<ul><li>Kashmir’s <keyword id="23258755" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="saffron-farming" source="keywords">saffron farming</keyword> has come under threat from <keyword id="19942740" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-warming" source="keywords">global warming</keyword>.</li><li>Declining yields have resulted in production dropping to 15 tons annually.</li><li>Erratic weather patterns, unseasonable warmth, and diminishing snowfall have disrupted the balance required for <keyword id="23258756" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="saffron-cultivation" source="keywords">saffron cultivation</keyword>.</li></ul>Saffron has long been more than just a crop for the people of Kashmir valley, it is a symbol of heritage and a vital source of income for local farmers. But its farming is facing significant sustainability and livelihood issues, highlighting the urgent need for suitable technologies to combat global warming. As global temperatures rise, the very foundations of this traditional cultivation industry are under siege. Erratic weather patterns, unseasonable warmth, and diminishing snowfall have disrupted the delicate balance required for saffron cultivation. <keyword id="23258754" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="saffron-production" source="keywords">Saffron production</keyword>, which once reached nearly 17 tons annually, has now declined and stabilised at around 15 tons per year. Farmers who have invested their lives in saffron farming are now facing uncertainty and declining yields, jeopardizing their livelihoods. However, the technology and research being developed by the Advanced Research Centre for Saffron and Seed Spices in the Pampore district of Jammu and Kashmir – the only Saffron research centre in India – is continuously engaged in increasing the production of the crop. "Due to changing weather patterns, the research centre has developed an irrigation schedule for saffron farmers. This schedule, detailing when and how much irrigation the crop requires, has been shared with the Department of Agriculture. The research centre has provided comprehensive guidance covering all aspects of saffron cultivation, from land preparation and seed sowing to intercultural operations, harvesting, and post-harvest management, which is now accessible to our farmers," Bashir Ahmad Ilahi, Professor in Head Saffron Research Station, Pampore, told ANI. He said that saffron seeds are ideally sown in late July, with the crucial condition that the soil remains moist but not waterlogged. "The flowers typically begin to bloom between October 10 and 15, and harvesting occurs regularly by November 15. Once sown, the saffron crop can yield new produce for the next 4 to 5 years," Ilahi said. This delicate spice is cultivated across 3,500 hectares by generations of dedicated growers. Abdul Majeed Wani, a Saffron grower, told ANI that his family has been engaged in saffron farming for decades, particularly in the Pampore area of Kashmir. "Unfortunately, saffron production has declined in recent years. While India's demand for saffron reaches nearly 50 tons, we only produce about 10 to 12 tons. To support saffron farmers, the Indian government established a Saffron Park in Pampore in 2014, which became operational in 2020. Over 500 farmers bring their harvests here for testing, drying, and marketing. The facility also provides a Geographical Indication (GI) tag, which helps prevent adulteration and ensures the quality of our saffron," Wani said. He said that Prime Minister Narendra Modi personally promoted GI-tagged saffron, ensuring customers receive authentic saffron thanks to this certification. "All saffron farmers sell their products at the Saffron Park within two months. This facility houses the only authenticated saffron laboratory in Asia, specifically designed to meet the demands of Kashmiri saffron. While saffron is also produced in Iran and Afghanistan, Kashmiri saffron is classified as Grade 1, renowned for its superior quality," he said. Wani said that the world's best saffron is produced in Pampore, where prices range from 1.10 lakh to 1.25 lakh per kilogram. "Since the establishment of the Saffron Park, we have been able to sell saffron for as much as 2.50 lakh per kilogram. Pampore stands as the major hub for saffron farming in the region. "Global warming has contributed to a decline in saffron crops, with untimely rainfall adversely affecting production. Previously, annual yields ranged from 15 to 17 tons, but this has decreased in recent years. Fortunately, last year saw timely rainfall, allowing the crop to recover to previous levels. This year, the rain has arrived on time once again, and we remain hopeful that the crop will be plentiful," he added. Ashraf Gull, Saffron grower and trader from Pampore, told ANI that he is both a saffron farmer and trader, specializing in organic saffron. "Our production ranges from 10 to 15 tons, but it is declining due to climate change. Here, saffron is priced at around Rs 300 per gram, while it can sell for Rs 700 per gram outside Kashmir. Saffron is well-known for its medicinal properties, particularly its benefits for treating coughs and promoting overall health," Gull said. With respect to occupation, only one per cent of saffron growers are dependent on any other agriculture. The fight to preserve this precious crop symbolises a broader struggle against climate change, urging collective action to safeguard not just their livelihood, but the very essence of their culture. With inputs from ANI. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/gadgets/news/samsung-galaxy-watch-ultra-review/articleshow/113520294.cms">Samsung Galaxy Watch Ultra review – premium watch with a rugged design</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/arkade-developers-ipo-allotment-how-to-check-allotment-ipo-gmp-listing-date-and-more/articleshow/113493854.cms">Arkade Developers IPO allotment – Check allotment status, GMP, listing date and more</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/mobile/news/xiaomi-emerges-as-the-worlds-second-biggest-smartphone-brand-in-august/articleshow/113478178.cms">Xiaomi emerges as the world’s second-biggest smartphone brand in August</a>

Kashmir's saffron comes under threat due to rising global warming

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Real <keyword id="53648" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Saffron">saffron</keyword> can cost you over $10,000 per kilogram.</li><li>The miniscule harvest means the amount you get from each flower is roughly 0.006 grams.</li><li>A kilo of saffron could be made up of 450,000 strands. And to get that many strands, you need 150,000 flowers.</li></ul>Following is a transcript of the <keyword id="21654" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="video">video</keyword>:Narrator: Even in the expensive world of spices, saffron stands out. And real saffron can cost you over $10,000 per kilogram.Sought after for thousands of years as a <keyword id="6378177" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="spice">spice</keyword>, a dye, and a medicine, you need over 150 flowers to make just 1 gram of saffron. And the stuff you have at home in the cupboard could well be fake. So just what makes this spice so expensive?Saffron is the red stigma of the Crocus sativus. Each crocus has three small stigmas that have to be picked carefully by hand. This minuscule harvest means that the amount you get from each flower is roughly 0.006 grams.No machine can do the delicate work required to harvest these thin threads. And it can take 40 hours of hard manual labor to produce just 1 kilogram of high-quality saffron. Growing the plants isn't exactly easy either.David Smale: They're actually called corms, but they're like a bulb, basically. Like, you know, a flower bulb. So, the more flowers per bulb you can get, and the bigger the flowers, really, and that all depends on how you look after it, how you grow it, the climate.So, for example, if it rains just before harvest, we get bigger flowers. If it's very dry just before harvest, the flowers are smaller. So you look after the crop during the year by hand, and you pick the flowers by hand, and you process the flowers by hand.Narrator: Once the crop starts flowering, harvesters have to work fast to make sure they can pick it all in time. Almost all of the saffron planted can flower within one week of the year. And to maintain the quality, the flowers are best picked first thing in the morning.Quality is key when growing such a precise crop. And the taste of the saffron depends on the rainfall, temperature, and soil. Kashmir is famed for producing some of the highest-quality saffron in the world.And that small strand of saffron that you harvest as a result of all of this work? Well, to get the highest grades, you might need to throw half of it away. The most expensive, highest-grade saffron is generally made up of just the very tips of the stigma.In Iran, where over 90% of the world's saffron is produced, there are four grades. The lowest grade is the bunch. That's the entire strand that's pulled from the flower, from the dark red tips to the yellow base. In higher grades, the yellow strand is removed, leaving only a long strand of pure red.That means a kilo of saffron could be made up of 450,000 strands. And to get that many strands, you need 150,000 flowers. And those flowers take up a lot of growing space. Cumin, for example, can yield 600 kilos per acre. Nutmeg gets you around 350 kilograms in the same space. Use that land for saffron instead, and you get a 1.8 kilogram harvest.Despite the incredible amount of work and space this crop takes up, demand for the spice is increasing, and over 200 metric tons of saffron threads are harvested worldwide each year. That's the result of about 30 billion flowers.Demand for the threads is so high that many adulterate or produce fake saffron. Threads that look real at first glance could actually be made of corn silks, coconut fibers, or even horsehair. Synthetic colorings are also used to dye the lower-grade stigmas and sell them as high-grade saffron.In late 2019, a fake-saffron crime ring was uncovered in the UK, which led to a two-year international investigation. And back in 2010, Spain exported 190,000 kilos of saffron, worth $50 million, but the country's total production amounted to only 1,500 kilos. At the time, a local farmers union reported that up to 90% of Spanish saffron exports were fraudulent.The industry has attempted to crack down on these fake and mislabeled products, but the problem still persists, and the market for fake saffron is closing many real saffron farmers down. So, what does real saffron actually taste like?Smale: I've been asked that one by a lot of people over the years. [laughs] It's so difficult to describe, which is, I think, part of its fascination for people and why it ended up as an expensive product, because it is - it just adds something. It's a bittersweet flavor; it's an earthy flavor. Trying to replicate it is very difficult. And we've - you know, people have tried to do that, I know.Narrator: While saffron is just as popular as ever, it's been sought after throughout history. In Greek mythology, Zeus sometimes slept on a bed of saffron. And Cleopatra was said to bathe in saffron and milk, using the dyeing properties of the spice as an ancient fake tan.Every culture seems to have its own myth about the spice's powers, and in the 14th century, saffron's popularity skyrocketed across Europe when it was thought to be a possible cure for the plague.But there's a recent looming problem for saffron and its price: climate change. In Kashmir, production has dropped significantly, and many farmers are selling their land instead.Sajad Rafeeq: We had, you know, very few rains in the last, I think, four or five years. The temperature and the climate has completely changed in Kashmir.When I was a kid, when we used to go to the saffron farms to pick up the saffron, it would at least take us two days to pick up the saffron from the same fields which, you know, nowadays you could just pick up in half an hour. I'm very emotional about the saffron, because this is a cultural identity of Kashmir and especially the people of Pampore. But the thing is that the production is declining, and the lands are being sold. Houses are being built on the saffron land. So it really disheartens me.Narrator: Between 2017 and '18, saffron production in the region fell almost 70%, from 16.5 metric tons down to 5.2. And with continuing droughts and climate change, this harvest could become even more rare.

Real saffron can cost you over $10,000 per kilo. Here's what makes it so expensive

Why saffron is the world's most expensive spice

New Delhi [India] September 12 (ANI): Visiting <keyword id="18750100" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="g20-heads-of-state" source="Orion">G20 Heads of State</keyword>, leaders and their spouses were presented with <keyword id="18750101" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="handcrafted-artefacts" source="Orion">handcrafted artefacts</keyword> signifying India's rich culture by Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="narendra-modi" source="Orion">Narendra Modi</keyword>. It is comprised of a curated compilation of handcrafted artefacts and products, which speak volumes about India's rich cultural traditions. Some of the products are the product of centuries of tradition and are cherished across the world for their unparalleled workmanship and quality. These were meticulously created by the hands of master craftsmen. However, some products are the result of the unique bio-diversity of the country. The Government of India presented a Kashmiri Pashmina Stole in a Papier Mache box to the spouse of Brazil President Lula da Silva, Rosangela da Silva. This Kashmiri Pashmina stole has many enchanting stories woven into its fabric. The wool is obtained by combing (and not shearing) the undercoat of specific Himalayan goats. Skilled artisans hand-spin, weave, and embroider their delicate fibres using age-old processes. The result is a light, warm and intricate stole that embodies timeless elegance and craftsmanship. For centuries, Pashmina has been a symbol of royalty. From being the favourite of empresses to adorning the modern fashionista. The exquisite elegance and feel of these stoles have been adored by women across generations. Moreover, the stole was presented in a papier mache box which is among the most delicate, decorative and renowned crafts of Jammu and Kashmir. A masterpiece of craftsmanship, it is made from a mixture of paper pulp, rice straw and copper sulphate. Prime Minister Narendra Modi gifted an Assam stole in a Kadam Wood Box to Iriana Joko Widodo, the spouse of Indonesian President Joko Widodo. Assam stoles are traditional pieces of clothing woven in the northeastern state of Assam. This stole has been crafted by skilled artisans using Muga silk. These stoles are known for their intricate designs and motifs that often draw inspiration from the region's natural surroundings, often showcasing elements like flora and fauna. Assam stoles are not just garments; they embody the rich cultural heritage of the Assamese people and their weaving traditions. Draping an Assam stole isn't just donning clothing - it's embracing a glorious cultural heritage and artistic legacy. The Assam stole was presented in a Kadam wood box. Kadam (Burflower tree) wood is considered auspicious in <keyword id="38247" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-culture" source="Orion">Indian culture</keyword> and features in Indian religions and mythologies. This box has been handcrafted by the artisans of Karnataka. PM Modi further presented Kanjivaram Stole to Yuko Kishida, the spouse of his Japanese counterpart Fumio Kishida. Kanjivaram silk creations are a true masterpiece of Indian weaving, renowned for their rich and vibrant colours, intricate designs, and unparalleled craftsmanship. 'Kanjivaram' derives its name from a small south Indian village - Kanchipuram in Tamil Nadu, from where the craft originated. The stole is handcrafted from pure mulberry silk threads, by skilled weavers who have inherited the tradition and techniques from their ancestors. It is a very durable and strong fabric. At the same time, it exudes a queenly elegance, sophistication and grace. This stole was presented in a Kadam wood Jali box. Kadam (Burflower tree) wood is considered auspicious in Indian culture and features in Indian religions and mythologies. This box has been handcrafted with 'Jali' or latticework by the artisans of Kerala. Furthermore, PM Modi presented an elegant Banarasi stole to the spouse of the UK's Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, Akshata Murty in Kadam Wood Box. Banarasi silk stoles are India's elegant treasures. Handcrafted in Varanasi, they're soft like dreams. Luxurious silk threads create intricate patterns, reflecting the city's cultural richness and its weaving heritage. Banarasi silk stoles are adored for weddings and special occasions. They add a regal grace to the wearer. Their shimmering texture and vibrant hues make them coveted fashion accessories. Whether draped over shoulders or worn as headscarves, these stoles exude timeless charm. 'Banarsi' is one of the most prized possessions in the wardrobe of every well-dressed woman in the sub-continent. This stole was presented in a Kadam wood box. Kadam (Burflower tree) wood is considered auspicious in Indian culture and features in Indian religions and mythologies. This box has been handcrafted by the artisans of Karnataka. Moreover, PM Modi further extended the gift to the spouse of Mauritius PM Pravind Jugnauth, Kobita Ramdanee. He presented the Iakkat Stole packed in the Teak Wood Box. Ikkat Stole is a timeless masterpiece created by the artisans of Odisha - this is a traditional mulberry silk stole adorned with the exquisite Ikat technique. 'Ikat' is a meticulous dyeing process on silk or cotton. It involves tying and dying specific sections of threads to produce a symphony of shades while keeping the tied portions untouched. As these threads intertwine, they create a resplendent fabric, graced with pale motifs against a dark backdrop. Precision is the heart of this art. Originating in the 12th century when artisans migrated from Gujarat, the legacy of Odisha Ikat endures and thrives. Presented in a Teak wood box, the stole has been handcrafted by artisans of Gujarat using the hardy and durable teak wood. PM Modi presented a Banarasi Silk Stole in an Ebony Jali Box to the spouse of Argentina's President Alberto Fernandez, Marcela Luchetti. Banarasi silk stoles are India's elegant treasures. Handcrafted in Varanasi, they're soft like dreams. Luxurious silk threads create intricate patterns, reflecting the city's cultural richness and its weaving heritage. The other handcrafted artefacts included a Khadi scarf, Sheeshamwood Sandook with Brass Patti, Araku Coffee, Kashmir Saffron and many more. Khadi Scarf originated from India and Khadi is an eco-friendly clothing material most beloved for its beautiful texture and versatility throughout the seasons. It can be spun into life from cotton, silk, jute or wool. It is also one of the most important symbols of India's freedom struggle. In fact, its name was coined by Mahatma Gandhi himself. The rural artisans of India, comprising 70 per cent women, hand spin and hand-weave these intricate threads into the ultimate fashion statements adorned across the globe. From its beginnings on the spinning wheel during India's independence movement to today being a marker of high quality and luxury, khadi has been epitomizing sustainable fashion for decades. Another gift was Sheeshamwood Sandook with Brass Patti. 'Sandook' is the hindi word for a treasure chest. Traditionally, it is a strong box made of solid old wood or metal, with a lid on top and embellishments all over. It holds a special place in Indian cultural and folk legends, besides being the epitome of exquisite workmanship. This Sandook has been hand-crafted using Sheesham (Indian Rosewood), which is valued for its strength, durability, distinctive grain patterns and rich colour. The brass patti (strip) is delicately etched and embedded into the wood, transforming the piece into a masterpiece of visual delight and tactile splendour. It is worthy of being treasure on its own, besides storing other treasures within. The present also included the most exotic spice in the world, Saffron from Kashmir. Saffron ('Zafran' in Persian, 'Kesar' in Hindi) is the most expensive spice in the world. Across cultures and civilizations, saffron has been valued for its unparalleled culinary and medicinal value. It is a treasure of nature, both rare and enticing. Each strand of it comprises the stigma of 'Saffron Crocus'. The stigma's crimson hue holds the concentrated essence of sun-soaked days and cool nights. Cultivating saffron is a very labour-intensive process. It requires the delicate hand-harvesting of thousands of flowers (each flower contains three crimson stigmas) to yield a mere ounce of the spice. Kashmiri Saffron stands as a true embodiment of exclusivity and exceptional quality. Its intense aromatic profile, vibrant colour and unmatched potency set it apart. This is due to the crisp air, abundant sunlight and well-drained soil of Kashmir, which yields saffron with a higher concentration of essential oils. Apart from being a luxurious and sought-after culinary spice, saffron is abundantly rich in antioxidants and provides many health benefits. Another present was the Pekoe Darjeeling and Nilgiri Tea. Pekoe Darjeeling and Nilgiri Tea are two illustrious gems from Bharat's tea tapestry, epitomizing the delicate art of tea cultivation and infusion. Darjeeling tea is the most valued tea in the world. Only tender shoots are handpicked from shrubs, located on the misty hills of West Bengal at altitudes of 3000-5000 ft. These nuances, along with the soil's unique character get reflected in the highly aromatic and invigorating cup that comes to your table. Nilgiri Tea comes from the most spectacular mountain range in South Bharat. Cultivated amidst the mountains' lush terrain at an elevation of 1000-3000 feet. The tea is relatively mild. At the same time, it is renowned for its bright and brisk liquor and clean flavour. It is a preferred choice for lemon or iced tea. The government of India also has the world's first terroir-mapped coffee, Araku coffee. It is grown on organic plantations in the Araku Valley of Andhra Pradesh. These coffee beans bear the essence of the valley's rich soil and temperate climate. The coffee plants are cultivated by the valley's farmers who farm the land in complete harmony with nature. They work by hand in small farms and grow the coffee naturally, without the use of machines or chemicals. This ensures that the coffee is organic and the cultivation is sustainable. What the end user gets is traditional coffee powder/beans directly from a farmer's house. Pure Arabica with a rare aromatic profile, Araku Coffee is known for its unique texture and a symphony of flavours that makes for a smooth, well-balanced cup. One of the gifts was from the largest mangrove forest in the world, Sundarbans. Sundarbans Multiflora Mangrove Honey mirrors the bio-diversity of the area and has a distinct and rich flavour profile. Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world, located on the delta formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers in the Bay of Bengal. It is home to wild colonies of honeybees. Before the culture of beehive farming, people used to hunt honeycombs from the wilderness. This tradition of beehive hunting is still practised among the people of Sundarbans. Sundarbans Multiflora Mangrove Honey blends the nectar of various mangrove flowers like Khalisha, Band Garan...to create a harmony of sweet and earthy notes. It is less viscous than other types of honey. Besides being 100 per cent natural and pure, Sundarban honey is also high in flavonoids and provides valuable health benefits. PM Modi also presented the texture of a rare luxury, Kashmiri Pashmina. The Kashmiri Pashmina shawl has many enchanting stories woven into its fabric.'Pashm' means wool in Persian. But in Kashmiri, it refers to the raw unspun wool of the Changthangi goat (the world's most unique Cashmere goat) found only at a height of 14,000 feet above sea level. The wool is collected by combing (and not shearing) the undercoat of this goat. Skilled artisans hand-spin, weave, and embroider their delicate fibres using age-old processes. The result is a light, warm and intricate shawl that embodies timeless elegance and craftsmanship. In ancient courts, Pashmina was used as an indicator of rank and nobility. The fabric was an integral part of the rituals of bestowing honour upon anyone. Every piece of clothing made using Pashmina is a rare amalgamation - of craftsmanship, of exclusivity, of legend and of style. Adding to the list of gifts, the government of India also presented Zighrana Ittar to the global leaders. Zighrana Ittar is a masterpiece of fragrance hailing from Kannauj, a city in Uttar Pradesh. 'Ittar' (meaning 'perfume') is an essential oil derived from botanical sources. It showcases a centuries-old tradition of exquisite perfume crafting. Skillfully distilled using a method passed down through generations, Ittar is an ode to precision and patience. Master artisans delicately gather rare blossoms like jasmine and roses at dawn, when their fragrance is most potent. Through the meticulous process of hydro-distillation, the essential oils are extracted and then matured over time, allowing the notes to harmonize and deepen. This alchemical journey culminates in Zighrana Ittar - a fragrant symphony that resonates with the rich heritage of Kannauj. Some niche and artisanal perfumes also incorporate Ittar into their creations, for its unique and natural scent profile. Zighrana Ittar transcends time, conjuring up images of ancient bazaars and royal courts, where once its scent graced the air. Moreover, to commemorate India's G20 Presidency, PM Modi released special G20 postage stamps and coins on July 26, 2023. The G20 India Stamps and Coins were released during the inauguration of Bharat Mandapam at Pragati Maidan. The designs of both the coins and stamps draw inspiration from India's G20 Logo and theme of 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam' or 'One Earth. One Family. One Future'. The two Postage Stamps of denomination 20 each, celebrate India's G20 Presidency period from December 1 2022-November 30, 2023. The first G20 Commemorative Postage Stamp demonstrates togetherness and the collective will of G20 members to achieve inclusive, decisive and action-oriented outcomes under India's Presidency. (ANI)

What's inside G20 gift bags? Kashmiri Pashminas, Zighrana Ittar and more

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The Indian-controlled state of Jammu and Kashmir has been on lockdown since August - making it the longest lockdown to ever take place in a democratic state. </li><li>India has <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kashmir-india-territory-downgrade-flag-constitution-internet-blackout-2019-10">imposed</a> curfews and internet blackouts across the region, stifling local business like the saffron and apple trades.</li><li>India's supreme court has since ruled the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-top-court-proclaims-kashmir-internet-blackout-unconstitutional-2020-1">indefinite internet blackout unlawful</a>, and ordered the government to review the restrictions.</li><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/watch/BusinessInsiderToday/470155010549573/">Business Insider Weekly</a> visited Kashmir to learn how a government lockdown is affecting local farmers and traders. </li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>PAMPORE, Kashmir - Ashiq Rashid's family has been farming saffron for more than 80 years - since before their homeland, Kashmir, was a disputed territory between India and Pakistan."We've been farming saffron for generations - from my great-grandfather, grandfather, my father. Now it's me. I'm farming," Rashid told <a href="https://www.facebook.com/watch/BusinessInsiderToday/470155010549573/">Business Insider Weekly</a>.About 7% of the world's saffron is harvested in the Indian-controlled union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, making India one of the top exporters since it gained control of part of the region in 1947. But saffron farmers like Rashid have struggled ever since India's government has put Kashmir on lockdown, imposing an internet blackout and region-wide curfews as well as stepping up its military presence. It's been more than five months since the lockdown begain in August, making it the <a href="https://www.insider.com/kashmir-internet-shut-down-imposed-india-longest-ever-by-democracy-2019-12">longest ever imposed in a democratic state</a>.<img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5e18d202f4423110e63284c4-1920/saffron%20farmer%20in%20kashmir%20flower%20field.jpg" alt="Saffron farmer in Kashmir flower field" />"During conflicts, a farmer cannot go to work. He cannot tend to his land, so that affects productivity," Rashid said.This year, life in Indian-administered Kashmir became even more unbearable.On August 5, Indian prime minister Narendra Modi <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/08/06/this-is-modi-governments-darkest-moment/">revoked Article 370</a> of India's constitution, ending decades of semi-autonomous rule for the Muslim-majority Kashmir.The Indian government sent in <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/28-000-more-troops-deployed-in-kashmir-valley-1576280-2019-08-02">38,000 extra troops</a> to smother any signs of dissent, critics say. Modi also imposed a curfew, blocked roads, and shut off most forms of communication, including the internet.India's supreme court ruled on Friday that the indefinite internet shutdown is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-top-court-proclaims-kashmir-internet-blackout-unconstitutional-2020-1">unlawful</a>, ordering the government to review the restrictions on the region. Additionally, the court ordered India's government to make public its orders on internet shutdowns, which the government deploys often. India has experienced <a href="https://internetshutdowns.in/">353 internet shutdowns</a> since 2016. The lockdown has enraged Kashmiris, and stifled businesses that rely on the internet."Many farmers, many product sellers in Kashmir used to sell their products on online websites like Amazon, Flipkart and other online websites," Sajad Rafeeq, a former saffron farmer, told Business Insider Weekly. "So when there's, you know, any kind of shutdown or when there's, you know, conflict and the communication is not good, so all of the industry gets affected."Recently, the Indian government has slowly begun restoring communications. Cellphone service returned in October, and on the first day of 2020, internet access was granted to government schools and hospitals, albeit with heavy restrictions. Most residents are still living without it. Experts are already noticing early consequences of the lockdown."The Kashmiris have always felt that they have a distinctive identity, especially the Muslims in the Valley and that had actually been written into the constitution," Sumit Ganguly, a political science professor at Indiana University, told Business Insider Weekly. "Now they feel that that special status, which had been eroded over time, has now been completely abrogated."<h2>Turmoil in the region dates back to more than 70 years ago.</h2><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5e177295b2e66a57bb5a37e8-2400/gettyimages-1159685104.jpg" alt="kashmir Srinagar" />Turmoil in Kashmir started more than 70 years ago, when India and Pakistan <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2017/08/08/asia/india-pakistan-independence-timeline/index.html">gained their independence from the British</a> in 1947. The dispute over who controlled the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir gave rise to three wars and other armed conflicts over the region.To this day, India blames Pakistan for stirring the unrest by backing separatist militants - a charge its neighbor denies.At least 4,000 people have died in violent clashes in Kashmir over the past decade or so - including 1000 Indian security forces, <a href="http://jkccs.net/">according to a nonprofit</a> based in the city of Srinagar. Still, in the past five months, it's gotten even harder to sustain commerce at every level.In October, unidentified gunmen <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-apples/suspected-militants-kill-two-in-indian-kashmir-set-apple-trucks-ablaze-idUSKBN1X328R">set fire to three apple trucks</a> in Indian Kashmir's Shopian district, killing two drivers and stoking more fear. Apple farming is the pillar of the region's economy, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-kashmir-apples/kashmir-apple-trade-picks-up-again-under-shadow-of-militant-attacks-idUSKBN1WX1LY">employing half of the population</a>, about 3.5 million people. In fact, 70% of India's apples came from Kashmir last year, <a href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-10-28/india-kashmir-economy-crackdown">contributing $1.5 billion</a> to the Indian economy.But now, Kashmiri fruit traders like Maqbool Hussain say they're having trouble getting their produce to market."If nobody comes to buy apples from outside, then how will Kashmiri apples sell?" Hussain said. "We can't find anyone to work in the markets. Almonds are spoiling. Walnut sales have gone down by 60%."<h2>The fallout can be felt hundreds of miles away in neighboring Ladakh.</h2><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/5e18d381b2e66a15c60e31d7-1920/goat%20herder%20in%20ladakh.jpg" alt="Goat herder in Ladakh" />The fallout from the conflict can also be felt hundreds of miles away from the violence, in the serene mountains of Ladakh, a neighboring region that's also administered by India. There, herders like Karma Takgol still <a href="https://www.utsavpedia.com/textiles/pashmina/">gather raw wool from Tibetan goats</a> the way they have since the 15th century."Old people say that the villages with the coldest weather have the best pashmina," Takgol told Business Insider Weekly.India officially split Ladakh from the rest of Jammu and Kashmir in October, creating a separate territory that is mostly Buddhist. The army maintains the only road connecting Ladakh to the rest of India.But no matter where the government draws its lines around Kashmir, what happens across the mountains can still be felt in the birthplace of the material that carries its name - cashmere - known locally as pashmina.As traditional industries have suffered because of the conflict, the Indian government has at times tried to support the local economy. A federal agency offered to buy up Kashmir's apple crop in October, but farmers said the rates were too low and many didn't take up the offer. The country's leaders also devised a plan a decade ago to help saffron growers combat drought, with a $57 million proposal to irrigate the land.But several farmers, including Gulam Rasool Bhat, told us the scheme has failed."The government promised proper irrigation. Funds were sanctioned and infrastructure built, but no actual assistance was provided," Bhat said. "They even charged us 5,000 rupees per acre for providing irrigation - still nothing was done."Now, Kashmiris say the Indian government's help cannot make up for the way that the heavy military presence, internet blackout, and curfews have upended the economy. Saffron farmers like Rashid said that "because of the conflict here, the curfew here, our ambitions remain unfulfilled.""Younger people feel angry that I want to increase the productivity of my land," he said. "We hope our desires will be fulfilled but the conflict and curfew here don't allow us to prosper."<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FBusinessInsiderToday%2Fvideos%2F574685466717148%2F&amp;show_text=0&amp;width=560" width="560" height="315" style="border:none;overflow:hidden" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe>

Kashmir's 5-month internet blackout is the longest ever imposed in a democracy - and it's stifling local workers

Kohima, May 29 () Days after the ruling PDA coalition, of which the BJP is a part, said it would focus on agriculture and allied sectors to lift the sagging economy of Nagaland, the state unit of the saffron party has begun distributing hybrid seeds of kharif crops among farmers. Nagaland BJP chief and state minister Temjen Imna Along launched the distribution programme at the party's state headquarters on Thursday in the presence of other leaders. "The seeds, mostly of eggplant, bitter gourd, pumpkin, chiili, beans, cucumber and okra, will be distributed by the BJP district farmers' wing. This is a small step by the party to make Nagaland a self-reliant state," he said. Amid the COVID-19 crisis and lockdown restrictions, "agriculture is the best weapon against hunger and poverty", Along, the minister for higher and technical education and tribal affairs, said. "Everything else can wait, but not agriculture. If our state remains on the back foot when it comes to agri and allied sectors, we will face greater problems after the pandemic," he said. Despite having a fertile land encompassing 16,000 sq km, Nagaland has to depend on other states for vegetables such as a chilli, he rued. "Let us all work towards farming and growing our own vegetables, while also increasing meat production, to build a stronger and more vibrant Nagaland," he added. NBS RMS RMS

Agriculture key to reviving economy in Nagaland: Minister

<ul class="summary-list"><li>While there is no nutritional difference between brown and white <keyword id="18059" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Eggs">eggs</keyword>, there can be differences in <keyword id="52652" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="nutrition">nutrition</keyword> depending on what the hen is fed.</li><li>Brown eggs and white eggs do not taste different, the most important thing is getting fresh eggs.</li><li>Brown eggs are more common in New England, where brown-laying breeds originated.</li></ul>Brown or white? When it comes to buying eggs you probably choose out of habit, but the truth is the color of eggs doesn't matter much. Brown eggs and white eggs might look different, but in terms of taste, nutrition, and uses they're the same, says Ken Klippen, president of the<a href="http://www.eggfarmers.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> National Association of Egg Farmers</a>, who has a master's degree in poultry science. "There's no taste difference and no nutritional difference," Klippen says. Brown eggs simply have a pigment in the shell that white eggs don't have, he explains.Ultimately, the color of an egg tells you a little about the breed of chicken that laid it. Darker breeds tend to lay darker eggs, while white breeds lay white eggs. However, other aspects of the hen's <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">health</keyword>, especially what it was fed, could impact the nutritional value, taste, and texture of your eggs - regardless of color, Klippen says. Here's what you should know about brown versus white eggs, and what else to look for when purchasing your dozen. <h2>Why are eggs white vs. brown? </h2>To understand why some eggs are brown, it's helpful to consider<a href="https://backyardpoultry.iamcountryside.com/eggs-meat/how-do-chickens-lay-eggs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> how eggs are produced</a>. The yolk of the egg - the ovum of the hen - enters the oviduct. As the yolk moves along, layers including the egg white and shell are added. That's the same for all eggs, but for brown eggs there's an extra step: At the end of the process, a pigment called<a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24235220/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> protoporphyrin IX</a> is added to the eggshell in dark-feathered hens. The color of the egg is entirely dictated by the breed. You can tell what color egg a hen will produce by looking at its feathers or earlobes. In general, brown layers are American-origin breeds like<a href="https://www.bovans.com/en/product/bovans-brown/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Bovans Browns</a> or<a href="https://www.bovans.com/en/product/bovans-brown/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> New Hampshire Red</a>, while white layers are Mediterranean-origin breeds like the<a href="https://www.thehappychickencoop.com/leghorn-chicken/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> Leghorn</a>.<h2>Why are brown eggs more expensive?</h2>Most eggs sold in the United States are white, Klippen says. That's because breeds like the Leghorn are smaller, but still produce lots of eggs, so they are more economical for farmers. This also explains why brown eggs are often more expensive. "It takes more feed to feed and produce a dozen eggs for a brown-shelled egg layer, and that's your primary expense in farming eggs," he says. Despite that, brown eggs are more common in New England, where brown-laying breeds originated. They're also a more popular choice for free-range eggs, something that Klippen says is a marketing move."If consumers see something labeled cage-free, and it's brown, they think of a farm," he says. That holistic image can make people more willing to accept higher prices, says Klippen. <h2>What to consider when buying eggs</h2>Today, the choice of what eggs to buy goes beyond just white and brown. Here's what some of those <a href="https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/USDA%20Grademarked%20Product%20Label%20Submission%20Checklist.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">common labels</a> you see on your egg cartons mean, according to Klippen: <ul><li>Free-range: Eggs labeled free-range come from hens that have unlimited access to food, water, and outdoor spaces during their laying cycle. </li><li>Cage-free: Eggs labeled cage-free are from hens that have unlimited access to food and water, plus some room to roam.</li><li>Omega-3 enriched: These are eggs from hens that have been fed a <keyword id="6358230" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="diet">diet</keyword> with flaxseed, which contains <a href="https://www.insider.com/omega-3-benefits" target="_blank" rel="noopener">omega-3 fatty acids</a>. The eggs, therefore, have more omega-3, but<a href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/are-omega-3-eggs-as-good-as-eating-fish/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> much less</a> than a serving of fish. </li><li>Organic: Organic eggs originate from chickens that have been fed a wholly organic diet. They usually have access to the outdoors as well, Klippen says. </li></ul>Many eggs sold in the US are from caged chickens, Klippen says. These chickens have space to move around, Klippen says, but being in a cage with only a few other hens protects them from<a href="https://www.thehappychickencoop.com/the-pecking-order/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> the violent pecking</a> that hens do to each other. Spending on free-range or cage-free eggs doesn't necessarily guarantee a more humane experience for the chicken, he says. Some people opt to buy local or backyard eggs produced by a household or small farm. These eggs <a href="https://www.ams.usda.gov/sites/default/files/media/USDA%20Grademarked%20Product%20Label%20Submission%20Checklist.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">are not subject</a> to the same refrigeration requirements as FDA-regulated commercial eggs, Klippen says. If a farmer has fewer than 3,000 hens, they are not required to refrigerate eggs, so Klippen says that people buying local should make sure that the eggs they are purchasing have not been left in the sun, which could lead to bacterial growth,<a href="https://eggsafety.org/us-refrigerate-eggs-countries-dont/#:~:text=The%20answer%20has%20to%20do,before%20they%20reach%20the%20consumer." target="_blank" rel="noopener"> including salmonella</a>. "If the eggs sit in the sun for any length of time you could be exposing yourself to problems," he says.<h2>Insider's takeaway </h2>Looking at all the options for eggs can be overwhelming. While there is no taste or nutritional differences between brown and white eggs, there can be differences in nutrition depending on what the hen is fed. The most important thing is getting fresh eggs, Klippen says. While taste tests have shown that most people can't taste the difference between a fresh egg or one that is slightly older, there is a texture difference, Klippen says. Fresh eggs will be fluffy and full when cooked, while older eggs fall flat. To get the freshest egg possible, Klippen recommends skipping all the fancy labels. "When people ask me what is the best egg to buy, I tell them when you go into a retailer, look for the lowest cost eggs. Because consumers are price conscious, you're going to get a fresher egg," he says. "With a lower price, eggs turn over every day. If you buy just ordinary eggs, you should get eggs that are less than 48 hours old."<h2>Related articles from <a href="https://www.insider.com/health-reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Health Reference</a>:</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/saffron-benefits" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Science-backed benefits of saffron - the world's most expensive spice</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/bee-pollen-benefits" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Many health claims about bee pollen are unproven - here are 3 benefits backed by science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/benefits-of-drinking-water" target="_blank" rel="noopener">7 science-backed benefits of drinking water - and how much water you should drink each day</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/celery-juice-benefits" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Many health claims about celery juice are false - here are 4 proven benefits backed by science</a></li><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/benefits-of-beets" target="_blank" rel="noopener">6 proven health benefits of beets: How the root vegetable may improve athletic performance and help you lose weight</a></li></ul>

Brown versus white eggs: Which eggs to buy and why

<ul><li>Out of the 11 measures announced on May 15, 8 related to strengthening infrastructure, logistics, storage capacity.</li><li>Three of them were related to governance and administrative reforms, the Minister said speaking in New Delhi. </li><li>Sitharaman promised that government will allocate money and to quickly ramp up existing policies in these spaces.</li></ul><keyword id="6355261" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="finance-minister">Finance Minister</keyword> Nirmala Sitharaman's third tranche of the ₹20 lakh crore ($270 billion) economic stimulus promised by Prime Minister Narendra Modi from the government in New Delhi was dedicated to farming and allied activities including fisheries and animal husbandry etc. The first tranche was a clearly quantifiable ₹5.9 lakh crore ($78 billion) push for micro, small and medium (MSME) businesses, non-banking financial companies, among others. The second one was dedicated largely to providing relief to migrant workers and small farmers. One nation, one ration card was one of the highlights of the announcement. ALSO READ: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/for-one-nation-one-ration-card-scheme-narendra-modi-and-nirmala-sitharaman-face-many-risks/slidelist/75752500.cms">For ‘One nation, one ration card’ to work, India has to fix a bunch of issues on war footing</a> Out of the 11 measures announced on May 15, 8 related to strengthening infrastructure, logistics, storage capacity and 3 were related to governance and administrative reforms. Sitharaman promised that government will allocate money and to quickly ramp up existing policies in these spaces. These are the top highlights of the Finance Minister's speech on May 15: 1. ₹1 lakh crore ($13 billion) allocated to strengthen <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/india-sets-up-fund-for-cold-storage-for-farm-products-startups-are-eligible/articleshow/75758088.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">farm-gate infrastructure like cold chains, storage centres</a>etc. The fund created for cooperatives,farmers producer organisations, private entrepreneurs, startups etc. looking to enter this space. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="75758676" title="India proposes to deregulate prices of onions, potatoes, pulses and other essential food — prices won’t be capped and one can store as much as needed" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> 2. For micro food enterprises, the government will provide a fund of ₹10,000 crore. The intention is to help local manufacturers and brands, in the health and wellness space, organic products, nutrition products etc. to go global. The fun will go into modernising, formalising, and bringing these firms up to global standards. This will be cluster-based approach. For instance, makhana makers in Bihar, saffron products makers in Kashmir, tapioca makers in Tamil Nadu, ragi makers in Karnataka etc. can benefit from this. 3. Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (a scheme dedicated to marine fisheries and aquaculture):₹20,000 crore to boost fish production by 7 million tonnes in the next five years. 4. [An existing programme] ₹13,343 crore had been allocated for National Animal Disease Control Programme in January 2020 to ensure 100% vaccination of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and pig population (over 53 crore animals). 1.5 crore cows and buffaloes tagged and vaccinated till date. This will continue in green zones. 5. A new fund of ₹15,000 crore is being established to boost animal husbandry infrastructure development. Dairy producers and processors will be eligible for incentives being provided from this fund. Those who want to set up plants for export of niche dairy products will also be supported. 6. ₹4,000 crore for promotion of cultivation of medicinal plants. 1 million hectares to be covered under herbal cultivation in the next two years. This will lead to income generation of ₹5,000 crore for farmers. Development of a corridor of 800 hectare area along the banks of river Ganga. A network of regional markets (mandis) will be created for medicinal plants. 7. ₹500 crore for beekeeping initiatives. Government will implement a scheme for infrastructure development related to Integrated Beekeeping Development Centres, Collection, Marketing and Storage Centres. This will lead to an increase in yield and crop quality, resulting in increase in income for 2 lakh beekeepers. 8. ₹500 crore for subsidy to farmers of green produce (fruits and vegetables). 50% subsidy for transportation of green produce from surplus to deficient markets. 50% subsidy for storage of green produce. This pilot project will initially be for a period of 6 months - the government says it will be expanded and extended in the future. 9. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/policy/news/what-is-essential-commodities-act-that-nirmala-sitharaman-wants-to-amend/articleshow/75759156.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Essential Commodities Act</a>will be amended to deregulate prices of cereals, edible oils, oilseeds, pulses, onions and potato etc. Stock limits to be imposed only under exceptional circumstances like national calamities, famine with a surge in prices. No such stock limit shall apply to processors or value chain participants, or to any exporter subject to export demand. 10. Farmers will be given the choice to sell their produce at attractive prices, instead of selling it to just <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/news/bjp-narendra-modi-nirmala-sitharaman-push-agriculture-apmc-reform/articleshow/75760189.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">APMCs (Agricultural Produce Market Committee)</a>. Framework for e-trading of agricultural produce to be included in the central law proposed to be formulated. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="75760364" title="I have been asking for this for 20 years, says Ashok Gulati, agriculture scientist ⁠— cheering the changes to Essential Commodities Act and APMC" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> 11. Agricultural Produce Price and Quality Assurance. Facilitative legal framework to be created to enable farmers for engaging with food processors, aggregators, large retailers, exporters etc. Risk mitigation for farmers, assured returns and quality standardisation shall form an integral part of the framework Taking stock of the measures taken during the lockdown. ₹74,300 crore worth agricultural produce was purchased at minimum support prices since the lockdown began on March 25. ₹18,700 crore cash has transferred from the Prime Minister's Kisan (farmer) Fund. ₹6,400 crore worth claims under PM Fasal Bimal Yojana (crop protection scheme). Milk cooperatives bought 560 litres of every day against the daily demand of 360 litres. Additional 111 crore litres of milk was purchased and dairy farmers were paid ₹4,100 crore. The excess milk will be converted to milk powder, a Finance Ministry official said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/zomato-lays-off-13-of-its-workforce-announces-pay-cuts-for-all/articleshow/75756087.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Zomato lays off 13% of its workforce, announces pay cuts for all – CEO Deepinder Goyal says 40% of their restaurants could shut down in 12 months</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/hyderabad-startup-vera-healthcare-has-built-a-testing-bus-for-covid-19-with-an-inhouse-quarantine-berth-and-will-cover-upto-10000-houses-in-a-day/articleshow/75755521.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">This Hyderabad-based startup has built a testing bus for Covid-19 – with an inhouse quarantine berth and will cover upto 10,000 houses in a day</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/biocon-share-price-falls-after-earnings-and-mutual-funds-stake-in-the-stock/articleshow/75754048.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Biocon was a hot stock before the latest earnings— from Tata Asset Management to Baroda AMC, at least five mutual fund houses added it to their portfolio</a>

These are the top takeaways from Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman's third installment from Modi's ₹20 lakh  crore stimulus

<ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.insider.com/rice-dishes-from-around-the-world-what-they-look-like-2018-7">Rice</a> makes up a major part of the diet of more than 3.5 billion people around the globe.</li><li>The grain is used in savory dishes like <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/6-ways-youve-been-cooking-paella-all-wrong-2016-1">Spain's paella</a> and sweet dishes like Filipino champorado.</li><li>We took a look at 16 <keyword id="13726" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="rice">rice</keyword> dishes from <keyword id="46661" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="60" keywordseo="Around-the-world">around the world</keyword>.</li></ul>Following is a transcript of the <keyword id="21654" type="COMPANY" weightage="60" keywordseo="video">video</keyword>.Abby Tang: Over 3.5 billion people from around the world eat rice as a staple part of their diet, and we can only show some of the beloved rice dishes that exist. Let's take a look at how rice is eaten around the world.This dish stirs up a debate out of love. Jollof rice is a dish from West Africa that varies from country to country. It's popular in Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, and many others. Most jollof rice dishes include tomatoes, onions, and peppers. Choices of protein can vary from lamb to chicken, beef, or fish. Jollof rice can be served with sides like fried plantains or vegetables.Nasi goreng is Indonesia's national dish and translates simply to "fried rice." It's believed to have been introduced when Chinese immigrants made their way to Indonesia sometime between the 10th and 15th centuries. Nasi goreng is made with an abundance of spices, garlic, shallot, and a sweet soy sauce called kecap manis. Meat, vegetables, and eggs can also be added in. Some accompaniments include fried prawn crackers, salad, or sambal, an Indonesian chili sauce.In Spanish cuisine, paella is a must-try rice dish. It originated in Valencia and is best cooked in a paella pan over an open fire. Traditionally, it was made by farm laborers during lunch and eaten straight from the pan. The meats and vegetables used in this dish varied based on whatever was available at the time. Nowadays, there are plenty of variations with meat and seafood. Essential ingredients are onions, garlic, and saffron for a deep yellow stain.This creamy rice dish is an Italian staple. Arborio or carnaroli rice is the best type of grain to use. The rice is cooked with broth, butter, onions, wine, and Parmesan cheese. Some may argue that risotto is time consuming and requires a lot of attention when cooking, but once you get a hang of the technique, the dish can be ready in as little as 30 minutes.Cơm tấm, also known as broken rice, is a Vietnamese dish with humble beginnings. The grains used in cơm tấm are considered to be broken leftovers from the drying and milling process. Traditionally, farmers from the Mekong Delta would cook the unsellable grains. Eventually, they introduced the dish to the city of Saigon, which is now known as Ho Chi Minh City. Cơm tấm is served with a variety of sides, like shredded pork, eggs, and pickled vegetables.This rice entree comes from the city of Yangzhou in China's Jiangsu province. Some may know the dish as house fried rice. It's made of rice tossed with roast pork, shrimp, scallions, eggs, and peas inside of a wok. The best type of rice to use is leftover cooked rice. Chinese restaurants worldwide have kept this dish a staple menu item. India's biryani rice is a fusion of spices. The word biryani derives from the Persian word birian and means "fried before cooking." A long-grain rice, such as basmati, is fried and cooked with meat, vegetables, eggs, nuts, and fruits. Depending on the region, there are countless variations and cooking methods of biryani.Puerto Rico's rice dish is also considered the island's national dish. Arroz con gandules is rice cooked with pigeon peas, pork, and sofrito sauce. It's usually served during holidays and special occasions.Jamaican rice and peas uses pigeon peas or kidney beans. Long-grain rice is cooked with coconut milk, garlic, scallions, pepper, and allspice. Rice and peas is commonly served in households every Sunday. It's usually served as a side dish along with curries or jerk and barbecue chicken.Using similar ingredients like pigeon peas and coconut milk, Trinidad and Tobago's rice dish is called pelau. Trinidadians use a technique called browning the meat by adding meat to burnt sugar in a pot with onions and garlic before adding the rice and other ingredients. For extra flavor, a key ingredient to add near the end of cooking would be Golden Ray salted butter. The final product can be served wet, meaning it's on the soupier side, or dry, on the grainy side.Korean bibimbap translates to "mixed rice with meat and vegetables." Traditionally, it was made with raw beef and raw egg yolk. Today, many variations exist based on choice. White rice is served with side dishes like kimchi, onions, eggs, mushrooms, and so on. Bibimbap is served with gochujang sauce for extra flavor.When visiting Louisiana, you must add jambalaya to your food-bucket list. The one-pot dish is a staple in New Orleans and can be categorized into two types, Creole and Cajun. The Creole version is redder and uses tomatoes. In both versions, long-grain rice is cooked with a mix of meats. Some popular choices are seafood, chicken, or sausage. Some variations include all three. Vegetables, onions, spices, and peppers are also mixed in.This rice dish is sweet. Champorado is a chocolate porridge made with glutinous sweet rice. Traditionally, tableya, or pure cocoa blocks, are used, but cocoa powder makes a great substitution. In the Philippines, the porridge is commonly eaten for breakfast and served alongside tuyo, a salted dried fish. It's topped with sweetened condensed milk, evaporated milk, or coconut milk.Tahdig is basically scorched rice. It's made from the pan-fried layer of crust at the bottom of the rice pot. Many years ago, rice was a luxury ingredient in Persia. According to legend, a single grain of rice should not go wasted or left in the pot. To achieve this, cooks would layer the bottom of the pot with bread to prevent the rice from burning. Other techniques use a mixture of rice, yogurt, and saffron or thin slices of peeled potatoes. Whichever ingredients you choose to place beneath the rice, the end result will be a golden crispy layer at the bottom of the pot.Mansaf is Jordan's national dish. It consists of rice and lamb cooked in a sauce called jameed, which is a fermented dried yogurt. The dish is served on a platter in layers with a base of flatbread. Rice, jameed, lamb, almonds, and pine nuts are layered on top.These Japanese rice balls are called onigiri. Steamed rice is formed into shapes like balls, triangles, or cylinders. It's then wrapped in nori, dried seaweed. Onigiri can be eaten plain or stuffed with fillings like salmon or vegetables. It makes a perfect snack for on the go.What's your favorite dish? Will you be trying any of these in our video? Let us know in the comments below.

What 16 rice dishes look like from around the world

<img class="gwt-Image" src="/photo/33163043.cms" />NEW DELHI: As <keyword id="1575" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Congress">Congress</keyword> hunts for an antidote to the 'Modi effect', <keyword id="71" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Prime-Minister">Prime Minister</keyword> <keyword id="6359397" type="PERSON" weightage="40" keywordseo="Manmohan-Singh">Manmohan Singh</keyword>'s "absent" leadership is being seen as a key factor prompting voters to eye the Gujarat chief minister with favour. Five years after his policies were credited for powering Congress's return to office, party strategists feel <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="40" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> could be benefitting in comparison to Singh's "ineffective" leader image. 
 The PM's reluctance to check allies and ministers has made Modi come across as a decisive leader, said sources involved in framing campaign strategy for Congress <keyword id="11696" type="POSITION" weightage="40" keywordseo="Vice-President">vice president</keyword> <keyword id="5268" type="PERSON" weightage="40" keywordseo="Rahul-Gandhi">Rahul Gandhi</keyword>. 
 
Rahul's backroom feels Singh's image as a leader who is not decisive and who has been unable to prevent mega scams like telecom and coal allocations is a big stumbling block for the party's 2014 campaign. 
 
Though blaming Singh for Congress's weak campaign might seem unfair given the Gandhi family's say in government and party matters, the PM's 'retiring ways' — once seen as a mark of humility – are appearing a liability. 
 In 2009, the <keyword id="106651" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="40" keywordseo="Manmohan-Singh-government">Manmohan Singh government</keyword>'s rural employment guarantee scheme, farm debt waiver and a strong economic stimulus to counter the 2008 global slow down had helped counter negatives like the 26/11 attacks. 
 Then the prime ministerial contest between Singh and <keyword id="6356617" type="POSITION" weightage="40" keywordseo="bjp-leader">BJP leader</keyword> L K Advani was settled decisively in the incumbent's favour as the saffron stalwart was unable to dent the PM's appeal in the middle classes. 
 
<img class="gwt-Image" src="/photo/33163034.cms" /> 
 This time, the story is different, admit sources, who say UPA-II looks worn out and its leadership jaded. Ceaseless fire-fighting to contain the political fallout of scams, a slowing <keyword id="34412" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="40" keywordseo="economy">economy</keyword> and a PM under siege helped Modi's projection as a leader willing to grapple with problems and take swift decisions. 
 
Singh has vigorously rebutted the "weak PM" charge in the past, saying he did not equate strength with Modi's record of presiding over rioting and deaths, a sharp reference to the Gujarat 2002 riots. 
 
The PMO has also pushed initiatives like the cabinet committee on investment and a project monitoring group to counter the impression that a policy paralysis had made investors cool to India. 
 
The problem, feel sources, lies in the push coming too late to correct the impression that Singh was captaining a ship that was increasingly unresponsive to his commands as the government's authority took a beating. 
 
While Singh has had to overcome resistance in the Congress to accelerating reforms, the larger problem has been his reluctance to influence political management and a failure to discipline errant colleagues.

Team Rahul Believes 'Absent' PM Has Dented Congress Chances

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"><img src="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/image/54c133d86da8119e34cc6d56-1000-750/img_20130713_184752.jpg" border="0" alt="Copper Top BBQ"><a href="http://coppertopbbq.com/ful4yr2xhhy7fofs6cohk3pjs4xtyv">Copper Top BBQ</a>Copper Top is the best restaurant in America according to Yelp.</img></div></div></div>Yelp just released its second annual <a href="http://www.yelpblog.com/">Top 100 Places </a><a href="http://www.yelpblog.com/">to Eat in the U.S. for 2015</a>.
To determine the best restaurants, Yelp combed through millions of US restaurant reviews over the past 10 years, weighing recent reviews more heavily.
From top rated BBQ to a cafe located in a laundromat, here are the best restaurants in America: 
<ol>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/copper-top-bbq-big-pine" target="_blank">Copper Top BBQ</a> - Big Pine, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/art-of-flavors-las-vegas" target="_blank">Art of Flavors</a> - Las Vegas, NV</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/soho-japanese-restaurant-las-vegas" target="_blank">Soho Japanese Restaurant</a> - Las Vegas, NV</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/tkb-bakery-and-deli-indio-2" target="_blank">TKB Bakery and Deli</a> - Indio, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/ono-seafood-honolulu" target="_blank">Ono Seafood</a> - Kona, HI</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/shark-pit-maui-lahaina" target="_blank">Shark Pit Maui</a> - Lahaina, HI</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/gaucho-parrilla-argentina-pittsburgh" target="_blank">Gaucho Parilla Argentina</a> - Pittsburgh, PA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/bobboi-natural-gelato-la-jolla" target="_blank">Bobboi Natural Gelato</a> - La Jolla, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/golden-bear-trading-company-san-francisco-3" target="_blank">Golden Bear Trading Company</a> - San Francisco, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/little-miss-bbq-phoenix-2" target="_blank">Little Miss BBQ</a> - Phoenix, AZ</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/dat-cajun-guy-haleiwa" target="_blank">Dat Cajun Guy</a> - Haleiwa, HI</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/sweet-dogs-miami" target="_blank">Sweet Dogs</a> - Miami, FL</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/aviva-by-kameel-atlanta" target="_blank">Aviva by Kameel</a> - Atlanta, GA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/sweet-spice-savannah-2" target="_blank">Sweet Spice</a> - Savannah, GA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/royal-taj-columbia" target="_blank">Royal Taj</a> - Columbia, MD</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/aruns-indian-kichen-coral-springs" target="_blank">Arun's Indian Kichen</a> - Coral Spring, FL</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/halls-chophouse-charleston" target="_blank">Hall's Chophouse</a> - Charleston, SC</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/bronze-cafe-las-vegas-2" target="_blank">Bronze Cafe</a> - Las Vegas, NV</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/saffron-and-rose-ice-cream-los-angeles" target="_blank">Saffron and Rose Ice Cream</a> - Los Angeles, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/buddha-thai-bistro-vacaville" target="_blank">Buddha Thai Bistro</a> - Vacaville, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/yoshino-japanese-deli-carlsbad" target="_blank">Yoshino Japanese Deli</a> - Carlsbad, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/big-als-pizzeria-maywood" target="_blank">Big Al's PIzzeria</a> - Maywood, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/andytown-coffee-roasters-san-francisco" target="_blank">Andytown Coffee Roasters</a> - San Francisco, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/kech-cafe-fountain-valley" target="_blank">Kech Cafe</a> - Fountain Valley, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/joes-kansas-city-bar-b-que-kansas-city" target="_blank">Joe's Kansas City Bar-B-Que</a> - Kansas City, KS</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/los-andes-restaurant-providence" target="_blank">Los Andes Restaurant</a> - Providence, RI</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/lahaina-luna-cafe-lahaina" target="_blank">Lahaina Luna Cafe</a> - Lahaina, HI</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/bell-street-farm-los-alamos" target="_blank">Bell Street Farm</a> - Los Alamos, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/tacos-el-gordo-de-tijuana-bc-chula-vista" target="_blank">Tacos El Gordo de Tijuana BC</a> - Chula Vista, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/detroit-coney-grill-tempe" target="_blank">Detroit Coney Grill</a> - Tempe, AZ</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/sessions-west-coast-deli-newport-beach" target="_blank">Sessions West Coast Deli</a> - Newport Beach, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/baguette-cafe-las-vegas-2" target="_blank">Baguette Cafe</a> - Las Vegas, NV</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/carrara-pastries-moorpark" target="_blank">Carrara Pastries</a> - Moorpark, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/bogarts-smokehouse-saint-louis-4" target="_blank">Bogart's Smokehouse</a> - Saint Louis, MO</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/reading-terminal-market-philadelphia" target="_blank">Reading Terminal Market</a> - Philadelphia, PA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/piperi-mediterranean-grill-boston" target="_blank">Piperi Mediterranean Grill</a> - Boston, MA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/kitchen-table-cafe-denver" target="_blank">Kitchen Table Cafe</a> - Denver, CO</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/mood-cafe-philadelphia" target="_blank">Mood Cafe</a> - Philadelphia, PA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/santos-lucha-libre-phoenix" target="_blank">Santos Lucha Libre</a> - Phoenix, AZ</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/portos-bakery-burbank" target="_blank">Porto's Bakery</a> - Burbank, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/el-dorado-cantina-las-vegas" target="_blank">El Dorado Cantina</a> - Las Vegas, NV</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/jougert-bar-burlingame" target="_blank">Jougert Bar</a> - Burlingame, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/arayas-place-thai-vegan-restaurant-los-angeles" target="_blank">Araya's Place Thai Vegan Restaurant</a> - Los Angeles, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/joes-falafel-los-angeles" target="_blank">Joe's Falafel</a> - Los Angeles, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/persimmon-cafe-charleston" target="_blank">Persimmon Cafe</a> - Charleston, SC</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/beilers-bakery-philadelphia" target="_blank">Beiler's Bakery</a> - Philadelphia, PA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/starbread-sacramento" target="_blank">Starbread</a> - Sacramento, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/kersmon-caribbean-restaurant-greenacres" target="_blank">Kersmon Caribbean Restaurant</a> - Greenacres, FL</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/vitality-tap-san-diego" target="_blank">Vitality Tap</a> - San Diego, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/ono-seafood-honolulu" target="_blank">Ono Seafood</a> - Honolulu, HI</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/chama-gaucha-brazilian-steakhouse-downers-grove" target="_blank">CHama Gaucha brazilian Steakhouse</a> - Downers Grove, IL</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/da-poke-shack-kailua-kona" target="_blank">Da Poke Shack</a> - Kailua Kona, HI</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/poke-express-north-las-vegas" target="_blank">Poke Express</a> - Las Vegas, NV</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/marukame-udon-honolulu" target="_blank">Murakame Udon</a> - Honolulu, HI</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/bronzed-aussie-los-angeles" target="_blank">Bronzed Aussie</a> - Los Angeles, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/bite-into-maine-cape-elizabeth-3" target="_blank">Bite Into Maine</a> - Cape Elizabeth, ME</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/franklin-barbecue-austin" target="_blank">Franklin Barbecue</a> - Austin, TX</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/eddie-vs-prime-seafood-san-diego" target="_blank">Eddie V's Prime Seafood</a> - San Diego, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/hey-you-gonna-eat-or-what-austin" target="_blank">Hey You Gonna Eat or What?</a> - Austin, TX</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/mama-ds-italian-kitchen-newport-beach" target="_blank">Mama D's Italian Kitchen</a> - Newport Beach, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/outlaws-cafe-van-nuys" target="_blank">Outlaw's Cafe</a> - Van Nuys, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/subculture-extraordinary-sandwiches-huntington-beach" target="_blank">Subculture Extraordinary Sandwiches</a> - Huntington Beach, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/go-greek-yogurt-beverly-hills" target="_blank">Go Greek Yogurt</a> - Beverly Hills, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/ninja-sushi-and-teriyaki-roseville" target="_blank">Ninja Sushi and Teriyaki</a> - Roseville, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/los-agaves-santa-barbara" target="_blank">Los Agaves</a> - Santa Barbara, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/sal-kris-and-charlies-deli-astoria" target="_blank">Sal, Kris and Charlie's Deli</a> - Astoria, NY</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/genie-den-garden-grove" target="_blank">Genie Den</a> - Garden Grove, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/garbos-grill-key-west-2" target="_blank">Garbo's Grill</a> - Key West, FL</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/t-deli-san-diego" target="_blank">T Deli</a> - San Diego, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/roses-luxury-washington" target="_blank">Rose's Luxury</a> - Washington, DC</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/embargo-grill-san-diego" target="_blank">Embargo Grill</a> - San Diego, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/your-kitchen-honolulu-2" target="_blank">Your Kitchen</a> - Honolulu, HI</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/loueddies-pizza-skyforest" target="_blank">Loueddie's Pizza</a> - Skyforest, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/blues-city-deli-saint-louis" target="_blank">Blues City Deli</a> - Saint Louis, MO</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/dametra-cafe-carmel-2" target="_blank">Dametra Cafe</a> - Carmel, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/nicks-next-door-los-gatos" target="_blank">Nick's Next Door</a> - Los Gatos, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/don-julios-rincon-latin-grill-and-pupusas-rohnert-park" target="_blank">Don Julio's Rincon Latin Grill and Pupusas</a> - Ronnert Park, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/mr-mamas-las-vegas-2" target="_blank">Mr. Mama's</a> - Las Vegas, NV</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/los-tacos-no-1-new-york" target="_blank">Los tacos No. 1</a> - New York, NY</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/beyer-deli-san-diego" target="_blank">Beyer Deli</a> - San Diego, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/mojo-donuts-pembroke-pines" target="_blank">Mojo Donuts</a> - Pembroke Pines, FL</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/peters-kettle-corn-oakland" target="_blank">Peter's Kettle Corn</a> - Oakland, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/the-pocket-burger-shack-sunset-beach" target="_blank">The Pocket Burger Shack</a> - Sunset Beach, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/mouthful-eatery-thousand-oaks" target="_blank">Mouthful Eatery</a> - Thousand Oaks, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/playground-2-0-santa-ana-2" target="_blank">Playground 2.0</a> - Santa Ana, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/portos-bakery-glendale" target="_blank">Porto's Bakery</a> - Glendale, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/monells-dining-and-catering-nashville" target="_blank">Monell's Dining and Catering</a> - Nashville, TN</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/zenwich-elmhurst" target="_blank">Zenwich</a> - Elmhurst, IL</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/commonwealth-restaurant-burbank" target="_blank">Commonwealth Restaurant</a> - Burbank, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/istanbul-grill-california-fountain-valley-2" target="_blank">Istanbul Grill California</a> - Fountain Valley, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/mister-falafel-san-diego" target="_blank">Mister Falafel</a> - San Diego, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/vietnam-poblano-houston" target="_blank">Vietnam Poblano</a> - Houston, TX</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/taniokas-seafoods-and-catering-waipahu" target="_blank">Tanioka's Seafoods and Catering</a> - Waipahu, HI</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/yaks-on-the-5-dunsmuir" target="_blank">Yaks On The 5</a> - Dunsmuir, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/titas-taco-house-humble" target="_blank">Tita's Taco House</a> - Humble, TX</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/pomo-pizzeria-napoletana-phoenix-phoenix" target="_blank">Pomo Pizzeria Napoletana</a> - Phoenix, AZ</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/elis-bbq-cincinnati-2" target="_blank">Eli's BBQ</a> - Cincinnati, OH</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/johnny-pacific-winnetka" target="_blank">Johnny Pacific</a> - Winnetka, CA</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/the-cinnamon-snail-new-york-2" target="_blank">The Cinnamon Snail</a> - New York, NY</li>
<li><a href="http://yelp.com/biz/cafe-la-maude-philadelphia" target="_blank">Cafe la Maude</a> - Philadelphia, PA</li>
</ol>

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