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<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is launching its RISAT-2BR1 satellite tomorrow. </li><li>The satellite will be equipped with a X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). </li><li>The radar’s primary applications are “defence intelligence” and “homeland defence”. </li></ul>India will soon be able to protect its border better after its new ‘<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-plans-to-launch-its-latest-spy-satellite-on-december-11/articleshow/72433071.cms">spy satellite</a>’ — the RISAT-2BR1 — will be placed in orbit tomorrow. The all-weather radar imaging satellite is capable of taking sharp images from outer space even when it’s cloudy on Earth. The Indian Space Research Organisation (<a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c48-risat-2br1/launch-kit-glance">ISRO</a>) claims that the satellite’s primary applications are agriculture, forestry and disaster management support. To be fair, that was the original intent of the RISAT series. But, after the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, the RISAT 2 launch was fast-tracked over the RISAT 1 satellite for only <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-to-launch-spy-satellite-on-April-20/articleshow/4374544.cms?referral=PM">one reason</a> — its X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). According to the manufacturer of the radar, Israel Aerospace Industries (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=8&amp;v=rHMfViorO1c&amp;feature=emb_logo">IAI</a>), the sensor’s main application is “defence intelligence” and “homeland defence”. The <a href="https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/risat-2b.htm">same radar</a> will be used by RISAT-2BR1, except this time, India’s built it at home. Keeping an eye on national borders The X-Band SAR’s capabilities of the RISAT-2BR1 can click images regardless of the weather — or the time of the day — cutting through clouds and darkness. Once it’s successfully placed in orbit, the satellite can send back high-resolution images focused on a specific area, or covering hundreds of kilometres. Combining electronic scans with mechanical manoeuvring, the satellite can be used to provide wide-area coverage without losing details. It has been designed to monitor India’s borders and flag any infiltration or terrorist operations for the next five years. ISRO plans to launch the satellite from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota tomorrow. The RISAT-2BR1 will be launched along with nine international satellites marking the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle’s (PSLV) 50th launch. The satellite weighs a little more than 600 kilograms and will be placed into orbit at a distance of 576 kilometers. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-has-its-hands-full-with-13-launches-and-the-launch-of-its-new-rocket-before-march/articleshow/72253562.cms">ISRO has its 'hands full' with 13 launches and the test of its new rocket before March</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-launches-cartosat-3-and-13-us-satellites-in-27-minutes/articleshow/72251725.cms">ISRO launches Cartosat-3 and 13 US satellites within 27 minutes</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-space-station-plan-by-isro-plans-k-sivan/articleshow/69775780.cms">India wants to set up its own space station to carry out experiments in microgravity</a>

ISRO's all-weather ‘spy satellite’ will help India watch its borders closely

<ul><li>India’s largest surveillance satellite so far, the Radar Satellite (<keyword id="997923" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="RISAT">RISAT</keyword>) 2BR1, is set to launch on May 22. </li><li>It is the third in India’s RISAT series of launches. </li><li>This will mean increased vigilance along India’s China and Pakistan borders. </li></ul>India is upgrading its spy satellite system by launching <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-to-get-another-eye-in-the-sky-on-may-22/articleshow/69192628.cms">another</a> ‘eye in the sky’ on May 22. The South Asian country’s new addition will be able to pierce through clouds, and capture ‘the real picture’ of its borders, amidst intensifying geopolitical tensions. The Radar Satellite (RISAT) 2BR1 is the latest addition to the RISAT series of India’s defensive satellites. This is an upgrade over its predecessors and adds to India’s surveillance capabilities. On one side, India will be able to monitor the Indian Ocean for Chinese naval ships more efficiently and, on the other, keep an eye on the Arabian Sea for Pakistani warships. Even Pakistan-occupied Kashmir and the Line of Control (LoC) that runs between Pakistan and India will be under surveillance — day and night. RISAT 2BR1 is first of the five planned military satellites that Indian <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="space">Space</keyword> Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) has planned for 2019. This is an impressive record for ISRO, which launches one or two military satellites a year. Piercing the Clouds RISAT 1 and RISAT 2 are strong surveillance satellites in their own right. But RISAT 2BR1’s X Band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can pierce through the clouds, and has a resolution of up to one meter. Increased resolution means, it can decipher between different objects on the ground provided they’re at least a meter apart. RISAT 2, launched in 2009, was India’s first reconnaissance satellite, also known as spy or intelligence satellites. The original X Band SAR on board was a military grade sensor radar from Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI). It was actually launched before RISAT 1, <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/Spacecraft/risat-1">officially</a> an agricultural satellite, in lieu of the 2009 Mumbai terror attacks which called for increased vigilance along the borders. Striking resolution Images from RISAT 2 are known to have played a role in <a href="https://m.economictimes.com/news/science/indias-eyes-in-the-skies-gave-images-for-surgical-strikes/articleshow/54598628.cms">conducting</a> the surgical strikes along India’s LoC in 2016, as well as the 2019 Balakot <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/air-strikes-hit-balakot-in-pakistan-initial-assessment-100-hit-sources/article26373318.ece">airstrike</a>. The indigenously manufactured X Band SAR on RISAT 2BR1 uses the motion of the radar’s antenna to scan over the area where the target is assigned. So, rather than use conventional beam scanning to capture an image, X Band SAR uses radar pulse calculations to create a spatial resolution. Larger the aperture, or longer that radar pulses take to return, the higher the image resolution. The RISAT 2BR1 will launch from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh abroad one of the variants of the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV).

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ISRO's all-weather ‘spy satellite’ will help India watch its borders closely

Prabhjote Gill

India’s largest ever ‘eye in the sky’ will take on its neighbours

Prabhjote Gill

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