience. In both families, older brothers were asked to shoulder a comparably minuscule share of the load.Westover, who is now an associate professor of organizational leadership at Utah Valley University and a father of six, told me that he and his wife had been careful not to repeat their parents' mistakes. "We try not to put a burden on our kids to take care of things that are our responsibility," he said. "If we do have the kids helping, we make sure that they're helping equally. We're not making the girls do all of one thing and the boys do all of another thing." Their firstborn — a daughter — is now 20.As long as they're equipped to handle the tasks at hand, there is nothing inherently wrong with asking children to step up to positions of responsibility. According to Lenette Azzi-Lessing, an associate professor of social work at Boston University and a senior fellow at the Child Welfare League of America, feeling competent in an adult role can even serve as a valuable source of self-confidence for older children. It's when family responsibilities get in the way of an older sibling's ability to participate in their own important developmental experiences — such as schoolwork, hobbies, extracurriculars, and social activities — that the downsides can quickly outstrip any benefits. "If girls are prevented from achieving their academic potential because they are required to provide childcare support that boys are not, that is a big problem," Jakiela, the economics professor, said.Those detriments may be especially pronounced in today's <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kids-organized-sports-benefits-rest-resilience-2024-7">ultracompetitive scholastic environment</a>. "While kids tend to do less in terms of chores now than they did when I was a child, expectations in terms of academic, athletic, and extracurricular achievement have also changed," Jakiela said. "I'm not sure that today's kids have the bandwidth to pick up the caregiving slack for their parents."As with most things, the key is balance. Eldest or only daughters have a valuable role to play in the lives of their parents and younger siblings, but avoiding the drawbacks of that extra responsibility requires <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/millennial-gen-z-parents-struggle-lonely-childcare-costs-money-friends-2023-11">additional support for overwhelmed parents</a>. The cure for eldest-daughter syndrome, in other words, isn't a culture shift; it's rebuilding the village.<a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/kelli-maria-korducki">Kelli María Korducki</a> is a journalist whose work focuses on work, tech, and culture. She's based in New York City.

The science is in: Big sisters are good for everyone 

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Deborah Szekely is 102 years old and works three days a week.</li><li>She attributes her fitness and plump skin to her lifestyle.</li></ul>From looking at her, you wouldn't guess <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/healthy-102-year-old-centenarian-research-backed-longevity-tips-2024-7">Deborah Szekely</a> is 102 years old. Three days a week, the centenarian works at the health resort in Baja California, Mexico, which she founded with her husband in 1940 — and she doesn't plan to stop until nature tells her to, she <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/28/102-year-old-on-living-a-long-happy-life-i-dont-do-exceptions.html">told</a> CNBC Make It earlier this year.She also seems to have avoided the loss of skin plumpness and sun spots that often come with age.With <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cultural-differences-longevity-supercentenarian-secrets-habits-countries-2024-1">people living longer</a> than ever before, the market for antiaging products is growing rapidly: it's estimated to be worth $41.2 billion in 2023, and projected to reach $60 billion by 2030, according to market research company Research and Markets.But Szekely's <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/lazy-girl-easy-skincare-routine-2023-8">secret to good skin</a> isn't spending hundreds of dollars on creams that promise to turn back time. Instead, she credits her lifestyle choices and a few simple skincare products. This chimes with research: One 2023 review of evidence published in the journal Cosmetics found that a good diet, physical exercise, and getting enough sleep appeared to help skin health as people age. Research also suggests that how skin ages is affected by genes, which are out of our control.Business Insider spoke to Szekely to find out how she's kept her <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/octogenarian-grandma-face-no-wrinkles-skincare-routine-diet-2024-3">skin in such good condition</a>.<h2 id="b0588609-62dc-44f5-bdee-9a52ea68530b">Eating "fresh, healthy foods."</h2>"I give all the credit to a good diet and regular exercise. It's very important to keep moving. Even now, at 102, I walk a mile every day," Szekely said.One review of studies published earlier this year in the journal JMIR Dermatology suggested that regular exercise can reduce <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/anti-aging-skincare-routine-90-year-old-no-wrinkles-2024-5">age-related skin changes</a> such as wrinkles and dry skin.Diet can also plays a role.Szekely said she eats mostly "fresh, healthy foods," which she thinks has contributed to her great skin. She doesn't eat highly processed foods that contain more than three ingredients.<div type="image" title="Deborah Szekely leaning against a tree in a funky scarf." height="1280" width="890" msid="114881695" hostid="261" sizebytes="71560"></div>A 2020 review of studies published in The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology suggested that a whole-food, plant-based diet could help prevent skin aging. The authors argued this could be because it reduces the number of carcinogens people ingest and lengthens telomeres, which are the DNA sequences at the ends of chromosomes that shorten over time and cause markers of aging on a cellular level.<h2 id="86ff24ca-c709-48d4-8d2d-00bd9d1b722e">Sunscreen is the best way to prevent skin aging </h2>Szekely has a simple daily skincare routine, too."Here's my secret: you must thoroughly clean all the makeup off your face before sleeping," she said.Her biggest skincare recommendation for younger people wanting good skin is to wear sunscreen. She wears a moisturizer containing sunscreen every day.Dr. Derek V. Chan, a board-certified medical and cosmetic dermatologist based in Manhattan, previously told BI that sunscreen is "by far the most important part" of an <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/anti-aging-skincare-routine-90-year-old-no-wrinkles-2024-5">antiaging skincare routine</a>. Using a sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or more every day can help protect against the aging effects of ultraviolet light, he said.Many of Szekely's tips are in line with those her fellow centenarians have previously shared with BI when it comes to maintaining health, fitness, and skin quality later in life.A 101-year-old man named William, who didn't share his last name, said his <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/longevity-secrets-doctor-worked-2024-10">secrets to staying healthy past 100</a> are eating healthily, staying active, and having a long, varied career.And Toshiko Eto has practically <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/octogenarian-grandma-face-no-wrinkles-skincare-routine-diet-2024-3">no wrinkles at 80</a>, which she attributes to eating fermented foods as well as her skincare routine. Dr. Tina Alster, a dermatologist and director at the Washington Institute of Dermatologic Laser Surgery, told BI at the time that genetics and <a target="_blank" rel="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-sunscreen-is-not-enough-to-protect-you-from-sun-2023-9">protection from the sun</a> are "likely the two most important factors" for Eto's skin looking so young.

A 102-year-old shares her simple, science-backed skincare secrets — and they don't include antiaging creams

<ul class="summary-list"><li>'Twisters' aims to be more scientifically accurate than its predecessor, 'Twister.'</li><li>Many of the film's characters are scientists or storm chasers who know a lot about tornadoes.</li></ul>You don't need to know a lot about tornadoes to understand the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/iowa-tornado-video-injuries-damage-2018-7">massive storms</a> you'll see on screen in the new film "Twisters," debuting in US theaters Friday.However, the filmmakers worked to make "Twisters" more scientifically <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=8794e36cb8c1aa27c3f5637620281e7f8509966ad7e2a48650e0fa7451426dd4&amp;postID=669816d520eaab25bc1945d7&amp;postSlug=twisters-tornado-science-terms-should-know-before-seeing-2024-7&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fd41586-024-02276-x">accurate</a> than its predecessor, and the scientists and storm chasers in the movie spit out some jargon that could leave you scratching your head.So, a weather refresher might help if you want to follow along more closely. Here are a couple dozen terms that show up in the film and may be worth reviewing before you head to the theater. We tell you what the terms mean but not how they appear in the film, so no spoilers.<h2 id="62a1be3e-7668-4811-8ca1-cc77753aad30">22 science terms to know before seeing 'Twisters'</h2>Cap: A layer of warm air thousands of feet high in the atmosphere that can slow or stop the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricanes-and-rain-getting-stronger-2018-6">formation of a thunderstorm</a>. Sandwiched between warm, moist air and cold, dry air, the cap can also increase instability and cause a severe storm if it's removed.Cloud microphysics: This branch of atmospheric science relates to the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/cloud-microphysics">study</a> of ice formation and similar processes in the air. Scientists use it to <a target="_blank" href="https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/100/4/bams-d-18-0005.1.xml">more accurately</a> simulate clouds in their <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-flood-prediction-save-lives-climate-change-2023-12">weather models</a>.Cloud seeding and silver iodide: Some regions hoping to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/photos-dubai-airport-flash-floods-show-downsides-controlling-the-weather-2024-4">increase precipitation</a> release particles of silver iodide — a compound of silver and iodine that can encourage ice formation — to cause rain or snow to fall.Death ridge: <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/storm-chaser-job-live-salary-news-extreme-weather-hurricanes">Storm chasers</a> use this term to describe conditions that lead to milder weather. When an elongated area of hot, dry high atmospheric pressure settles over the Plains, it means severe storms are less likely to form, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2023/06/16/jet-stream-extreme-pattern-weather-tornadoes/">according to</a> The Washington Post.<div type="image" title="A Doppler radar tower with a large white ball on top" height="1500" width="1925" msid="111871259" hostid="261" sizebytes="90852"></div>Doppler radar: The National Weather Service's Doppler radars look like they have <a target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW9og0xK2Bc">giant</a> golf balls sitting on top of them. These are the antennae, which spin around and scan the atmosphere at different heights. The radar's beam hits particles of precipitation and receives the information back, creating a picture of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/hurricane-hunters-noaa-air-force-planes-2019-8">what's happening in the sky</a>.Enhanced Fujita Scale/EF Scale: Meteorologist Ted Fujita created the original scale, with ratings from 0 to 5, for tornado intensity in 1971. The newer version from 2007 <a target="_blank" href="https://www.weather.gov/oun/efscale">includes</a> more types of buildings and objects to better reflect the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/what-is-tornado-insurance">level of damage</a>. When a meteorologist describes a tornado as EF1 or EF5, it's a reflection of how destructive the storm was. Tornadoes are only rated after the NWS performs an assessment.FEMA, NASA, NOAA, and NWS: The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) helps coordinate disaster response. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Weather Service (NWS) all contribute to weather and climate data with satellites, radar, and other technology. The NWS is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/">responsible</a> for issuing tornado warnings.<div type="image" title="A black-and-white image of two tornadoes side by side near a road" height="1068" width="1188" msid="111871260" hostid="261" sizebytes="86136"></div>Fujiwhara effect: Named for Sakuhei Fujiwhara, who wrote about the effect in 1921, this uncommon phenomenon occurs when two cyclones pass close enough to each other that their centers either lock into a dance, or in rarer cases, they can merge into a single, more powerful storm. The effect occasionally happens with hurricanes, and in 2023, atmospheric scientist Matthew Cappucci <a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="c-link" href="https://x.com/MatthewCappucci/status/1648898968099729409">noted on X</a> that the phenomenon occurred with tornadoes in Oklahoma.Hook echo: When a hook shape shows up on a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/extreme-weather-blunts-the-us-militarys-technological-edge-2024-5">radar screen</a> as part of a supercell storm, it can indicate the conditions are ripe for a tornado. The spinning storm can show up at a hook's tip, but it's not a guarantee that a tornado has formed, <a target="_blank" href="https://weather.com/storms/severe/news/2024-03-20-tornado-severe-weather-radar-terms-debris-ball-hook-echo">according</a> to Weather.com.Instability, lift, and moisture: These are three ingredients needed for a thunderstorm. The instability comes from air that keeps rising after something provides lift, like a cold front or mountain. The rising air brings heat and moisture to the cooler atmosphere above. As the water vapor cools, it condenses and becomes a cloud. It's these cumulonimbus clouds that you see in thunderstorms.Goldilocks problem: Much like a certain fairy tale figure's porridge, the temperature of the air flowing into a supercell storm has to be just right for a tornado to form, <a target="_blank" href="https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/67/9/26/414837/What-we-know-and-don-t-know-about-tornado">according to researchers</a> Paul Markowski and Yvette Richardson. Everything needs to be perfect for all the other ingredients, too.<div type="image" title="A tornado cloud in front of a pinkish sky" height="1168" width="1732" msid="111871258" hostid="261" sizebytes="31026"></div>Hail: When rain freezes in a thunderstorm's updraft, it can turn into ice chunks ranging from pea-sized (0.25 inches) to grapefruit-sized (4.5 inches).Lagrangian mechanics: Joseph-Louis Lagrange <a target="_blank" href="https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/online/9280/Joseph-Louis-Lagrange">published</a> important work on celestial mechanics in the late 18th century. Researchers still use his principles in modeling work on tornadoes and thunderstorms.Phased Array Radar (PAR): The National Severe Storms Laboratory has used PAR for weather data since the early 2000s, installing a newer version in 2018. It's a large, stationary flat panel antenna on top of a building in Norman, Oklahoma. Experts can control the radar beam <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nssl.noaa.gov/tools/radar/atd/">electronically</a> and point it at a storm to get the most relevant data.Sodium polyacrylate: This super-absorbent polymer, which is often used in the gel layer of diapers, can <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cmu.edu/gelfand/lgc-educational-media/polymers/polymer-and-absorption/super-absorb-powder.html">irritate</a> the eyes and nose. It plays an important role in the film's opening scene.Supercell: Most storms aren't supercells, but these long-lived storms can be severe. Strong tornadoes are often the result of supercells.Tornado: When a thunderstorm causes a violent rotation of air to touch the ground, it <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tornadoes-more-us-than-anywhere-else-world-2019-5">creates a tornado</a>. Sometimes the funnel is visible but not always. Tornadoes need the right amount of moisture, instability, lift, and wind shear to develop.<div type="image" title="A tornado by some wind turbines with a field in front" height="1500" width="2250" msid="111871261" hostid="261" sizebytes="48724"></div>Tornado Alley: This is the area of the US where tornadoes have traditionally occurred most frequently. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-tornado-alley-is-shifting-east-to-mississippi-tennessee-alabama-2023-4">Tornado Alley</a> encompasses parts of Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas. Recent research suggests severe storm activity is shifting to states like Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee.Tornadogenesis: The process of tornado formation.Updraft: Warm air rising in a thunderstorm is called updraft. It sucks in more warm, moist air to help power the storm. If the updraft starts rotating vertically, it can produce a tornado.Vortex: A vortex is a horizontal or vertical mass of air that's rotating in a column or spiral. Some tornadoes can have more than one.Wind shear: Wind shear is when winds at different heights change speed or direction or both. If it contributes to rotation in a thunderstorm's updraft, a tornado can form.Despite taking some artistic license on how to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/twister-wrong-and-right-about-tornadoes-2019-6">stay safe from tornadoes</a>, the 1996 "Twister" movie inspired in many people a deep appreciation for and interest in meteorology — or, at the very least, in jaw-droppingly powerful storms. Now its sequel could do the same for a new generation.

The science you need to know before seeing 'Twisters'

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Director James Cameron said AI is making it harder for him to write relevant science fiction.</li><li>He talked about the impact of AI with Bill Gates in a newly released Netflix series.</li></ul>Artificial intelligence is making tasks easier for some — but harder for others.For the acclaimed film director James Cameron, AI is complicating his livelihood."It's getting hard to write science fiction. Any idea I have today is a minimum of three years from the screen. How am I going to be relevant in three years when things are changing so rapidly?" Cameron said to Microsoft cofounder <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-bill-gates-steve-jobs-feud-frenemies-2016-3">Bill Gates</a>.The conversation was depicted in the first episode of the billionaire's Netflix series, "What's Next? The Future with Bill Gates," which was released Wednesday. Gates sat down with Cameron, the acclaimed filmmaker behind "The Terminator," "Titanic" and "Avatar," for the episode called "What Can AI Do for Us/to Us?"The rapid development of AI has brought about excitement about new frontiers of discovery as well as stark warnings about the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-new-dark-age-risks-regulations-2024-5">risks</a> regarding <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/we-asked-gpt4-summarize-imf-profound-concerns-about-gen-ai-2024-6">labor disruptions</a>, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-google-meta-all-admitting-the-risks-ai-poses-2024-7">misinformation, and security threats</a>.Some tech and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/barry-diller-dire-warning-about-ai-2024-4">business leaders</a> have <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/fortune-500-companies-ai-regulation-risk-factor-business-annual-reports-2024-8">called for regulation</a> and issued <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-report-risks-human-extinction-state-department-expert-reaction-2024-3">dire warnings about the nascent technology.</a>Though such warnings could seem "trite," Cameron said he'd seen this film before."Let me give you an example of the last great symbol of unheeded warnings: the Titanic. Steaming full speed into the night thinking, 'We'll just turn if we see an iceberg,' is not a good way to sail a ship."Cameron, known for his science fiction chops and his own scientific exploration, has concerns about people putting their faith in machines and losing a critical sense of their own purpose, he told Gates."I think we're going to get to a point where we're putting our faith more and more and more in the machines without humans in the loop, and that can be problematic," Cameron said. "As we take people out of the loop, what are we replacing their sense of purpose and meaning with?"The filmmaker behind "The Terminator" compared the phenomenon of the AI takeover to someone with early onset dementia losing their physical and mental capabilities and sense of self."They give up control, and what you get? You get anger. You get fear and anxiety. You get depression because you know it's not going to get better. It's going to be progressive," Cameron said. "If we want AI to thrive and be channeled into productive uses, how do we alleviate that anxiety? I think that should be the challenge of the AI community right now."

James Cameron told Bill Gates that it's 'getting hard to write science fiction' in the world of AI

<ul class="summary-list"><li>There's even more evidence that creatine may be the best-value fitness supplement you can buy.</li><li>Studies suggest it can help you build muscle, burn fat, boost performance, and even protect your brain.</li></ul>If you're going to buy one supplement for better gains, efficient fat loss, and improved overall health, growing evidence points to <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/creatine-supplements-build-muscle-how-to-use-expert-advice-2022-3">creatine</a> as the best bang for your buck.Long a staple of the sports world and bodybuilding community alike, creatine is an combo of amino acids that provides energy to muscles. Our bodies naturally produce some creatine, and we can also get a bit of creatine in some foods like meat and fish.It's also one of the most researched <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/supplements-weight-loss-muscle-gain-should-you-use-for-fitness-2022-3">fitness supplements</a>, and study after study suggests it can offer a boost to performance, more strength and muscle gains, and even a healthier brain.Creatine isn't new — it caught on as a supplement <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3963244/">in the 90s</a> thanks to Olympians who swore by it for elite athletic competition.But <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/creatine-muscle-building-supplement-shortage-price-hikes-may-continue-2022-5">demand has exploded</a> in the past few years, and it's considered such as staple that gym buffs were willing to pay double the price during shortages post-pandemic.And it's not just consumers; scientists agree. This summer, even more science emerged, backing up the benefits of creatine for building muscle and burning fat, and side effects are minimal.With all the evidence stacking up, and creatine's relatively low price point, experts consistently recommend it as a go-to supplement in the gym. Here's why you might want to try it (if you haven't already).<h2 id="49f121f4-2c03-46b3-9e43-6fd61ace0106">Creatine helps fuel more reps, leading to better gains</h2>The latest findings on creatine suggest it has a modest benefit for both muscle building and fat loss, according to a study published July 23 in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39074168/">The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research</a>.Researchers from the University of New South Wales concluded from existing data that creatine users get an extra 2.4 pounds of lean muscle, and lose nearly 1.5 pounds more fat, than people who don't supplement.Extensive previous research backs up the finding <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/what-are-the-benefits-of-creatine">creatine is linked to benefits</a> which, while small, can be significant.It works by providing extra fuel to muscle tissue, powering more work in the gym for better gains, or faster fat burning, and can is also stored in the brain to protect cognitive health per <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8912287/">recent research</a>.In contrast, other top fitness supplements have more mixed evidence when it comes to building muscle and burning fat. They may be useful, but in specific contexts:<ul><li><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/pre-workout">Preworkouts</a> are hugely popular. Scientists warn that they vary widely in ingredients. <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-supplements-herbs-dangerous-2017-5">Proprietary blends</a> often don't disclose what you're actually getting, and rely mostly on caffeine for any benefits.</li><li><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/fitness/bcaa">BCAAs</a> are amino acids that help your muscle tissue recover and build back stronger. There's mixed evidence that supplementing them helps, since you likely get enough amino acids through food already.</li><li><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bodybuilder-dietitian-shares-tips-for-eating-protein-to-build-muscle-2023-3">Protein shakes and powders</a> are mostly a convenient source of nutrition you could otherwise get through food — there's nothing extra in it that boosts your gains, according to a dietitian.</li></ul>Other supplements are less evidence-based, less reliable, and can have more risks, particularly when <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tiktok-influencers-promoting-sarms-ped-steriod-like-substances-teens-2023-11">bought online</a> via grey market websites.The only supplement that comes close to challenging creatine in terms of wide-ranging benefit and extensive research is caffeine. While caffeine can boost workouts and is relatively safe in moderate doses, it can have <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/diet-nutrition/pre-workout">serious side effects in large amounts</a>, so you're better off having a coffee than a concentrated supplement.<h2 id="63567518-7cad-4c1a-abd9-100ac3b924b5">The best type of creatine to choose for muscle gains and fat loss</h2>Not all creatine on the market is the same. The most well-researched form is <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/health/fitness/best-creatine-supplements">creatine monohydrate</a>, which has enough evidence behind it that sports nutritionists consider it reliably effective and safe. Mild side effects like digestive upset can occur, but tend to be temporary and mostly linked to higher doses.It's also safe for your wallet. Even with <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/creatine-muscle-building-supplement-shortage-price-hikes-may-continue-2022-5">past shortages</a>, creatine monohydrate tends to be the cheapest form, especially if you buy it pure instead of mixed into complicated pre- or post-workout blends.Still, despite all the potential benefits of creatine, it's not a panacea. No supplement, no matter how well-researched, can match the benefits of healthy lifestyle factors like nutrition, sleep, and consistent exercise. Trainers recommend starting with high-value habits like these first <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/supplements-weight-loss-muscle-gain-should-you-use-for-fitness-2022-3">before trying supplements</a>.Once you're nailing your gym routine and diet, creatine might be just the thing to give your routine an extra edge.

The 1 fitness supplement worth taking to burn fat and build muscle, according to science

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The rise of AI could lead to fewer jobs in tech since companies can hire fewer software engineers.</li><li>But computer science professors told BI that students may not want to switch majors yet.</li></ul>Getting a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/computer-science-job-market-was-tougher-than-i-expected-2023-12">computer science degree</a> used to be a stable path for any college student looking to secure a tech job right after graduation.But <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/impact-of-big-tech-layoffs-amazon-meta-microsoft-google-salesforce-2023-2">Big Tech layoffs and waning job vacancies</a> have <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/computer-science-major-myth-job-security-money-salary-2023-11">cast a gloom over the entire sector</a>. And if that wasn't enough, computer science majors don't just have to compete amongst themselves, they need to watch out for AI too.With the proliferation of AI tools like <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/codex-github-copilot-chatgpt-openai-productivity-2023-3">GitHub Copilot</a>, tech companies may not need to hire as many software engineers as before since leaner teams can reasonably complete the same amount of code."As an industry, it's going to shrink, and only people who really understand what they're doing are going to survive," <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/swamiaditya/?originalSubdomain=sg">Aditya Swami</a>, who heads product development efforts at Singaporean venture capital firm Hatcher+, told <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/with-ai-theres-no-future-for-slow-moving-code-monkeys-2024-7">Business Insider</a> in July.Students thinking of switching majors in the face of the AI revolution may want to hold their horses. Computer science professors that BI spoke to said that earning a degree in the field is just as, if not more, valuable in the age of AI.<h2 id="8a391486-55f7-4776-8fce-0100b34f683c">AI has made computer science more, not less, important</h2>"The AI wave is actually driving demand for computing professionals in general, because maturing AI is transformative and needs to be integrated into many facets of life," said <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/~kanmy/">Kan Min Yen</a>, a National University of Singapore computer science professor.This, Kan said, is because computer science isn't so much about coding as it is an approach to solving problems. He added that AI at its essence is just another tool that software engineers can use in their work."The proper development and use of AI still requires fundamental knowledge of software engineering, data management, and security, all tenets of a holistic computing education," Kan said.<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/harvard-computer-science-professor-prisoners-use-phones-cs50-free-class-2023-1">David Malan</a>, a computer science professor at Harvard, told BI that AI won't displace software engineers in the near term and would instead amplify their productivity."Consider just how many more features they can implement, how many more bugs they can fix, if they have a virtual assistant by their side," Malan said.And concerns over AI's impact on tech jobs might also be overblown since most companies aren't just looking for code monkeys to churn out software."Although AI enhances efficiency and allows people to do more with less, writing code is just a part of a software engineer's role," said <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/adriangohjw/">Adrian Goh</a>, cofounder of <a target="_blank" class="" href="http://www.nodeflair.com/">NodeFlair</a>, a job board for tech professionals in Asia."Engineers also need to understand requirements from designers, project managers, and business teams, translating those requirements into functional code — tasks that require a lot of context and nuanced understanding," he added.<h2 id="59336584-3828-484c-a10e-9ed8374cba38">The rules of the game haven't changed with AI</h2>When asked if computer science graduates should start building a niche for themselves in the job hunt by studying other subjects like finance and law, Malan disagreed."No, the world is only becoming more technological and will still need skilled and educated humans to steer it," he said. "Odds are AI will impact finance and law as well."Instead, Malan suggested that students embrace lifelong learning while not neglecting the tried-and-tested approach of working on their own projects."Having a portfolio of projects under one's belt can certainly help, insofar as you can draw on those experiences in applications and interviews to paint a picture of how you think and solve problems," he added.Besides focusing on the technical aspects of the job, Kan said that students shouldn't forget about their soft skills as well.Software engineering as a profession, he added, is really a team sport that prizes communication, coordination, and collaboration."Computer science is an evergreen profession, as it is not about the tools but more about the mindset and product," Kan said."We don't define the worth of a carpenter by her tools or a chef by his knives, but by the furniture or dishes they create. It is the same with a computer science-trained professional using tools such as AI."

AI won't kill your computer science degree, professors say

<ul class="summary-list"><li>James O'Brien is a UC Berkeley professor who says tech graduates struggle to secure top jobs.</li><li>He says AI and outsourcing are affecting entry-level tech positions.</li></ul>This as-told-to essay is based on a conversation with James O'Brien, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. The following has been edited for length and clarity.I've been a professor of computer science at UC Berkeley since 2000.Recently, I've noticed how difficult it is for tech graduates to enter the job market right now.At least in technology, it's a very different landscape than it has been in the past. It's not just my students; it's a hard time for everyone right now.Over the years, students I've worked with, taught, or known from other schools have typically had little trouble finding a job after graduating with a tech degree.There were lots of opportunities. Quite often, recent graduates would receive multiple offers and be left to try to decide between two really great choices.But now, things have changed. There's still demand for people, and some people are getting jobs, but not across the entire industry. Our view from Berkeley is also a little distorted because we're one of the top schools, so most of our students are still getting offers.But rather than getting five great offers, they might only get one great offer or an offer from their second choice. This is certainly not what we've seen in the past.There are also people coming from other schools that don't have quite the strong reputation that Berkeley does, and they're not getting job offers at all.<h2 id="a6033b3a-39c2-41e7-a59a-5ca3b3cbc18f">Some programming roles are disappearing</h2>It's not just the technology jobs that are being affected.Any "hands-on keyboard job" is at risk of being contracted out offshore or outsourced to AI.Another problem is that many companies are also trying to consolidate a bit. These things are all coming together like a perfect storm.In tech, programming positions that aren't that demanding are disappearing. You can now use a programming assistant that's based on a large language model to basically write a lot of code for you. So, where a company would have had to hire one or two people before, they no longer need to.They are still entry-level jobs that involve basically babysitting the AI — but these systems are getting better very quickly.Certain specializations like CS-AI or data science still seem in high demand, but I'm concerned that this may not last.The job market is still shrinking, and I think that may accelerate over the next few years. It's definitely something we've seen over the last two to three years, but this last year, it has accelerated.Students are aware that the job market is changing, and many of them are considering specializing in AI or data science because they want to take advantage of this new situation.<h2 id="aeabb933-7312-4c73-a01c-5baefc13dcfc">We need to accept the idea of universal basic income </h2>It's tempting to say we'll somehow protect the jobs and prevent them from disappearing, but I don't know how successful that would be.If a technology exists for doing something faster, better, and more efficiently, it's very hard to tell someone not to use that. We can't demand companies spend a lot more money and do it more slowly with a human person.That approach would stifle innovation and business.I think we need to accept the idea of paying people a universal basic income — a system that gives people a basic amount of support that's not contingent on anything. That way if you get a job, you still get that basic support. But if you don't get a job, you still have support.I can understand when people have issues with UBI and question why the results of their work should be given to someone else.But if machines are doing the work instead of us, then it's a different formula. Instead of taxing people, we would be able to tax the work done by machines or AI automation and use that to provide a basic level of income.

I'm a computer science professor at UC Berkeley. Tech jobs are drying up and graduates are no longer guaranteed a role. 

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/satya-nadella-microsoft-management-leadership-advice-how-to-run-business-2024-6">Satya Nadella</a> became the third CEO of Microsoft almost a decade ago.</li><li>The former engineer reformed its corporate culture and has driven growth with innovation and partnerships.</li></ul>When Satya Nadella took over as <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/leaked-microsoft-employees-engineers-salary-ai-pay-gap-2024-8">Microsoft</a> CEO on February 4, 2014, the company was struggling.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsofts-got-a-big-problem-with-windows-8-its-not-easy-for-windows-users-to-figure-out-2012-5">Windows 8 had been a disaster</a>. Microsoft employees were constantly battling behind the scenes for supremacy. And all the while, consumers and developers alike were losing faith in the company cofounded by Bill Gates.How times have changed.In January, as Nadella neared a decade in charge, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-becomes-world-most-valuable-company-market-cap-apple-ai-2024-1">Microsoft overtook Apple to become the world's most valuable public company</a> worth more than $3 trillion, although Apple later regained its crown.The resurgence has been credited to Nadella's savvy embrace of partnerships, dedication to innovation, and <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/satya-nadella-microsoft-powerhouse-ai-investment-openai-2024-7">shakeup of the company culture</a>.Here's how Nadella, 57, worked his way up the ranks of Microsoft and executed this startling turnaround.This article has been updated since its original publication in 2016.<div type="image" title="Satya Nadella Microsoft Build" height="1534" width="2738" msid="112873303" hostid="261" sizebytes="33824"></div><h2 id="397627e9-2f10-4655-8513-fc8083a9bd27">Upbringing and education</h2>Satya Narayana Nadella was born in Hyderabad, India in 1967.His father was a civil servant and his mother was a professor of the ancient language Sanskrit.From a young age, Nadella wanted to be a professional cricket player, and played in school. However, he realized that his athletic talent was outmatched by his passion for science and technology.Nadella received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the Manipal Institute of Technology in 1988. "I always knew I wanted to build things," he once said.The institution didn't have a comprehensive computer science program, so he traveled to the US to attend the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and graduated in 1990.He later received an MBA from the University of Chicago.<div type="image" title="Microsoft store sign" height="2121" width="3182" msid="112873306" hostid="261" sizebytes="109380"></div><h2 id="07ae4982-da47-42cf-a398-d2075fca3555">Joining Microsoft</h2>Nadella stayed in the US and got a job on the technology team at Sun Microsystems, then one of the most innovative tech companies.But in 1992 he joined Microsoft, where cofounder Bill Gates was still CEO and Windows had just begun its march to world domination."I remember distinctly walking into building 22 at Microsoft in 1992 thinking that's the greatest job on earth I have and I don't need anything more," he said in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/dont-wait-your-next-job-do-best-work-microsoft-ceo-satya-roslansky/?trackingId=JKPtxUqmQPCHI0iSk3v0zA%3D%3D">an interview</a> with LinkedIn CEO Ryan Roslansky.Nadella's first projects included Microsoft's ill-fated interactive TV product and the Windows NT operating system.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-young-windows-nt-in-devcast-telethon-video-2017-9">A baby-faced Nadella also helped pitch Microsoft's Visual Basic in a telethon-style broadcast</a> designed for developers, circa 1993.<h2 id="a1e05fb0-fccc-4d0e-93b4-9c7e7f375618">Early career</h2>In his early years at Microsoft, Nadella impressed his coworkers and managers alike by commuting every weekend from Microsoft's Redmond, Washington, campus to Chicago to finish his MBA.By 1999, Nadella landed his first executive role as vice president of the newly created Microsoft Central, a set of web services for small businesses that included website hosting and email.In 2000, Microsoft got its second CEO: <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-former-microsoft-ceo-steve-ballmer-spends-fortune-2024-7">Steve Ballmer</a>.A year later, Nadella was promoted to corporate VP of Microsoft Business Solutions.By 2007, Nadella had taken another step up the ladder. He was made senior VP of Microsoft Online Services, putting him in command of the Bing search engine, as well as early online versions of Microsoft Office and the Xbox Live gaming service.In February 2011, Nadella was promoted to president of the Server and Tools division. It encompassed cash-cow products for data centers such as Windows Server and the SQL Server databases.But it was also home to one of CEO Steve Ballmer's boldest gambles, the Microsoft Azure cloud platform.<div type="image" title="Steve Ballmer Microsoft" height="1000" width="1315" msid="112873310" hostid="261" sizebytes="34472"></div><h2 id="5dd84cbd-aad5-4c2d-be3c-d983120d0ca7">Trouble at Microsoft</h2>In the early 2010s, Microsoft was running into trouble.On the PC side, Windows 8 was a disaster, the iPhone and Android were outrunning Windows phones by leaps and bounds, and Bing just couldn't make a dent in Google's search dominance.The company was facing an antitrust suit from the European Union and its stock price kept dropping.In August 2013, an embattled Ballmer announced his departure, sparking a search for a new CEO. The search committee included Ballmer and Gates.<div type="image" title="nadella gates ballmer" height="714" width="1000" msid="112873312" hostid="261" sizebytes="81518"></div><h2 id="8f12e3e2-d7b2-4666-a412-bca2d001b945">Nadella takes over</h2>In February 2014, after much rumor and speculation, Nadella was announced as CEO, with the support of Ballmer and Gates.He was awarded an $84 million first-year compensation package.Nadella quickly won over employees by making big changes, quickly, in an effort to right the ship and win back customers.He <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.thestreet.com/technology/satya-nadella-is-quoting-oscar-wilde-in-his-first-email-as-microsoft-ceo-12305159">sent a company-wide email</a> when he took over, calling for Microsoft to "prioritize innovation that is centered on our core value of empowering users and organizations."<h2 id="16ae683c-879a-4a80-aab0-0fdc3eb1415f">Partnerships with rivals</h2>Nadella proved he wasn't afraid to shake things up and invigorate the company by embracing partnerships with rivals including Apple, Google, and Amazon.He started by adopting the rival Linux operating system for the Azure cloud — a once-unthinkable move.But soon, Nadella had overseen the release of Microsoft Office for the Apple iPad; spent $2.5 billion buying Mojang, the studio behind the hit game Minecraft; and released first-class iPhone and Android apps, including Outlook.Innovation also led to the development of HoloLens, Microsoft's super-futuristic holographic goggles, and its first laptop, the Surface Book.When something didn't work he was unafraid to ditch projects, such as skipping Windows 9 to go straight to the superior Windows 10.Nadella's philosophy is about partnering and ensuring Microsoft software and services are available wherever customers are — even if that's not Windows.In fact, in 2015, Nadella used an iPhone on stage at an event to show off his favorite Microsoft apps. His predecessor Steve Ballmer, famously <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ballmer-snatches-microsoft-employees-iphone-at-company-meeting-pretends-to-stomp-on-it-2009-9">pretended to stomp on one</a> at a company meeting.<div type="image" title="Satya Nadella" height="1667" width="2500" msid="112873304" hostid="261" sizebytes="99996"></div><h2 id="3e881d2a-050d-4f99-8562-6c6b42694d52">Leadership style</h2>Nadella's approach to leadership was credited with reforming the company's culture.Many workers are fond of his leadership style, which emphasizes learning and making mistakes as a hedge against overconfidence and arrogance."It doesn't matter if you're a top executive or a first-line seller — he has exactly the same quality of listening," Microsoft executive vice president Jean-Philippe Courtois <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hbr.org/2019/11/the-leader-as-coach">has said</a>.<h2 id="7e87fbb0-79da-4d05-9363-861e2796c15a">Personal life</h2>Nadella, 57, and his wife, Anu, have had three children and live in Bellevue, Lake Washington.Their oldest son, Zain, was born with severe cerebral palsy and required specialized care. He died in 2022, aged 26."Becoming a father of a son with special needs was the turning point in my life that has shaped who I am today," Nadella wrote in<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blogs.microsoft.com/accessibility/satya-nadella-the-moment-that-forever-changed-our-lives/"> a 2017 essay</a> on LinkedIn.He called Zain "the joy of our family, whose strength and warmth both inspire and motivate me to keep pushing the boundaries of what technology can do."Nadella has said the experience has encouraged him to lead with empathy, telling <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/inspirational-stories/a46221/satya-anu-nadella-microsoft/">Good Housekeeping</a> "it has had a profound impact on how I think, lead and relate to people."<h2 id="18b1412a-52c4-4c02-9c90-bbfc66c963c4">Nadella's acquisitions spree</h2>Under Nadella, Microsoft has made some of its biggest acquisitions, including the $26 billion purchase of LinkedIn in 2016, the $7.5 billion acquisition of code-sharing site GitHub in 2018, and the <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-set-to-buy-activision-blizzard-billion-2023-10">$69 billion deal</a> with video games publisher Activision Blizzard in 2023.Nadella has said <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-satya-nadella-shares-what-makes-good-acquisition-2023-10">he has two main criteria</a> when eyeing acquisitions: what value Microsoft can add and how much financial sense it makes.<div type="image" title="Satya Nadella standing between the OpenAI and Microsoft logos." height="1304" width="2000" msid="112873309" hostid="261" sizebytes="38986"></div><h2 id="ce34d74d-b43a-4173-ba30-0561e95e2080">What's next</h2>Nadella's been busy. And investors love it: From 2014 to 2015, his first year, Microsoft stock jumped 14%.But over the past decade, it's soared to new heights, and Microsoft started this year by knocking Apple off the top spot to become the<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-becomes-world-most-valuable-company-market-cap-apple-ai-2024-1"> world's most valuable public company</a> and becoming only the second to exceed a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-stock-price-market-cap-trillion-apple-ai-magnificent-seven-2024-1">$3 trillion valuation</a>. Apple has since regained the number one spot, but both milestones were highly notable.Nadella's biggest move in recent years has been <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-microsoft-openai-agreements-differences-iphone-chatgpt-sam-altman-2024-7">investing billions in OpenAI</a>.During the week of leadership chaos at OpenAI, Nadella stuck firm to ousted CEO Sam Altman, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-has-hired-former-openai-ceo-sam-altman-2023-11">offering him a job</a> at Microsoft. This provided crucial leverage for Altman to reclaim his CEO position while cementing Microsoft as an essential partner for the pioneering AI company.Microsoft is also making its own mark with a generative "AI companion" called <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-copilot-everyday-ai-companion-paid-subscription-2024-1">Copilot</a> to be integrated into its suite of apps. It's a bet on a future in which every person and organization has their own <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ai-personal-virtual-assistant-work-home-chatgpt-deepmind-2023-9">personal AI assistant to handle mundane tasks</a>.Vodafone and Microsoft also have a partnership to bring generative AI, digital and cloud services to European and African markets.January 31, 2024: This story was updated to clarify that the specific figures associated with Microsoft's investment in OpenAI haven't been officially confirmed.

Satya Nadella's career rise, from computer science student to turning Microsoft into a $3 trillion titan as CEO

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="23582686" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tim-tully" source="keywords">Tim Tully</keyword> taught himself to code when he was six and went to school for computer science.</li><li>He started his career in software engineering at startups and later worked at Yahoo and Splunk.</li></ul>Venture capitalist Tim <keyword id="23582684" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="tully" source="keywords">Tully</keyword>'s programming experience began at age six, when he taught himself to write code and make video games on an Apple II computer. Fast-forward to the present: Tully has a data center in a basement and is known to deploy software and try out startups' APIs when he's sussing out potential investments. He's also written code for some of his portfolio companies. Using his technical expertise as a former programmer and CTO, Tully is helping amass an impressive portfolio of AI startups at <keyword id="23582685" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="menlo" source="keywords">Menlo</keyword> Ventures. The firm, which has backed Chime, Warby <keyword id="20325026" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="parker" source="keywords">Parker</keyword>, Roku, and Uber, has historically focused broadly on early and growth-stage startups across the consumer, enterprise, and healthcare sectors. More recently, Menlo has <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/menlo-ventures-naomi-ionita-investor-3-lessons-growth-saas-2020-12">planted its flag in the generative AI space</a> as frenzy in the sector is creating new <keyword id="19926959" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="opportunities" source="keywords">opportunities</keyword> for early-stage startups. The firm closed a <a target="_blank" href="https://techcrunch.com/2023/11/16/menlo-ventures-closes-on-1-35b-in-new-capital-targets-investments-in-ai-startups/?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAJVkFGzX14zh8oeHL-Sgmmj-ke1177qyd4BoL1N3eHbqg52MVVO8w7Q3RR0puoRkQ4EVSoyHdffSI5guxcbH9Yl6z1fudXp_WheLfxYB72QiEo_1inwN7UZNPAOLctyEfQ-jGLcCesRz0ajnDsJPg8AVE2iYArspH-l5HM_X7Pbp">$1.35 billion fund</a> last year specifically for investing in fledgling AI startups, and it's already been an early backer of AI powerhouses including vector database <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chroma-weaviate-pinecone-raise-funding-a16z-index-vector-database-ai-2023-3">Pinecone</a>, LLM developer <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/researchers-at-anthropic-taught-these-ai-chatbots-how-to-lie-2024-1">Anthropic</a>, enterprise data cleaner Unstructured, conversational AI system Neon, automated data cleanup program Cleanlab, and many others. For Tully, one of Menlo's key check-writers in this space, having a background in computer science and operating experience has been necessary when it comes to evaluating potential AI investments. "I'm still coding every day," he said. "That really helps me for my job, and I think it's really hard to be a VC and invest in a deeply technical product if you don't have a technical background. I'm actually using this stuff." <h2>Before becoming a VC, Tully worked at startups and led engineering teams</h2>For Tully, who grew up in the Bay Area, computers and games have always been a core part of his life. He had an Apple II computer and cassette tape player that plugged into a TV on a rolling cart, which is where he taught himself to code by playing video games and reading through manuals. He said an early game of his, coded using Applesoft BASIC, was a text-based adventure game in which players would get lost in a forest and navigate through a maze, answering a series of fork-in-the-road puzzles to chase down the treasure. As a teenager, Tully had a bank of modems at his mom's house to organize a <a target="_blank" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/11/the-lost-civilization-of-dial-up-bulletin-board-systems/506465/">bulletin board system</a> – a pre-internet computer server that other users could dial into – to host pirated video games. After college, Tully gravitated toward startups, becoming a software engineer at the dot-com-era companies iScale and Pillar Data Systems, the latter of which he left in 2003 and was eventually acquired by Oracle. He spent 14 years at Yahoo, working his way up to lead engineering for Yahoo, AOL, and its media properties, which included the Huffington Post, Tumblr, Polyvore, and Flurry, and managing a team of more than 850 people. In 2017, Tully joined data analytics company Splunk as its chief technology officer and senior vice president of product and engineering and managed the company's migration to the cloud. While he loved his team at Splunk, Tully said that he was always interested in the investing side of the tech world, and his interest was further piqued by his wife, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sequoia-partner-jess-lee-advice-for-startup-founders-2022-9">Jess Lee</a>, who has been a partner at Sequoia since 2016. "Growing up in the Valley, I had this in the back of my mind, and I thought that as a technical person, I could do the job differently, so I began to take some calls," he said. One of those calls eventually turned into a job offer at Menlo Ventures, and Tully joined the firm as a partner in 2021. "This was an opportunity to be part of the next wave of folks that joined the firm, which was exciting to me because I'm a builder," he said. <h2>At Menlo Ventures, Tully writes checks for AI startups at the app and infrastructure layers</h2>Since joining Menlo, Tully has invested in nine startups, including Pinecone, which raised a $28 million Series A in 2022; Neon, which raised a $46 million Series B in 2023; Unstructured, which raised a $40 million Series B in 2024; and JuliaHub, an AI programming startup that raised $24 million in 2021. Another of his portfolio companies, AI quality management software startup True Era, was acquired by Snowflake earlier this year. For Tully, finding camaraderie with technical founders has been a winning strategy so far in his VC career. "My background helps me connect with technical founders because they want investors who they can talk shop with," he said. "I've managed teams and have been CTO of a public company." He's also written code as a way to help win over startups in the broader Menlo Ventures portfolio. In 2022, another Menlo partner, Naomi Pilosof Ionita, was working to land a deal for fintech startup Orb. The company didn't have a software development kit, so Tully wrote them one, printed out a link to the devkit, rolled it into a scroll, and delivered it to the startup. That helped seal the deal, and Ionita led Orb's $14 million Series A funding round. While Menlo has been bolstering its portfolio with AI-infrastructure startups, Tully said he's excited about opportunities at the application layer. This means looking at various vertical AI categories, including legaltech — he wrote a $14 million seed check for the AI legal assistant Eve, which was announced in 2023 — as well as marketing and automation. And, perhaps unsurprisingly, Tully is also trying out various AI coding copilots, and he says that the tech is making him "50-60% more productive if I'm being honest." "I'm really high on AI coding assistants," he said. "Opportunities in this space are pretty compelling." Correction: October 8, 2024 -- An earlier version of the story misstated the year Pillar Data Systems was acquired by Oracle, which was in 2011, not in 2003, which was when Tully left the company. It also said that Menlo Ventures invested in Eve in 2022, and the correct year is 2023. .

Tim Tully taught himself to code at age 6 and still codes daily. Here's how computer science took him from startups to AI investing at Menlo Ventures.

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<ul class="summary-list"><li>Microsoft on Monday cut hundreds Azure jobs to focus on AI investments, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-cuts-azure-jobs-cloud-2024-6">Business Insider reported</a>.</li><li>An internal memo said a focus to "define the AI wave" was behind the changes.</li></ul><a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/quantinuum-new-quantum-computer-microsoft-jpmorgan-nvidia-2023-5">Quantum computing</a> is a gnarly technical challenge that tech giants have been hacking away at for more than a decade.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-ai-linkedin-copilot-document-2024-5">Microsoft</a> isn't giving up, according to an internal memo detailing cuts in other parts of the company's operations.Business Insider broke the news on Monday that Microsoft is <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-cuts-azure-jobs-cloud-2024-6">cutting hundreds of jobs</a> from its Azure cloud business. Executive <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-exec-blames-azure-layoffs-on-ai-wave-leaked-memo-2024-6">Jason Zander</a> blamed the cuts on Microsoft's need to purse AI investments, according to an internal memo obtained by BI.In that memo, Zander also discussed other areas where Microsoft is doubling down, although he still described this as part of the company's broader AI efforts."Looking ahead, we will increase investments in Quantum and Science, demonstrating the exciting possibilities of AI and cloud computing," Zander wrote in the memo.He highlighted Microsoft breakthroughs, such as the discovery of a new battery electrolyte that he said uses 70% less lithium, as well as the first demonstration of "reliable logical qubits."Traditional computers rely on bits representing ones and zeros to complete tasks. In contrast, a quantum bit, or "qubit," represents a one and a zero at the same time. Many qubits working together could in theory create a computer that performs some calculations exponentially faster."We have more innovations like this already under way and are seeing an acceleration of discovery with our customers as well," Zander also wrote in the memo. "Going forward we will accelerate the product roadmap and build up this next generation business, building on the foundation we established with Azure Quantum Elements and infrastructure components built in AFO."AFO is Microsoft's Azure for Operators, a team from which Microsoft on Monday cut <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-cuts-azure-jobs-cloud-2024-6">as many as 1,500 employees</a>, according to an estimate from one of the people familiar with the cuts.Are you a Microsoft employee or someone else with insight to share?Contact Ashley Stewart via email (<a target="_blank" href="mailto:astewart@businessinsider.com">astewart@businessinsider.com</a>), or send a secure message from a non-work device via Signal (+1-425-344-8242).

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