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New Delhi: India's fossil fuel emissions are projected to rise by 4.6 per cent in 2024, while China could see a marginal rise of 0.2 per cent, according to new research by a group of international scientists. As the UN climate conference in Baku, Azerbaijan, discussed raising trillions of dollars to tackle <keyword id="19907392" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Climate-change" source="keywords">climate change</keyword>, the group of scientists known as the "Global Carbon Project" warned that emissions from fossil fuels -- the main driver of warming -- could hit a record 37.4 billion tonnes in 2024, up 0.8 percent from 2023 levels. This comes despite rapid growth in renewable energy and a landmark agreement at COP28 in Dubai last year to move away from fossil fuels. The "<keyword id="23948569" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Global-carbon-budget-2024" source="keywords">Global Carbon Budget 2024</keyword>" report said total global CO2 emissions are set to go up from 40.6 billion tons in 2023 to 41.6 billion metric tons in 2024, which is on course to become the warmest year on record. "The impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly dramatic, yet we still see no sign that burning of fossil fuels has peaked," Professor Pierre Friedlingstein of Exeter's Global Systems Institute, who led the study, said. The 'Global Carbon Project' team said India, the world's most populous country and fastest-growing major economy, may see its fossil fuel emissions rise by 4.6 percent. According to a UN report released last month, India's greenhouse gas emissions surged by 6.1 per cent in 2023, contributing to 8 per cent of the global total. However, the country's historical contribution to global CO2 emissions stands at only 3 per cent. India's per capita emissions remain low at 2.9 tons of CO2 equivalent (tCO2e), far below the global average of 6.6 tCO2e. India, the world's third-largest greenhouse gas emitter, has pledged to reach net zero emissions (balancing emissions with removals) by 2070 and aims to achieve 500 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity by 2030. China's emissions, which make up 32 per cent of the global total, are likely to increase slightly by 0.2 per cent, though there is a chance they could decline, according to the data released on Wednesday. Emissions from the United States and the European Union, which contribute 13 per cent and 7 per cent of the global total, are both set to decline, with drops of 0.6 per cent for the US and 3.8 per cent for the EU. Emissions from the rest of the world, which together account for 38 per cent of global emissions, could see a rise of 1.1 per cent. The researchers said that in 2024, coal emissions will likely increase by 0.2 per cent, oil by 0.9 per cent, and gas by 2.4 per cent, globally. Coal, oil, and gas contribute 41 per cent, 32 per cent, and 21 per cent of global fossil CO2 emissions, respectively. However, given the uncertainty in projections, it remains possible that coal emissions could decline in 2024, they said. The report also pointed out that emissions from international aviation and shipping, which account for 3 per cent of global emissions and are tracked separately from national or regional totals, are expected to rise by 7.8 per cent in 2024. However, these emissions will still be 3.5 per cent below the 2019 pre-pandemic levels. Globally, emissions from land-use changes, like deforestation, have dropped by 20 per cent over the past decade but are expected to rise in 2024. Permanent CO2 removal through reforestation and new forest planting now offsets about half of the emissions from permanent deforestation, they added. Technology-based CO2 removal accounts for only a tiny fraction -- around one-millionth -- of CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. The report said that emissions from fires in 2024 have been above the average since the beginning of the satellite record in 2003, particularly due to the extreme 2023 wildfire season in Canada (which continued into 2024) and severe drought in Brazil. Land and ocean carbon sinks continued to absorb around half of the total carbon emissions, despite being negatively affected by climate change.

Global fossil emissions to reach record high in 2024; India's share to rise by 4.6 pc: Report

On Monday, July 22, Finance Minister <keyword id="22504403" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nirmal-sitharaman" source="keywords">Nirmal Sitharaman</keyword> tabled the <keyword id="20613906" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="economic-survey" source="keywords">Economic Survey</keyword> 2023-24 in the parliament ahead of the much-awaited budget 2024 tomorrow. In addition to a socio-economic stock take, the comprehensive report also outlines the strides India has made on the environment and climate fronts last year. India is in a weird grey area when the climate blame-game is concerned. We continue to average some of the lowest per capita CO2 emissions in the world. But, being the most-populous country in the world, these small bits add up to make India the third-largest emitter of CO2 in the world, after China and the United States. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111923746" title="Economic Survey 2023-2024 highlights emerging job trends in AI, Cybersecurity, 3D Printing and Web Development" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>However, this is not to say that the country has been sitting the green transition out either. As highlighted in the Economic Survey, India has been making notable strides in tackling climate change and promoting <keyword id="19895783" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="sustainability" source="keywords">sustainability</keyword> — efforts that will be crucial to protect billions in the coming years and decades. Let's take a look at these efforts and compare them with findings from other recent environmental reports to see the full picture. <h2><keyword id="21818512" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="emission-intensity" source="keywords">Emission intensity</keyword> reduction</h2>The economic survey proudly states that India has reduced the emission intensity of its GDP by 33% from 2005 levels by 2019. This means the country is producing less greenhouse gas for every unit of economic activity. This is a commendable achievement because India’s original climate change target — or Nationally Determined Contribution — was set to precisely 33% reduction of emission intensity by 2030, before being revised to 45% in 2022. While the jump from 33% to 45% is still a significant one with barely half a decade to go, this progress is a clear sign that India’s climate policies are having a real impact. <h2><keyword id="19895602" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="renewable-energy" source="keywords">Renewable energy</keyword> capacity</h2>According to the economic survey, 45.4% of India’s installed electricity generation capacity — which includes solar, wind, and hydropower — now comes from non-fossil sources, as of May 31, 2024. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111774972" title="Economic Survey shows India&amp;#39;s energy needs to grow 2.5x, healthy growth in formal employment" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>As per reports by the Ministry of New &amp; Renewable Energy, India added a record renewable energy capacity of 18.48 GW in 2023-2024, with solar installations amounting to 12.78 GW, followed by 2.27 GW of wind energy. However, industry experts have also noted that India Inc. cannot afford to run out of steam now, and must continue to add at least 50 GW for the next six years to meet the target of 500 GW of renewables by 2030. <h2>Indian energy needs</h2>India's energy needs are expected to grow 2 to 2.5 times by 2047, as per the latest economic survey. This necessitates a balanced approach to <keyword id="19951336" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="energy-transition" source="keywords">energy transition</keyword> that considers resource limitations and the need for resilience to climate change. India has suffered from an overdependence on coal and fossil fuels in the past, accounting for around 75% of total energy generation in 2021, as per the Energy Information Administration. However, this number has been quickly falling, even dropping below a historic 50% in Q1 2024. <h2>Sovereign <keyword id="20177085" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="green-bonds" source="keywords">green bonds</keyword></h2>To fund green projects, India issued Rs 16,000 Crore in sovereign green bonds — financial instruments that support green projects at lower capital costs — in early 2023 and another Rs 20,000 Crore later in the year, the economic survey reports. As per the government, these proceeds were utilised in many eco-friendly projects, such as New and Renewable Energy, Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Housing and Urban Affairs, Railways. To widen the investor base, the <keyword id="19899810" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="reserve-bank-of-india" source="keywords">Reserve Bank of India</keyword> (RBI) also recently permitted eligible foreign investors to invest in such bonds. <h2>Mission LiFE and Green Credit Programme</h2>The survey also talks extensively about Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment), which promotes sustainable living, and the Green Credit Programme (GCP), which incentivises eco-friendly actions by offering “green credits”. In the past few months, Madhya Pradesh, Telangana and a few other states have reportedly approved thousands of hectares of degraded forest land for greening exercises as part of the GCP. <h2>International initiatives</h2>India has spearheaded several international initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA), One World, One Sun, One Grid (OSOWOG), the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI), the Infrastructure for Resilient Island States’ (IRIS) and the Leadership Group for Industry Transition (LeadIT). Hundreds of nations are signed up for these climate coalitions and our participation will help reflect India's commitment to advancing global <keyword id="20000756" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="climate-action" source="keywords">climate action</keyword> and fostering international cooperation in sustainable development. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="111923191" title="Economic Survey 2024 – industries grow by 9.5%, fueling economic growth to 8.2%" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>The report even notes that India is currently the only G20 nation who is set not to cross the 2°C warming threshold. All in all, India’s economic survey and environmental reports together show a nation making impressive progress in combating climate change and advancing sustainability. These achievements will hopefully set a strong example for other countries to follow.

On the right track — Economic Survey 2023-24 outlines India’s commendable climate action

<ul class="summary-list"><li>More than 1 billion children are at extreme risk for weather disasters, a <a href="https://www.unicef.org/media/105376/file/UNICEF-climate-crisis-child-rights-crisis.pdf">UNICEF report</a> found.</li><li>The majority of these kids live in countries that contribute the least to <keyword id="11949068" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="carbon-emissions" source="Orion">carbon emissions</keyword>. </li></ul>Tahsin Uddin, a 23-year-old climate activist who lives in the southern city of Barisal in Bangladesh, has already lost one family home to coastal flooding and rising sea levels. Within the next few years, he expects his current home to be submerged under water as well.Uddin is just one of the millions of Bangladeshis and others across the globe facing the brutal consequences of the <keyword id="11896310" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-crisis" source="Orion">climate crisis</keyword>.By 2050, more than 20 million Bangladeshis will be displaced and nearly 20% of the country's land will be underwater because of rising sea levels, a direct impact of the changing climate, according to the<a href="https://www.nrdc.org/onearth/bangladesh-country-underwater-culture-move"> Natural Resources Defense Council,</a> a nonprofit climate advocacy group.Uddin told Insider the impact of those rising sea levels can be seen throughout the country: "I go to different coastal areas. I saw how much people are suffering. They are trying to survive by drinking salty water. Saline water is very dangerous for their health."While the consequences of <keyword id="11896311" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change" source="Orion">climate change</keyword> are pummeling Bangladesh, it contributes very little to carbon emissions.<div type="image" title="Villagers wade through waist-deep waters to reach their homes in Pratap Nagar that lies in the Shyamnagar region, in Satkhira, Bangladesh on Oct. 5, 2021" height="1333" width="1777" msid="87688716" hostid="261"></div>In 2020, more than <a href="https://www.statista.com/statistics/264699/worldwide-co2-emissions/">34 billion metric tons of carbon (CO2) were emitted</a> worldwide, but the countries that contributed the least to that total are already facing some of the most significant impacts of the climate crisis.A <a href="https://www.unicef.org/media/105376/file/UNICEF-climate-crisis-child-rights-crisis.pdf">UNICEF report</a> published in August found more than 1 billion children, nearly half the world's kids, lived in places with a high risk of <keyword id="12019615" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="extreme-weather" source="Orion">extreme weather</keyword> events. The 33 countries where the climate crisis poses the most risk to children contributed only 9% of global CO2 emissions, while 70% of emissions were attributed to just 10 countries.A <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20281">2016 study</a> found 20 of the 36 highest-emitting countries were among the least vulnerable to the effects of a warming climate, while 11 of the 17 countries with low or moderate emissions were significantly vulnerable.Some of the countries with low emissions per capita that are at a high risk include Bangladesh, India, Philippines, and multiple countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and South America.They are facing heat waves, water scarcity, coastal flooding, and water-borne disease, among other hazards, which in turn can lead to poor sanitation, lack of food, scarce income, and deteriorating living conditions. Meanwhile, many of the places currently experiencing these effects lack the infrastructure or resources to mitigate them.Experts and climate activists have said that while countries contributing the most need to reduce emissions, poorer countries are in need of immediate funding to address current challenges.<h2>Heat waves have killed thousands in India in recent years</h2>In the summer of 2019, large swaths of India were <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/world/asia/india-heat-wave-deaths.html">scorched by temperatures</a> greater than 113 degrees Fahrenheit for nearly three weeks. In some regions, officials closed local schools. Medical authorities <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/heat-wave-conditions-in-rajasthan-leaves-of-churu-doctors-cancelled-2049388">canceled time off for doctors</a> to ensure hospitals could handle the influx of patients.Four passengers <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-express-passengers-dead-heatwave-uttar-pradesh-jhansi-1546733-2019-06-11">fell ill on board an express train</a> that lacked air conditioning, and died by the time the train reached a station in Jhansi, south of New Delhi."Shortly after we left Agra, the heat became unbearable and some people started complaining of breathing problems and uneasiness. Before we could get some help, they collapsed," a passenger told <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kerala-express-passengers-dead-heatwave-uttar-pradesh-jhansi-1546733-2019-06-11">India Today</a>.By the end of that summer heat wave, <a href="https://www.indiaspend.com/65-indians-exposed-to-heatwaves-in-may-june-2019-july-2019-was-indias-hottest-ever/">more than 200 people had died</a>. The heat wave of 2015 was far worse, with extreme heat causing the deaths of more than 2,000 people. In the past decade, more than 6,000 people in India have died as a result of excessive heat, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/13/world/asia/india-heat-wave-deaths.html">according to government data</a>.<div type="image" title="In this Thursday, May 30, 2019, file photo, children returning from school walk through a dried pond on a hot summer day on the outskirts of Jammu, India. Many parts of India are experiencing extreme heat conditions." height="3723" width="4964" msid="87688718" hostid="261"></div>"Climate change is leading to more frequent, more intense, and longer heat waves around the world," said Olga Wilhelmi, a scientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, adding that the link has been well-documented.An estimated 820 million children, more than a third of kids worldwide, are highly exposed to heat waves, according to the UNICEF report."Extreme heat is probably one of the least appreciated weather hazards, but it's actually one of the more deadly weather hazards in the US and worldwide," Wilhelmi said. "Studies show that in the US, somewhere on average between 600 and 1,800 people die from extreme heat every year, but we don't usually read about that in the news."Health complications of extreme heat can vary from dehydration to heatstroke. Heat waves can also exacerbate cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Groups at a higher risk include older people, children, people with pre-existing conditions, and those who are lower-income and do not have access to air conditioning.Heat waves can also shut down electric grids when they don't have the capacity to handle the increased demand for air conditioning.<h2>Lack of water leads to poverty and hunger </h2>Water scarcity, the lack of adequate access to clean water, is another way people are feeling the climate crisis.While scarcity can be due to institutional failures to deliver water, in many instances it's due to dwindling water sources or growing populations that need more water. More than a third of kids worldwide, 920 million are currently highly exposed to water scarcity. This issue affects kids in various parts of the world including parts of India, South America, Australia, and the Middle East. For example, while parts of India are at extreme risk of scarcity, the country only contributed to 3.14% of overall emissions in 2019. <div type="image" title="Tonchuiwon Tinphei, 34, right, and her sister-in-law Chirmi carry water in baskets and walk home on the eve of World Water Day in Shangshak village, in the northeastern Indian state of Manipur, Saturday, March 21, 2020." height="1333" width="1778" msid="87688720" hostid="261"></div>Greg Pierce, the co-director of the Water Resources Group: Institute of the Environment and Sustainability at UCLA, told Insider the biggest effect could be felt in rural areas. Pierce said rural areas tend to be poorer and have one water source. Residents are usually already walking long distances to get to that water which may not always be clean. Water isn't just needed for drinking, but for producing and selling agriculture. Water is very much tied to livelihoods. "The scarcity issue makes it harder to do agriculture, which is what most rural populations rely on for livelihoods. So, there's a hunger, inability to grow food and inability to earn any money," Pierce told Insider. "That lack of water leads directly to people starving and that is going to become a lot more common, unfortunately again, in many parts of the world."When those resources dry up, residents would be forced to travel even further or move, further straining resources. While many parts of India are dealing with water scarcity, other regions are also experiencing flooding, Pierce said. However, the flooding comes with other complications and doesn't counter the consequences of water scarcity. <h2>Coastal flooding, which destroys property and resources, is already taking a heavy toll in Bangladesh</h2>In Uddin's home of Bangladesh, rising seas and extreme precipitation have inundated communities with flooding in recent years.The village of Bonnotola, once home to more than 2,000 people, has less than 500 residents left, as the flooding and salt water-tainted soil destroyed many people's homes and livelihoods, the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/climate-science-europe-environment-and-nature-bangladesh-0f2a0a0f463523a162901f1beda23c7e">Associated Press</a> reported.One woman from the village of Gabura told AP everyone used to grow food in their backyards, but that salt water flooding has disrupted the once-fertile lands and freshwater that many relied on."We have water everywhere, but we don't have a drop anymore to drink from ponds or wells," she said.Almost every ocean on Earth is experiencing a sea-level rise, according to William Sweet, an oceanographer at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.One in 10 children, or 240 million, are currently exposed to coastal flooding, according to the UNICEF report. Sea-level rise is exacerbated by extreme rainfall events, which are also a consequence of warming."The same heating that's causing oceans to rise, ice caps and ice sheets to melt, and oceans to expand, is also enabling more moisture to be held within the atmosphere," Sweet said, adding that the result is frequent heavy rains. "The combined effect of course is flooding with nowhere for that water to go."While the threat of entire cities being underwater is the most commonly talked about result of rising sea levels, there are many significant issues that arise well before a city or property is actually underwater."It's not when you're underwater, it's when the system fails," Sweet said, adding that flooding can overwhelm infrastructure and destroy roadways, stormwater and wastewater systems, and people's personal property.He said by the time areas are actually underwater, people are already gone by then, driven out by the flooding.<div type="image" title="Bangladeshi flood victim man carrying their houses by boat during flood in Kurigram, Bangladesh on July 27, 2019." height="1333" width="1777" msid="87688722" hostid="261"></div>Coastal flooding creates more problems where water infrastructure is lacking, Pierce told Insider."Flooding doesn't typically increase water supply. It can have a direct impact on water-borne illness, especially because there's poor sanitation in a lot of places and when there's flooding, it gets into wherever the waste is being contained or into the open sewers and spreads," he said. <h2>Diseases are becoming more prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa and South America because of the climate crisis</h2>As temperatures rise, cities flood and water becomes scarce, there's also a rise of waterborne illnesses with an estimated 600 million children currently exposed to diseases like malaria and dengue fever, according to the UNICEF report. The impact can be most immediately felt in countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South America. Martin Muchangi, AMREF water and sanitation specialist based in Kenya, told Insider he studies waterborne illnesses across much of sub-Saharan Africa, and that a vast majority of people are dealing with water scarcity which in turn is driving up waterborne diseases.Muchangi said the issue is twofold: changing temperatures pushing things like mosquitoes into more places and increasing pathogens that cause diarrhea illnesses like cholera and typhoid and the lack of water leading to poor hygiene and diseases like scabies or glaucoma. He told Insider the problem is leading to harming both people and the economy. "So now at the end of the day, if you combine the sum total, you realize that there's major economic loss, there's serious effects to the health, there's serious effects to the thriving of children," he said. <h2>Many countries facing the worst of the climate crisis also have the least resources to address it </h2>While nowhere on earth will escape the effects of the climate crisis, some countries have infrastructure and resources that make them more prepared to respond.Pierce told Insider many of the impacts can be mitigated with robust public health initiatives and proper infrastructure. Water filtration systems, for example, can mitigate the risks of water-borne disease.Muchangi and Uddin told Insider the countries they live and work in, however, don't have the funds they need to address the issues they're facing. In Bangladesh, Uddin said funding is needed to direct towards researching ways to remove salt from saltwater and towards building infrastructure that can withstand flooding, including fortifying schools, hospitals, homes, and other essential buildings. Muchangi said that while finding ways to mitigate the immediate impacts of the changing climate is necessary, limiting CO2 emissions would greatly reduce the burden."If we are able to alleviate climate change itself, then the effects of climate change are going to become lesser and we are going to be able to thrive in a better way," he said.

Countries contributing the least to the climate crisis are feeling the worst of its effects

The International Panel on Climate Change released their third and final report this weekend, <a href="http://report.mitigation2014.org/spm/ipcc_wg3_ar5_summary-for-policymakers_approved.pdf">warning</a> that population growth and industrialization in the developing world could drive global warming past the point of no return.
Even if it doesn't fall into that particular category, the U.S. could always be doing more toward mitigating its own emissions.
But for what it's worth, it was not among the countries singled out by Oswaldo Lucon, a Brazilian scientist involved in the report, as having been responsible for watering down the panel's latest findings. (He fingered the Chinese, Indian, Saudi Arabian and even his own Brazilian delegation for doing so).
<a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/aei-ideas/carpe-diem/~3/EG_cHojs_QI/">And the following chart from AEI's Mark Perry</a> shows the U.S. has been making significant gains in carbon dioxide reduction: At about 17 tons per capita, we are at a level not seen in half a century. Perry writes: 
CO2 emissions per capita in the US increased slightly last year, but were back to the same level as in 1963 (50 years ago), and 23% below the peak in the early 1970s, thanks to the boom in shale gas, which has displaced coal for electricity generation.
Check it out:
<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image"><a href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/aei-ideas/carpe-diem/~3/EG_cHojs_QI/">Mark Perry/AEI</a></div></div>

US CO2 Emissions Per Capita Are At Their Lowest Levels In 50 Years 

<ul class="summary-list"><li><keyword id="1334" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="China">China</keyword> and <keyword id="3658" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="India">India</keyword> did not make concrete pledges to combat <keyword id="6361617" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate-change">climate change</keyword> during a global Earth Day summit.</li><li>Both countries remained silent on new climate goals despite being among the worlds' top three greenhouse gas emitters.</li><li>Chinese officials defended the move, saying climate change should not be used as a geopolitical tool.</li></ul>Despite ranking amongst the worlds ' top greenhouse gas emitters, China and India declined to pledge new climate goals<a href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2019/07/14/china-us-countries-that-produce-the-most-co-2-emissions/39548763/">. </a>The two countries held back on making concrete commitments to fight climate change at the <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/us-pledges-halve-its-emissions-by-2030-renewed-climate-fight-2021-04-22/">Earth Day climate summit, a virtual meeting of 40 world leaders</a>, even as <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/22/biden-pledges-to-slash-greenhouse-gas-emissions-in-half-by-2030.html">other countries moved forward with their climate pledges</a>. While Biden <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/biden-pledges-halve-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2030-2021-4">pledged to cut the US's greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2030,</a> doubling the US's goals under the Paris Climate Accord - Chinese president Xi Jinping held back from detailing any specific goals that the Chinese could take, as did Indian prime minister Narendra Modi. Xi instead said he would "strictly control" coal-fired plants, as well as limit the increase in coal consumption until 2025, before phasing coal consumption out, following China's five-year plan.According to Chinese cable <keyword id="6355005" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="news">news</keyword> outlet <a href="https://news.cgtn.com/news/2021-04-22/President-Xi-Jinping-s-key-quotes-at-the-Leaders-Summit-on-Climate-ZFU66jdRDO/index.html">CGTN</a>, Xi added the country would "prioritize cooperation on ecological civilization in the joint building of the Belt and Road" to continue "bringing benefits" to all participating countries. Xi coined the phrase "ecological civilization" to describe the Chinese version of sustainable development, a low-carbon framework where humans and nature coexist in harmony. He intends to do this concurrently with the Belt and Road Initiative - a massive project initiated by China to connect 70 countries across Asia, Africa, and Europe, via a web of land and sea networks."We must join hands, not point fingers at each other; we must maintain continuity, not reverse course easily; and we must honor commitments, not go back on promises," Xi said. Meanwhile, Modi, who spoke after Xi, did not offer any new plans for global climate action. Instead, he <a href="https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1713442">emphasized the need for "sustainable development."</a>"Today, as we discuss global climate action, I want to leave one thought with you. <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC?locations=IN&amp;most_recent_value_desc=falsealse">India's per capita carbon footprint is 60% lower than the global average</a> as our lifestyle is still rooted in sustainable traditional practices," Modi said. However, Modi announced that India and the US will <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/need-concrete-action-at-high-speed-and-on-large-scale-to-combat-climate-change-pm/article34386170.ece">jointly launch an energy and climate partnership</a> to work towards having more options for clean technology and energy efficiency.<h2>Chinese officials: climate change should not be used as a geopolitical tool</h2>The <a href="https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3130698/global-climate-summit-xi-jinping-and-joe-biden-united-drive">South China Morning Post</a> reported that Chinese officials came to Xi's defense in a press conference after the summit, saying that climate change "should not be used as a geopolitical tool." "We are at a different development stage than the US and Europe," said Xie Zhenhua, China's special envoy for climate change.Xie said that China was moving faster toward carbon neutrality compared to the US and Europe, despite the "immense difficulties" it was facing in restructuring its economy. He added that Beijing and Washington would continue to talk about climate change, with a possible joint working group on climate change in the works.Climate analysts told the <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-india-complicate-bidens-climate-ambitions-11619116604">Wall Street Journal</a> that while activists were hoping that China would promise a carbon-emissions cap, it was unlikely to happen during the Earth Day summit."Mr. Xi obviously did not want to make any big announcement under US pressure," said Lauri Myllyvirta, lead analyst at the Center for Research on Energy and Clean Air to the Wall Street Journal. China <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/23/world/asia/china-climate-change.html">remains committed to its long-term goal of reaching carbon neutrality before 2060</a> and <a href="https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-xi-targets-steeper-cut-carbon-intensity-by-2030-2020-12-12/#:~:text=ChinaChina's%20Xi%20targets%20steeper%20cut%20in%20carbon%20intensity%20by%202030&amp;text=%22(China's%20new%20target)%20demonstrates,emissions%20between%202025%20and%202030.0and%202030.">reaching peak carbon emissions before 2030</a>. However, the country is by far the world's <a href="https://www.wri.org/insights/interactive-chart-shows-changes-worlds-top-10-emitters">top greenhouse gas emitter</a>, as its CO2 emissions from fossil fuels are almost double that of the US's and three times that of India's.

China and India, 2 of the world's biggest greenhouse gas polluters, stay silent on new emissions targets at global climate summit

<ul class="summary-list"><li>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is advising Americans to drive to work instead of taking public transit or carpooling.</li><li>This is to prevent the spread of the <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword>.</li><li>It counters what scads of public health and environmental programs have advocated for decades. </li></ul>The federal government would like companies to incentivize driving to work — preferably alone. (Employees may also walk or bike to work, if they live close enough.)That's part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's guidelines <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/04/cdc-guidance-against-mass-transit-sparks-fears-of-congestion-emissions.html">released this week</a> on how to adapt to the return of working outside of the home, a practice largely nixed since the beginning of the coronavirus <keyword id="43587" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="60" keywordseo="pandemic">pandemic</keyword> in mid-March.Getting to work without close contact with others, such as through public transit or ride sharing, is preferred, the CDC says. This would help slow the spread of the coronavirus, which has already killed more than 100,000 Americans in 2020. However, <keyword id="58218" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Commuting">commuting</keyword> via carpooling and mass transit is what public health and environmental officials have pushed for decades in order to ease congestion and mitigate the effects of catastrophic climate change.Without intervention, in the next decade, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-in-the-next-decade-2019-11">experts believe we will see</a> irreversible ice-melt flooding cities worldwide, record-breaking temperatures, more destructive hurricanes and storms, and water shortages.One major contributor to climate change is personal <keyword id="34991" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="transportation">transportation</keyword>, particularly in a <a href="https://cotap.org/per-capita-carbon-co2-emissions-by-country/">high-income, high-emissions-producing country like the United States</a>.The US has the No. 4 highest car ownership per capita <a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/10/these-are-the-countries-with-the-most-vehicles-per-person/">in the world</a>. Some 76% of Americans get to work <a href="https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2019/01/commuting-to-work-data-car-public-transit-bike/580507/">by driving alone</a>. But for the other 24%, encouraging them to take a car (or a bike, or walk, if they're close enough) to work could be environmentally hazardous — unless the CDC pares back these guidelines in the coming weeks. "Our roads cannot handle the increase in demand that will come from increased vehicle dependence. Congestion levels will likely become unbearable," University of British Columbia urban planning and public health professor Lawrence Frank <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2020/06/04/cdc-guidance-against-mass-transit-sparks-fears-of-congestion-emissions.html">told CNBC</a>. In New York, where around 30% of residents take mass transit to work, a shift from public transit to cars is already underway. Nearly half of New Yorkers said in a survey that they would not take public transit when the city reopens, according to data researcher Elucd and workplace operator Industrious."Encouraging people, especially those without cars and in congested areas like New York, not to take public transit is misguided," Patrick J. Foye, chairman of New York's Metropolitan Transportation Authority, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/nyregion/coronavirus-commute-nyc-subway-cars.html">told The New York Times this month</a>.

CDC says Americans should ditch public transit for cars because of the coronavirus, and it could push emissions higher than ever

The Energy Information Administration <a href="http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/state/state_emissions.cfm?src=email">has released its tally of 2011 CO2 emissions by state</a>.
The report only included raw data, which puts the most populous states on top, so we broke down the data by millions of metric tons of CO2 per capita.
The top five are:
1. Wyoming (110 millions of metric tons of CO2 per capita) 2. North Dakota (75 millions of metric tons of CO2 per capita) 3. West Virginia (52 millions of metric tons of CO2 per capita) 4. Alaska (52 millions of metric tons of CO2 per capita) 5. Louisiana (48 millions of metric tons of CO2 per capita)
The average was 21 million and the median was 16 million.
Here's the map:
<div class="KonaFilter image-container full click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="Rob Wile, data via EIA" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static3.businessinsider.com/image/530e31c86bb3f71039bbff56-960/screen%20shot%202014-02-26%20at%201.09.07%20pm.png"></a><a href="http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/state/state_emissions.cfm?src=email">Rob Wile, data via EIA</a></div></div> And here's the rank:
<div class="KonaFilter image-container full click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="Rob Wile, data from EIA" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/530e53f76da811d62ae39569-960/screen%20shot%202014-02-26%20at%203.51.38%20pm.png"></a><a href="http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/state/state_emissions.cfm?src=email">Rob Wile, data from EIA</a></div></div>And finally, here's CO2 emissions per capita from transportation sources - the second-greatest source of greenhouse gases behind electric power plants.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container full click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="Rob Wile, data from EIA" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static4.businessinsider.com/image/530e534d6da8116322e3956f-960/screen%20shot%202014-02-26%20at%203.48.03%20pm.png"></a><a href="http://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/state/state_emissions.cfm?src=email">Rob Wile, data from EIA</a></div></div>

These Are The States Contributing The Most To Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Climate Action 15: 2024's top global innovators powering green solutions

Every time you have a discussion with <keyword id="15681942" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chatgpt" source="Orion">ChatGPT</keyword> about why your tummy hurts or when the next season of your favourite show will arrive, the application guzzles down an entire half-litre bottle of freshwater. This helps the <keyword id="107950" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="artificial-intelligence" source="Orion">artificial intelligence</keyword> keep itself cool and composed while it answers your “hard-hitting” questions. Despite this scary bit of information being common knowledge for a while now, the <keyword id="19899640" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="AI" source="keywords">AI</keyword> boom has only gathered more *ahem* steam in recent years. As AI technology advances, the <keyword id="20028292" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="energy-consumption" source="keywords">energy consumption</keyword> of the IT industry is also projected to spike significantly, potentially reaching 3.5% of global electricity by 2030. This is undoubtedly a lot of energy and a mountain of toxic carbon dioxide — levels of emissions we certainly cannot afford at the moment. However, our brains, despite still being far more complex and efficient than current computers, clearly don’t require nearly the same amount of energy to function. To emulate the supreme model organ, scientists have pulled a move straight out of science fiction: they grew brains of their own to hook up to a computer! In a massive development, a Swiss start-up named <keyword id="22019428" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="FinalSpark" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="FinalSpark" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="FinalSpark">FinalSpark</keyword> has launched a '<keyword id="20353366" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="biocomputer" source="keywords">biocomputer</keyword>' that connects to living, pulsing brain cells. Their online platform “taps” into spherical clusters of lab-grown human brain cells about half a millimetre in diameter, which are kept alive via an electrode and a microfluidics system that supplies the necessary water and nutrients. And yes, this system consumes far less energy than traditional, bit-based computers. This innovative approach, referred to as <keyword id="22019427" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="wetware-computing" source="keywords">wetware computing</keyword>, utilises researchers' ability to culture organoids in the lab. Organoids, essentially mini replicas of individual organs, have gained popularity as a research technique alongside the rise of energy-intensive artificial <keyword id="21395212" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="neural-networks" source="keywords">neural networks</keyword> such as ChatGPT. The electrodes can supply electric pulses to the brain organoids and measure how the cells respond. These organoids are exceptional at determining patterns, which is the kind of processing very helpful for computer engineers trying to solve their many problems. During the training process, the <keyword id="22019430" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="mini-brains" source="keywords">mini-brains</keyword> can also be “rewarded” with dopamine rushes and “punished” using electrical stimulation. <cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Far less energy than traditional digital processors" comment="subhead" text="Far less energy than traditional digital processors">Far less energy than traditional digital processors</cmsannotation> FinalSpark claims that their bioprocessors "consume a million times less power than traditional digital processors." To put this into perspective, training a single large language model like GPT-3, a precursor to the latest GPT-4, required 10 gigawatt hours of energy — roughly 10,000 times the per capita energy consumption of an average Indian citizen in 2023. In contrast, the human brain operates its 86 billion neurons with just 0.3 kilowatt hours per day, less than 30 times as much energy as a light bulb! Currently, FinalSpark's system is being used to run lengthy experiments on brain organoids. Researchers can connect to this system remotely, and the mini-brains can be sustained for up to 100 days with their electrical activity continuously monitored. The system is freely available for research purposes, and numerous research groups have already begun using it. However, it may be noteworthy that FinalSpark is not the first to attempt connecting probes to biological systems or programming neural networks to perform specific tasks. In 2023, US researchers built a bioprocessor that connected computer hardware to brain organoids, enabling the system to learn to recognize speech patterns. Another Australian organisation created the DishBrain device that learned to play Pong within five minutes. Looking ahead, FinalSpark plans to expand the capabilities of their platform to manage a broader range of experimental protocols relevant to wetware computing. This includes injecting molecules and drugs into organoids for testing. Whether aiding computing or organoid research, the potential achievements in this field are vast and exciting. The findings of this study have been published in Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and can be accessed <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1376042">here</a>.

You Searched For "per capita emissions" and got 9 results

Global fossil emissions to reach record high in 2024; India's share to rise by 4.6 pc: Report

PTI

On the right track — Economic Survey 2023-24 outlines India’s commendable climate action

Ankush Banerjee

Countries contributing the least to the climate crisis are feeling the worst of its effects

Sarah Al-Arshani,Kelsey Vlamis

US CO2 Emissions Per Capita Are At Their Lowest Levels In 50 Years

Rob Wile

China and India, 2 of the world's biggest greenhouse gas polluters, stay silent on new emissions targets at global climate summit

Cheryl Teh

CDC says Americans should ditch public transit for cars because of the coronavirus, and it could push emissions higher than ever

Rachel Premack

These Are The States Contributing The Most To Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Rob Wile

Climate Action 15: 2024's top global innovators powering green solutions

Insider Inc.

A living computer? This AI made from interconnected "mini-brains" requires a million times less power than ChatGPT!

Ankush Banerjee

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