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<ul class="summary-list"><li>A recent <a href="https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/childrens-health/half-of-parents-regularly-give-kids-a-dietary-supplement">poll</a> found half of all parents regularly give their <keyword id="6354493" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="children" source="Orion">children</keyword> <keyword id="11911136" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="supplements" source="Orion">supplements</keyword> like fish oil and probiotics.</li><li>Two parents told Insider they give their kids supplements due to carb-heavy school lunches and to help create a positive relationship with food.</li></ul>As a personal trainer and nutritionist, dad-of-two Frank Cammalleri takes meal times seriously. Dinner is a colorful mix of carrots, collard greens, and onions, stir-fried with chicken — a simple dish packed with protein and vitamins.But his 10-year-old son, not so much. "My youngest, yeah, he was a little bit fickle and a little picky to my taste," Cammalleri told Insider. "Not totally what I expected."Cammalleri, out of concern his son wasn't getting enough vitamins and nutrients from his diet, put him on a regular dietary supplement plan a couple years ago. "Wherever I see what he's not eating, I try to fill in that gap," the father said.<a href="https://www.crnusa.org/newsroom/dietary-supplement-use-reaches-all-time-high">Cammalleri isn't the only parent turning to supplements. Dietary supplement consumption</a> in the US hits an all-time high, and new survey data suggests parents are key buyers.A recent <a href="https://healthblog.uofmhealth.org/childrens-health/half-of-parents-regularly-give-kids-a-dietary-supplement">poll</a> by the University of Michigan found half of a nationally representative sample of 1,251 parents polled said they rely on supplements, and a <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00431-022-04504-w">recent study</a> from Germany found the prevalence of medicine and supplement use in kids increased between 2014 to 2019.The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6943a1.htm">a third of children</a> and adolescents take dietary supplements, citing 2018 nationwide survey data. A child's diet can impact their <a href="https://www.insider.com/vegetarian-kids-more-likely-to-be-underweight-study-suggests-2022-5">weight</a>, <a href="https://www.insider.com/vegan-diet-may-stunt-growth-for-kids-study-2021-6">bone density</a>, <a href="https://www.insider.com/teenager-went-blind-eating-nothing-but-junk-food-2019-9">eyesight</a>, <a href="https://www.tc.columbia.edu/media/centers/tisch/briefs-pdfs/Food-and-Mood-Research-Briefv4.pdf">mood</a>, and a variety of other <a href="https://www.all4kids.org/news/blog/importance-of-good-nutrition-for-young-children/">health markers</a>, and <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/childrens-health/in-depth/nutrition-for-kids/art-20049335">Mayo Clinic</a> recommends feeding children a nutrient-dense diet with limited added sugar and saturated fats.Using supplements to achieve a balanced diet is not a terrible idea, <a href="https://pedsdoctalk.com/">Dr. Mona Amin</a>, a board certified <keyword id="13891844" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="pediatrician" source="Orion">pediatrician</keyword> in Florida who has not worked with Cammalleri, told Insider. But, Amin added, it's not something she would recommend lightly. Not only is there little to no evidence that many supplements work, there are also real risks associated with some pills if you don't get the dosage right, especially in children.<h2>Carb-heavy school lunches and the desire to create a healthy relationship with food are pushing parents to supplements</h2>Christina Chandra, a freelance food and <keyword id="11894571" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health" source="Orion">health</keyword> writer based in Vancouver, Canada, aims to give her kids balanced meals while teaching them to have a positive relationship with food — but the two goals coincided when they became picky eaters upon entering pre-school.Chandra's daughter tried "every fruit under the sun" but couldn't stand veggies, and her son was the opposite. Plus, she tries to let her kids eat what they want at birthday parties and during school.So, Chandra began her kids on multivitamins when they started elementary school to make sure they eat what they want and while getting their nutrients."I'm not going to always force them to eat everything, because I don't want them to have that negative relationship with food," Chandra told Insider. "In an ideal world, they're eating X amount of fruits and vegetables and protein and calcium, [but] I can see that's not always happening."Cammalleri said he began his kids on supplements after feeling like school lunches do an inadequate job providing nutritious meals. "I see that their menu is mostly carbs," Cammalleri said. "I think it's preventing my kids from learning more than what they should and what they're capable of learning in school."Registered dietitian <a href="https://www.alysonmartinez.com/">Alyson Martinez</a> told Insider she understands the desire for parents to give kids dietary supplements, as "it's rare to find a child who eats well at school lunch." A <a href="https://news.vcu.edu/article/2021/07/analysis-of-school-lunches-suggests-federal-nutrition-standards-should-be-maintained">recent study</a> by Virginia Commonwealth University found even school lunches that meet federal nutrient guidelines lack the daily recommended calorie, calcium, iron, vitamin A, vitamin C, and fiber intake for children.But concerns over school lunches should not make parents beeline to the supplement department, Martinez said: Kids can still meet their nutrient goals with breakfast, dinner, and snacks over the course of the week.<h2>A pediatrician's warning to parents: Supplements are not regulated, and you need to be careful with dosing</h2>Amin said, ideally, healthy children need only a varied diet — or one with diverse fruits, vegetables, spices, and probiotics — proper sleep, hydration, exercise, and time in the sun.Pediatricians will sometimes recommend a daily multivitamin to children who do not like eating a variety of fruits and veggies, Amin said."If a family really believes they've done their research and they want to give it, I'm not against it," Amin told Insider. "I just want them to know that it is something that's going into their child's body and they want to weigh their benefit and risk of that situation.However, given that the supplement industry is not FDA-regulated, Amin cautioned that there is no regulation ensuring the product's safety, or even that it's effective. A 2017 Consumer Lab <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gummy-vitamin-industry-convinced-adults-health-2020-10">study</a> found nearly half of all gummy vitamins have significantly different levels of nutrients than the label says they do.As for other popular supplements like vitamin D, magnesium, and fish oil, Amin said very few robust studies have been done to determine what dosage is right for children. Without that information, parents can run the risk of overdosing their kids with vitamins. Too much <a href="https://www.insider.com/signs-symptoms-too-much-vitamin-d-cramps-nausea-2022-5#you-are-falling-down-more-6">vitamin D</a>, for instance, can lead to confusion and gastrointestinal problems, while <a href="https://www.insider.com/vitamin-a-toxicity">vitamin A toxicity</a> can lead to long-term bone and liver damage. "When we don't know something in the medical community, parents need to make their own decision, understanding benefit and risk, and the fact that the medical literature is incomplete," Amin said.

Parents of picky eaters are increasingly replacing vegetables with dietary supplements. Doctors warn there could be real risks.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>At the start of the pandemic, Congress made <keyword id="12086761" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="school-lunches" source="Orion">school lunches</keyword> free and universal. That'll end June 30.</li><li>The House has pushed to extend the waivers, but Senate Republicans are holding them back.</li></ul>Prior to the pandemic, Jennifer Kapinus, who's in charge of food for a school district in rural Wisconsin, found herself doing something she hates: playing debt collector. Every week, she'd find herself calling parents over debts their children racked up while buying <keyword id="11965211" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="school-lunch" source="Orion">school lunch</keyword>. Many parents who would qualify for free or reduced-price meals never filled out applications, for any number of personal reasons. While "luckily" the district would never take away meals from students, Kapinus said, she would have to call parents and send out letters to get them to pay off debt they "honestly cannot afford to pay." <div type="image" title="Jennifer Kapinus" height="809" width="1079" msid="92473504" hostid="261" sizebytes="42366"></div>Kapinus isn't alone: Leah Botko, a food service director in Massachusetts, said there's about $20,000 in unpaid student debt every year in her district.Then the pandemic hit. In 2020, the government took several extraordinary measures to keep Americans financially afloat, from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/coronavirus-stimulus-check-questions-answers-2020-4">stimulus checks</a> to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/75-million-workers-will-lose-all-unemployment-benefits-in-september-2021-8">enhanced unemployment benefits</a>. Included in that were waivers making school lunch free for every K-12 student.The waivers meant that kids weren't going into <keyword id="14294141" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="school-lunch-debt" source="Orion">school lunch debt</keyword>, or dealing with the shame of being on free or reduced-price lunch — and that lunch providers could expand what food they were offering to their students.But Republicans are blocking the renewal of the waivers, spelling a potential end for the program on June 30.In Kapinus's district, with meals now free, participation increased greatly. Same for Botko, whose program used to feed about 40 kids a day. Now, they're feeding at least 280 daily. The more kids they fed, the more reimbursement they got from the federal government. Kapinus's district was able to afford to "feed our kids better and healthier," buying local meat and fresh produce. They were able to staff up, and replace equipment. Botko has partnered with a local farm down the street to buy produce.That helps the local <keyword id="11893570" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="economy" source="Orion">economy</keyword>, Botko said, and it helps parents get more onboard with school lunches."They don't think of school lunch as something that comes out of the freezer anymore. It comes right down the street," she said. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-usda-free-school-lunches-program-kids-schools-2021-4">Congress extended the program once in 2021</a>, ensuring that the nearly 12 million children who didn't have enough to eat at some point in the pandemic could get food at school. But lawmakers — and, specifically, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mitch-mcconnell-opposes-free-school-lunches-for-kids-washington-post-2022-3">Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell</a> — opted not to renew the universal program as part of the spending package passed in March that kept the government open. However, a bipartisan agreement was struck to renew a limited waiver program that would ensure some children are still able to get free meals through the summer.<h2>"Kids deserve to be healthy, they deserve to be well-fed"</h2><div type="image" title="Rand Paul." height="2000" width="4000" msid="92473506" hostid="261" sizebytes="1332044"></div>Some states like California already have universal school lunch programs. State lawmakers in New York, Massachusetts, <a href="https://www.americanprogress.org/article/urgent-congressional-action-is-needed-to-stave-off-hunger-for-millions-of-students/">and a handful</a> of other states are attempting to establish their own programs, but students in most states will be left out once the federal program ends."You're creating an issue of equity just based on the geography of where these kids live," Meier said.To qualify for free meals during the 2022 school year, a family of three <a href="https://www.fns.usda.gov/cn/fr-021622">needs</a> to make an income of $29,939 or below, considered 130% of the federal poverty level. That's a sharp reversal from the expansion over the last two years, which opened up free lunches to all students regardless of their family's income.Republicans lined up against renewing universal free lunches, arguing it's a pandemic-era program that shouldn't be made permanent. Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky objected to quick passage of a bipartisan agreement to extend a scaled back version of the program past June 30. But he secured some changes that allowed the Senate to pass it, sending it back to the House before Biden signs it."Kids deserve to be healthy, they deserve to be well-fed, and by extending these nutrition waivers before they expire we can make sure that no student will have to worry about where they are going to get their lunch during the summer," Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer said on Thursday.<h2>Some kids have only experienced schools with free and universal meals</h2>Some kids — especially younger ones — may not even remember a time without free lunch."They have now lived the majority of their public school life through a pandemic, where school is a guaranteed provider of meals. That's going to go away for them," Jillien Meier, the director of partnerships and campaign strategies for advocacy group No Kids Hungry, told Insider. "I don't think they're cognizant of that, but I guarantee you on the first day of school, if there isn't food in front of them, that's when it will be a problem."Amy Frewing has handed out some of those lunches. She works in the library of a large suburban elementary school in Oregon and distributed library books to kids through a pickup window during the height of the pandemic. She realized that families were coming to the school at a certain time every day to pick up their meals through the program. She changed her library window time to coincide with lunchtime pickup, so kids could get their books and their lunches at the same time. During a time of isolation, especially for students and teachers, it meant she got to see some of the same people every day."They never had to verify that they were a student of the school," Frewing said. "They never put a limit on how many lunches they could get, and it was always a selection of healthy snacks."She said that the program helped destigmatize kids getting their meals from school. Everyone was treated the same — unlike what she saw growing up, where kids on reduced-price lunch had different colored tickets in the cafeteria.On Fridays, she would send families home with larger packs to cover dinner and other weekend meals."When basic needs of food and shelter aren't being met, I think it's unconscionable. It's a basic human need," Frewing said. "I know that there's a lot of people who think that, oh, people need to pull themselves up by their bootstraps and this is the country of opportunity and there's so many jobs available. Try telling that to a single mom with children who is using the majority of their money just to cover shelter." Botko, the food service director in Massachusetts, is fielding emails from parents asking if lunch will be free next year. She's anticipating parents being upset, participation going down, and having to end relationships with local food sources.<div type="image" title="Leah Botko" height="843" width="1125" msid="92473509" hostid="261" sizebytes="92180"></div>When she was a kid, Botko qualified for reduced-price lunch. She never took advantage of it, though, because she was ashamed. History could repeat itself as the waivers wind down."I feel like kids are going to be embarrassed to get lunch again," she said.

Congress made school meals free for 2 years. Now, Republicans don't want to extend the program.

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="12736806" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="title-ix" source="Orion">Title IX</keyword> was enacted on June 23, 1972 to protect students from sex-based <keyword id="43748" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="discrimination" source="Orion">discrimination</keyword>.</li><li><keyword id="12072114" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="survivors" source="Orion">Survivors</keyword> of color told Insider they faced bias and heightened barriers when reporting sexual assault.</li></ul>When Anissa Cartagena was sexually assaulted by a fellow student at Delaware State University in 2019, she initially did not want to report the incident to the school.Cartagena said she was "extremely afraid" of Title IX and the police since she was drunk at the time and DSU is a dry campus. On top of that, Cartagena, who is half-Black and half-Hispanic, said she knew the odds were stacked against her."From a young age, I was told that if I were to go missing, no one would look for me, that no police officer or detective would help me. Girls like me, we don't get to be victims. We don't get justice," Cartagena told Insider.A resident advisor found out about the assault from a friend, and, as a mandatory reporter, reported the incident to the school despite Cartagena's objections. DSU's Title IX office contacted Cartagena a few days later, and she admitted her rape to the officials. <a href="https://www.justice.gov/crt/title-ix">Title IX</a>, a federal law enacted on June 23, 1972, requires institutions to protect all students, faculty, and staff from sex-based discrimination. Beginning in the 1980s, in response to student and faculty pressure, Title IX was expanded to include sexual misconduct. Prior to that, schools weren't required to investigate reports of sexual harassment.Survivors of color, like Cartagena, are especially overlooked as victims of sexual violence, and may face implicit or explicit bias during the Title IX process. Fifty years after Title IX was enacted, Insider spoke with survivors and experts about how a law intended to safeguard marginalized gender identities has failed to protect those who are doubly vulnerable due to their race and ethnicity."These types of laws tend to under-serve folks of marginalized genders and races, so women of color often suffer double or amplified harm," Tamara Lee, a professor and labor lawyer who teaches identity politics in the workplace at Rutgers University, told Insider. "There's a sexualization of racial harassment and a racialization of sexual harassment, but the laws are only built to remedy one of those things."<h2>Who gets to be a victim?</h2>While it's up to schools to establish Title IX reporting procedures, students typically must contact their school's Title IX investigation office and meet with an investigator, who will decide whether or not to open an investigation. In the weeks or months that follow, the investigator will collect evidence and interview the complainant, respondent, and witnesses, then issue a written decision or announce the decision at a hearing.The burden of proof during this process heavily rests on survivors, who must provide airtight statements, answer probing questions, and show incontrovertible evidence during months-long investigations. And changes to Title IX regulations under former president Trump's Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos — which narrowed the definition of sexual misconduct, permitted cross-examination of students who file reports, and required a presumption of innocence for the accused — have made allegations of sexual assault even more difficult to prove, which many critics said eroded protections for survivors.On June 23, 2022, the Biden administration <a href="https://www.ed.gov/news/press-releases/us-department-education-releases-proposed-changes-title-ix-regulations-invites-public-comment">announced</a> proposed changes to Title IX that would "provide full protection from sex-based harassment."Stricter Title IX rules disproportionately affect female students of color: Up to 45% of student survivors who reported sexual assault were women of color, even though they represent just 20% of students enrolled in college and university programs, a 2019 <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3168909">study</a> of 42 campus sexual assault cases found.Many survivors of color feel they face higher barriers when proving allegations of sexual assault. Women told Insider they were asked accusatory questions, including, "What were you wearing that night?" and "Did you do more than turn your head to resist him?" Experts and survivors say these questions not only re-traumatize survivors of sexual violence, but also paint a restricted picture of how a victim should or shouldn't look like or behave."The perfect victim is meek and mild-mannered, kind, blonde, skinny, frail, and white. It's the image of a perfect victim who needs to be protected," Sydney Brun-Ozuna, a Hispanic student who was sexually assaulted when she was a freshman at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 2017, told Insider. "The more you stray from that image, the less they think you need protection and the less people will fight to protect you."Cartagena echoed the same feeling, saying that as "a Black woman on the thicker side, if you were going to put me in front of a jury, they probably wouldn't see me as helpless."If it weren't for screenshots of messages her assailant sent her as he continued his harassment over social media, as well as slip-ups he made in his statements, Cartagena said she doubts her perpetrator would've been found responsible.<h2>Survivors of color are less likely to report sexual violence</h2>Incidents of sexual misconduct are vastly underreported: A <a href="https://perma.cc/3ZVV-T3P9">study</a> by The Association of American Universities found that 28% or less of even the most serious incidents are reported. There are a multitude of reasons why survivors said they hesitated to report sexual assault, including a convoluted and unclear Title IX process, a fear of retaliation, and a mistrust of institutions and law enforcement."Particularly for Black survivors, who are less likely to be believed, there are deep and real concerns when they have contact with the criminal justice system," Fatima Goss Graves, president of the National Women's Law Center, told Insider. "Some have had experiences of reporting serious acts of violence and then find themselves under investigation."Cartagena was put in this very situation several months after her Title IX case. Her assailant cross-filed against her in 2020, accusing her of sexual assault. In his statement, her perpetrator wrote that she was, "big and Black and ugly, and there's no way a person like him would rape a person like me," according to Cartagena.Though the school eventually dropped the cross-filing, Cartagena had to endure two months of an investigation that exposed her to scathing accusations and racist comments by her perpetrator and his supporters.Some survivors of color have also felt uncomfortable reporting their perpetrators because they themselves are international students or students from marginalized communities. Miranda Melson, who was raped by a student at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 2016, said she was worried her assailant would be deported to his home country if she spoke up — even if it didn't excuse his actions."I sympathized with that as a person of color," Melson said.Cartagena was explicitly told by her Title IX coordinator that if she didn't want to ruin the life of her assailant, who was from a marginalized community, she could just let it go."I felt so hurt and distraught because I remember thinking, what about my life? There was the notion that I didn't matter," Cartagena said.Survivors also said that a lack of <keyword id="11929860" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="diversity" source="Orion">diversity</keyword> in Title IX offices further exacerbated their feelings of being alone and misunderstood."The people who were investigating me, the person I reported to, my victim advocate — they were all white. It contributes to an indescribable but lingering feeling that no one quite understands your experience, or, more importantly, sees what happens the way you see it," Brun-Ozuna said.<h2>Schools' failures to address survivors' needs can have lasting impacts</h2>Brun-Ozuna's Title IX case fell through. Even though her perpetrator had tried to take back his original statement — which she thought would undermine his credibility — the Title IX investigators told Brun-Ozuna that inconsistencies in her account, like the number of times she reported that her perpetrator kissed her and the time of day they met, made her uncredible."That was when I truly realized how much the system was designed not to help me," Brun-Ozuna said. "The rules they had given were so different for me versus than for him, because it was so much easier for the university to say it hadn't happened."Brun-Ozuna appealed the decision and also filed a lawsuit against the university two years later, but her claim was dismissed.Schools' failure to adequately respond to allegations can have long-lasting impacts on survivors: 39% of survivors experienced a substantial disruption in their educations, including taking a leave of absence, transferring schools, or dropping out of school entirely, a Know Your IX <a href="https://www.knowyourix.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Know-Your-IX-2021-Report-Final-Copy.pdf">survey</a> of more than 100 student survivors who formally reported sexual violence found.During the weeks of investigation, Melson struggled to keep up with classes. When the University of Nebraska-Lincoln dropped her case, concluding that her assailant did not violate any policies and that "the greater weight of the evidence shows the parties engaged in consensual sexual activity," Melson said she almost felt worse than she did before.Melson's findings letter not only included inaccurate details, but also used language that made her feel like she was being blamed for the rape. "After the parties left the downtown area, Respondent suggested going back to his apartment. You agreed," the letter stated.Melson decided not to appeal the decision because she lost trust in the Title IX office.Cartagena's perpetrator still continues to send messages to her, her family, and organizations she was part of. She was told by a member of Delaware State's Title IX office she should transfer schools if she truly feared for her life."When I heard that, I felt my soul shatter in pieces. Why did I have to leave? I worked too hard to get into this school, to get these scholarships, but the school refused to understand," she said.<h2>A better Title IX system must include race and survivors' perspectives, experts say</h2>Title IX can be an effective tool to ensure equal access to education, and experts and survivors say it's on schools to create systems that enable students to feel safe and comfortable coming forward with allegations of sexual assault.Survivors stressed the importance of transparency around a school's Title IX office, including data about the number of cases and their outcomes, which would ensure colleges and investigators are held accountable.In order to protect girls who are experiencing amplified oppression because of the way their race and gender intersect, policymakers should consider laws that specifically include considerations about race, Rutgers' Lee added. For Lee, a race-conscious law cannot be colorblind. "If you give equal protection in an inequitable system, then the hierarchy and the privileges survive," Lee said. "Title IX is not uniquely set up to be race-conscious."Most importantly for survivors, conversations with students about their needs are crucial in shaping a process that's more trauma-informed, does not victim-blame, and protects all students of all identities."You have to think about what justice looks like for different people. For me, justice looks like being able to go to school and not be afraid that my perpetrator is going to harass me," Cartagena said. "Title IX means not being scared to come forward."

50 years since Title IX was enacted, survivors of sexual assault say the law failed to protect them

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Companies are dispersing their employees while cutting down on <keyword id="12110519" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="business-travel" source="Orion">business travel</keyword>.</li><li>Younger workers, keenest to <keyword id="11896628" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="travel" source="Orion">travel</keyword>, are likely to miss out on the chance to travel with work. </li></ul>The "new normal" is quickly coming into focus as major companies make permanent adjustments to how they do business, with a fluid workforce and high costs encouraging unprecedented flexibility.Airbnb <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/airbnb-flexible-work-remote-brian-chesky-no-loss-pay-2022-4">is letting employees choose where they work</a> in a growing migration away from fixed workplaces. Meanwhile, consultancies like BCG and McKinsey are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/which-consulting-and-accounting-firms-bonuses-perks-covid-big-3-2021-5">focusing on other perks to retain employees</a>.Now, firms are left wondering how they maintain a connection among their employees and increase incentives to stay, particularly for younger workers.<h2>Some companies are reluctant to return to old travel habits</h2>The impacts of the pandemic continue to make travel uncertain. According to <a href="https://www.transtats.bts.gov/TRAFFIC/">data from the Bureau for Transport Statistics</a>, total passenger enplanements in January 2022 were 19% below rates for January 2020. But while loosened restrictions and holiday bookings are <a href="https://www.ustravel.org/research/monthly-travel-data-report">helping leisure rebound</a>, business travel is proving more stubborn. A <a href="https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/focus/transportation/business-travel-trends-outlook-2022.html">study</a> by Deloitte shows pre-pandemic rates of business travel continue to be elusive, particularly for those industries that have successfully transitioned to a home-based work model. Spend is forecast to be just 55% of pre-pandemic rates by 2023. Jason Greaves, brand leader at recruitment company Manpower, said money spent on upgrading homeworking capabilities made companies reluctant to put employees back on the road.Despite data by job site Indeed suggesting business travel is greater than before the pandemic — the share of jobs on the website requiring travel was 8.5% in April, compared with 7.7% in February 2020 — Nick Bunker, head of research for North America at Indeed, told Insider this wasn't due to more companies offering it. Instead, it was because jobs not requiring travel were taking longer to return.<h2>'High-value' trips mean younger workers could lose out</h2>Mike Daher, leader of the <keyword id="11894924" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="transportation" source="Orion">transportation</keyword>, hospitality and services sector at Deloitte, told Insider that "work-from-home dominant companies" — those spending less than three days a week in the office — were half as likely to return to travel as those spending more time in the office.Daher said that while he expected business travel to bounce back eventually, the calculation employers make on the value placed on those trips will likely change for good. High value, Daher said, would be placed on conferences, typically attended by more senior staff. He said that calculation means trips for younger workers, like training and leadership meetups, are likely to be seen as unnecessary. "I think companies are looking again for a way to bring folks together in a very high-value type of way versus that routine travel," Daher said. "I don't anticipate routine travel meetings being viewed as critical."These younger workers are typically those <a href="https://stories.hilton.com/releases/hilton-hotels-resorts-survey-explores-how-young-business-travelers-prefer-to-work-and-relax">keenest on business travel</a>, and Daher said high labor turnover <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/great-resignation-what-to-know-who-is-quitting-2021-9">in the face of the Great Resignation </a>meant companies may be forced to sacrifice some extra cost to entice them to join and stay."Companies are understanding they need to bring their less-tenured colleagues together more for that connectivity," he said. <h2>Finding a 'human connection' with freed up budgets</h2>That connection is driving optimism that business travel will return, but in different ways. Avi Meir, CEO of business travel unicorn TravelPerk, which was <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/unicorn-startup-travelperk-plans-growth-ceo-funding-acquisition-2022-3">valued</a> at $1.3 billion in March, said travel among his clients continues to rise. He told Insider that bookings by the business's clients were 13% higher than before the pandemic. Indeed, he said under-35s made up 46% of those travel bookings.He argued the definition of business travel had changed, with tech clients whose employees were spread across a region traveling infrequently to the office for "human connection" and bonding exercises. Meir said a falling office budget among clients had freed up space to expense more of these trips, as did the need to incentivize young, in-demand workers to stick around."Business travel is an obvious human need. I know that people need this human connection," Meir said.He hopes the urge for this "human connection" will make other obstacles surmountable.

Trips that offer a 'human connection' will replace typical business travel as workers spread across the US &mdash; but graduates could be marginalized, experts say

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="11910359" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="cannabis" source="Orion">Cannabis</keyword> flower is typically priced by single grams and eighths, or 3.5 grams.</li><li>A gram is the smallest amount of cannabis flower you can purchase at a time, while an ounce is typically the legal limit of possession in the US.</li></ul>Among the many choices a person makes when visiting a dispensary, the amount of cannabis to buy is always part of the decision. And if you're a newcomer to the world of weed, figuring out how much flower you want could feel like you're trying to solve a math problem. Across the world, cannabis flower is measured and sold in increments within an ounce. Of course, you can purchase weed in smaller increments, typically weighed in grams. Even pre-rolls are sized in grams. Similar to buying any item in bulk, the more cannabis you purchase at a time, the friendlier it is for your wallet. But the amount of weed you should purchase also depends on your consumption methods and whether you're a casual or habitual smoker.Here's your guide to the most common cannabis measurements and weights on the market today.<h2>Understanding state cannabis laws </h2>If you live in a place where adult-use cannabis is legal, it's important to recognize that every state has different rules and regulations for cultivation, use, distribution, and possession. An ounce may not sound like much, but for cannabis, it's a large amount. In most legal markets, there is a limit on the amount of cannabis one can possess. In Colorado, people may possess up to 2 ounces, or 64 grams, for personal use. In California, adults over the age of 21 can possess just over one ounce, 28.5 grams. In Massachusetts, you can only carry up to one ounce at a time, but you can have 10 ounces in your <keyword id="11898442" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="home" source="Orion">home</keyword>. Every state varies.It's important to note that no amount of cannabis is legal federally. Medical cannabis is legal in 38 states while adult-use cannabis is currently legal in 18 states. See <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/legal-marijuana-states-2018-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">our map</a> to find out if cannabis is legal where you live.<h2>Common cannabis measurements</h2><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 33.3333%;">Measurement</td><td style="width: 33.3333%;">By grams</td><td style="width: 33.3333%;">By ounce</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 33.3333%;">1 eighth</td><td style="width: 33.3333%;">3.5 grams</td><td style="width: 33.3333%;">⅛ ounce</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 33.3333%;">1 quarter</td><td style="width: 33.3333%;">7 grams</td><td style="width: 33.3333%;">¼ ounce</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 33.3333%;">1 half</td><td style="width: 33.3333%;">14 grams</td><td style="width: 33.3333%;">½ ounce</td></tr><tr><td style="width: 33.3333%;">1 ounce</td><td style="width: 33.3333%;">28 grams</td><td style="width: 33.3333%;">1 ounce</td></tr></tbody></table>Note: Depending on the density of the nugs, a gram of weed can actually range in size depending on the strain. The most accurate way to know the true weight of your stash is to use a scale. The photos below are an approximation to help you visualize what each weight generally looks like. <h2>Gram</h2><div type="image" title="Overhead shot of a weed nug on a scale." height="3264" width="4928" msid="91549283" hostid="261"></div>One gram is the smallest amount you can purchase in most dispensaries. It's a popular weight for beginner smokers, or for experienced smokers who want to test out a new strain. It can cost anywhere from $5 to $20 per gram.Cannabis nugs range in density. A very dense nug may look small but weigh one gram. A very fluffy pile of ground-up weed may look like more but still weigh one gram. Pre-rolled joints are often sold in one-gram sizes. <h2>Eighth</h2><div type="image" title="Overhead/side view shot of an eighth of weed on a scale." height="3264" width="4928" msid="91549284" hostid="261"></div>An eighth weighs 3.5 grams, and it's simply shorthand for 1/8th of an ounce. It costs about $40 to $60 in most cannabis markets, but can be less expensive in developed markets like Oregon or Colorado, where an eighth can be found for as affordable as $20. "The eighth is the most popular amount purchased, by far. 60% of all sales in our store are an eighth of flower," says Patrick Stad, CEO and founder of <a href="https://www.thecurecompany.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Cure Company</a>, based in Los Angeles, California. The eighth is the most popular size sold today because it is enough weed to roll into about three to four joints. An eighth will last many consumers a few days to a few weeks, and in regulated marketplaces, it's the most common pre-weighed bag you can buy. <h2>Quarter</h2><div type="image" title="Side view/angled shot of a quarter ounce of weed on a scale." height="3264" width="4928" msid="91549285" hostid="261"></div>A quarter is 7 grams of weed, or a quarter of an ounce. This is another popular measurement to buy because it lasts longer. Seven grams is equivalent to about 7 joints and maybe 10 bowls, depending on the size of your pipe. A quarter can also serve some small at-home baking projects. <h2>Half</h2><div type="image" title="Overhead shot of a half-ounce of weed on a scale." height="3264" width="4928" msid="91549287" hostid="261"></div>A half-ounce is 14 grams of cannabis. A half-ounce is a substantial amount, and it will last most consumers several weeks. This all depends on the rate it's smoked and how big of joints you roll. Regular consumers could consume a half-ounce in a week or less. On the other hand, if you're new and only smoke on rare occasions, a half-ounce could last a month. Make sure to store it in a dark, cool, airtight place to help keep it fresh.<h2>Ounce</h2><div type="image" title="Side view shot of an ounce of weed on a scale." height="3264" width="4928" msid="91549289" hostid="261"></div>An ounce is 28 grams of cannabis, and it's the legal limit to purchase in many states. An ounce is commonly called a "zip," which is slang for a large amount of weed that usually fills up a small Ziploc bag. An ounce lasts regular cannabis consumers a few weeks to a month. You can roll a significant amount of joints with an ounce of weed, about 28 or so. Cannabis dispensaries in most markets are required to pre-weigh the weed. This means eighths and quarters and grams are all pre-weighed in their own bag, like most packaged goods.Dispensaries don't always have an ounce bag, so sometimes they add together eighths or gram-sized packages to equal an ounce. If you purchase an ounce, the dispensary may have to give you pre-weighed eighths, so you receive eight little bags total.. "The issue is, if we sold out of eighths and all was left was ounces," says Stad, "the customer wouldn't have the ability to break it down to an eighth." It's a balancing act between regulations and consumer demand: eighths are in higher demand because they are more affordable. <h2>Pound</h2>A pound is 16 ounces, which is approximately 453.59 grams of cannabis. A pound is a lot of weed, and it's only ever seen in industrial spaces legally in the US. Most legal markets will not allow people who don't work in the industry to possess a pound of weed. This is because a pound is generally more than any person or medical patient can consume. Even though weed is legal in 18 states and counting, those states are still limiting quantities for adults so that it's less likely the weed is resold. How much weight a person can possess is one of the new regulations that come with legality.<h2>Insider's takeaway</h2>It's helpful to know the ins and outs of cannabis measurements. You'll never be surprised by these metric weights when you go into the dispensary, and you can experience what all of the different strains look like per gram. In general, weed is sold in one gram, eighth, quarter, half-ounce, or ounce. An eighth weighs 3.5 grams and it's called an eighth because it's approximately 1/8th of an ounce. Depending on your needs and how regularly you consume it, cannabis will last a different amount of time for everyone.

A visual guide to the most common measurements of weed

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A TikTok video shows a builder trying not to cry while listening to a recording to be put in a bear.</li><li>Some employees say they build one or two "memory bears" with voice recordings each shift.</li></ul>When 24-year-old Yerry got a job at <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/reviews/out?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buildabear.com%2F">Build-A-Bear</a>, she didn't expect the job would get so heavy. But she was soon breaking down in tears as she sewed voice recordings of dead loved ones into stuffed animals. For Yerry and other bear builders, birthday-party bears and happy children are just part of the experience. They also build "memory bears," which can involve putting departed loved ones' voices and human remains inside the bears instead of wishes and scented hearts.Yerry was putting the last voicemail someone left a family member into a bear when she made a <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@lazybruja/video/7052414254070418734?is_copy_url=1&amp;is_from_webapp=v1">now-viral TikTok video</a> documenting her experience.At first, Yerry, who asked that her full name not be used to protect future employment opportunities, didn't understand the interest in her video. "But then it hit me, and I realized not a lot of people are aware of this side of <keyword id="13925761" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="build-a-bear" source="Orion">Build-A-Bear</keyword>," she told Insider. Yerry lasted five months at Build-A-Bear before resigning to focus on her other jobs. She said she had been building one or two memory bears each shift. During the pandemic, the company's bear builders increasingly found themselves on the front lines of America's<a href="https://www.insider.com/what-to-say-to-someone-who-lost-a-loved-one"> grief</a> as Build-A-Bear's adult customer base grew. As the company pivoted to digital sales, its <a href="https://www.yahoo.com/now/build-bear-workshop-inc-reports-114500950.html">revenue soared to a record $91.5 million</a> in 2021. The majority of Build-A-Bears are purchased for children, but as the company's CEO, Sharon John, explained on investor calls in March, a growing share of the company's profit comes from "tweens, teens, and adults." This includes adults gifting bears to other adults, sometimes as memorial keepsakes. The five current and two former bear builders who spoke to Insider said they often assist customers in person by replaying voicemails over and over while creating memory bears, which can make customers more upset. They sometimes deal with people who bring the cremated remains of a loved one into the store and then have to tell those people the remains need to be in a sealed container before they can go in a bear. The bear builders say they're proud to bring the voices of the dead back to their loved ones but lack the training to interact with traumatized people in <a href="https://www.insider.com/stages-of-grief">emotional situations</a>.<h2>One bear builder salvaged a recording of a woman's best friend who had been murdered </h2>Build-A-Bear currently has 349 corporate-managed stores across malls in the US as well as locations on Carnival Cruise lines and Beaches Family resorts, among other locations.Bear builders have many roles in the Build-A-Bear Workshop, assisting customers in store and building bears for online orders. On any given day, they may find themselves stuffing, dressing, and naming bears. They make bears for birthday parties, build "memory bears" for customers, and greet every guest with a smile. Voice recordings have also been a key part of the Build-A-Bear experience in recent years, with customers uploading recordings to the website to be inserted into bears in warehouses and stores.Misha, a bear builder from Missouri, who asked her full name not to be used to protect her job, said the two times she's had to make memory bears have been hard for her to forget. In one instance, she helped a young woman whose best friend had been killed in a homicide. Speaker boxes that go inside bears have a 20-second time limit, so Misha helped the customer choose the most important part of a message from the best friend, holding the phone up to the speaker and hitting play at just the right time. "It was her friend saying hello to her by name, and saying something singsongy and silly," Misha said. Another time, an adult customer wanted to make a voice recording of her father but didn't have any personal messages from him, just practical, "call me back" kind of voicemails. "We worked for a few minutes perfectly cutting off the voicemail at 'Hello,' before his long callback message started," Misha said, adding that the single word was enough to bring her to tears. Bethany, an 18-year-old bear builder in Alabama, who also asked her full name not be used to protect her job, said she cried after assisting a little girl with choosing, stuffing, dressing, and naming a bear for her father, who had recently died. "While they were picking out clothes, tears started falling down my face, and I excused myself before I think they noticed," said Bethany. "I couldn't breathe and basically freaked out for five minutes. I haven't even suffered a close loss yet. I'm only 18. What am I supposed to say?" On another occasion, a customer with terminal cancer came into Bethany's store to make bears for her grandchildren. Bethany helped the customer record her message. "She said, 'I love you, from the bottom of my heart, forever and always. Love, Grandma.' I still think about her sometimes," Bethany said. Bear builders don't just put voice recordings in bears. Eighteen-year-old Quinn LaRusso had been working as a bear builder for a month when a manager assigned him to build a bear for a family whose baby died of sudden infant death syndrome."They pulled out an urn not much bigger than the size of my hand," said LaRusso, who sewed the ashes into a pastel-pink bear. He said it was hard for him to put the urn into the bear with the parents' eyes on him, but believes it was harder for them to watch him do it. <h2>Bear builders believe <keyword id="12099700" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="grief" source="Orion">grief</keyword> training would help </h2>According to LaRusso and several other bear builders, the training at Build-A-Bear is brief, with attention paid to point of sale and the art of bear building, but staff are not trained on how to handle customers' grief. The bear builders say they want training that prepares them to support customers dealing with grief and helps them protect their own <keyword id="11902572" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="mental-health" source="Orion">mental health</keyword>. Build-A-Bear is in "an incredibly important position to help" people talk about grief in a society that fails to honor it, but without proper training, workers are at high risk for compassion fatigue, said Corrie Sirota, a clinical social worker and psychotherapist who <a href="https://www.corriesirota.com/someone-died-now-what/">specializes in grief.</a>When Insider asked if Build-A-Bear plans to offer grief training to retail workers, the company provided a statement from Emily Fuhrman, the director of PR and cause marketing."Build-A-Bear Workshop is a beloved brand and experience that many people and families choose to engage with for a wide variety of reasons," Fuhrman said. "We have been honored over our last nearly 25 years to be of service to our guests and are proud of our associates who provide experiences in ways that respect our mission of adding a little more heart to life." The bear builders Insider spoke to said they know how much these memory bears mean to people, but the repeated exposure to trauma wears them down."Sometimes I wonder if it's worth it," said Bethany. "To go through the grief process, sometimes multiple times in a day, having to comfort them, for the same pay that you get from somewhere else for much less responsibility than dealing with the grief process."

Build-A-Bear workers say they've become grief counselors as they put voice recordings of dead loved ones in bears

Profiles of resilience: Meet 53 Ukrainians who left everything behind when Russia attacked

While Tina Opie has worn her hair in a twist out more times than she can count, there's one instance that stands out. Ten years ago, after spending hours detangling, washing, conditioning, and twisting her hair, she had a meeting where a white colleague remarked, "You wouldn't wear your hair like that if you were still in corporate America," Opie, who is Black, said. That colleague, she added, still had wet hair down to her shoulders."She felt comfortable questioning me about my hairstyle, which took hours to achieve, but didn't think twice about coming to work with wet hair," Opie said. "It shows how anti-Black <keyword id="12499365" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="bias" source="Orion">bias</keyword> works and how privilege works." The comment about Opie's twist out was a crystallizing moment. It showed how the merits of <keyword id="13473879" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="professionalism" source="Orion">professionalism</keyword> could often be an "exclusionary tool," she said, in a way that has nothing to do with being able to execute a task, whether it's your accent, body size, or quietness.Last week, a piece of legislation targeting discrimination like the kind Opie experienced <a href="https://www.npr.org/2022/03/18/1087661765/house-votes-crown-act-discrimination-hair-style">passed</a> in the House of Representatives, which sent it to the Senate. Called the CROWN Act — the Creating a Respectful and Open World for Natural Hair Act — the legislation would ban hair discrimination at work. And at Morehouse College, a historically Black institution, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/morehouse-career-services-director-professionalism-and-dei-2022-3" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">at least one administrator</a> is grappling with how to advise business students with natural hair.<div type="image" title="Tina Opie Headshot" height="768" width="1024" msid="90462692" hostid="261"></div> Professionalism is, by its provenance, a legacy of elites. White men of a certain class created what we now know as corporate America, so the norms of that still majority culture are what everybody else must assimilate themselves to if they want to move up in the world. Such customs include speaking in a white American dialect, concealing tattoos or piercings, and wearing the right thing, whether that's business suits or Patagonia vests. Yet <a href="https://www.insead.edu/sites/default/files/assets/faculty-personal-site/natalia-karelaia/documents/Hewlin%20et%20al%20Authenticity%20at%20Work%202020.pdf">research</a> has shown that if a workplace culture pressures employees into conformity, workers are more exhausted, less engaged, less committed, and more likely to move on.The Oxford business historian Christopher McKenna, who wrote the book on <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Worlds-Newest-Profession-Management-Consulting/dp/0521757592">professionalization</a>, said that when elite professional services like management consulting, venture capital, and investment banking began to rise in the 1930s, these firms attuned to social expectations of what "elite" looked like."You may be offering something new, but you do so in a traditional professional office, with people wearing suits who went to the right universities and live in the right suburbs," McKenna said.In England, it was an Oxford degree and an Etonian accent. In Germany, they learned to spot men with saber wounds on their cheeks, since fencing was a pastime of high-class families."One of the moves that professionalism makes is universalizing a certain style of behavior that is white and male as the normative standard by which everybody should be held accountable," said Christy Glass, a Utah State University sociologist who has conducted <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&amp;user=kpeFZ6wAAAAJ&amp;view_op=list_works&amp;sortby=pubdate">many studies</a> on the hidden mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion."When you don't and simply can't conform to that imagined standard of professionalism," she said, you're likely excluded from recruitment or advancement based on a lack of "professionalism" or "professional presentation."To Opie, the "Great Resignation" has been a great liberation. "I want to be seen and heard and valued in the workplace," she hears workers saying with their resignation notices. "If that won't happen here, I'll pursue other avenues."<div type="image" title="Christy Glass Headshot" height="2457" width="3276" msid="90462694" hostid="261"></div><h2>'All of this is a form of gaslighting'</h2>Historical trends color modern biases. "When professional roles are dominated by any group, in this case, elite white men, our brains tend to conflate the qualifications for those roles with the social characteristics of the incumbents," Glass said. After Opie's fateful interaction with her colleague, the banker turned consultant and Babson College associate professor led a <a href="https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01311/full">study</a> that found Black women were rated as less professional when wearing dreadlocks or Afros than white women or Black women wearing straightened hair. Other industry <a href="https://fortune.com/2014/08/26/performance-review-gender-bias/">data</a> showed women were much more likely to get personality-based feedback, like to watch their tone. Separate <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Pedigree-How-Elite-Students-Jobs/dp/0691169276">research</a> suggested Black and Latino men who came from underrepresented backgrounds were viewed as lacking polish or leadership potential, while comparable white men were seen as coachable.These biases are shown in the research and productized in the marketplace. Consider the multitude of training offerings meant to, as Glass said, "fix the women" — seminars where you're told not only how to dress, do your hair, and present yourself but also how to negotiate (but not too hard) and be assertive (without being too much)."All of this is a form of gaslighting," Glass, who is white, said. "It's saying that there are these objective professional standards, and if you don't meet them, that's your fault, and you just need to be more or less or different and you wouldn't face this bias and discrimination."<div type="image" title="Patricia Hewlin McGill" height="1497" width="1995" msid="90462695" hostid="261"></div><h2>'Inclusion isn't that warm and fuzzy feeling of belonging'</h2>Conforming is exhausting.That's one of the big takeaways from Patricia Hewlin's <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=omJHUc4AAAAJ&amp;hl=th">years of interviewing</a> people about their lives at work. The urge to conform is intuitive, the banker turned McGill University management scholar said. It's a way of making sure an interaction goes smoothly, but it comes at an emotional cost. And if every employee of color feels that cost at your company, retaining them is going to be hard."Inclusion isn't that warm and fuzzy feeling of belonging," she said. "Inclusion is about being an integral part of the system, and that means having the resources to get the job done, and being part of the people in the know, and really knowing what it takes to be successful." Hewlin, who is Black, said tools like employee surveys and focus groups could illuminate day-to-day practices in a company, like how candidates and employees are evaluated and who gets recognized in meetings. And employee-resource groups can also gather feedback to be shared with the top of the organization so that it can move forward. The Stanford Graduate School of Business is also building feedback into its system. Since 2018, the school's diversity committee hands out an Amplifier Award to an instructor. The honor is given to a faculty member who handles debate in an inclusive way and brings in case studies and speakers from underrepresented groups, countries, and industries.With a bottom-up approach, "there's less chance of replicating that same sort of professional standard, which ends up being discriminatory," Lori Nishiura Mackenzie, the school's lead strategist for diversity, equity, and inclusion, said."If we aren't relying on outdated norms like professionalism that have embedded in them ways of inadvertently discriminating against people who don't look or fit the mold, then what do we substitute that with?" Nishiura Mackenzie, who is Japanese American, added.<div type="image" title="Lori Nishiura Mackenzie hi res" height="2400" width="3199" msid="90462697" hostid="261"></div><h2>'You have to begin to unpeel it'</h2>Moving from "professional" standards to objective standards is complicated.According to Glass, the guiding principle is to strip out "discretion" in making talent evaluations to make things as objective as possible, with the fewest identity markers. In <a href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.90.4.715">one highly cited study</a> of orchestra auditions, simply adding a physical screen between evaluators and the performers they were listening to — but could not see — led to more women getting jobs.Yet McKenna, the Oxford historian, said objective measures carried their own risks — if a company is measuring performance by work hours, then the people who succeed will be those who can sustain that lifestyle.The inequities are so often built into the institutional systems themselves.Opie, the Babson associate professor, recalled doing diversity, equity, and inclusion work with a law firm, looking over how it evaluated the performance of their lawyers. After some prodding, she learned that one of the metrics for success was how often a lawyer was "first chair" on a case — a position heavily influenced by client preference. "Now we have an issue," she remembered saying. Science has shown we generally prefer (and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/managers-hire-people-who-remind-them-of-themselves-2014-5">hire</a>) people similar to us, a phenomenon called <a href="https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.415">homophily</a>. Her recommendation was to instead evaluate law briefs with author names hidden, which gets closer to an objective evaluation of who's succeeding in their duties."You have to begin to unpeel it because this seemingly objective question, 'How many times has this attorney served this first chair?'" Opie said. "It's actually a loaded question."

Professionalism is a bias-making machine that needs to end. Here's how to dismantle it.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Plantar <keyword id="13467909" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="warts" source="Orion">warts</keyword> are painful growths on the feet caused by HPV, but they are not an STI.</li><li>To get rid of stubborn warts try duct tape, cryotherapy, immunotherapy, topical acid, or surgery.</li><li>To prevent plantar warts wear shoes in public, wash and dry feet regularly, and wear breathable shoes.</li></ul>Plantar warts, caused by certain strains of the <a href="https://www.insider.com/how-do-you-get-hpv" target="_blank" rel="noopener">human papillomavirus</a> (HPV), are small growths that typically appear on the bottom of your feet, especially the heels or underside of the toes. Sometimes, these warts can <a href="https://ada.com/conditions/plantar-warts/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cause pain or discomfort</a> when you put weight on the foot while standing or walking. And if left untreated, they can grow bigger, more painful, and more prone to infection.Despite being caused by HPV, plantar warts are not considered a sexually transmitted infection, as the specific strains that cause them are distinct from the sexually transmitted strains of HPV. Still, HPV is contagious, so plantar warts can be passed from person to person through a surface or object carrying the virus or direct skin-to-skin contact. According to <a href="https://www.stepupfootcare.com/#dr-nelya-lobkova" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Nelya Lobkova</a>, DPM, a board-certified podiatrist with Step Up Footcare, plantar warts are fairly common, and most cases <a href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.7556/jaoa.2018.024/html?lang=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">happen in children and teens</a>. People who are immunocompromised are also at a <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/symptoms-causes/syc-20352691" target="_blank" rel="noopener">higher risk</a>.There are two overarching methods for getting rid of plantar warts:<ul><li>Destructive therapy <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1764803" target="_blank" rel="noopener">targets the wart</a> (not the virus), removing it by peeling off the layers of skin using treatments like duct tape, salicylic acid, surgery, and laser therapy.</li><li>Immunotherapy is the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5038096/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">most nondestructive approach</a> and typically uses topical treatments to help your immune system fight the virus.</li></ul>It's important to note that plantar warts will typically go away on their own, but it may take over a year for them to completely disappear. If you don't want to wait, first opt for a more gentle treatment like duct tape or cryotherapy before going for a more aggressive treatment that could lead to permanent scarring. Below, podiatrists share six different treatments for plantar warts and which are most effective.<h2>1. Duct tape</h2>By applying a piece of <a href="https://www.insider.com/guides/home/best-duct-tape" target="_blank" rel="noopener">duct tape</a> directly on the wart, the adhesive may gradually remove the wart in layers, says Lobkova. For this method, Lobkova recommends keeping the tape on for three days, removing it and scraping the skin with a pumice stone, and then applying fresh tape again 10-12 hours later. How effective it is: "Skin turns over every 28 days so that is the soonest one could expect to see changes with this method," Lobkova says. "However, duct tape alone has <a href="https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00328991" target="_blank" rel="noopener">rarely been successful</a> in treating plantar warts in my experience."And <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dth.13342" target="_blank" rel="noopener">research has found</a> cryotherapy to be more effective.<h2>2. Cryotherapy</h2>Cryotherapy is a <a href="https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hw61500" target="_blank" rel="noopener">freezing technique</a> that involves applying a solution that causes a blister to form around the wart. As the blister dries up, the wart may then fall off. According to Lobkova, this can be done at home with over-the-counter kits like Compound W Freeze Off and Dr. Scholl's Freeze Away — or at the doctor's office. At-home kits contain dimethyl ether combined with propane, which you apply directly to the wart. A doctor is more likely to use liquid nitrogen, which Lobkova notes is stronger and therefore may be more effective. Since cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen can be painful, a doctor will often numb the area with an anesthetic before cutting the skin and applying the freezing substance with a spray or cotton ball. You can expect the area around the wart to be a little tender for a couple of days after treatment, says Lobkova. How effective it is: It often <a href="https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hw61500#hw61500-Bib" target="_blank" rel="noopener">takes several treatments</a> to get rid of plantar warts with cryotherapy, says Lobkova, and most people won't see improvements for three to four weeks or more. Research has shown that cryotherapy has a <a href="https://journals.lww.com/ebp/Abstract/2018/06000/What_is_the_best_treatment_for_plantar_warts_.12.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">25% success rate</a> for curing plantar warts.<h2>3. Topical acids</h2>Medications with <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352697" target="_blank" rel="noopener">salicylic acid, lactic acid, and trichloroacetic acid</a> work by essentially dissolving and sloughing off the wart one layer at a time. These are available in both over-the-counter and prescription-strength forms. Over-the-counter products are usually a patch or liquid, which you apply daily to the wart after soaking it with warm water to soften and loosen the skin. For best results, <a href="https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/abo1677" target="_blank" rel="noopener">cover the wart</a> with a sock or bandage after applying the solution, wash it off the next morning, and then exfoliate the area with an emery board or pumice stone. This method is not usually painful, but may sometimes cause some mild irritation or discomfort, says <a href="https://www.progressivefootcareny.com/our-practice/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Bruce Pinker</a>, DPM, a board-certified podiatrist and foot surgeon at <a href="https://www.progressivefootcareny.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Progressive Foot Care</a>.How effective it is: A <a href="https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/theclinicalacademia/article/view/182140" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2019 review</a> found that salicylic acid was just as effective as cryotherapy for treating plantar warts. It will usually take at least two weeks and <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/plantar-warts/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352697" target="_blank" rel="noopener">up to several months</a> to see results with this method, according to Lobkova.<h2>4. Surgery</h2>Surgery is only recommended for plantar warts if they still persist after several months of trying other conventional treatments, says Pinker. Surgery involves cutting out the wart, says Lobkova, and while your doctor will typically numb the area first, she notes that the injection of local anesthesia can be painful. In some cases, you may be sedated for the procedure.Additionally, she says that sometimes cutting into the dermis layer of the skin can cause scarring which may lead to pain for a period of time after surgery when you put weight on it.In most cases, the skin needs to be stitched up with sutures afterward, says Pinker, and the healing process is monitored through several follow-up visits."Surgical excision is not a typical treatment for plantar warts anymore, since so many other effective, less invasive options exist these days," says Lobkova.<h2>5. Immunotherapy</h2>Immunotherapy involves topically applying or injecting a chemical, like <a href="https://www.aad.org/dw/dw-insights-and-inquiries/medical-dermatology/yeast-rising-predicting-the-efficacy-of-candida-antigen-immunotherapy-for-warts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">candida antigen</a>, meant to stimulate an immune response that targets and eliminates plantar warts. Some of the most common solutions, according to Lobkova, include <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/imiquimod-topical-route/proper-use/drg-20067474" target="_blank" rel="noopener">imiquimod</a> and <a href="https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a605010.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">fluorouracil</a>. All of these medications require a prescription — but whereas injections must be administered in a doctor's office, topical creams may be used at home. Treatments are spaced two weeks apart, and it may take two to three months to see results, says Lobkova.Immunotherapy is usually only considered in severe cases where other treatments haven't worked, says Pinker. Additionally, experts note that it's usually combined with acids, lasers, or other treatments to speed up results. How effective it is: A small <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ijd.13535" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2017 study</a> found that immunotherapy was <a href="https://www.empr.com/home/news/immunotherapy-vs-cryotherapy-in-treating-wart-lesions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">more effective than cryotherapy</a> for treating plantar warts: 76.7% of patients were cured by the former, whereas 56.7% of patients were cured by the latter. One advantage of immunotherapy is that it may help <a href="https://ada.com/conditions/plantar-warts/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ward off future outbreaks</a> in recurring plantar warts.<h2>6. Laser treatment</h2>If you're dealing with a large, stubborn wart that's not responding to other methods, <a href="https://www.healthline.com/health/laser-therapy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">laser treatments</a> can also be used to burn off the top layer of the wart, says Lobkova. Since these treatments can be painful, they're almost always done under local anesthesia. While Lobkova says the cost will vary depending on the type of laser used, size of the wart, and whether or not your insurance covers it, it's important to note that this is one of the more expensive options at about <a href="https://health.costhelper.com/plantar-warts.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">$360 for three sessions</a>. Lobkova says you can expect results in about three to four weeks after treatment.How effective it is: A small <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6092077/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2018 study</a> found that with a laser, fewer sessions were needed to clear up plantar warts compared to cryotherapy. Note, however, that there is a <a href="https://ada.com/conditions/plantar-warts/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">slight risk of scarring</a> with these treatments.<h2>Prevention</h2>Keep in mind that you have a higher risk of experiencing plantar warts if you already have a history of them, says Pinker. Once your plantar warts are gone, podiatrists say there are several things you can do to prevent them from returning, like <a href="https://www.sparrow.org/departments-conditions/conditions/plantar-warts" target="_blank" rel="noopener">changing your shoes and socks</a> daily to keep your feet clean and dry to prevent infection. Here are a few more tips:<ul><li>Wear shoes in public places: Lobkova says it's important to always wear something on your feet when walking around public pools, gyms, locker rooms, and showers. This is not only because they're contagious, but also because you're more prone to infection <a href="https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/warts-heal" target="_blank" rel="noopener">when your skin is moist and soft</a>.</li></ul><ul><li>Wash your hands after handling warts: Since you can <a href="https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/hw64902" target="_blank" rel="noopener">reinfect yourself</a> by touching warts and then another part of your foot or body, always wash your hands after handling them.</li></ul><ul><li>Wash and dry the feet regularly and thoroughly: Consider washing your feet every night, and always after physical activity or sweating. Since the virus that causes plantar warts thrives in moisture, Pinker recommends applying a superabsorbent powder to your feet after washing and towel drying them. Don't forget to dry in between your toes.</li></ul><ul><li>Wear breathable shoes: Shoes that have a breathable upper layer allow your feet to breathe so sweat doesn't get trapped inside, says Lobkova. Whenever possible, Lobkova also advises removing the insoles, particularly inside athletic shoes, to allow them to dry out before putting them back in.</li></ul><h2>Insider's takeaway</h2>Plantar warts are hard growths caused by the HPV virus that appear on the bottoms of the feet — while they can be a nuisance and sometimes painful, they aren't generally serious and may even clear up with over-the-counter remedies. Duct tape, topical acids, and cryotherapy are several common methods that can all be used at home."If home treatments are not successful after a few applications, seek the advice of a medical professional," says Pinker.Immune therapy and laser treatments are two options for stubborn plantar warts that must be prescribed by a doctor. Surgery to remove plantar warts is usually a last resort.

6 effective ways to eliminate plantar warts

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Edit your winter wardrobe prior to storing it to maximize closet space.</li><li>Wash and repair winter items to prepare them for <keyword id="11898263" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="storage" source="Orion">storage</keyword>.</li><li>Repurpose items like empty luggage or comforter bags to save space and money.</li></ul>Spring brings the promise of warmer days ahead, which means it's time to shed the heavy layers of winter and make room in your closet for lighter clothing. Taking time and effort to store your winter clothes properly will preserve your seasonal collection and protect your wardrobe investments. This easy-to-follow plan for editing, preparing, and storing your winter wardrobe, with tips from organizing experts Jane Stoller of <a href="https://www.organizedjane.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored">Organized Jane</a> and Brenda Scott of <a href="https://www.tidymyspace.ca/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored">Tidy my Space</a>, will put a spring in your step.<h2>Edit your collection</h2><div type="image" title="Box of sweaters and jackets labeled for donation." height="1414" width="2121" msid="90313919" hostid="261"></div>Before you think about how you'll store your winter wardrobe, consider editing your collection by removing any items you haven't worn or used during the current season, says Stoller. You can take items to a local consignment store or list items for sale on secondhand style sites like <a href="https://poshmark.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored">Poshmark</a>, <a href="https://www.depop.com/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored">Depop</a>, or <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/reviews/out?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.therealreal.com%2Fpress" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored">The RealReal</a> for your luxury pieces. If you don't want to go the resale route, or if items don't sell, you can help people and the planet by creatively recycling winter wear, says Scott. "Sustainable editing should always be the choice before tossing items into the garbage," she says. Offer gently worn items to family members or take them to the nearest thrift store or shelter. Scott also recommends recycling ripped or stained items by cutting them up and using them as rags for cleaning. Many local donation centers also accept textiles for recycling, she says.<h2>Prepare the clothes for storage </h2><ul><li>Dry clean or wash and fully dry winter clothes. Clean them as you normally would, whether machine washable, hand washable, or dry clean only. Remove stains and debris to prevent musty odors and bug infestations during storage.</li><li>Repair before you pack it. Clothing takes a beating during the cold months. You'll thank yourself in the long run if you take the time to replace lost buttons or mend rips and holes, whether you do it yourself or take it to an alteration shop. </li><li>Prevent moths. To deter moths, add <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Cedar-Home-Clothes-Repellent-Freshener/dp/B07VXCQCNF/?" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored nofollow sponsored">cedar blocks or rings</a> or <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sachets-Ultra-Blue-French-Lavender-Flower/dp/B07FW7D9JR/?" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored nofollow sponsored">lavender sachets</a> to hangers and in between clothing in containers where you plan to store wool clothing.</li><li>Clean shoes and winter boots. Remove water, dirt, and winter salt stains from footwear before storing to prevent permanent damage.</li></ul><h2><keyword id="12118322" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="organization" source="Orion">Organization</keyword> products can make a big difference</h2><div type="image" title="Sweaters neatly folded and stacked." height="1414" width="2121" msid="90313920" hostid="261"></div>When winter wearables are clean, you're ready to store them to make space for your fresh spring wardrobe. When deciding how to store your winter items, you'll want to take into account the quirks of your particular space. In general, you should be thinking about how to keep your items protected in the space you have available. From there, you have plenty of storage options available. If you're looking to maximize existing closet space, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/MAX-Houser-Hanging-Organizer-StorageBlack/dp/B07GVFRFPL" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored nofollow sponsored nofollow sponsored">tiered hanging fabric shelves</a>, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/KEEGH-Hanging-Garment-Storage-Protect/dp/B07YJJY68V/?" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored nofollow sponsored">hanging garment bags</a>, and <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Simple-Houseware-Pockets-Hanging-Organizer/dp/B07CG2R9ST" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored nofollow sponsored">hanging shoe organizers</a> can help you neatly separate and protect your items.If you're looking for more space-saving solutions, <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Ziploc-Clothes-Organization-Protects-Moisture/dp/B003I85T3Y" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored nofollow sponsored">vacuum seal storage bags</a> and stackable plastic containers with lids should do the trick. And if you've got the space,, a <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Bankers-Box-SmoothMove-Tape-Free-7710501/dp/B0875L692H?" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored nofollow sponsored">cardboard wardrobe box</a> or <a href="https://www.amazon.com/Sorbus-Stackable-Container-Organizer-Organization/dp/B07ZJPSY2Y" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener sponsored nofollow sponsored nofollow sponsored">fabric cubes</a> can help you corral everything. <h2>What's the best way to store winter clothes?</h2>Once you have the organization products you need, the best way to store winter clothing depends on the item.<h3>Delicates</h3>Delicates should be securely wrapped in acid-free tissue paper and be stored in fabric cubes or covered storage bins. Place wrapped accessories like wool or silk scarves on top of heavier items, such as sweaters. Stack bins in the back of your closet. <h3>Sweaters</h3>Neatly fold bulky sweaters before storing them, then lay them flat in a neat stack. If you're working with limited space, vacuum storage bags are an excellent space-stretching sweater storage solution, says Scott. You can stack vacuum bags in covered bins, in fabric cubes, or in empty luggage. Old comforter bags, which offer protection from pests and stack well, are another creative storage strategy for sweaters, says Stoller. <h3>Coats</h3>Hang clean coats on a sturdy hanger to help them keep their shape. If you have room in a front entrance closet, use it to hang coats stored in a wardrobe box, says Stoller. If you need to hang coats individually in different areas of your <keyword id="11898442" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="home" source="Orion">home</keyword> due to space constraints, Scott says you should protect them from dust with a garment bag.<h3>Accessories</h3>Use an over-the-door shoe organizer in your closet to store shoes and accessories such as scarves, gloves, and hats, says Stoller. Mittens and gloves will stay neatly matched in pouches, while mufflers and hats will be accessible but out of the way. If you don't have the capability of adding an over-the-door-organizer, use a hanging closet organizer, or smaller plastic bins that you can stack.Quick tip: Empty hardside luggage bags can be a creative storage solution that'll help you save space. Just be sure to store luggage in a cool, dry place to prevent fabric discoloration. <h2>Mistakes to avoid</h2><ul><li>Avoid storing clothes in spaces with irregular conditions. Spaces like an unheated garage, damp basement, or outdoor shed have changing temperatures and moisture levels. Clothes should be stored in a cool, dry place to prevent damage to fabrics from heat and moisture.</li><li>Never fold winter coats. Creases in heavy coats can become permanent. </li><li>Don't hang sweaters. Doing so will cause fabrics to stretch and lose their shape.</li></ul><h2>Insider's takeaway </h2>Making room in your closet for your spring wardrobe doesn't need to be an extensive chore. Before you store your winter clothing and footwear, edit anything you haven't worn by selling or recycling it. Before storing them, wash or dry clean winter items to remove stains and prevent musty odors and bug infestations. Make use of creative storage solutions like empty luggage, old comforter bags, and over-the-door shoe organizers to maximize space in your closet.

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