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<ul><li>The students also alleged that they were later detained by the Delhi police and were taken to nearby Civil Lines police station.</li><li>The students gathered near Chief Minister's residence at about 12:00 a.m. asking to meet him to submit a charter of demands </li><li>However at around 3:30 a.m. the Delhi police restored to use of <keyword id="658066" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="water-cannon">water cannon</keyword> over the protesters to disperse the mob. </li></ul>The Delhi police on Wednesday used water cannons on the students of Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and <keyword id="6379311" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jamia-Millia-Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</keyword> (JMI) who were outside Delhi Chief Minister <keyword id="260213" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Arvind-Kejriwal">Arvind Kejriwal</keyword>'s residence asking to meet him to submit a charter of demands over violence in the capital. The students also alleged that they were later detained by the Delhi police and were taken to nearby Civil Lines police station. The students gathered near Chief Minister's residence at about 12:00 a.m. asking to meet him to submit a charter of demands that included the Chief Minister's direct intervention in violence-hit areas and action over the person involved in creating unrest in North-East Delhi. However at around 3:30 a.m. the Delhi police restored to use of water cannon over the protesters to disperse the mob. "Activate all Delhi government services and infrastructure to rescue, provide medical facilities and shelter to citizens," the students demanded in their charter. The students-led by JNUSU Vice-President Saket Moon also urged for action against the culprits involved in the communal violence. "Identify perpetrators of communal violence, including police officials who have participated in it and take action against them," the students said.

Water cannons used on JNU, Jamia students protesting at CM residence

New Delhi, Dec 17 () Union Minister V K Singh on Tuesday said "sponsors" might be encouraging protests by students of Jamia Millia Islamia in the national capital against the Citizenship Amendment Act, and asserted that no Indian citizen would be affected by it. 
 The university had turned into a battlefield on Sunday as police entered the campus and also used force, following protest against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA).
 "With this amendment act, is any Indian citizen being harmed?...I would like to ask every student of Jamia Millia how has it (CAA) endangered your citizenship? Are you a refugee who has migrated after having being prosecuted?," Singh who is the Minister of State for Road Transport and Highways said.
 "My firm belief is that there is more to it than what we are seeing. And behind this, there would be sponsors. There would be somebody who is encouraging this. In our country, misconception spreads faster. First we used to see newspaper and say that if it is printed in newspaper it would be true. Now we see WhatsApp and say it would be true," he explained.
 "We need to be rational... Let us first understand what are they demonstrating against. How is it affecting you? It is not affecting me... Nobody who is an Indian citizen," the former Army chief said.
 Singh was speaking on the sidelines of the conference on 'Smart Border Management 2019', organised by Ficci and India Foundation. 
 The situation remained tense in the university premises on Tuesday as protesters, including students and local residents, converged outside the varsity holding tricolour and placards to continue their demonstration against CAA and National Register of Citizens (NRC).
 Braving freezing cold, they took out small marches outside the varsity, shouting slogans against the government. 
 This is the second consecutive day of peaceful protests after the demonstration on Sunday turned violent. SID ANS
ANS

Jamia Millia student protests might be encouraged by "sponsors": V K Singh

<ul><li>For the last four months, the residents of Delhi have been either stuck in never-ending traffic or walked out of closed metro stations; or looking for ways to keep their children engaged thanks to unexpected school closures. </li><li>All this is happening in the wake of protests, violence, gunfire and a lot more that is stressing out the national capital. </li><li>Here are all the reasons that Delhi is protesting and suffering for, at the same time. </li></ul>For the last four months, the residents of Delhi have been either stuck in never-ending traffic or walked out of closed metro stations; or looking for ways to keep their children engaged thanks to unexpected school closures. All this is happening in the wake of protests, violence, gunfire and a lot more that is stressing out the national capital. The era of protests started much before the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) issue raged on. In early November, students started it as Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) hiked hostel fee. Later, the winter session of the Parliament has left students and citizens alike taking to the streets protesting the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/bullets-glass-and-stones-fly-all-over-north-east-delhi-killing-5-and-injuring-100/articleshow/74294273.cms">Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA)</a>. Recently, depositors of scam-hit PMC Bank staged a protest outside RBI in Delhi asking the banking regulator to take action. Moreso, the victims who saw their savings vanish also said that they would take inspiration from ‘Shaheen Bagh’ protests. Looks like Delhi is not falling short of issues to take to streets about. While most of the above-mentioned issues are resulting in strife across the country, no city is as affected as Delhi which has become the hotbed. Adding to that, most protests are taking a violent turn, and random incidents of gun shots fired by miscreants is not helping Delhi-ites who are already skittish thanks to pollution spikes and inconsistent weather. The residents are unable to keep up a routine either as untoward incidents have been keeping adults from work and children from schools. There have been at least three such incidences where the schools were shut in Delhi. Two months ago, the massive protests against CAA at the Jamia Millia Islamia University had led to closure of schools in South Delhi. And it hasn’t gotten any better since that day. Even today (February 25), the schools will remain shut in the North East Delhi as the intelligence agencies suspect riots in the area. This was after seven people — including a constable of Delhi Police — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/bullets-glass-and-stones-fly-all-over-north-east-delhi-killing-5-and-injuring-100/articleshow/74294273.cms">lost their lives amid the clashes</a>. Here are all the reasons that Delhi is protesting and suffering for, at the same time.

Hostel fee hike to citizenship row — Delhi has been a hotbed of protests for 4 months now

<ul><li>Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI) secured the top rank in the list of <keyword id="9792819" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="top-central-universities">top central universities</keyword> by the Ministry of Education on August 13. </li><li>The Rajiv Gandhi University of Arunachal Pradesh ranked second in the list. Jawaharlal Nehru University was ranked third. </li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/">Check the latest news and updates on Business Insider. </a> </li></ul>The Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI), which was at the heart of the anti-CAA protests in New Delhi in February, secured the top rank in the list of top central universities by the Ministry of Education on August 13, r<a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/jamia-millia-islamia-tops-central-universities-in-government-rankings/articleshow/77515366.cms">eported Times of India. </a>The varsity secured a 90% score. It is the first time that the JMI has been placed among the top 10 universities in the NIRF rankings, the institute said. It has been given the 10th rank in the country in the "Universities" category. Last year, it was ranked 12th. Rajiv Gandhi University, the only central university of Arunachal Pradesh, ranked second in the list. It was followed by Jawaharlal Nehru University (<keyword id="6356383" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="JNU">JNU</keyword>) — which witnessed protests over a fee hike — according to the NIRF rankings. <keyword id="9792818" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="top-central-universities-in-India">Top central universities in India</keyword>, according to the Ministry of Education <ol><li>Jamia Millia Islamia </li><li>Rajiv Gandhi University of Arunachal Pradesh </li><li>Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi </li><li>Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) </li></ol>“All the universities were required to sign a tripartite MoU with MHRD (ministry of education) and UGC for continuous evaluation. Jamia was the first university in 2017 to sign this MoU and present itself for performance evaluation,” JMI in a statement said. Meanwhile, the Delhi University (DU) marginally improved its ranking among the universities and in the "Overall" category. However, it is behind the JMI in both categories. DU rose to the 11th position this year from 13th position last year in the university rankings. Five DU colleges were among the top 10 colleges in the rankings with Miranda House bagging the top honours for the fourth consecutive time, followed by Lady Shri Ram and Hindu College. A total of 3,771 unique institutions had offered themselves for the "Overall", category-specific or domain-specific rankings for the India Rankings 2020. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/not-only-gmail-google-drive-meet-slides-docs-sites-groups-chat-keep-voice-services-also-facing-issue-as-per-google/articleshow/77652103.cms">Google confirms Drive, Docs, Meet and others report issues along with Gmail being down</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/enterprise/news/more-than-half-the-companies-in-india-have-faced-at-least-one-data-breach-since-going-remote/articleshow/77653222.cms">More than half the companies in India have faced at least one data breach since going remote</a>

These are the top central universities in India

<ul><li>The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has called off the Class X and XII exams that were supposed to take place on February 26. </li><li>This is however only for schools in North East Delhi, and the board hasn’t notified the new date yet. </li><li>The announcement came after the violent protests against Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) intensified further for the third straight day. </li></ul>The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has called off the Class X and Class XII exams that were supposed to take place on February 26 — and rescheduled them. But this is only for the schools in North East Delhi. This came after the <keyword id="6355014" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="delhi-high-court">Delhi High Court</keyword> directed the board to do so. In fact, the students too, took to Twitter to complain about the situation in their areas. With curfews imposed in many areas, it may not be safe to travel to the examination centres. The violent protests against Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) intensified for the third straight day today (February 26). “Based on the request of Directorate of Education and to avoid inconvenience to students, staff and parents, the board has decided to postpone the exam scheduled for February 26 in North East Delhi,” CBSE said. Several other leaders in Delhi, including Manish Sisodia and Atishi also urged CBSE to postpone the exam. The exam was scheduled across 86 centres in North East Delhi — both government and private schools. Class X students were supposed to sit down for an English exam while Class XII students had a web applications exam. Before this, there have been at least three such incidences where the schools were shut in Delhi. Two months ago, the massive protests against CAA at the Jamia Millia Islamia University had led to closure of schools in South Delhi. And it hasn’t gotten any better since that day. Now, it is the second day that the schools remained shut in the North East Delhi as the intelligence agencies expect worse in the area. This was after seven people — including a constable of Delhi Police — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/bullets-glass-and-stones-fly-all-over-north-east-delhi-killing-5-and-injuring-100/articleshow/74294273.cms">lost their lives amid the clashes</a>. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/education/news/500-million-school-textbooks-now-provide-digital-content-by-scanning-qr-codes/articleshow/74277189.cms">500 million school textbooks now provide digital content via QR codes</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/delhi-violence-news-and-updates/articleshow/74298031.cms">Delhi violence: Delhi death toll rises to 17 with 186 injured as a mosque burns</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/india/news/hostel-fee-hike-to-citizenship-row-delhi-has-been-a-hotbed-of-protests-for-4-months-now/articleshow/74285135.cms">Hostel fee hike to citizenship row — Delhi has been a hotbed of protests for 4 months now</a>

CBSE exams for Class X and Class XII postponed in 86 Delhi schools due to violence and curfew

<keyword id="1156313" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="The-Film-and-Television-Institute-of-India">The Film and Television Institute of India</keyword> (<keyword id="55490" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="FTII">FTII</keyword>) controversy took an ugly turn today. Its students and alumni, who arrived in Delhi to meet officials of the Information and Broadcasting (I&amp;B) Ministry, were taken into custody for protesting outside it. After more than 20 days of agitation against the appointment of <keyword id="54" type="POSITION" weightage="80" keywordseo="TV-actor">TV actor</keyword> <keyword id="258297" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Gajendra-Chauhan">Gajendra Chauhan</keyword> as the new chairman of the institute, the students came here. The <keyword id="6359715" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="protest">protest</keyword> was supported by students of <keyword id="6360099" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Delhi-University">Delhi University</keyword>, <keyword id="58265" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="80" keywordseo="Jawaharlal-Nehru-University">Jawaharlal Nehru University</keyword> (JNU) and Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI). 

	The FTII students have been boycotting classes, abandoning academic work in protest against Chauhan, who according to them does not have “vision and knowledge” to lead the premiere institution of film-making. 
 

	Nakul Singh Sahani, an independent film-maker and FTII alumnus, said: “The students were holding a peaceful protest outside the ministry at Shastri Bhawan when they were dragged by police and arrested. We came here to arrive at a conclusion and want a fresh selection of a chairman and some governing council members of the institute. We also want a transparent system where we could know how these appointments were done.”
 <keyword id="2933028" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="80" keywordseo="Cinematographer-Saurabh-Vishwakarma">Cinematographer Saurabh Vishwakarma</keyword>, who passed out from FTII in 2004, said: “It is a prestigious institution and the post of the chairman is not one that can be offered to anyone. If a person has achieved eminence in his field and his work has been recognized, then it adds to his credentials. Such person can be appointed as is its head.” 

	Sahani passed out from the Pune-based institute in 2006. He said: “Chauhan has zero credential to be the chairman. The TV actor was appointed as he is associated with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and not because of his depth of knowledge.”
 

	Moreover, there are some members in the FTII governing council who have been selected due to their closeness to Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), he said, asking “do they have any idea about film-making, script writing or can they teach students or plan their syllabus and conduct workshops”.
 “Chauhan doesn’t have the required experience to run the top most institute of film-making, which enjoys certain credibility in India and abroad. How will he lead the institution,” asked Aditi Sharma, film-maker and owner of <keyword id="2933027" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="80" keywordseo="Apple-Box-Films">Apple Box Films</keyword>. 

	She said: "There were eminent people in the field of cinema before Chauhan who occupied this prestigious post. The legacy has to be maintained and respected.”
 The post has been previously held by National award-winning film-maker <keyword id="29916" type="PERSON" weightage="80" keywordseo="Shyam-Benegal">Shyam Benegal</keyword>, veteran actor Vinod Khanna, Kannada writer U R Ananthamurthy, film director <keyword id="222175" type="PERSON" weightage="80" keywordseo="Saeed-Akhtar-Mirza">Saeed Akhtar Mirza</keyword>, among others. 

	This type of political interference is not new to institutions of higher learning in India, Sharma said, adding IITs and IIMs are also its victims. 
 

	Thousands of students sit for the test and compete to get an entry in FTII, said Himanshu Prajapati, second year student of film direction. “People like Chauhan will destroy the credibility of the institute,” he said. 
	 
	(Image: Saurabh Vishwakarma official FB page)

FTII row: students arrested in Delhi for protesting against Gajendra Chauhan’s appointment

<ul><li><keyword id="6358992" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Delhi-Police">Delhi Police</keyword> seeks government help to ensure smooth polling on Feb 8. </li><li><keyword id="8732492" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jungli-Ram-Pahalwan-Stadium">Jungli Ram Pahalwan Stadium</keyword> to be turned into a temporary jail to detain protestors. </li><li>Three incidents of open firing in a week has been reported in the capital. </li></ul>Delhi Police has sought <a href="https://twitter.com/SanjayBragta/status/1225344087961657345?s=20">permission </a>from the government to turn Jungli Ram Pahalwan Stadium, Kanjhawala into a temporary jail for protestors on polling day. If the Delhi government gives a nod, the sports stadium in Nizampur area might be used to detain protestors en masse. The police claim that these protestors could cause unrest during the polling session on Feb 8 in Delhi. As of now, the police arrested 15 protestors and registered three cases against mobs. The capital has been simmering since the Parliament passed the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/news/what-is-citizenship-bill-and-how-does-it-affect-religious-freedom-in-india/articleshow/72362487.cms">citizen amendment act</a> (CAA). Students and citizens alike have been protesting for three months now. As many as 62 police personnel and 127 persons, including 36 students, were injured during the incident, a <a href="https://theleaflet.in/jamia-violence-a-total-of-15-people-arrested-by-delhi-police/">report</a> said. The Union Home Ministry on Feb 4 also informed the Lok Sabha that Delhi Police registered three cases against the mob. The cases pertain to unlawful activities like damaging public property while protesting against the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) around Jamia Millia University. Moreover, the unrest has taken a dangerous turn in the last few weeks. Gun wielding people who are either protestors or supporters of CAA have been threatening law and order in the city. Two cases of firing have been reported near tense areas like Jawaharlal Nehru University and Shaheen Baag, in broad daylight. On Feb 3, two unidentified people also opened fire outside Jamia Millia Islamia University. This was the third such incident within a week and though no injuries were reported, Delhi citizens might be on the edge on polling day. It is just not Delhi that is experiencing the heatwaves of CAA but <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/up-police-files-fir-against-135-arrests-20-anti-caa-protests-azamgarh-1643795-2020-02-06">UP police</a> too registered an FIR against 135 people for allegedly protesting in Bilariaganj area in Azamgarh. Out of this, they named 35 people and the rest are unidentified. The police superintendent Triveni Singh <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/up-police-files-fir-against-135-arrests-20-anti-caa-protests-azamgarh-1643795-2020-02-06">said </a>the protest was led by Tahir Madni, general secretary of Ulema Council national, who was also arrested on February 6. The anti CAA protesters in Azamgarh were using foul language against Hindus and PM Narendra Modi, he alleged. See Also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/elections/news/delhi-election-opinion-polls-predict-an-aam-aadmi-party-aap-win/articleshow/73982756.cms?src=hp_wh">Delhi election opinion polls predict an Aam Aadmi Party win</a>

Delhi Elections: Delhi Police wants to turn a stadium into prison to lock down protestors on polling day

<ul class="summary-list"><li>India's parliament passed a new amendment to its citizenship law earlier this month, providing a pathway to citizenship for Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian religious minorities while singling out its minority Muslim population. </li><li>The amended act has been <a href="https://twitter.com/UNHumanRights/status/1205451656495861761">slammed by critics</a> and has sparked deadly protests around the country.</li><li>The fight that has erupted over the citizenship bill is reflective of the country's <a href="https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/society/article/2124474/india-no-country-muslims">rising tide of bigotry</a> directed towards minorities, in particular, its Muslim population, which makes up about 14% of the country's massive 1.3 billion people.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories</a>.</li></ul>A controversial amendment to a law was recently passed in India, sparking deadly protests around the country and leading some to question the country's democratic values.On December 11, India's parliament passed an amendment to its Citizenship Act of 1955, which sets out guidelines for becoming a citizen in the country. The 2019 revision added a religious element to the bill, providing a pathway to citizenship for Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain, Parsi, and Christian religious minorities who fled neighboring Muslim-majority countries Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. The amended act has been <a href="https://twitter.com/UNHumanRights/status/1205451656495861761">slammed by critics</a> as anti-Islam, and they say it further marginalizes India's sizeable Muslim minority. Violent protests have erupted across the country in response, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-burning-protests-new-citizenship-act-2019-12">resulting in the deaths of six people</a>. Dozens more have been arrested or injured in clashes with police.The fight that has erupted over the citizenship bill is reflective of the country's <a href="https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/society/article/2124474/india-no-country-muslims">rising tide of bigotry</a> directed towards minorities, in particular, its Muslim population, which makes up about 14% of the country's massive 1.3 billion people.The bill has also handed more power to Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Hindu-nationalist government in crafting a country which affords more rights to its Hindu majority and leaves room for further discrimination in the areas of governance and public space. <h2>What exactly does the bill say?</h2>India's Citizenship Act was first established in 1955 and created comprehensive guidelines related to citizenship in the country.It has been amended several times, including at 2003 amendment that authorized the government to keep a national register of all of its citizens (referred to as the NRC). Today, the register has not yet been implemented except in the northeastern state of Assam, which is home to a Muslim-majority population. The most recent changes to the Citizenship Act (often referred to locally as CAB or CAA) were passed by India's lower house of parliament - the Lok Sabha - on December 10, before being cleared by the upper house of parliament - the Rajya Sabha - a day later. The bill was signed into law by President Ram Nath Kovind.The bill was introduced by Indian home affairs minister Amit Shah, a leading member of ‎Modi's right-wing Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, and it promised to provide refuge for persecuted religious minorities from three neighboring Muslim-majority countries who entered India before 2015.Notably, the act excludes Muslim migrants "as they do not face religious persecution in these Islamic countries," India's parliament <a href="https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=195783">said in a statement</a> after the bill's passage. The bill also leaves out two neighboring Buddhist countries, Myanmar and Sri Lanka, which have experienced major refugee crises in recent years. There are about 59,000 Sri Lankan Tamil refugees residing in over 100 camps in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, according to <a href="https://frontline.thehindu.com/cover-story/article30328790.ece">Indian magazine Frontline</a>, and about 30,000 that live outside these camps.The bill also ignores what the <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=22491&amp;LangID=E">UN has deemed the world's most persecuted minority</a>, the Rohingya Muslims, who suffered ethnic and religious cleansing at the hands of the Burmese military in Myanmar. Authorities <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-myanmar-rohingya-india-idUSKCN1AU0UC">have reportedly pledged</a> to deport the estimated 40,000 Rohingya refugees currently residing in India, despite facing danger in their home state. "The only religion that the Modi government follows is the Constitution of India," the statement added.In the statement, Shah "reiterated that the Bill is not against any Minority in India and the rights of each Indian Citizen will be equally protected."The bill does not apply to Assam and other indigenous areas.A spokesperson for the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25425&amp;LangID=E">called</a> the act "discriminatory in nature" and said it undermines India's democratic framework:"The law isn't truly about protecting the region's religious minorities," <a href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/12/17/india-citizenship-law-protests-narendra-modi-amit-shah-founding-fathers/">wrote Ravi Agrawal and Kathryn Salam of Foreign Policy</a>. "Instead, it challenges India's secularism by making religion part of the basis for citizenship."The Citizenship Act has spurred thousands of people from human rights groups, universities and religious groups to come out in protest this month. On December 15, clashes between police and students escalated on two Muslim university campuses - Aligarh Muslim University in Uttar Pradesh and of Jamia Millia Islamia in New Delhi - resulting in police <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/dec/17/india-protests-students-condemn-barbaric-police">using batons and tear gas on students</a>.The unrest has even led authorities to deploy army personnel and <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/curfew-relaxed-few-hours-guwahati-assam-boils-caa-1628386-2019-12-15">impose a curfew in Assam</a>, as protests boil over. <h2>This is not the first time the government has targeted its Muslim population</h2>India's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party has taken steps to further marginalize the country's Muslim population since coming into power in 2014.The NRC's exclusive use in Assam has been derided by critics as a way to of stoking religious tensions. According to a <a href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW18C-01%20MDDS.XLS">2011 census</a>, Muslims makeup nearly 35% of Assam's population, and are a majority in eight of the state's districts. <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/assam-final-nrc-list-out-over-19-lakh-people-excluded-1593769-2019-08-31">In August</a>, 1.9 million people from the region were excluded from the register, effectively stripping them of citizenship. <a href="https://amnesty.org.in/news-update/uncertain-destiny-for-millions-in-assam-post-nrc/">Amnesty International</a> has criticized the NRC and says it leaves the futures of millions of people in the region uncertain.In September, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-building-mass-detention-center-illegal-immigrants-assam-citizenship-2019-9/commerce-on-business-insider">India began construction</a> on a large-scale detention center in the Goalpara district of Assam meant to hold at least 3,000 detainees, according to Reuters. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/kashmir-india-revoke-article-370-quasi-independence-internet-tourists-2019-8">And in August</a>, India also revoked part of its constitution which gave the disputed region of Jammu and Kashmir a special status and quasi-independence. Over the past four months, Kashmir, which is home to a significant Muslim population, <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/kashmiri-artists-resisting-india-months-long-lockdown-191207062705088.html">has been off from communication, held on lockdown</a>, and is now directly under the control of India's federal government in New Delhi. As part of shutting down communication, residents in Kashmir have lost access to phone lines and the internet. According to advocacy groups, the internet shutdown in the region is the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/indias-internet-shutdown-in-kashmir-is-now-the-longest-ever-in-a-democracy/2019/12/15/bb0693ea-1dfc-11ea-977a-15a6710ed6da_story.html">longest-ever crackdown imposed on a democracy</a>. Only authoritarian countries, like China and Myanmar, have experienced longer internet shutdowns.The four-month internet blackout has been so severe that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/whatsapp-kashmir-accounts-removed-internet-blackout-2019-12">WhatsApp is deleting the accounts</a> of residents in the region because they've been inactive for so long. <h2>State-sanctioned discrimination against Muslims has had dire consequences</h2>The Modi government's attitudes and policies towards minority groups has sparked racially motivated clashes, and observers say that the ruling Hindu party has fostered a culture of impunity through its inaction in addressing violence.Shah, who crafted the citizenship bill, <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/india-election-speech/amit-shah-vows-to-throw-illegal-immigrants-into-bay-of-bengal-idUSKCN1RO1YD">vowed in April</a> to throw illegal Muslim immigrants from neighboring Bangladesh into the Bay of Bengal. He has also <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/lok-sabha-2019/story/bjp-amit-shah-hindu-refugees-mamata-bannerjee-1499691-2019-04-11">previously referred</a> to illegal immigrants as "termites." India has also seen an increase in attacks against its Muslim minority in recent months. A February 2019 report from <a href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2019/02/18/violent-cow-protection-india/vigilante-groups-attack-minorities">Human Rights Watch</a> found that between May 2015 and December 2018, at least 36 Muslims were killed across 12 Indian states. Roughly 280 people were injured across 20 states during the same period, the rights group added.In a particularly gruesome case last year, an eight-year-old Muslim girl was kidnapped, raped, and killed in Jammu and Kashmir by a group of Hindu men with the intention of committing the crime <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/six-men-convicted-in-rape-of-8-year-old-girl-that-shocked-india/2019/06/10/cde7b17c-8b5f-11e9-b162-8f6f41ec3c04_story.html">in order to drive away Muslim nomads in the area</a>. The country has also seen a <a href="https://www.trtworld.com/asia/in-southern-kashmir-there-s-little-enthusiasm-for-india-s-elections-26253">crackdown on protests</a>, attacks on the <a href="https://thewire.in/politics/narendra-modi-amit-shah-bjp-india-media">free press</a>, and history books <a href="https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/india-modi-culture/">have been rewritten</a> in favor of Hindu achievements.<h2>India is inching towards fascism</h2>Experts have noted that India is straying away from its democratic values under the Bharatiya Janata Party. "There is absolute political consensus within the Bharatiya Janata Party that India is culturally a Hindu country," Milan Vaishnav, director of the South Asia program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, told the <a href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2019-12-17/citizenship-law-moves-india-closer-to-being-hindu-country">Los Angeles Times</a>. Harish Pullanoor, an editor at Quartz India, <a href="https://qz.com/india/844672/along-with-narendra-modis-rise-india-has-displayed-classic-signs-that-foreshadow-fascism/">wrote</a> in 2016 that India was "displaying classic signs that foreshadow fascism," including the disenfranchisement of religious minorities. "The first appeal of a fascist or prematurely fascist movement is an appeal against the intruders," wrote Umberto Eco, an Italian philosopher, who wrote of a <a href="http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1995/06/22/ur-fascism/">list of features</a> that define a fascist state.In April, several Muslim merchants in Old Delhi described fears of religiously-motivated violence against them. "I could be lynched right now and nobody would do anything about it," Abdul Adnan, a Muslim businessman, told <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/11/world/asia/modi-india-elections.html">The New York Times</a>. "My government doesn't even consider me Indian. How can that be when my ancestors have lived here hundreds of years?"According to The Times, the consensus among Indian activists and liberal political analysts is that the country, under Modi, has become "more toxically divided between Hindus and Muslims.""In plain language, they are what we now call communal fascists," Aditya Mukherjee, a retired historian told The Times. Historian Ramachandra Guha wrote in an op-ed in <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/08/14/india-was-miracle-democracy-its-time-downgrade-its-credentials/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/08/14/india-was-miracle-democracy-its-time-downgrade-its-credentials/">The Washington Post</a> in August that it was time to downgrade India's status as a world-class democracy. "Given the lack of any sort of credible opposition to the Bharatiya Janata Party, the atmosphere of fear among religious minorities and the attacks on a free press, we are now a 40-60 democracy," he wrote of India.

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