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<ul class="summary-list"><li>South Korea is threatening to arm Ukraine in response to North Korea's support for Russia.</li><li>Its weapons stockpiles could make a big difference for Ukraine.</li></ul>South Korea threatened to send weapons and resources to Ukraine in response to its longtime foe, North Korea, escalating support for Russia's invasion.If it goes ahead, it could prove a powerful ally.After an emergency<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-friendship-north-korea-backfired-south-military-troops-weapons-ukraine-2024-10"> National Security Council meeting</a> this week, top South Korean officials condemned North Korea for sending troops to Russia.Their mission has not been made explicit, but Ukraine has said they are there to join Russia's invasion.Officials also briefed news outlets that Seoul could send weapons to Ukraine as part of a series of phased countermeasures.South Korean news agency Yonhap on Tuesday cited security officials who said Seoul could even send military personnel to Ukraine to monitor North Korea's presence in the conflict.Russia's foreign ministry threatened South Korea with "security consequences" should it get involved, Yonhap reported.<h2 id="8030f100-6bcd-42f0-9d67-a514993196e6">A fearsome arsenal</h2>Analysts say Russia has a good reason to be concerned."South Korean weapons could potentially make a significant difference on both Ukraine's defensive capabilities and offensive capabilities," Jeremy Chan, a China and northeast Asia analyst at the Eurasia Group, told Business Insider.South Korea, a US ally, has built a formidable arsenal of weapons in its decadeslong stand-off with North Korea.It includes antiaircraft and anti-missile systems which could help Ukraine defend its towns and infrastructure from Russian attacks, Chan said.There are also "world-class" K9 Howitzer guns, K2 tanks, and multiple-rocket-launcher systems, Chan said.Seoul has already <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/north-korea-south-korea-weapons-are-fueling-war-in-ukraine-2024-6">aided the supply of much-needed 155 mm shells to Ukraine</a>, albeit at one remove.South Korea sent ammo to Western allies like the US and Poland, which freed them up to send their own to Ukraine.Ellen Kim, a Korea expert with the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, DC, told BI that South Korean support for Kyiv could include giving intelligence on North Korean weapons and tactics."South Korea could assist in a psychological warfare campaign against North Korean soldiers who may not want to fight in the war" as well, said Kim.US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin said on Wednesday "there is evidence" that North Korean troops were already training in Russia, and warned against them joining the fight.Experts on the country's military told BI that <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/how-kim-north-korea-stops-troops-defecting-ukraine-russia-brutal-2024-10">soldiers sent there would be put under harsh measures</a> to discourage them from deserting.<div type="image" title="Kim Jong Un and Vladimir Putin stand under a stone gazebo surrounded by people in military dress and others in suits." height="683" width="1024" msid="114584570" hostid="261" sizebytes="76672"></div><h2 id="85fcc947-0229-475c-b487-07c13f903651">South Korea hesitates</h2>Significant obstacles stand in the way of South Korea arming Ukraine, though. Not least is South Korea's long-standing ban on sending military assistance to foreign countries at war.Chan said South Korea's President Yoon Suk-yeol was domestically unpopular and would encounter difficulties repealing the law via South Korea's center-left-dominated National Assembly."North Korea's actions would have to present a clearer and more immediate threat to South Korea's national security before we would expect the National Assembly to authorize export of weapons to Ukraine," he said.Another factor is South Korea's desire to not entirely destroy its relationship with Russia, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-alliance-north-korea-proving-to-be-a-win-win-2024-8">despite its growing fears about</a> the Kremlin empowering North Korea and emboldening its leader Kim Jong Un, said Chain and Kim, the analysts.In return for North Korean shells and military support in Ukraine, the Kremlin has sought to stymie UN inspections of North Korea's nuclear program and could be prepared to hand it sophisticated military technology.<div type="image" title="Yoon Suk-yeol" height="1667" width="2500" msid="114584566" hostid="261" sizebytes="131216"></div><h2 id="3c02c1d5-7079-4090-99e7-db43b9ace220">Entrapment dilemma</h2>Chan said Yoon was figuring out the best way to deter Russia."Seoul believes that the threat to provide weapons gives it more leverage over Moscow than it would have if South Korea were to begin providing weapons directly," he said.Future diplomatic and trade ties are another reason South Korea is hesitating to act — as well as the prospect of being pulled further into the Ukraine war than it intends."There is a possibility South Korea could be shooting at Russians and/or North Koreans, and it would internationalize and widen the war further," Sean McFate, a strategy professor at Georgetown University, told BI."Worst case is it sparks a nuclear war on the Korean peninsula that drags the US and China into armed conflict."But the escalating alliance between Russia and North Korea may soon reach a point where South Korea feels it needs to act.Because of Russia's increasing reliance on North Korea, Kim finds himself in a powerful position to negotiate sophisticated technology in return.Such an exchange, said Chan, could be the red line that compels South Korea to get involved in the Ukraine war and send weapons.Although it has the military power to enable Ukraine to hurt Russia, it's an escalation that comes with real risks.As Ellen Kim put it: "North Korea's involvement dramatically raises the risk of entrapment for South Korea in the war."

If South Korea decides to get involved in Ukraine, it has powerful options

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Russia launched a "massive" attack on Ukraine's power grid overnight.</li><li>Russia has increasingly targeted Ukrainian energy infrastructure as the war has progressed.</li></ul>Russia launched a "massive" attack on Ukraine's power grid overnight as it continues to target the country's energy infrastructure, <a target="_blank" href="https://t.me/energyofukraine/2463">Ukraine's energy ministry announced on Telegram</a>.The latest attack marks the eighth time Russian forces have targeted Ukraine's power grid since March, the ministry added.Ukraine's air force <a target="_blank" href="https://t.me/kpszsu/15703">said</a> Russia launched 16 missiles and 13 drones in the attack, which targeted a number of different regions.While the air force said Ukraine's air defense systems were able to take down 12 of the missiles and all of the drones, two workers were injured in strikes in Zaporizhzhia in southeastern Ukraine, and some equipment was damaged.Russian targeting of Ukrainian energy infrastructure has also caused mass blackouts across Ukraine this year.Russia has switched up its tactics from previous attempts to attack the power grid, aiming to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/russian-bombardment-of-ukraines-power-grid-may-force-millions-to-flee/">strike energy generation infrastructure</a> instead of electricity substations."We urgently need to close our skies or Ukraine faces a serious crisis this winter," Maxim Timchenko, the CEO of DTEK, a Ukrainian energy company, said following the latest attacks, per the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/czvvj4j4p8ro">BBC</a>. "My plea to allies is to help us defend our energy system and rebuild in time."Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has urged Ukraine's allies to provide more air defense systems as his forces attempt to repel such attacks, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-needs-least-seven-patriot-air-defence-systems-zelenskiy-tells-nato-2024-04-19/">saying</a> they required at least "seven more 'Patriots' or similar air defense systems."Ivan Fedorov, the governor of Zaporizhzhia, echoed this in a post on <a target="_blank" href="https://t.me/ivan_fedorov_zp/8596">Telegram</a> following the latest attack."At night, Russians attacked Zaporizhzhia region again," he wrote. "The enemy will not stop. Ukraine needs air defense systems."In April, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-finding-gaps-defenses-ukraine-kyiv-trypillya-west-aid-defense-2024-4">Business Insider</a> reported that Ukraine's low stocks of air defense missiles were leaving even the country's best-protected cities increasingly vulnerable to attack after Russia was able to strike a major power plant near Kyiv.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/11/us/politics/patriot-missiles-ukraine-war.html">The New York Times</a> reported earlier this month that the US had agreed to send a second Patriot air defense system to Ukraine, citing two US officials.Business Insider contacted Ukraine's energy ministry for comment.

Russia launches 'massive' attack on Ukraine's power grid, the 8th in just 3 months, Ukraine's energy ministry says 

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The UK and Germany signed a new defense agreement on Wednesday.</li><li>The agreement includes a commitment to develop new deep-strike weapons.</li></ul>The UK and Germany signed a "first-of-its-kind" defense agreement on Wednesday as the two countries committed to "deepen" their defense cooperation.The agreement includes a pledge to work together on developing new <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-deep-strikes-inside-russia-meant-to-weaken-war-machines-2024-10">deep-strike weapons</a> and new drones, among other things, according to a <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/landmark-uk-germany-defence-agreement-to-strengthen-our-security-and-prosperity">press release</a> from the UK government.UK Defense Secretary John Healey said in a statement that the deal marked "a milestone moment in our relationship with Germany and a major strengthening of Europe's security.""It secures unprecedented levels of new cooperation with the German Armed Forces and industry, bringing benefits to our shared security and prosperity, protecting our shared values and boosting our defence industrial bases," he said.As part of the agreement, the UK and Germany will aim to develop a new weapon system with a greater range and accuracy than current missiles, such as the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-shares-first-video-storm-shadow-missiles-combat-decade-report-2024-8">UK's Storm Shadow</a> and the German-made Taurus, which have ranges of around 155 miles and 310 miles respectively.Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has long asked Western allies to allow the use of such long-range systems on targets deep inside Russia.But the UK has continued to refuse Ukraine such permission, while Germany has repeatedly ruled out sending the Taurus missile to Kyiv.Wednesday's agreement will also see the UK and Germany begin working to equip German Sea King helicopters with modern missile systems and allow German P8 aircraft to "periodically operate" from Scotland to defend the North Atlantic."The UK-German 'Trinity House Agreement' is not only an important element of the UK Government's 'reset' with Europe - it is an elevation of the UK-German defense and security relationship that is far more ambitious than its predecessors," Ed Arnold, a senior research fellow for European Security at the Royal United Services Institute think tank, said in a press statement.It comes as the UK <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-strengthens-national-security-and-bolsters-ukraines-war-chest-with-226-billion-military-loan">announced</a> a new £2.26 billion (roughly $2.9 billion) loan to Ukraine.Business Insider has contacted the UK Ministry of Defence for comment.

The UK and Germany are teaming up on a missile to outclass their powerful Storm Shadow or Taurus     

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The threat to the undersea cables carrying internet data is growing more acute.</li><li>A Russian unit called GUGI is surveilling them, CNN said.</li></ul>Russia's threat to the <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-could-take-out-west-internet-gps-back-up-plan-2024-8">subsea cables the West relies on for the internet</a> is growing more acute amid surveillance from a specialist undersea sabotage unit, a NATO official said.The official told Business Insider that the alliance was stepping up measures to protect the cables in the wake of a report that they're being targeted by Russia's General Staff Main Directorate for Deep Sea Research."Since the start of Russia's war in Ukraine, threats to subsea infrastructure, including oil and gas pipelines as well as data cables have increased," said the source."Allies have long warned of the risk that Russian spy ships and sabotage vessels patrolling subsea cable routes could pose to critical underwater infrastructure."It comes after two US officials told<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/09/06/politics/us-sees-increasing-risk-of-russian-sabotage-undersea-cables/index.html"> CNN on September 13</a> that Russia had deployed a secret submarine unit called The General Staff Main Directorate for Deep Sea Research. Known by its Russian acronym, GUGI, the unit's goal is to surveil and possibly destroy the undersea cables the West relies on for the internet.The cables run for thousands of miles under the ocean between Europe and North America, carrying everything from communications to streaming and financial data.A Pentagon official told BI that "we are aware" of these reports, but had nothing further to add at this time.<h2 id="90cbdaee-3b89-44d0-a1b4-3be5f9ec6ef8">A unit specializing in undersea sabotage</h2>Analysts have long warned that the cables that stretch unprotected for thousands of miles underwater are exposed to being attacked and disabled by Russia.The cables, which carried telegram data during World War I, have long been seen as military targets.But as the world has become more dependent on internet data, the potential for disruption caused by sabotage has become greater.And with relations between Russia and the West deteriorating in the wake of the Ukraine invasion, the Kremlin is signaling that these cables are a legitimate target.Dmitry Medvedev, the deputy chair of Russia's security council, in <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-medvedev-says-moscow-now-has-free-hand-destroy-enemies-undersea-2023-06-14/">June warned</a> that Russia could attack the cables in response to the destruction of the Norstream pipeline.The threat is not idle with GUGI, specifically formed for subversion back in the Cold War, reportedly gearing up its operations.Sidharth Kaushal, an analyst at London's Rusi think tank, told BI that the unit's core aims were "surveillance, espionage, and sabotage," and it operated not as part of the navy but under the direct command of the Russian Ministry of Defense because of the sensitivity of its missions.The unit operates a small fleet of specialist deep water submarines capable of operating at a depth of around 2,500 metres and a surveillance vessel, the Yantar, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2021/08/russian-spy-ship-yantar-loitering-near-trans-atlantic-internet-cables/">which was spotted </a>near sensitive cables off the UK coast in 2019.As <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russias-gugi-submarines-likely-operating-around-undersea-cables-pipelines-2023-7">BI previously reported,</a> GUGI appears to be an elite and difficult-to-join unit. Soviet-era candidates needed to be officers and have at least five years of experience in the submarine service.GUGI members receive "considerable salaries" because the organization treats their "effective salaries as a deployment bonus related to the time they spend at extreme depths," Kaushal said in a report last year. "As a result, in 2012, GUGI personnel were earning 600,000 roubles," or about $20,000, a month.<div type="image" title="Fiber optic cables on the floor of the Mediterranean Sea." height="1500" width="1999" msid="113428436" hostid="261" sizebytes="128368"></div>There is already evidence that Russian units may have tampered with undersea cables, with experts saying that Russian units likely played<a target="_blank" class="" href="https://archive.is/SI8xU#selection-2369.8-2369.26"> a role in the disappearance of miles </a>of the cables near Lofoten off the coast of Norway in 2021.Kaushal said that if a direct conflict breaks out between Russia and a NATO state, GUGI would likely first seek to sever military cables, specifically those enabling the tracking of Russian military submarines.But it could also menace the cables civilian communications depend on as a "useful means of calibrated coercion," he said.Though the cables are exposed to damage in storms or can be accidentally damaged by anchors, an act of calculated sabotage would cause damage on a different scale."Recovering from a deliberate sabotage campaign would take time," Mark Cancian, an analyst with the CSIS think tank in Washington, DC, told BI.<h2 id="11a9f719-8508-4515-8aa5-3b0a191b6b0b">NATO steps up patrols</h2>In a recent report, <a target="_blank" class="" href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/safeguarding-subsea-cables-protecting-cyber-infrastructure-amid-great-power-competition">experts at the CSIS called</a> on countries to intensify efforts to safeguard the infrastructure, warning that "without coordinated international efforts to safeguard these cables, the risks of disruption, espionage, and economic instability will continue to grow."The NATO official said that the alliance had "stepped up naval patrols near undersea infrastructure" and said that "NATO's North Atlantic Council has stated clearly that any deliberate attack against Allies' critical infrastructure will be met with a united and determined response."But Kaushal said that because no Western nations were officially at war with Russia, it was unclear what could be done beyond monitoring the activity of Russian vessels such as GUGI's near sensitive undersea cables."What is more challenging is the question of what rules of engagement exist when suspicious activity is occurring on international waters in peacetime when there is no legal basis to deny Russian platforms access," he said.

A secretive Russian submarine unit could sabotage the subsea network of cables that powers the internet

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If South Korea decides to get involved in Ukraine, it has powerful options

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Russia launches 'massive' attack on Ukraine's power grid, the 8th in just 3 months, Ukraine's energy ministry says

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The UK and Germany are teaming up on a missile to outclass their powerful Storm Shadow or Taurus

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A secretive Russian submarine unit could sabotage the subsea network of cables that powers the internet

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