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New Delhi [India], June 23 (ANI): The <keyword id="19915130" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Indian Space Research Organisation" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Indian Space Research Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="19915124" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="ISRO" source="keywords">ISRO</keyword>) on Sunday achieved another success in the <keyword id="21046346" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Reusable-Launch-Vehicle" source="keywords">Reusable Launch Vehicle</keyword> (RLV) landing experiment (LEX). The third and final test in the series of LEX (03) was conducted at 07:10 IST at the <keyword id="22149303" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Aeronautical-Test-Range" source="keywords">Aeronautical Test Range</keyword> (ATR) in Chitradurga, Karnataka. Following the success of the RLV LEX-01 and LEX-02 missions, <keyword id="22149668" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="RLV-LEX-03" source="keywords">RLV LEX-03</keyword> re-demonstrated the <keyword id="21054893" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="autonomous-landing" source="keywords">autonomous landing</keyword> capability of the RLV under more challenging release conditions (cross range of 500 m against 150 m for LEX-02) and more severe wind conditions. The winged vehicle, named '<keyword id="21046350" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Pushpak" source="keywords">Pushpak</keyword>', was released from an <keyword id="19992067" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Air-Force" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="Indian Air Force" meta.hostid="153" meta.entityid="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</keyword> Chinook Helicopter at an altitude of 4.5 km. From a release point 4.5 km away from the runway, Pushpak autonomously executed cross-range correction manoeuvres, approached the runway, and performed a precise horizontal landing at the runway centerline. Due to this vehicle's low lift-to-drag ratio aerodynamic configuration, the landing velocity exceeded 320 kmph, compared to 260 kmph for a commercial aircraft and 280 kmph for a typical fighter aircraft. After touchdown, the vehicle's velocity was reduced to nearly 100 kmph using its brake parachute, after which the landing gear brakes were employed for deceleration and stop on the runway. During this ground roll phase, Pushpak utilises its rudder and nose wheel steering system to autonomously maintain a stable and precise ground roll along the runway. This mission simulated the approach and landing interface and high-speed landing conditions for a vehicle returning from space, reaffirming ISRO's expertise in acquiring the most critical technologies required for the development of a RLV. Through this mission, the advanced guidance algorithm catering to longitudinal and lateral plane error corrections, which is essential for the future Orbital Re-entry Mission, has been validated. Notably, the RLV-LEX uses multisensor fusion, including sensors like an Inertial sensor, Radar altimeter, Flush air data system, Pseudolite system and NavIC. Notably, the RLV-LEX-03 mission reused the winged body and flight systems as such without any modification, from the LEX-02 mission, demonstrating the robustness of ISRO's capability of design and reuse flight systems for multiple missions. The mission, led by VSSC, was a collaborative effort involving multiple ISRO centres (SAC, ISTRAC, SDSC-SHAR), with significant support from the Indian Air Force (IAF), Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE), Regional Centre for Military Airworthiness (RCMA) under the Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC), National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Indian aerospace industrial partners, Indian Oil Corporation of India, and Airport Authority of India. S Somanath, Chairman, ISRO/Secretary, Department of Space, congratulated the team for their efforts in maintaining the success streak on such complex missions. Dr S Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of VSSC, emphasised that this consistent success boosts ISRO's confidence in the critical technologies essential for future orbital re-entry missions.

'Pushpak' aces test: ISRO achieves yet another success in Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) landing experiment

The Indian Space Research Organisation on Sunday successfully conducted the Reusable Launch Vehicle Autonomous Landing Mission (<keyword id="1394294" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="rlv" source="Orion">RLV</keyword> <keyword id="346789" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="lex" source="Orion">LEX</keyword>). The test was conducted at the Aeronautical Test Range (ATR), Chitradurga, Karnataka, the national agency headquartered here said. "With that, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> successfully achieved the autonomous landing of a space vehicle", it said in a statement. "With LEX, the dream of an Indian Reusable Launch Vehicle arrives one step closer to reality", ISRO said. In a first in the world, a winged body has been carried to an altitude of 4.5 km by a helicopter and released for carrying out an autonomous landing on a runway. RLV is essentially a space plane with a low lift to drag ratio requiring an approach at high glide angles that necessitated a landing at high velocities of 350 kmph. The RLV took off at 7:10 am IST by a Chinook Helicopter of the Indian Air Force (IAF) as an underslung load and flew to a height of 4.5 km (above Mean Sea Level). Once the predetermined pillbox parameters were attained, based on the RLV's Mission Management Computer command, the RLV was released in mid-air, at a down range of 4.6 km. Release conditions included 10 parameters covering position, velocity, altitude and body rates, etc. The release of RLV was autonomous. RLV then performed approach and landing maneuvers using the Integrated Navigation, Guidance &amp; control system and completed an autonomous landing on the ATR air strip at 7:40 AM IST. The autonomous landing was carried out under the exact conditions of a Space Re-entry vehicle's landing - high speed, unmanned, precise landing from the same return path - as if the vehicle arrives from space. Landing parameters such as Ground relative velocity, the sink rate of Landing Gears, and precise body rates, as might be experienced by an orbital re-entry space vehicle in its return path, were achieved. The RLV LEX demanded several state-of-the-art technologies including accurate Navigation hardware and software, Pseudolite system, Ka-band Radar Altimeter, NavIC receiver, indigenous <keyword id="1653256" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="landing-gear" source="Orion">Landing Gear</keyword>, Aerofoil honey-comb fins and brake parachute system. LEX utilised several indigenous systems. Localized Navigation systems based on pseudolite systems, instrumentation, and sensor systems, etc. were developed by ISRO. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of the landing site with a Ka-band Radar Altimeter provided accurate altitude information. Extensive wind tunnel tests and CFD simulations enabled aerodynamic characterisation of RLV prior to the flight. "Adaptation of contemporary technologies developed for RLV LEX turns other operational launch vehicles of ISRO more cost-effective", the statement said. ISRO had demonstrated the re-entry of its winged vehicle RLV-TD in the HEX mission in May 2016. The re-entry of a hypersonic sub-orbital vehicle marked a major accomplishment in developing <keyword id="17012252" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="reusable-launch-vehicles" source="Orion">Reusable Launch Vehicles</keyword>. In HEX, the vehicle landed on a hypothetical runway over the Bay of Bengal. Precise landing on a runway was an aspect not included in the HEX mission. The LEX mission achieved the final approach phase that coincided with the re-entry return flight path exhibiting an autonomous, high speed (350 kmph) landing. The LEX began with an Integrated Navigation test in 2019 and followed multiple Engineering Model Trials and Captive Phase tests in subsequent years. Along with ISRO, IAF, Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC), Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE), and Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE) contributed to this test. The IAF team hand in hand with the Project team and multiple sorties were conducted to perfect the achievement of release conditions. Secretary in the Department of Space and ISRO Chairman S Somanath was among who witnessed the test.

India successfully achieves autonomous landing of Space vehicle

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>India joined the US and Russia May 23 as one of the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/as-us-halts-space-shuttle-others-continue-with-launches-and-exploration/2011/06/27/gHQAmKe2yH_story.html">only</a> <a href="http://www.airspacemag.com/daily-planet/why-china-doesnt-have-a-space-shuttle-774867/?no-ist">nations</a>&#xa0;to launch a space shuttle.The <a href="http://www.isro.gov.in/technology-development-programmes/reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstration-program-rlv-td">RLV-TD</a>, short for India's Reusable Launch Vehicle-Technology Demonstrator, <a href="http://www.isro.gov.in/update/23-may-2016/india%E2%80%99s-reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstrator-rlv-td-successfully">blasted off at 7 a.m.</a> local time on Sriharikota island, and landed about 13 minutes later.Although&#xa0;it didn't carry a crew (and never will), it was a crucial test for India's first reusable rocket that can deploy payloads.Prime Minister <a href="https://twitter.com/narendramodi?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor">Narendra Modi</a> praised the team on Twitter:<div></div>See the incredible photos India's Space Research Organization provided of the event:

India just launched a mini space shuttle on top of a rocket and the photos are amazing

<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) is looking to top <keyword id="6355315" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="elon-musk">Elon Musk</keyword>'s <keyword id="6360701" type="DEFINITION" weightage="20" keywordseo="spacex">SpaceX</keyword> success by applying reusable launch technology (RLT) to their <keyword id="1557817" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="rocket-launches">rocket launches</keyword>. </li><li>Unlike SpaceX, who only used RLT in the first stage of a rocket launch, ISRO's wants to apply it to the second stage as well. </li><li>The application of RLT to the second stage of a rocket launch is something that no other space agency in the world has been able to achieve so far.</li></ul>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is following in Elon Musk’s footsteps by trying to replicate the success SpaceX had with its reusable launch technology (RLT). It’s even looking to take it a lot further. SpaceX was only able to apply RLT to the first stage of a rocket launch, but ISRO wants to conduct an advanced version that will also carry into the second stage. The test is scheduled to take place between the months of June and July, later this year. <keyword id="2003919" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="K-Sivan">K Sivan</keyword>, the Chairman at ISRO, told the <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-developing-technology-to-reuse-first-second-stages-of-rocket/articleshow/67532655.cms">Times of India</a>, “The second stage recovery has never been tried by any other space agency in the world, not even SpaceX.” ISRO’s success with this mission could make it a bigger part of the global market that’s set to grow to $7 billion by 2024. Building on ISRO’s commercial success Reusable launch technology (RLT) basically allows the company to re-use its first stage rocket for multiple launches. Not only does it save the company money, but also time that would be spent building a rocket from scratch. ISRO has already had some <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/update/23-may-2016/india%E2%80%99s-reusable-launch-vehicle-technology-demonstrator-rlv-td-successfully">success</a> with it back in 2016 when it launched the HS9 solid rocket booster from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. The Reusable Launch Vehicle - Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) on board the HS9 survived re-entry and neatly landed in the designated area over the Bay of Bengal. Currently, SpaceX dominates the global market for rocket launches. Starting out in 2009, it was able to capture more than 50% of the market share by 2018 — largely due to their use of reusable technology. On the other hand, Antrix Corporation Limited, the commercial and marketing arm of ISRO, only caters to 0.6% of the global market. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-nasa-just-spotted-a-black-hole-spinning-so-fast-that-it-could-be-making-space-itself-rotate/articleshow/66416605.cms">ISRO, NASA just spotted a black hole spinning so fast that it could be making space itself rotate</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-pads-up-to-make-indias-manned-mission-into-space-a-reality/articleshow/64887057.cms">ISRO pads up to make India's manned mission into space a reality</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-creates-a-space-for-the-private-industry-to-collaborate-for-27-satellites/articleshow/65073240.cms">ISRO creates a space for the private industry, to collaborate for 27 satellites</a>

India’s apex space agency is following Elon Musk's idea — and taking it a step forward

<ul><li>The <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) is developing its own environment-friendly propellant.</li><li><keyword id="179571" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="green-fuel">Green fuel</keyword> could potentially replace hydrazine, which is ordinarily used and highly toxic. </li><li>They are also developing smart propellants for reusable launches.</li></ul>The Indian space agency, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation), has been <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/isro-making-green-propellant/article23874464.ece">developing</a> an environment-friendly propellant to power Indian satellites and spacecrafts. This ‘green fuel’ is meant to replace the usual hydrazine fuel mixture, which is known to be toxic and the carcinogenic chemicals. Scientists from ISRO’s <keyword id="5961838" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="liquid-propulsion-systems-center">Liquid Propulsion Systems Center</keyword> (<keyword id="2031512" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="LPSC">LPSC</keyword>) have been experimenting with a new propellant blend that’s based on hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN). Their initial tests have reportedly yielded promising results. LPSC team members tested for various characteristics, like thermal and catalytic decomposition, and the compatibility of HAN with different materials. This led them to discover the HAN-based monopropellant, which is a propulsion fuel that doesn’t need a separate oxidizer. The reason hydrazine is usually preferred for fuel is because of its high performance. It’s akin to energy dependence on coal, where harmful energy is useful despite its hazardous effect on the environment and health. Also, there are challenges that come with having to manufacture, store, transport and actually use hydrazine. The concoction includes HAN, ammonium nitrate (AN), methanol and water. The methanol helps reduce combustion instability, while AN has the capacity to regulate the burn rate and further reduce the freezing point of the propellant. On other fronts, the LPSC is currently <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/science/isro-set-to-develop-smart-propellants-for-reusable-launches/articleshow/64128723.cms">working</a> on the 800 Newton liquid main engine propellant for the country’s Chandrayaan-2 Moon mission that is set to launch later this year, in October. ISRO has also, slowly and steadily, been working on its <a href="https://www.geospatialworld.net/blogs/isros-resuable-rocket-in-pipeline-but-may-take-some-time/">reusable launcher</a>. The Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD) has already demonstrated its capabilities once in 2016, and there’s a second test scheduled for 2019.

India’s top space agency is developing ‘green fuel’ for future launches

The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=isro&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Indian Space Research Organisation</a> gave the country another proud moment after it successfully tested indigenous <keyword id="3374905" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="mini-space-shuttle">mini space shuttle</keyword>, the Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), and demonstrated its space prowess. 
 This is the fourth successful mission of 2016 so far, where <keyword id="6358064" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="ISRO">ISRO</keyword> conducted various launches, building India’s might in <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=space&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">space</a>. 
 
The space organisation is moving swiftly towards its aim and is harnessing space technology in innumerable ways to help in nation building. 
 
READ ALSO: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/ISRO-successfully-tests-made-in-India-mini-space-shuttle/articleshow/52396158.cms">ISRO successfully tests ‘made in India’ mini space shuttle</a> 
 
The <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=mangalyaan&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Mars Orbiter Mission</a>, fondly known as MOM and <keyword id="1506013" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="mangalyaan">Mangalyaan</keyword>, which successfully entered the Martian orbit on September 2014 in its maiden attempt, was applauded worldwide as India had become the first nation to successfully complete its maiden Mars mission and also the fourth country to successfully venture into Mars. 
 
In the future, ISRO wants to test the Unified Launch Vehicle, follow up with Chandrayaan-2, Venus exploration, solar exploration, et al. 
 
Many such achievements added feathers on ISRO’s cap and in the last two years, the space organisation has strengthened the satellite system and made a mark in space. 
 
Here is a list of ISRO’s major achievements over the last two years. 
 
(Images: ISRO, Indiatimes)

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'Pushpak' aces test: ISRO achieves yet another success in Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) landing experiment

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India successfully achieves autonomous landing of Space vehicle

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India just launched a mini space shuttle on top of a rocket and the photos are amazing

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India’s top space agency is developing ‘green fuel’ for future launches

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Here is a list of ISRO’s biggest launches over the last 2 years that showcase India’s space prowess

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