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Using four telescopes including the <keyword id="574115" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Giant-Metrewave-Radio-Telescope">Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope</keyword> (GMRT) in Pune, astronomers have discovered the biggest explosion seen in the universe since the Big Bang. The blast, which released five times more energy than the previous record holder, came from a <keyword id="2104882" type="ENTERTAINMENT" weightage="20" keywordseo="supermassive-black-hole">supermassive black hole</keyword> at the centre of a galaxy hundreds of millions of light-years away. The other telescopes used for the discovery included NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory, European Space Agency's (ESA) XMM-Newton and the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) in Western Australia. "We've seen outbursts in the centres of galaxies before but this one is really, really massive," said Professor Melanie Johnston-Hollitt from the Curtin University node of the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research in Australia. "And we don't know why it's so big. But it happened very slowly - like an explosion in slow motion that took place over hundreds of millions of years," she added. The explosion occurred in the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster, about 390 million light-years from Earth. It was so powerful it punched a cavity in the cluster plasma -- the super-hot gas surrounding the black hole. The blast was similar to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, which ripped the top off the mountain, said lead author of the study Simona Giacintucci from the Naval Research Laboratory in the US. "The difference is that you could fit 15 Milky Way galaxies in a row into the crater this eruption punched into the cluster's hot gas," she said. The cavity in the cluster plasma had been seen previously with X-ray telescopes, Johnston-Hollitt said. But scientists initially dismissed the idea that it could have been caused by an energetic outburst, because it would have been too big. "People were sceptical because the size of outburst," she said. "But it really is that. The Universe is a weird place." The researchers only realised what they had discovered when they looked at the Ophiuchus galaxy cluster with radio telescopes. "The radio data fit inside the X-rays like a hand in a glove," said co-author Maxim Markevitch, from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre. "This is the clincher that tells us an eruption of unprecedented size occurred here," Markevitch said. Professor Johnston-Hollitt likened the finding to discovering the first dinosaur bones. "It's a bit like archaeology," she said. "We've been given the tools to dig deeper with low frequency radio telescopes so we should be able to find more outbursts like this now," Johnston-Hollitt said. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/scientists-predict-a-star-thats-slowly-been-getting-brighter-over-the-past-decades-will-explode-in-2083/articleshow/73138295.cms">A star set to explode in 2083 will be the brightest object in Earth's sky as it dies</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/a-small-star-blew-up-a-bigger-stars-funeral-by-exploding-but-still-missing-the-bullseye/articleshow/73975529.cms">A small star blew up a bigger star's funeral by exploding — but still missing the bullseye</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/an-explosion-4-billion-light-years-from-earth-released-more-energy-than-the-sun-can-generate-in-its-entire-lifespan/articleshow/72221964.cms">An explosion 4 billion lightyears from Earth released more energy than the Sun can generate in its entire lifespan</a>

Pune telescope detected an explosion five times bigger than the Big Bang 390 million light years from Earth

<keyword id="431538" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Astrosat">AstroSat</keyword>, Indias first multi- wavelength satellite, has detected an extreme ultraviolet (UV) light from a galaxy which is 9.3 billion light-years away from Earth, the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) said on Monday. A release from the Pune-based Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics said a global team led by IUCAA scientists have achieved the major breakthrough. "Indias first multi-wavelength satellite, which has five unique X-ray and ultraviolet telescopes working in tandem, AstroSat, has detected extreme-UV light from a galaxy, called AUDFs01, 9.3 billion light-yearsaway from Earth," said it said. The discovery was made by an international team of astronomers led by Dr Kanak Saha, associate professor of astronomy at the IUCAA, and published on August 24 by 'Nature Astronomy', the release said. This team comprised scientists from India, France, Switzerland, the USA, Japan and The Netherlands. Saha and his team observed the galaxy, which is located in the <keyword id="9818101" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="hubble-extreme-deep-field">Hubble Extreme Deep field</keyword>, through AstroSat. These observations lasted for more than 28 hours in October 2016, the release stated. But it took nearly two years since then to carefully analyse the data to ascertain that the emission is indeed from the galaxy. Since UV radiation is absorbed by Earths atmosphere, it has to be observed from space, it said. Earlier, NASAs Hubble Space Telescope (HST), a significantly larger than UVIT (UV imaging telescope), did not detect any UV emission (with energygreater than 13.6 eV) from this galaxy because it is too faint, it said. AstroSat/UVIT was able to achieve this unique feat because the background noise in the UVITdetector is much less than the ones on HST," said the release quoting Saha. Saha said they knew it would be an uphill task to convince the international community that UVIT has recorded extreme-UV emission from this galaxy when more powerful HST has not. Dr Somak Raychaudhury, Director of IUCAA, said, "This is a very important clue to how the dark ages of the universe ended and there was light in the universe. "We need to know when this started, but it has been very hard to find the earliest sources of light. I am very proud that my colleagues have made such an important discovery." SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/congress-working-committee-cwc-meeting-updates-decision-on-congress-new-president-sonia-gandhi-or-rahul-gandhi/articleshow/77717675.cms">Sonia Gandhi offers to quit, Manmohan Singh holds her back and Rahul Gandhi questions party leaders — the CWC meeting reveals the cracks in Congress</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/cognizant-says-it-will-spend-2-7-crore-to-restore-sebakkam-lake-and-help-natural-marshland-pallikaranai-wetland/articleshow/77716094.cms">Cognizant says it will spend ₹2.7 crore to restore one of India's last natural marshlands in Chennai</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/axis-bank-trims-its-investment-in-max-life-insurance-from-30-to-18/articleshow/77721249.cms">Axis Bank trims its investment in Max Life Insurance from 30% to 18%</a>

India's first multi-wavelength satellite detects galaxy 9.3 billion light years away

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Pune telescope detected an explosion five times bigger than the Big Bang 390 million light years from Earth

IANS

India's first multi-wavelength satellite detects galaxy 9.3 billion light years away

PTI

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