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<ul><li>There are 692 million active internet users in India. </li><li>Meta-owned <keyword id="790242" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="whatsapp" source="Orion">Whatsapp</keyword> suffered a two-hour global outage earlier this week, affecting 450 million India users. </li><li>Business Insider India brings to you a list of alternative messaging platforms that can be used even when there is no internet connection. </li></ul>There are 692 million active internet users in <a href="https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/technology/indias-internet-users-grow-rural-areas-lead-growth/2610259/">India</a> and about two-thirds are on the popular messaging app Whatsapp. When the Meta-owned Whatsapp suffered a two-hour global outage earlier this week, it not only affected social connectivity but was a punch in the gut for a growing number of <a href="https://www.livemint.com/news/india/whatsapp-s-one-hour-outage-takes-toll-on-small-businesses-11666710531867.html">small businesses</a> that use this platform for business. With analysts predicting that these kinds of outages could occur more often going ahead, it is only prudent to look for alternative options that work even offline. Business Insider India brings to you a list of alternative options that you can use to send messages without using the internet. However, these apps come with a caveat – the privacy and security of some enlisted apps are still under scrutiny, despite a few of them offering encryption. Used by journalists, activists, for disaster management or by campaign managers and travellers alike, these apps can be an efficient alternative to popular messaging apps. Here are the most popular options you can explore. 1. Near Peer Near Peer is an offline chat application that allows users with the app to chat without an internet connection in a 100-metre radius. The application is available on Google Play Store and uses a mesh network to create offline communication. It can be used for individual and group chats, although it is only available for <keyword id="6355645" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="android" source="Orion">Android</keyword> users. The app can also send files. 2. Bridgefy This application was widely used during the Hong Kong protests and the government crackdown that followed. <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=me.bridgefy.main&amp;hl=en_IN&amp;gl=US">Bridgefy</a> allows you to send and receive offline messages to users within 100 metres. The app uses Bluetooth to establish an offline connection to devices. This app works without <keyword id="107178" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="wifi" source="Orion">Wifi</keyword> or data and can even send encrypted broadcast messages. Data is encrypted during transit, the app claims. It is available on both Android and iOS. 3. <keyword id="15362605" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="briar" source="Orion">Briar</keyword> Users can establish offline communication by sending and receiving messages without the internet through Briar. The app is available only on Android and can be accessed through Bluetooth, Tor (free and open-source software used for undetected communication), and even through Wifi. It also lets you create blog posts, share a link for adding contacts and even create a discussion group. 4. Meshenger Meshenger is a free and open-source Android application that lets you make voice or video calls without any internet <a href="https://f-droid.org/en/packages/d.d.meshenger/">connection</a>. Users have to generate and scan the QR contact code of one another to access this app without even signing up. It also provides data backup and encrypted communication. The app is available for download on F-Droid, which is a free and open-source software. 5. Rumble Rumble is an offline Android microblogging application that also does not need an internet connection to stay active. It lets users share images and exchange messages, activating anonymous communication via Bluetooth. “Using only the social fabric as an infrastructure, it makes Rumble suitable for use cases where the Internet is either best to avoid, (surveillance/censorship) or simply not available,” claims <a href="https://f-droid.org/packages/org.disrupted.rumble/">Rumble</a>. 6. Serval Mesh Serval Mesh is another offline messaging alternative that connects nearby devices via Bluetooth. It aims to enable communications for the unfortunate who are experiencing chronic loss of the internet. “Search and discovery have become invaluable elements of the modern internet. However, for communities experiencing transient or chronic loss of <keyword id="382594" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="internet-access" source="Orion">internet access</keyword>, these facilities are not available,” <keyword id="15362604" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="serval-project" source="Orion">Serval Project</keyword> said in a <a href="https://servalpaul.blogspot.com/">statement. </a> 7. Peer Chat Peer Chat is available for iOS users and is a group messaging application that allows users to chat with upto eight contacts. The app claims all messages are encrypted, and no data is logged. This application does not store data on servers and thus makes communication more private, with no registration <a href="https://apps.apple.com/us/app/peer-chat/id725947328">required</a>. 8. Signal Offline Messanger The popular messaging application Signal also provides offline communication through WiFi Direct, a technology that allows nearby devices to create their own Wifi network without using the internet. This technology allows free peer-to-peer connection, enabling users to exchange files, audio, video, and messages without data. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/cybersecurity-platform-blusapphire-raises-9-2-million-in-barings-pe-led-funding-round/articleshow/95117744.cms">Cybersecurity platform BluSapphire raises $9.2 million in Barings PE-led funding round</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/q2-corporate-earnings-report-banks-perform-well-moderate-growth-in-fmcg-auto/articleshow/95120418.cms">Q2 corporate earnings report: Banks perform well, moderate growth in FMCG, auto</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/facebook-picks-15-indian-online-communities-for-accelerator-programme/articleshow/95120189.cms">Facebook picks 15 Indian online communities for accelerator programme</a>

Here are a list of apps that lets you stay connected even offline - for the next time your  favourite messaging app has an outage

<ul><li>As the year of most IPOs in India comes to an end, another one kicks off.</li><li>The excitement for IPOs, particularly from retail investors, is likely to be a lot sober in 2022, says <keyword id="1038160" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ajay-saraf" source="Orion">Ajay Saraf</keyword>, head of investment banking and institutional equities at ICICI Securities.</li><li>That would mean companies would be less confident in demanding high valuations, leaving more profit on the table for small investors in good companies.</li><li>Check out our <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/bi-newsletter">weekly explainers</a> on the hottest topics and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/newsletters_signup.cms">sign up</a> if you like them</li></ul>The bull run in Indian equities that continued from mid-2020 up until late 2021 had drawn in hordes of companies, including the likes of <keyword id="830092" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="zomato" source="Orion">Zomato</keyword>, <keyword id="6376684" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nykaa" source="Orion">Nykaa</keyword> and <keyword id="6357120" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="paytm" source="Orion">Paytm</keyword>, who wanted to make the best of the brimming optimism and get the best price for their shares. Millions of retail investors wanted a part of the boom in Asia’s best performing stock market, and a lot of IPOs benefited from the frenzy. That kind of unbridled enthusiasm is unlikely in 2022, according to Ajay Saraf, head of investment banking and institutional equities at ICICI Securities in an interview to Business Insider. Saraf is not alone. Srinivas Rao Ravuri, chief investment officer at PGIM India Mutual Fund also <a href="https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/daily-voice-2022-would-be-a-challenging-year-for-investors-and-companies-planning-ipos-says-srinivas-rao-ravuri-of-pgim-india-mf-7856261.html">reportedly</a> believes that 2022 would be a challenging year for investors and companies planning IPOs. But that’s not entirely a bad thing. If the cautious mood makes good companies, who need to raise money, tone down the pricing it may leave more profit on the table for small investors. There were 63 initial public offerings (IPO) in 2021 and they raised a cumulative <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/list-of-upcoming-ipo-in-year-2022-in-india-ags-transact-adani-wilmar-prudent-corporate-advisory/slidelist/88492728.cms">₹1.18 lakh crore from investors</a> [hyperlink]. And, some of them doubled, or more, the <keyword id="1184176" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="ipo-investors" source="Orion">IPO investors</keyword>’ money on listing itself. <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Top performing IPOs of 2020 </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">% of listing gains </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Macrotech Developers </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">159% </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Laxmi Organics </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">152% </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Easy Trip Planners </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">151% </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Barbeque Nation Hospitality </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">125% </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Nureca </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">116% </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">StoveKraft </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">115% </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">MTAR Technologies </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">110% </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Sona BLW Precision Forgings </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-right:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;border-top:solid #000000 0.8333325pt;vertical-align:bottom;padding:2pt 2pt 2pt 2pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">102% </td></tr></tbody></table> But, 2022 is likely to be different. “My sense is 2022 could be more volatile… and the issue would be stuff like hike in global interest rates, tapering, central bank prioritising inflation over growth and increasing interest rate earlier than expected, which might make the market volatile and IPOs may not be as smooth and great as 2021,” said Saraf. Here’s an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/markets/news/heres-why-the-spike-in-inflation-in-the-us-may-worry-markets-in-india/articleshow/82597218.cms">explainer</a> on why the rising inflation, and the expected hike in interest rates, in the US may affect markets in India. If the market mood is uncertain, then the companies planning IPOs are likely to be less confident in seeking high valuations. Startups like <keyword id="143842" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mobikwik" source="Orion">Mobikwik</keyword> are already waiting patiently before they launch the IPO to get the best price. Founder Upasana Taku told Business Insider that she is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/mobikwik-founder-says-they-are-not-selling-any-shares-in-the-ipo/articleshow/88392998.cms">waiting for the market conditions to improve</a> even though she has the SEBI approval to launch the IPO. Legendary investor Warren Buffet has said in the past that he has never invested in an IPO. “The idea of saying the best place in the world where I can put money is something where all the selling, and their commissions are higher, the animal spirits are rising, that’s going to be better than a thousand other things I can where there is no similar selling enthusiasm, and the desire to get the deal done and earn some commissions. That’s the best thing to buy in a single day?,” Buffett <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/video/2019/05/06/warren-buffett-on-why-hes-never-bought-an-ipo.html">asked in an interview</a> in May 2019. In 2022, the animal spirits will be lower i.e. the emotional trigger for investments will be contained and therefore the valuations may be cheaper. “Valuation will become a bit more in favour of investors and that is the trend which we will see (next year),” said Saraf. If the IPOs are priced cheaper, it is likely that the headroom for profit is higher for investors, particularly for those who invest for the longer term. While this is general wisdom, it may so happen that the excitement may be lesser for some companies and higher for others. “Consumer tech and BFSI will lead the overall IPOs in terms of sector concentration in 2022,” said Saraf. Here’s a list of IPOs expected to open in 2022 <table style="border-width: initial; border-style: none; table-layout: fixed; width: 468pt;"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Companies </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Description </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">AGS Transact </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Payment solution providers </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Adani Wilmar </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Fast moving consumer goods </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Prudent Corporate Advisory </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Retail wealth management firm </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Emcure Pharmaceuticals </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Manufacture of pharma products in areas -- gynaecology, cardiology, blood- related, oncology, respiratory, CNS &amp; HIV </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Shri Bajrang Power &amp; Ispat </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Integrated steel manufacturer </td></tr><tr><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Sahajanand Medical Technologies </td><td style="border-left:solid #000000 1pt;border-right:solid #000000 1pt;border-bottom:solid #000000 1pt;border-top:solid #000000 1pt;vertical-align:top;padding:5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt;overflow:hidden;overflow-wrap:break-word;">Medical devices company </td></tr></tbody></table>Does lesser excitement for IPOs mean that loss-making startups have no hope in 2022? Saraf doesn’t think so. “I think Indian investors, given how the year 2021 was, they are willing to put money into companies who are still not breaking even or whose profitability may be few years away...and this trend will continue,” said Saraf. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/stock-market/news/list-of-upcoming-ipo-in-year-2022-in-india-ags-transact-adani-wilmar-prudent-corporate-advisory/slidelist/88492728.cms">LIC, AGS Transact, Adani Wilmar and other IPOs coming up in early 2022</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/mobikwik-founder-says-they-are-not-selling-any-shares-in-the-ipo/articleshow/88392998.cms">Mobikwik founder says they are not selling any shares in the IPO</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/snapdeal-ipo-paper-reveals-that-it-is-going-offline/articleshow/88408081.cms">Snapdeal IPO papers reveal the e-tailer’s offline aspirations for budget fashion</a>

The IPO excitement may be softer in 2022 but that can be a good thing for investors

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Aurora Cannabis CEO Terry Booth is stepping down from his role and the company is cutting 500 jobs in an effort to reduce costs.</li><li>Aurora is the latest cannabis company to get hit with executives shakeups and layoffs. </li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>Longtime Aurora Cannabis CEO Terry Booth is stepping down and the cannabis giant is cutting 500 jobs to slash spending, as turmoil hits the industry.Michael Singer, Aurora's executive chairman, will take over as interim CEO while the board searches for a full-time replacement, the company said <a href="https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/aurora-cannabis-announces-ceo-retirement-and-succession-board-of-directors-expansion-and-business-transformation-plan-869307955.html">in a statement</a>Booth isn't the only Aurora executive to depart the company in recent months. In December, Cam Battley, Aurora's chief corporate officer and the company's most public figure, stepped down from his role.On top of the executive changes, Aurora said it was eliminating 500 full-time roles at the company, including 25% of corporate positions, and cutting back spending on travel and entertainment, IT projects, sales and marketing initiatives, and other areas."This was an incredibly difficult decision and not one taken lightly," Aurora CFO Glen Ibbott said on a Thursday afternoon call with analysts and investors. Shares of the company tumbled 11% in late trading on Thursday.The layoffs were first reported by <a href="https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/aurora-plans-to-lay-off-10-of-staff-amid-profitability-push-source-1.1385552">BNN Bloomberg</a> on Wednesday. Aurora will also take a $740 million to $775 million goodwill write-down, mainly related to assets the company acquired in Denmark and South America, "given market current cannabis market conditions and the slower than expected near-term industry growth," according to the statement. <h2>Cannabis companies face executive shake-ups, layoffs, and other cost-cutting measures </h2>Other Canadian cannabis giants have announced <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pax-eaze-weedmaps-hexo-canntrust-layoffs-job-cuts-in-cannabis-2019-10">cost-cutting layoffs</a> in recent weeks. Tilray on Tuesday let go of 10% of its workforce. amounting to approximately 144 jobs."Tilray restructured its global organization to meet the needs of the current industry environment and for continued growth in 2020 and beyond," Tilray CEO Brendan Kennedy said in a statement provided to Business Insider.Canopy Growth founder Bruce Linton stepped down from his role in July of last year. He was replaced by David Klein, a former senior exec at Canopy's largest investor, Constellation Brands. NASDAQ-listed Sundial Growers <a href="https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/sundial-announces-departure-of-ceo-and-other-leadership-changes-and-optimization-initiatives-850424669.html">shook up its executive team in January as well</a>, replacing longtime CEO Torsten Kuenzlen and laying off an undisclosed number of employees. "We have implemented several streamlining and efficiency initiatives to position the Company for long-term, sustainable growth. These initiatives include workforce optimization, along with enhancement of facility workflows and processes, realignment of product lines and product formats to areas of stronger demand and a heightened discipline in cost management," a Sundial spokesperson said in a statement provided to Business Insider. And on Tuesday, Canadian cannabis cultivator WeedMD replaced its CEO, Keith Merker, with Angelo Tsebelis, the company's present.On the US side, MedMen's co-founder and CEO Adam Bierman <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/medmen-ceo-adam-bierman-to-step-down-setbacks-stock-losses-2020-1">stepped down from his role</a> and surrendered his super-voting shares in January, after the company laid off over 200 employees and was hit with a litany of lawsuits, executive departures, asset sales, and corporate controversies. Analysts welcomed the executive shakeups and job cuts at Aurora and Tilray."From a financial standpoint, we're supportive of these moves," Jefferies analysts Owen Bennett and Ryan Tomkins wrote on Wednesday. "Both companies have a relatively clouded path to profitability right now, very large operational footprints, a history of aggressive investments, and will likely need to raise capital in the near future (in our view)."Cowen analyst Vivien Azer called the cuts "prudent" in a note on Wednesday."With cash scarce and profits elusive, we find these cuts prudent," Azer wrote. <ul class="read-more-links"><li>Read more:</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pax-eaze-weedmaps-hexo-canntrust-layoffs-job-cuts-in-cannabis-2019-10">Tilray just laid off 10% of its workers amid an industry slump. We're keeping track of all the job cuts across cannabis here.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/medmen-ceo-adam-bierman-to-step-down-setbacks-stock-losses-2020-1">The CEO of embattled cannabis company MedMen is stepping down on February 1</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/caliva-ditching-eaze-cutting-over-200-workers-in-dtc-pivot-2020-2">California cannabis company Caliva is ditching Eaze and cutting more than 200 workers in a bet that building up its direct-to-consumer operation will pay off</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cannabis-startups-popular-hot-in-2020-according-to-vcs-2020-1">These are the 15 buzziest cannabis startups to bet on in 2020, according to top investors</a></li></ul><a href="/intelligence/digital-health?IR=T&amp;itm_source=businessinsider&amp;itm_medium=ctgr_bii&amp;itm_term=ctgr_subscription&amp;itm_content=health&amp;itm_campaign=digital-health"></a>Featured Digital Health Articles: - <a href="/telehealth-industry-explained">Telehealth Industry: Benefits, Services &amp; Examples</a> - <a href="/value-based-care-pay-for-performance-healthcare-model">Value-Based Care Model: Pay-for-Performance Healthcare</a> - <a href="/senior-care-market-trends">Senior Care &amp; Assisted Living Market Trends</a> - <a href="/wearable-technology-healthcare-medical-devices">Smart Medical Devices: Wearable Tech in Healthcare</a> - <a href="/artificial-intelligence-healthcare">AI in Healthcare</a> - <a href="/remote-patient-monitoring-industry-explained">Remote Patient Monitoring Industry: Devices &amp; Market Trends</a>

The CEO of cannabis giant Aurora just stepped down and the company is cutting 500 jobs as turmoil hits the industry

Hello!Welcome to this weekly roundup of stories from Matt Turner, Insider's co-Editor in Chief of <keyword id="6355515" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="business" source="Orion">business</keyword>. <a href="http://newsletter.businessinsider.com/join/4np/insider-weekly">Subscribe here to get this newsletter in your inbox every Sunday.</a> Plus, download Insider's app for news on the go - <a href="https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id554260576?mt=8">click here for iOS</a> and <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.freerange360.mpp.businessinsider">here for Android</a>.What we're going over today:<ul><li>A new generation of leaders is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/30-leaders-under-40-changing-healthcare-in-2021">transforming the healthcare industry.</a></li><li>Cloud software's<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cloud-honeymoon-over-for-amazon-microsoft-helps-oracle-cisco-vmware-2021-8"> time in the spotlight may be waning</a>.</li><li>Gap's sales are up - and the retailer is poised to<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gap-making-comeback-with-marketing-and-products-2021-8"> cash in on its comeback.</a></li><li>You're not alone - there's a reason why <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/working-from-home-made-us-all-paranoid-stressed-2021-8">working from home makes a lot of people paranoid</a>.</li></ul><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/30-leaders-under-40-changing-healthcare-in-2021"></a>What's trending this morning:<ul><li>Over 300 Amazon staffers joined a Slack channel to criticize the company. Here's what workers are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-employees-slam-performance-reviews-pip-on-internal-slack-channel-2021-8">saying about its opaque performance-review system</a>. </li><li>There's over 60 key players leading Travis Kalanick's top secret startup CloudKitchens - but it's so hush-hush <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/inside-cloudkitchens-key-executives-and-recent-departures-2021-7">they can't even add it to their resumes</a>.</li><li>Salesforce and Zoom were vying for the same mega-acquisition of Five9. This means we may know <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/salesforce-five9-zoom-rbc-contact-center-tools-acquisitions-2021-8">what the $242 billion cloud giant could buy next</a>.</li><li>Google is shutting down its health division. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-health-shutting-down-david-feinberg-leaves-2021-8">Find out what Insider learned in a leaked memo.</a></li><li>Real-estate investors can tap into these new rankings of the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/where-to-buy-vacation-home-for-best-return-on-investment-2021-8">best areas to buy vacation rental properties right now.</a></li></ul><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/30-leaders-under-40-changing-healthcare-in-2021">The new leaders transforming the healthcare industry</a></h3>There's an elite group of doctors, scientists, executives, and founders who are rethinking and improving how we keep people healthy. Out of hundreds of nominations, these are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/30-leaders-under-40-changing-healthcare-in-2021">Insider's 30 under 40 set to revamp healthcare </a>- and here's a look at one of the featured leaders:Dr. Nworah Ayogu, 33, is defining the future of Amazon Pharmacy By the time Nworah Ayogu got his medical degree from Harvard University in 2015, he'd researched vaccines for brain tumors, helped stand up his hometown's first office of minority health, and codeveloped a service for infant care via text messages in Cape Town, South Africa.With an MBA also in hand, he went into residency at Columbia University already well acquainted with the limitations of medical care. Then, in 2017, he joined Cityblock Health, a tech-oriented health startup that cares for vulnerable populations.See the full list here:<ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/30-leaders-under-40-changing-healthcare-in-2021">Meet the 30 young leaders forging a new future for the healthcare industry in 2021</a></li></ul>Also read:<ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/apple-scaling-back-healthhabit-app-layoffs-2021-8">Apple is scaling back a key health project that grew out of its care clinics, and some workers could lose their jobs</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/top-anthem-exec-explains-the-health-insurers-approach-to-primary-care-2021-8">A top Anthem exec explains why the $92 billion health-insurance giant is betting on a different primary-care strategy than rivals UnitedHealth and Humana</a></li></ul><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cloud-honeymoon-over-for-amazon-microsoft-helps-oracle-cisco-vmware-2021-8">The honeymoon and hype may be over for cloud software </a></h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cloud-honeymoon-over-for-amazon-microsoft-helps-oracle-cisco-vmware-2021-8"><div type="image" title="Andy Jassy" height="1753" width="2334" msid="85535643" hostid="261"></div></a>Cloud customers are getting more cautious when approaching services like Amazon Web Services and Google Cloud. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cloud-honeymoon-over-for-amazon-microsoft-helps-oracle-cisco-vmware-2021-8">A growing number of VCs and Wall Street firms</a> have cooled on restructuring their information technology and willingness to front the costs:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-earnings-q2-2021-revenue-eps-profit-2021-7">AWS</a>, the market leader, is on track to bring in $59 billion in revenue this year after posting growth of 37% over the previous quarter, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-alphabet-earnings-q2-2021-revenue-eps-profit-analysis-2021-7">Google Cloud</a> had $4.6 billion in revenue last quarter, up 54% year over year. The numbers are impressive given that the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-azure-amazon-web-services-cloud-slowdown-2019-10">clouds have at times struggled to show growth as their businesses mature</a>. In other words, while cloud is still a booming sector and will likely remain that way for some time to come, its hype may be wearing off as customers reassess the costs and benefits of restructuring their information technology. And that dynamic could create an opening for old-guard companies like <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/cisco">Cisco</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/oracle">Oracle</a>, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/vmware">VMware</a>, whose data-center-focused products - not long ago written off as irrelevant because of cloud's dominance - seem more vital than ever. Read the full story here:<ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/cloud-honeymoon-over-for-amazon-microsoft-helps-oracle-cisco-vmware-2021-8">The honeymoon is over for cloud computing</a></li></ul>Also read:<ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/former-aws-exec-why-amazon-built-cloud-cost-management-tools-2021-8">A former Amazon manager explains how AWS first realized surprise cloud bills were a problem for its customers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/google-pay-payments-team-seeing-executive-exodus-turnover-caesar-sengupta-2021-8">Google's payments team is seeing an exodus of executives and employees. Some say they're frustrated with the slow pace of progress.</a></li></ul><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gap-making-comeback-with-marketing-and-products-2021-8">The Gap comeback begins now</a></h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gap-making-comeback-with-marketing-and-products-2021-8"><div type="image" title="A Gap employee packs shopping in a bag while a customer pays" height="1869" width="2492" msid="85535644" hostid="261"></div></a>The once-iconic American retailer Gap has been in decline for decades. But its revenue rose dramatically year-over-year during the pandemic, which its CEO attributed partially to new marketing campaigns. Social media buzz and influencer hype may also helped, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gap-making-comeback-with-marketing-and-products-2021-8">as well as activist marketing campaigns and revamped products</a>: The onetime American mall mainstay has been shutting physical stores for years, and plans to close more than 350 Gap and Banana Republic stores in North America by 2023. It's instead making a bigger bet on e-commerce. Gap is working to improve its mobile experience and email <a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/gap-inc-taps-deg-as-its-global-email-agency-of-record-301074052.html">personalization</a> to drive sales. And it just launched <a href="https://www.marketingdive.com/news/gap-inc-further-streamlines-loyalty-across-brands/603800/">a loyalty program</a> to get people to <a href="https://www.retaildive.com/news/gap-inc-bright-rewards-members-spend-more-more-often/559240/">spend more across Gap Inc. brands.</a>Gap's reset coincided with the pandemic, when people were seeking<a href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/08/06/magazine/fashion-sweatpants.html"> casual attire</a> and <a href="https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/consumer-business/us-cb-brand-power-in-times-of-covid-19.pdf">longstanding brands,</a> said Jason Goldberg chief commerce strategy officer at Publicis North America. E-commerce sales have helped offset in-store declines, <a href="https://www.marketingdive.com/news/gap-says-marketing-investments-are-supercharging-sales/600998/">growing 82%</a> in the first quarter. It's seeking more collaborations like its deal with Kanye West's <a href="https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2020/06/9885588/kanye-west-yeezy-gap-collaboration">Yeezy</a>, which <a href="https://footwearnews.com/2021/business/earnings/gap-closing-uk-stores-kanye-yeezy-1203155597/">Wells Fargo</a> estimated could drive up to $990 million in incremental sales in fiscal 2022.Get the details on Gap's comeback:<ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gap-making-comeback-with-marketing-and-products-2021-8">Gap's sales are up for the first time in decades. Here's how the retailer is trying to cash in on the momentum by revamping its marketing and products.</a></li></ul>Also read:<ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/stitch-fix-stylists-speak-out-about-policy-changes-2021-8">In leaked internal messages, Stitch Fix stylists say corporate is 'gaslighting' them and ignoring pleas for help on new policies and schedules</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/wedding-advertising-is-coming-back-davids-zola-tiffany-2021-7">Brands like David's Bridal and Zola are spending big on advertising as the $51 billion wedding industry surges</a></li></ul><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/working-from-home-made-us-all-paranoid-stressed-2021-8">Work-from-home paranoia is a real thing </a></h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/working-from-home-made-us-all-paranoid-stressed-2021-8"><div type="image" title="working from home" height="750" width="1000" msid="85535645" hostid="261"></div></a>Research suggests that the loneliness of working from home can seep into feelings of vulnerability and paranoia, like the idea that coworkers and bosses could be chatting behind your back on private Slack channels. Navigating paranoia <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/working-from-home-made-us-all-paranoid-stressed-2021-8">starts with getting out of your own head</a>:Paranoia at work isn't necessarily a bad thing. Stanford's Roderick Kramer <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12140855/">showed</a> it can be a reasonable and appropriate response to a threat. He coined the term "prudent paranoia" to refer to a certain kind of attentiveness whereby being suspicious of others' underlying motivations serves as a form of emotional intelligence and covert information gathering. Being "prudently paranoid" might give you an advantage in grasping social dynamics and predicting future outcomes. Problems occur when the paranoia becomes pathological - when you start reading into things that aren't there. Vanessa Bohns, a social psychologist and professor of organizational behavior at Cornell University, recommended getting off Slack. It's rife with opportunities for miscommunication, she said.Dig into WFH paranoia: <ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/working-from-home-made-us-all-paranoid-stressed-2021-8">Working from home has made us all paranoid </a>Also Read:</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/7-side-hustles-that-will-earn-6-figures-or-more-2019-12">The 24 best side hustles that could earn you 6 figures or more, and how to get them off the ground quickly from experts who have done it</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/5-clues-to-look-for-in-job-descriptions-about-a-companys-culture-2021-8">5 ways to read a job description for clues into a future employer's culture</a></li></ul>Finally, here are some headlines you might have missed last week.- Matt <ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-valley-broken-out-of-truly-transformative-tech-ideas-2021-7">Silicon Valley is falling apart - force feeding us lazy and derivative tech</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/poshmark-reseller-college-student-daily-routine-side-hustle-2021-8">I'm a 20-year-old college student selling $34K on Poshmark. Here's the daily routine I follow to juggle resale and school.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/remote-bitcoin-mining-expert-compass-crypto-investing-strategy-adam-gitzes-2021-8">Adam Gitzes earns around $190 a day from remote bitcoin mining as a side hustle. He shares 2 reasons why it's 'a great time' to start - and his tips for finding success with it</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-tiger-global-eclipsed-softbank-to-become-a-global-behemoth-2021-8">Hedge fund Tiger Global is blowing up the unwritten rules of startup investing right now with its speed, tons of cash, and hands-off approach</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazon-employees-blast-the-companys-return-to-office-plans-2021-8">'This is turning into a circus': Amazon employees blast the company's latest return-to-office plans internally, calling for permanent remote work</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tv-tech-companies-that-could-replace-nielsen-2021-8">TV companies are at a boiling point with Nielsen over how it counts viewers and some are ready to move on. Here are 6 companies that could replace it.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/real-estate-investing-strategies-passive-income-2021-8">Maximize passive income from real estate investments with 3 easy strategies</a></li></ul>

The 30 young leaders, scientists, doctors, and entrepreneurs transforming the healthcare industry

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The December 7, 1941, attack on <keyword id="12689284" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="pearl-harbor" source="Orion">Pearl Harbor</keyword> thrust the US into <keyword id="11938566" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="world-war-ii" source="Orion">World War II</keyword>.</li><li>Histories of the attack and its aftermath portray a country and a military braced for war.</li></ul>Tuesday is the 80th anniversary of the Japanese attack on <a href="https://www.census.gov/history/pdf/pearl-harbor-fact-sheet-1.pdf" target="_top">Pearl Harbor</a>, which killed 2,400 civilians and sailors, wounded nearly 1,200 Americans, and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-us-navy-aircraft-carriers-avoided-destruction-at-pearl-harbor-2020-12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">damaged or destroyed 19 naval vessels and 328 aircraft</a>.It also thrust an ambivalent nation into World War II.Stories abound of young men joining up after Pearl Harbor. But how did US troops respond when they learned of the attack?Thanks to an Army survey program launched the very next day, we know what was on the minds of GIs in the Army's Ninth Infantry Division, which was stationed at Fort Bragg in North Carolina, the US's largest military installation.President Franklin Roosevelt's declaration of war on Japan on December 8 may have braced many Americans for the fight ahead, but the concerns of most men of the Ninth, it appears, had little to do with events in Washington, DC, or in Hawaii.In fact, getting US troops to take the Imperial Japanese Army seriously was more difficult than some histories of the Pacific war would suggest.<h2>The Army research program that almost wasn't</h2><div type="image" title="Sailors read about Pearl Harbor attak" height="1606" width="2000" msid="88147674" hostid="261"></div>The timing of the survey was purely coincidental. A special study group in the US Army Intelligence Division began developing the questionnaire used at Fort Bragg well before Japan's attack.Scientific opinion polling of the American public was new but rapidly increasing before the war. It wasn't easy to get approval to poll US soldiers — in fact, it almost never happened.Elmo Roper Jr., a highly respected and pioneering pollster, offered the War Department his services. Not only was he turned away, but Secretary of War Henry Stimson prohibited polling outright.For an Army dependent on cohesion, anonymous criticism could only be "destructive," explained the curt press release publicizing the ban.But surveying personnel about their needs, behaviors, and attitudes seemed prudent to Frederick Osborn, a former corporate executive who was helping the military provide morale services to troops.Osborn was an advocate of the social sciences. More decisively for his efforts, he was a childhood friend of Roosevelt. When the chief of the Army Morale Branch stepped down for health reasons in early August 1941, Osborn was tapped as his replacement.An "over-night General," Osborn quickly facilitated a $100,000 grant from Carnegie Corporation, where he was a trustee, to recruit top-notch psychologists and social scientists without putting them on the Army's payroll.<div type="image" title="Navy recruits after Pearl Harbor attack" height="1458" width="2000" msid="88147677" hostid="261"></div>Polling was still banned, but Osborn received approval for a more benign "survey" of soldier morale, called Planning Survey I.Stimson would not have approved had he known, and the Ninth was selected only because a commanding general elsewhere refused to cooperate.The new research team scrambled to conduct the survey, worrying that holiday furloughs might delay it.On December 2, Fort Bragg's commanding general approved, and within two days the team was selecting soldiers for the survey, scheduled for December 8 to 10, and training a small group of other enlistees as "class leaders" to help administer it.The team was doing final training with class leaders and interviewers when news of the attack flashed across the radio. In a second, they knew some questions were now useless.The team completed the survey by the night of December 10, using four recreation halls, a theater, and several day rooms for interviews. Study director Samuel Stouffer started analyzing the 1,878 questionnaires that evening. He would hardly sleep during the following nights.Eighty years after Pearl Harbor, the soldiers' handwritten and multiple-choice responses are available for the first time, thanks to the <a href="https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/tkotwim/the-american-soldier" target="_blank" rel="noopener">American Soldier in World War II</a> project, which has collected and transcribed 65,000 pages of uncensored commentaries.<h2>What was on soldiers' minds</h2><div type="image" title="Army soldiers from Fort Bragg with dates" height="1305" width="2000" msid="88147680" hostid="261"></div>Some respondents felt exactly how we'd imagine they'd feel when they learned of the Japanese attack."Now that Japan has started the war, and the U.S. has declared war, every America Soldier will do his utmost to win this war, and America will win, So help us 'God,'" <a href="https://americansoldierww2.org/surveys/a/PS1.Q118.F.20723456" target="_top">wrote</a> one GI.Judging from the remarks of the 1,030 men who responded to the open-ended prompt on the last page of the survey, the US declaration of war was less than transformative.A few soldiers mentioned Japanese soldiers. "I do not believe there is one man in this army who would back away from any Jap &amp; I know we will die fighting," another enlistee <a href="https://americansoldierww2.org/surveys/a/PS1.Q118.F.20723344" target="_top">wrote</a>.Hardly any called for swift retribution, much less expressed the level of racial animus that histories of the US war with Japan have emphasized.As they were more likely than other Americans to face combat, few of the soldiers appeared eager for war."Don't, for God's sake, take away furloughs right now. Don't get excited about Japan. Be calm and remember that we need furloughs more so now than before. To take away all furloughs now is not needed in this division yet—war organization will take time—and we don't want AWOL's," <a href="https://americansoldierww2.org/surveys/a/PS1.Q118.F.20723717" target="_top">cautioned</a> another respondent.Like this soldier, most men wrote about more immediate personal needs and desires — furloughs, passes, and whether they'd get to go home and life on the base and amenities (or lack of thereof) in Fayetteville, the nearest town.The vast majority wrote about the Army itself and what they thought it was doing wrong.<h2>More ambivalence than hatred</h2><div type="image" title="US Army soldiers in weapons training at Fort Bragg" height="1305" width="2000" msid="88147684" hostid="261"></div>The US government invested heavily in racist propaganda during the war that portrayed the Japanese as brutish. That effort is partially explained by a trend in the Army's survey data that troubled the General Staff: Too many GIs did not consider Japanese soldiers all that formidable, even after <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-army-fort-drum-philippines-saw-fierce-wwii-fighting-2021-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">they defeated the US in the Philippines</a>.American troops massing in England for the November 1942 invasion of North Africa were asked to rank the fighting ability of Allied and Axis soldiers. Russians were believed to be the best, followed by Germans. They ranked Japanese soldiers sixth in a list of eight.Army's leaders attributed soldiers' disregard for Japanese fighting ability to a "deficiency of information."Army Chief of Staff Gen. George C. Marshall — dismayed after reviewing a secret research report on the survey — wanted the details of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/bataan-death-march-photos-from-world-war-ii-2017-4" target="_blank" rel="noopener">the fighting with the Japanese on Bataan</a> to be more widely distributed to illustrate "their toughness, tenacity of purpose, utter willingness to die, refusal to surrender—a general ruthless purpose which only great determination and skill can conquer."Using all the media at its disposal — orientation and information films such as the "Why We Fight" series, short-wave radio programs, servicemen's newspapers, pictorial newsmaps, and graphic posters — Marshall's staff redoubled its efforts to change attitudes.<h2>Attitudes tempered by battle</h2><div type="image" title="Pearl Harbor attack grave" height="1576" width="2000" msid="88147687" hostid="261"></div>Whether the Army's efforts to change perceptions worked is an open question.Soldiers were asked later in the war how much they relied on thoughts of hatred of the enemy when the going was tough. Of soldiers in the Pacific, 38% responded indicated "a lot." Only 27% in Europe said the same.Soldiers may have cultivated hatred of the Japanese to cope and endure. Yet when the veteran infantrymen of the Pacific and European theaters were asked if the Japanese people should suffer after the war, GIs in Europe were more inclined to say yes, while those in the Pacific were not.Of infantrymen in Europe, 58% wanted the Allies to "wipe out the whole nation" of Japan when it was all over. Only 42% of Pacific GIs, still a large share, said the same.Some had gained the appreciation Marshall wanted them to have."There is something I hate to admit, but we did not win our battles because the Americans was better than the Japs. On the contrary, the Jap had it all over us, both Officers &amp; men. It was our superiority in strength &amp; equipment," <a href="https://americansoldierww2.org/surveys/a/S100E.Q65.F.15883916" target="_top">confessed</a> a combat infantry stationed in the Mediterranean.Edward J.K. Gitre is an assistant professor of history at Virginia Tech and director of The <keyword id="12689285" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="american-soldier-in-world-war-ii" source="Orion">American Soldier in World War II</keyword> project.

Uncensored WWII-era surveys show US troops' surprising thoughts about Japan after the attack on Pearl Harbor

<ul class="summary-list"><li>A blue-chip stock is a stock from the market's highest-quality companies, known for their low <keyword id="27263" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="risk">risk</keyword> and reliable performance.</li><li>Blue-chip <keyword id="6354298" type="DEFINITION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Stocks">stocks</keyword> are stable and pay high <keyword id="6500564" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Dividends">dividends</keyword>, but they are typically expensive and don't grow much.</li><li>Blue-chip stocks belong in any well-diversified portfolio, though they tend to be favored by older or more conservative investors.</li></ul><ul class="summary-list"></ul>Investing sometimes gets compared to gambling — something prudent investors and financial pros deny, naturally. But the stock market has borrowed one bit of lingo from casinos and card games: blue-chip stocks.Just as blue chips in poker hold the highest value, so do blue-chip stocks in the stock market. They represent the crème de la crème of equities — the biggest, richest companies. Many of them are household names. Blue-chip stocks provide a way to invest in stable, good-performing corporations with minimal risk. Plus, they usually pay good dividends.<h2>What are blue-chip stocks? </h2>Blue-chip stocks occupy the most venerated strata of the stock market. As leaders in their industries, these companies have strong histories — some are over 100 years old — and deliver consistently strong performance. Whether the market overall is up or down, blue chips prove themselves as steady and reliable investments. As a result, their share prices tend to be high.The blue-chip term came into financial parlance in the early 1920s. According to Wall Street lore, it was coined by a journalist for Dow Jones, Oliver Gingold, as he watched a stock tape ticker reporting trades of shares valued at $200 or more. He promptly dubbed these companies "blue-chip stocks."<h2>What makes a stock a blue chip? </h2>No official guidelines exist around the size and value of blue-chip companies. But they do share some characteristics:<ul><li>Large market capitalization: Blue chips tend to be huge, well-financed corporations. Their market capitalization — that is, the total market value of all their outstanding shares — is in the high billions, putting them in the category of large-capitalization (or large-cap) stocks. The cheapest of these large caps enjoy a value of at least $5 billion; most are north of $10 billion.</li><li>Growth history: Blue-chip companies display years, sometimes decades, of sustained growth and ongoing prospects. Their share prices rarely jump dramatically, but they can show steady appreciation over time. </li><li>Stock index: Blue chips occupy positions in the major market indexes: the <keyword id="70622" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="Dow-Jones-Industrial-Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</keyword> (DJIA), the <keyword id="123873" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="SP-500">S&amp;P 500</keyword>, the Nasdaq 100. A company is often seen to have "made it," blue-chip status-wise, if on one of these lists, which act as bellwethers for the stock market itself.</li><li>Dividends: While not always a feature, many blue chips pay shareholders a good, steady dividend. As mature companies, blue chips focus less on growth than start-ups and other businesses that need to continually seed development. For blue-chips, the freed up cash flow allows companies to share profits with stock owners through dividend payments. As profit margins grow, the dividends often increase as well. </li></ul><h2>Blue-chip stock list </h2>Blue-chip stocks include notable names familiar to almost everyone, a trait attributable either to their long histories or to their positions as industry leaders (or both). Some of them include: <ul><li>Alphabet (GOOGL)</li><li>Amazon (AMZN)</li><li>American Express (AXP)</li><li>Apple (AAPL)</li><li>Bank of America (BAC)</li><li>Coca-Cola (KO)</li><li>Costco (COST)</li><li>Home Depot (HD)</li><li>IBM (IBM)</li><li>Johnson &amp; Johnson (JNJ)</li><li>McDonald's (MCD)</li><li>Microsoft (MSFT)</li><li>Starbucks (SBUX)</li><li>Visa (V)</li><li>Walmart (WMT)</li></ul><h2>Benefits of blue-chip stocks </h2>Investors find a number of benefits in buying shares of blue-chip companies. These include:<ul><li>Low volatility: As big corporations, blue-chip companies benefit from economies of scale and also enjoy revenue streams from multiple products and services. While not immune from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-recession" target="_blank" rel="noopener">economic downturns</a>, well-established blue chips are not easily shaken, even in times of market volatility.</li><li>Dependability and transparency: With their long histories and status as industry leaders, blue chips operate with seasoned management teams. The companies' fame and high profiles tend to keep their operations transparent.</li><li>Rich income: Steady earnings without a need to invest heavily in growth means blue chips can provide steady, strong dividend payments. Next to US Treasuries, blue-chip dividends are the most reliable go-to for income-oriented investors.</li></ul><h2>Drawbacks of blue-chip stocks</h2>On the flip side, the blue-chip features that work as benefits for some investors act as deterrents for others.<ul><li>Low growth: Unless you invested in one decades ago, you won't make a killing in blue-chip stocks. These are mature companies, for the most part — their big-growth days are behind them. They appreciate steadily, but not dramatically. That's the trade-off for their low risk. </li><li>Expensive: No bargains here — blue-chip stocks have been discovered. Because blue chips play in the large-market cap sandbox, the price to buy in on a single share often runs a couple hundred dollars or more. For many younger investors, the share cost far exceeds the level needed to acquire a stock position of any significant size. </li><li>Strong but not invulnerable: Sometimes a sterling reputation can hide the fact that a blue chip is resting on its laurels and failing to innovate. Monolithic corporations can be slow to respond to changing times, consumer demands, and industry trends. Though it happens rarely, blue chips can and do go bankrupt: General Motors and Lehman Brothers are two recent examples. </li></ul><h2>What is the blue-chip index?</h2>Investors seeking exposure to those companies considered most valuable often turn to indexes as a way to slice a piece of the blue-chip pie. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/etf-vs-mutual-fund" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Exchange-traded funds</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/how-to-invest-in-index-funds-explained" target="_blank" rel="noopener">index (mutual) funds</a> focus provide an entry point into blue-chip investing without the cost-prohibitive price.These funds basically track "blue-chip indexes" — that is, the major stock exchange indexes that include individual blue-chip stocks: the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the S&amp;P 500, and the Nasdaq-100. The funds cherry-pick from the exchanges to populate their portfolios with industry blue chips. Across the pond, the New Europe Blue Chip Index tracks 30 of the top stocks traded on the Continent. The DAX Index tracks the top 30 companies on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.<h2>The financial takeaway</h2>The security of blue chips ranks at the top of their appeal to investors. Blue chips' history of weathering even the stormiest of times puts them in a kind of safe-haven category. This gives investors comfort in knowing these stocks emerge less scathed than their counterparts in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-is-a-bear-market" target="_blank" rel="noopener">rocky times</a>. These stock-market stalwarts look especially attractive to older investors, who are often risk-averse, dislike volatility, and seek income from their investments. More often than not, younger investors, who want bigger growth and can take chances, avoid blue chips for these very reasons: the lack of flash and hype, and the high price of their shares. Still, while the weighting varies based on their goals and risk tolerance, all investors can rely on blue-chip stocks as a means to add strength and stability to their portfolios. <h2>Related Coverage in <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/investing-reference" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Investing</a>:</h2><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/why-invest-stock-market" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Why invest in the stock market? Because it can be more dangerous not to</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/how-to-invest-in-stocks-beginners-guide" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How to invest in stocks, even if you're starting from scratch</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/how-to-start-investing" target="_blank" rel="noopener">How to start investing at any age, according to financial planners who know</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/personal-finance/warren-buffett-recommends-index-funds-for-most-investors" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Warren Buffett thinks index funds are the best way for everyday investors to grow their money — here's how you can start</a></h3><h3><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-are-penny-stocks" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Penny stocks are cheap and often see massive gains, but they're also very risky. Here's what you should know before investing.</a></h3>

What are blue-chip stocks? Highly reliable stocks from well-established companies that can add strength and safety to any portfolio

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Associated PressTrader Peter Tuchman works on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, Thursday, June 20, 2019. Stocks are opening broadly higher on Wall Street, erasing the market's losses from May and setting the S&amp;P 500 on course to reach another record high. (AP Photo/Richard Drew)</div></div></div><ul><li>While the market has enjoyed an impressive rally this year, global downside risks are building, the investment firm T. Rowe Price said in a report outlining its outlook at the year's halfway mark.</li><li>The upcoming US corporate earnings season is unlikely to serve as a catalyst that drives stock prices meaningfully higher, T. Rowe's top investment officers said. </li><li><a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/">Visit Markets Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>In the world of investing, sometimes playing the hero and taking a risk can pay off. Now probably isn't one of those times, according to one of the world's largest asset managers.Escalating <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-decision-rate-cut-delay-amid-trade-deal-john-stoltzfus-2019-6-1028302849">trade tensions</a> between the US and China have created an unpredictable stock market environment, and investors would be prudent to take mounting geopolitical risks into consideration, top T. Rowe Price investment officers said in a report."Markets are near highs and risks are rising, so it's not time to be a hero," Rob Sharps, the firm's head of investments and group chief investment officer, said. "It's a good time to be diversified, invest strategically, and have your shopping list ready in case stocks pull back and go on sale."Slowing global economic growth could improve if trade relations between the US and China don't deteriorate further, the firm said. While T. Rowe - which oversees $1.07 trillion in assets - is "generally constructive" on the market through year-end, "risks are building."A bonus just for you: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/try-prime?ms?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest?utm_source=markets&amp;utm_medium=ingest" target="_blank" rel="noopener" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/try-prime?ms&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1560609085229000&amp;usg=AFQjCNFn6kRKsv--pWAFzmE2aDxEpiaN_Q">Click here to claim 30 days of access to Business Insider PRIME</a>Those risks include expectations for a sluggish US corporate earnings season, earnings momentum turning negative in Europe and in Japan, and the potential for <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/big-tech-regulation-wall-street-antitrust-worries-facebook-alphabet-apple-2019-6-1028281786">federal anti-trust regulation looming over big tech</a>."The trade war between the US and China is metastasizing into a technology war," Justin Thomson, the firm's chief investment officer of equities, said in the report. "This could make settlement harder, as both countries may believe that critical technology advantages are at stake."More granularly, the firm made note of the trade war's "corrosive" effect on <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/trade-war-tariff-news-businesses-comment-on-delays-in-investment-2019-6-1028265116">business confidence and capital spending</a>, notably in export-heavy economies like Germany and Taiwan. <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/trade-war-possible-trump-xi-g20-meeting-stock-market-impact-2019-6-1028278377">Investors may find some clarity</a> on the international trade situation later this week when President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping are set to convene at the <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-today-reaction-to-trump-xi-g20-meeting-news-2019-6-1028288938">G20 summit in Osaka, Japan</a>. Now read more coverage from Markets Insider and Business Insider:<a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-forecast-credit-suisse-cuts-earnings-outlook-again-2019-6-1028302524">Fear over big tech's growth and an economic slowdown just forced one Wall Street bull to slash his earnings outlook yet again</a><a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/fed-decision-rate-cut-delay-amid-trade-deal-john-stoltzfus-2019-6-1028302849">One of Wall Street's biggest bulls lays out how a US-China trade deal would reverse the Fed's path to a rate cut and send stocks flying</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/stock-market-investing-strategy-cheap-stocks-to-buy-goldman-sachs-2019-6">GOLDMAN SACHS: An investing strategy that's been left for dead is now poised to triple the market's returns. Buy these stocks to profit from the reversal.</a> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/stewart-butterfield-advice-for-millenials-2015-7">Stewart Butterfield, co-founder of Slack and Flickr, says 2 beliefs have brought him the greatest success in life</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

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