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Delhi continued to battle with air pollution for the 10th consecutive day post-Diwali as a dense layer of smog blanketed parts of the national capital on Sunday. Several parts of the national capital recorded very poor air quality levels on Sunday morning as per the data issued by the System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And Research (SAFAR-India). Today morning, Anand Vihar recorded an AQI of 351, Bawana 383, CRRI Mathura Road 323, Dwarka Sector 8 at 341, IGI Airport at 326, ITO 328, Lodhi Road 319, Mundka at 358, Najafgarh at 341, New Moti Bagh at 394, Okhla phase-2 at 339, RK Puram at 368, and Wazirpur at 366, as per SAFAR-India data. As of 5 pm on November 10, Delhi's AQI stood at 334, with Anand Vihar at 353, Dilshad Garden at 262, and Jahangirpuri at 377. For tomorrow, AQI in adjoining cities of Noida and Gurugram is forecasted to be at 208.92 and 77.51, respectively. Multiple visuals from Delhi's Kartavya Path showed the area surrounding India Gate engulfed by a layer of smog. The AQI in the area was recorded at 357 as of 7 am. High-rise buildings were also covered in smog in the Kalindi Kunj and surrounding locality, as the AQI was recorded as 323 in the area. An AQI is considered "poor" between '200 and 300', "very poor" at '301 and 400', "severe" at '401-450," and 450 and above is "severe plus." As the air pollution levels in the national capital reach "very poor," doctors say that even people with no history of respiratory diseases are suffering from breathing issues. Dr. Nikhil Modi, Senior Consultant for Respiratory Critical Care at Apollo Hospital, told ANI that apart from the regular patients, those who haven't had any respiratory issues in the past are showing up with symptoms such as runny noses, sneezing, coughing, and having increasing difficulties breathing. As it is, respiratory illnesses in the national capital are estimated to have shot up by around 15-20%. The Apollo doctor further suggested that the government close the schools for children as they remain vulnerable. Whenever the pollution levels have gone beyond a certain limit, the government has opted to close the schools, Dr. Modi said. "For the last few years, we have been seeing that the government has taken action. Whenever this pollution level has gone beyond a certain limit, they have opted to close the schools. This is important because children are from a vulnerable group. As adults, we are masked and can protect ourselves better, but children usually are not that effectively taking these measures. Secondly, their lungs are still in developing stages, so they are bound to have more harm due to this pollution," the doctor told ANI. Siddharth Singhal, Head of Health Insurance, Policybazaar.com, notes that while most standard health plans in India cover pollution-related ailments, it is always advised to also go for an OPD plan along with a health insurance plan to cover consultations, medications, and diagnostic tests that may be required frequently due to pollution. "Pollution levels in Delhi-NCR and some other parts of India have shot up post Diwali. Effects of this are very evident in the form of sore throats and breathing problems, among others. This can also result in respiratory ailments and chronic conditions like asthma, bronchitis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), pneumonia, and severe cases of respiratory or bronchial obstruction. Health insurance becomes critical to cover such expenses. Most policies typically cover emergency hospitalization for respiratory issues like asthma or COPD exacerbations requiring ICU or critical care," he adds.

Layer of smog covers Delhi as air quality remains 'very poor'. Here's why you need an insurance cover for this

<ul class="summary-list"><li>North Korea fighting alongside Russia would be a serious escalation to the Ukraine war.</li><li>NATO and Western allies are facing pressure to respond — but have historically been hesitant.</li></ul>Western allies have options to react to the threat of North Korean troops in Russia, but are hamstrung by fears of escalation, military experts told Business Insider. On Monday, the Pentagon<a target="_blank" href="https://www.defense.gov/News/Transcripts/Transcript/article/3948100/pentagon-deputy-press-secretary-sabrina-singh-holds-an-off-camera-on-the-record/"> said</a> that 10,000 North Korean troops had been shipped to Russia for training and were likely to join Russian forces"over the next several weeks." NATO chief Mark Rutte said that some troops are already in Kursk, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_230105.htm">calling</a> the move "a significant escalation." He added that it is "yet another" contravention of UN Security Council resolutions. He said the bloc is "actively consulting" on what to do next. Despite these statements — and a similar chorus of condemnation from Western governments — few commitments have been made. On Wednesday, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy expressed frustration, saying that his allies' response was "not so loud as it has to be" in reaction to the North Korean threat,<a target="_blank" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/volodymyr-zelenskyy-war-in-ukraine-russia-north-korean-troops-western-allies-response/"> Politico reported</a>. "Till now, we heard some reactions, but it is not strong enough," he added. <h2>A watershed moment?</h2>In itself, 10,000 more troops in Russia's war in Ukraine is not a game changer, Patrick Bury, a military analyst at the UK's University of Bath, told BI. The troops, many with no experience in real war situations, could also be of limited help. There is reason, however, to imagine the numbers could rise. North Korea has steadily ramped up its cooperation with Russia, reportedly supplying<a target="_blank" href="https://www.thetimes.com/world/russia-ukraine-war/article/north-korea-supplies-half-of-the-shells-used-by-russia-in-ukraine-d3fkhppjs"> half of all artillery shells</a> used in Ukraine in the last year. North Korean leader Kim Jong Un has the fourth-largest standing army in the world, so there is no shortage of troops. Crucially, experts consider his regime to be receiving<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/north-korea-military-officials-helping-russia-ukraine-win-for-kim-2024-10"> an economic and technological lifeline</a> in exchange. Edward Hunter Christie, a former NATO official and a research fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs, described the dangers of the partnership as "a much more serious test of resolve for the West than most people currently realize." He added: "There's a reluctance to act." This at least means there will be no rash decisions, he said. Christie, along with other experts BI spoke to, described a hesitancy and fear of escalation among Ukraine's biggest Western partners that amounts to alack of overall strategy. <h2>The West has some options — and a history of slapping them down</h2>When it comes to options for the US and Europe, "the tools are the same tools that have been there all along," Richard Fontaine, CEO of the Center for a New American Security,<a target="_blank" href="https://www.bloomberg.com./news/articles/2024-10-28/ukraine-allies-face-limited-options-as-north-korea-troops-arrive?embedded-checkout=true"> told Bloomberg.</a> That includes the ad-hoc trickling through of aid packages like one<a target="_blank" href="https://kyivindependent.com/norways-pm-announces-new-500-million-euro-aid-package-for-ukraine/"> recently announced by Norway</a>. It also includes things that have long been ruled out, like allowing Ukraine to make long-range strikes in Russia with Western-supplied missiles. A bipartisan group in Congress has called on Biden to allow Poland to intercept Russian missiles in Ukrainian airspace, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/house/4960374-biden-poland-air-defense-ukraine/">The Hill reported</a>. It's a move that NATO's former chief Jens Stoltenberg had earlier ruled out, saying it would risk the alliance "becoming part of the conflict," the outlet reported. South Korea, too, has said it is considering sending military aid directly to Ukraine. It's an unprecedented move that could prove highly beneficial, but which the state is hesitant to make,<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/south-korea-ukraine-weapons-big-difference-russia-north-korea-2024-10"> experts told BI</a>. Lithuania's foreign minister, Gabrielius Landsbergis, has also revived a suggestion made in February by France's President Emmanuel Macron of not ruling out the deployment of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/french-president-wont-rule-out-sending-troops-ukraine-2024-2">NATO troops in Ukraine</a>, in support roles. "We are still on the back foot, reacting to escalation instead of reversing it,"<a target="_blank" href="https://x.com/GLandsbergis/status/1848006509013225679"> Landsbergis wrote on X</a>. "Macron's ideas should now be revisited." That idea was earlier<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/everyone-angry-germany-series-screw-ups-leaks-scholz-macron-ukraine-2024-3"> publicly slapped down</a> by Germany's Chancellor, Olaf Scholz. Such a move "would free up a lot of resources for Ukraine," said Ann Marie Dailey, a geopolitical strategist at RAND. It would also send an important signal to Russia, she said: "That they don't have dominance on the escalation ladder." <h2>The escalation trap</h2>President Joe Biden's administration — along with much of Western Europe — has largely avoided actions that could be seen as escalating the conflict. The fact that now a serious escalation looks possible thanks to North Korea is an indication of the failure of that policy, Christie told BI. The US presidential election and the impending change of administration also puts a chilling effect on any dramatic changes in policy for the coming months, he said. "We live in an age of US-led hesitancy within the Western world, which just keeps on failing us, which just keeps on increasing the level of danger to the security of the collective West," he said. The bind for the Biden administration is not only in dealing with two nuclear states, but also that North Korea's belligerence could cause the conflict to spill over toward its southern neighbor and<a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-muted-response-russia-north-korea-alliance-costly-ukraine-economy-2024-10">damage relations with China.</a> Western states are likely to have been quietly hoping that China might step in diplomatically and dissuade North Korea, Christie said. At some point, the West has to react decisively, he argued. Dailey told BI: "The problem with having a strategy of de-escalation is that if that is your stated strategy, you've already ceded every step on the escalation ladder to the enemy." In Bury's view, the West's problem is that it cannot even agree on its broader strategy, let alone decide how to implement it. "The broader point here is: the West, we're not doing the strategy," he said. "We're muddling through."

What can the West do about North Korea giving troops to Russia? Not much it hasn't already flinched from.

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Sam Altman appears to have responded to concerns that new AI models are hitting a performance wall.</li><li>The OpenAI CEO posted to X on Thursday that "there is no wall."</li></ul>Sam Altman has said, "There is no wall," in an apparent reference to concerns that OpenAI and other companies are facing a slowdown in advancing their AI models.His comment — posted to X Thursday — <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://affiliate.insider.com?h=3c90ade9bd610bd7057d62db139f712a86bd67755e646024f59ff3ed8f6ba40f&amp;postID=6736185ec711dce4fc7d6e05&amp;postSlug=sam-altman-ai-wall-slowdown-openai-2024-11&amp;site=bi&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theinformation.com%2Farticles%2Fopenai-shifts-strategy-as-rate-of-gpt-ai-improvements-slows%3Frc%3Drlufcw">follows a report in The Information</a> that OpenAI's next model has shown only a moderate improvement over ChatGPT-4 and a smaller leap compared to previous versions.It has <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-orion-model-scaling-law-silicon-valley-chatgpt-2024-11">sparked concerns</a> in the tech world that the techniques that have historically made AI models smarter — more training data and greater computing power — are resulting in diminishing returns.Altman, who has a history of short, cryptic messages on X, has previously indicated that these so-called scaling laws are preordained. He posted to the site in February that they are "decided by god" and that the "constants are determined by members of the technical staff."Ilya Sutskever, a cofounder of OpenAI and Safe Superintelligence, told Reuters on Monday that results from scaling up pretraining had plateaued. However, others, such as Microsoft's chief technology officer, Kevin Scott, have previously dismissed these concerns. He told Sequoia Capital's "Training Data" podcast in July that "we're not at diminishing marginal returns on scale-up."AI labs are also exploring ways to overcome any slowdowns, such as using synthetic data and refining models after they have been trained, using a technique called inference.The huge sums of money invested in frontier AI companies have created pressure to produce increasingly more powerful models.Last month, OpenAI <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tiger-global-openai-latest-funding-round-2024-10">raised $6.6 billion</a> from investors in a record funding round.OpenAI did not immediately respond to a request for comment from Business Insider.

Sam Altman says 'there is no wall' in an apparent response to fears of an AI slowdown

A week or two of cold and cough can make you conjure up some pretty odd conspiracy theories. The freshest one that I cooked up this week is that 'Big Tissue' wishes to keep everyone sick, and therefore they collaborate with 'The Scientists' to keep them from making a cure. After all, the world witnessed researchers demonstrate incredible and hasty success in combating <keyword id="19897423" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="COVID-19" source="keywords">COVID-19</keyword>, and yet, the <keyword id="20237676" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="common-cold" source="keywords">common cold</keyword> remains an seemingly elusive target. But far from being an actual conspiracy, there are several real reasons why we haven’t yet cracked the code to curing the cold, despite decades of research. So grab your tissues, folks, and let's get into them. <h2><keyword id="23387393" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="viral-diversity" source="keywords">Viral diversity</keyword></h2>One major hurdle in curing the common cold is the sheer diversity of viruses involved. Over 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, with <keyword id="23387392" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="rhinoviruses" source="keywords">rhinoviruses</keyword> responsible for up to 75% of cases. Rhinoviruses alone consist of more than 160 known strains. This viral diversity makes it extremely difficult to develop a universal vaccine or treatment. Unlike SARS-CoV-2, which has one main spike protein target, cold viruses come in a dizzying array of structures and behaviours, requiring a vast array of medical solutions. In contrast, when COVID-19 emerged, researchers focused primarily on one virus and one major target — its spike protein. That focus allowed for the rapid development of <keyword id="19953288" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="vaccines" source="keywords">vaccines</keyword> using mRNA technology, like those from Pfizer and Moderna. For the common cold, a similar solution isn’t feasible due to the multiple viral families involved. <h2><keyword id="20862236" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mutations" source="keywords">Mutations</keyword> and adaptations</h2>Another issue is how quickly cold viruses mutate. Rhinoviruses, for example, are known for their high mutation rates. This rapid evolution allows them to evade the immune system, which is why even if you’ve had a cold before, you're not immune to future infections from different strains. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="113757960" title="Healthcare in India faces massive strain as costs rise by 14% annually; most expenses paid out-of-pocket" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>This rapid mutation is akin to how COVID-19 has evolved into variants, but with cold viruses, it happens on an even greater scale. Scientists fear that if they developed a vaccine, new strains would quickly render it ineffective, much like how seasonal flu vaccines must be reformulated annually. <h2>Mildness of the illness</h2>Ironically, one reason the common cold hasn’t been cured is because it’s too mild to warrant massive investment. Most people recover from a cold without medical intervention. While cold symptoms are annoying — runny nose, sore throat, cough — they rarely escalate into serious illness. As a result, pharmaceutical companies and governments have little financial incentive to pour billions into research for a disease that poses no significant threat to public health. COVID-19, on the other hand, caused severe illness and death on a global scale, spurring massive investment from both the public and private sectors. Governments and companies alike invested heavily in research and fast-tracked vaccines, which led to solutions much quicker than we’ve seen for colds. <h2>Complex, complex immune system</h2>The immune system’s response to cold viruses is also a significant factor. Studies have shown that repeated exposure to cold viruses over a lifetime results in limited immunity. For instance, research from Harvard points out that even though the body produces antibodies after a cold, the <keyword id="20082133" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="immune-response" source="keywords">immune response</keyword> isn't strong enough to prevent future infections from slightly different strains. This is in stark contrast to diseases like measles, where one infection can result in lifelong immunity. COVID-19 benefitted from its novelty. The immune system had never encountered SARS-CoV-2 before, making it easier to target with vaccines that produce a strong and specific immune response. Here’s an additional fun fact: because there are SO many different strains of common cold-causing viruses, research says that it is unlikely that you will be infected with the same strain of common cold twice throughout your life! <h2>Attempts to develop treatments</h2>There have been attempts to develop treatments for the common cold. Some researchers have targeted the way viruses enter and replicate in human cells. For example, a 2018 study explored inhibiting the protein that cold viruses use to replicate, showing some promise in early trials. However, most of these treatments are in the experimental phase, and none have been widely successful yet. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="113284254" title="Gastro problems could heighten Parkinson&amp;#39;s disease risk by 76%, study finds" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>In recent years, attention has shifted towards using broad-spectrum antiviral drugs that can target multiple viruses at once, similar to how some antibiotics work against a range of bacteria. However, this approach has yet to yield a major breakthrough. The idea of a universal cure for the common cold remains distant, but advances in genetic research and vaccine technology offer some hope. For example, CRISPR technology may allow scientists to edit out the genetic components that cold viruses rely on to replicate. Additionally, the mRNA technology used for COVID-19 vaccines has opened new possibilities for antiviral treatments, although these applications are still in early stages. Research continues, but for now, humanity may have to continue battling sniffles and coughs the old-fashioned way: with rest, fluids, and time.

How did we manage to deal with COVID-19 so quickly, but the common cold still remains a persisting problem?

Venkatesan, the executive vice president and chief technology officer of PayPal, is in charge of the payment company's new AI-driven personalization products. In this role, Venkatesan uses PayPal's 200 petabytes of transaction data to help small businesses and large enterprises sell more products and to help save money for consumers. Before joining PayPal in June, Venkatesan was EVP of the Walmart US Omni Platforms and Tech organization, where he helped use AI to blur the lines between offline and online shopping.See Business Insider's full <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://businessinsider.com/ai-power-list-2024">AI Power List</a>

Srini Venkatesan is responsible for PayPal's new AI-powered personalization features

<ul class="summary-list"><li>China last week said it was "not aware" of North Korean troops being sent to Russia.</li><li>Its muted response may undercut its efforts to improve trade with the EU, experts said.</li></ul>With North Korean forces believed to be moving toward <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-cant-sustain-ukraine-attack-without-north-korea-nato-chief-2024-10">Russia's front lines, </a>fears are growing that the Ukraine war is about to enter a new phase.Around 3,000 North Korean soldiers arrived in Russia last week, according to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/news_230104.htm">US, South Korean, and Ukrainian intelligence.</a>The reports signaled a deepening military alliance between Russia and North Korea — an alliance that has been met with a muted response from China.China's foreign affairs ministry last week said it was "not aware of the relevant situation."The bland statement may have been aimed at balancing its influence over North Korea and Russia with its relationship with Ukraine's Western allies.Some experts believe such a move could come at a cost.<h2 id="84e9dc8b-068f-459d-b4de-60dc958e5127">A threat to trade</h2>"Unless China distances itself more explicitly from North Korea-Russia cooperation, the West's perception of China as an enabler in the Ukraine war and a growing geopolitical threat will only harden," said a recent <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.cfr.org/expert-brief/north-korean-troops-russia-dangerous-new-phase-ukraine-war">report</a> by the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)."This could further undercut Beijing's efforts to improve its trading relationships with the European Union (EU). Just weeks ago, the EU signaled its growing ire with China, agreeing to impose hefty tariffs on electric vehicles."China is the EU's second-largest trading partner for goods after the US, with bilateral trade reaching<a target="_blank" href="https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/china_en#:~:text=China%20is%20the%20EU's%20second,and%20the%20biggest%20for%20imports."> $799 billion in 2023.</a> However, EU-China relations have become increasingly strained in recent years.Earlier this month, the EU <a target="_blank" href="https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_24_5041">voted to impose tariffs</a> on Chinese EV manufacturers in a bid to protect its automotive industry from what some politicians believe are <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/eu-chinese-ev-subsidies-market-cheap-prices-cars-2023-9">unfairly subsidized Chinese electric vehicles</a>.As <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/chinese-electric-vehicles-european-tariffs-retaliation-vw-bmw-mercedes-tesla-2024-10">BI previously reported</a>, the move means Chinese EV makers will be subject to a maximum 35.3% tariff on their vehicles, in addition to an existing 10% levy.That could impact plans to revive China's economy, which has been dragged by factors including youth <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-economy-3q-gdp-growth-stock-market-stimulus-2024-10">unemployment, a housing crisis, and deflation.</a> Earlier this month, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/china-economy-growth-stimulus-demand-emerging-markets-world-bank-2024-10">the World Bank forecast that China's economic growth</a> would slow to 4.3% next year, down from a forecast of 4.8% for 2024."Beijing would see little benefit to establishing a more formal trilateral alliance because being too closely linked to Russian and North Korean provocative behavior could trigger secondary sanctions against China," wrote Bruce Klingner, a Senior Research Fellow, in an April report for the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.heritage.org/asia/report/china-russia-north-korea-solidarity-poses-risk-the-us-and-its-allies">Heritage Foundation.</a><h2 id="0ef3ca54-23c2-448e-8102-52187e0dce2d">China's balancing act</h2>Analysts believe China is remaining publicly impartial in a bid to save its reputation on an international stage while maintaining its ties with North Korea and Russia.China has provided Russia with <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-and-china-anti-us-coalition-is-growing-more-threatening-2024-9">diplomatic and economic support </a>as it has faced sanctions over its invasion. The US has said China is also giving Russia increased support for its weapons industry.For North Korea, China has long been its most important ally, providing trade, diplomatic support, and military aid to Kim Jong Un. China and North Korea's mutual aid and cooperation treaty from 1961 is the only existing defense treaty that China has with any country."Declining to distance itself publicly would likely entrench the West's assessment that China seeks to sustain Russia's warfighting capacity," Ali Wyne, a senior Eurasia advisor at the Crisis Group think tank, told Business Insider."Distancing itself publicly, however, could strain China's ties with its alleged 'no limits' partner as well as its only treaty ally."Wyne added that North Korea's reported decision to deploy troops on Russia's behalf makes this balancing act harder for China to sustain — and for the US and the EU to accept.Not everyone agrees, however.Sari Arho Havrén, an associate fellow at the UK's Royal United Services Institute, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/north-korea-cozying-russia-suits-china-xi-putin-kim-alliance-2024-10">previously told BI </a>that North Korea and Russia would not have moved into such a close alliance without China's blessing.She doesn't believe that the threat of losing partial access to EU trade will cause China to speak more vocally against North Korea and Russia."This doesn't seem to be the case considering the amount of European leaders queuing up to Beijing with business delegations," she said."In addition, the return of Trump to the White House might just drop Europe into China's lap. I don't see how the EU single market and disunited member states could potentially be enough for China to distance itself, particularly from Russia."Ann Marie Dailey, a policy researcher at RAND, also isn't convinced that China is threatened by sanctions."The longer this conflict goes on, the more difficult it will be for ministers and heads of state to make a link between China supporting Russia, Russia hurting Ukraine and therefore needing to endure economic hardship due to sanctions against China," she said.

China's muted response to the Russia-North Korea alliance could come at a cost

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Turf wars at OpenAI have seen leadership shake-ups on key teams, including post-training.</li><li>The post-training team is currently led by Liam Fedus, a researcher who helped develop ChatGPT.</li></ul>The recent <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/openai-implosion-investors-vcs-2024-9">chaotic power struggles and turf wars</a> within OpenAI have resulted in leadership shake-ups on some of the company's most important teams. Among them is the post-training team, which is responsible for preparing AI models for wide release and has had three leaders in the past six months.Currently leading post-training is <a target="_blank" href="https://acsweb.ucsd.edu/~wfedus/">Liam Fedus</a>, a machine learning researcher who was part of a group of researchers that developed ChatGPT."We were definitely surprised how well it was received," Fedus said of the chatbot in the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/03/03/1069311/inside-story-oral-history-how-chatgpt-built-openai/">MIT Technology Review in 2023</a>, "there have been so many prior attempts at a general-purpose chatbot that I knew the odds were stacked against us." Fedus was also one of seven OpenAI researchers who developed a group of advanced reasoning models known as <a target="_blank" href="https://www.wired.com/story/openai-o1-strawberry-problem-reasoning/">Strawberry</a>. These models, which can think through problems and complete tasks they haven't encountered before, represent a leap forward for AI.Fedus began his academic career studying physics at MIT where he worked on a <a target="_blank" href="https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/63602">directional dark matter detector</a>. He took a brief detour onto Wall Street, working as an equity research associate at Fidelity, before completing an MS in physics at UC San Diego, where he collaborated with scientists at the <a target="_blank" href="https://home.cern/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider">large hadron collider</a> in Switzerland. He also received a PhD in computer science from the University of Montreal, where he focused on machine learning.He went on to become a research scientist at Google Brain, the outfit responsible for many of the technological advances that underpin AI models today. He joined OpenAI in 2022 and, in less than two years, has found himself in one of the company's most important roles.Post-training is the stage of the development process that involves taking trained machine learning models and improving their performance and efficiency, ensuring that they meet real-world standards.While perhaps less exciting than conducting frontier research or envisioning futuristic doomsday scenarios, the post-training team is an essential chokepoint through which OpenAI products have to pass before they end up in the hands of the masses. That's particularly important as OpenAI struggles through the growing pains of transforming itself from a scrappy research outfit to a global corporation and profitable business.Fedus took over the team after the departure of Barret Zoph, who left the company last month <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mira-murati-exits-openai-venture-capitalist-startup-2024-9">alongside CTO Mira Murati</a> and VP of <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-openai-employees-think-nonprofit-structure-agi-safety-mira-murati-2024-9">Research Bob McGrew. </a>High-profile safety researcher <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/another-safety-researcher-is-leaving-openai-2024-10">Miles Brundage announced his departure</a> from OpenAI on Thursday. It's not known exactly why the three prominent leaders departed, but it follows months of internal disagreements about balancing safety and commercialization in the development of advanced AI. The simmering conflict came to a head last November with the sudden ouster and rapid reinstatement of CEO Sam Altman. Zoph himself took over the team in August following the <a target="_blank" href="https://techcrunch.com/2024/08/05/openai-co-founder-leaves-for-anthropic/?guccounter=1&amp;guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&amp;guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHLq079tHLfJYNhEvY2m_Io98JiD1QU9ARFeRcwKZMYgB5HYYZShN8Iev1M-sMVoJbTAXzS-tevkrLEfMp6Rku0ENaa4OVAwOLJ_xFJsXtja-LFFss1SeEpGBJsXGoVb4gTjxhqO5kDrvQ8kYApGeNrymHprKMSv8i6MW4jva7rr">departure of co-founder John Schulman</a>, who left to join rival Anthropic.OpenAI didn't respond to a request for comment.

Meet Liam Fedus, the person responsible for getting OpenAI's new products out the door

Fewer <keyword id="21932926" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="flexible-work-options" source="keywords">flexible work options</keyword>, <keyword id="19901232" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="work-life-balance" source="keywords">work-life balance</keyword> and <keyword id="20237287" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="family-responsibilities" source="keywords">family responsibilities</keyword> pose substantial challenges for <keyword id="19900675" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="women" source="keywords">women</keyword> trying to re-enter the workforce and are the main reasons for quitting their jobs, according to a report. A survey by <keyword id="20120149" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="naukri-com" source="keywords">Naukri.com</keyword> has revealed that work-life balance poses a significant concern, as 39 % of the women respondents cited it as a key reason for leaving their jobs. "These issues pose substantial challenges for women trying to re-enter the workforce, with 41 % identifying a lack of flexible work options and 35 % highlighting family responsibilities as significant barriers to continuing with their jobs," the report said. The report is based on a survey conducted by online recruitment company Naukri.com among job seekers registered on its platform. The report found that 73% of women interviewed said <keyword id="20028277" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="equal-opportunities" source="keywords">equal opportunities</keyword> exist for both men and women in employment and leadership positions, and 79% of men agreed that both genders get equal chances at workplaces. Despite a majority of respondents viewing that workplaces offer equal opportunities to both genders, the report revealed that 24 % of women felt men have better growth prospects compared to only 8 % of men holding the same view. On the other hand, 13% of men interviewed said women have better opportunities at the workplace, however, only 3% of women shared this opinion. "Our report highlights an encouraging trend towards <keyword id="20250318" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gender-equality" source="keywords">gender equality</keyword> in the workplace, with 73 % of women recognising that equal opportunities do exist today. "It also reveals lingering challenges in areas of work-life balance and career advancement, underscoring the need for strategic interventions by industry to ensure continued progress," Naukri.com Chief Business Officer Pawan Goyal told PTI. Even the <keyword id="19898698" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="gender-pay-gap" source="keywords">gender pay gap</keyword> remains an area of concern, with 31 % of women perceiving unequal compensation relative to 16 % of men. It also found that 53 % of respondents said that salary compensation is entirely equal for both genders in the same role.

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