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The <keyword id="23052276" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jammu-and-Kashmir-Assembly" source="keywords">Jammu and Kashmir Assembly</keyword> turned into a stormy scene on Wednesday as '<keyword id="19971030" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="jai-shri-ram" source="keywords">Jai Shri Ram</keyword>' chants reverberated through the halls, sparking intense clashes over a resolution seeking dialogue with the Centre to restore the special status of the erstwhile state. The resolution was moved to initiate discussions between the central government and elected representatives in Jammu and <keyword id="19896255" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="kashmir" source="keywords">Kashmir</keyword>, a proposal that drew a furious response from <keyword id="20450486" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="BJP-members" source="keywords">BJP members</keyword> who accused the Speaker of bias and lambasted the ruling National Conference (NC) government. In a session marked by vociferous protests and uproarious disruptions, <keyword id="19894848" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="bjp" source="keywords">BJP</keyword> members stormed the well of the House, tearing up copies of the resolution. As chants of "Jai Shri Ram," "August 5 Zindabad," "Vande Mataram," and "Anti-national Agenda Nahi Chalega" filled the air, the session became unmanageable. Shouts of "Anti-Jammu Agenda Nahi Chalega," "Pakistani Agenda Nahin Chalega," and "Speaker Hai Hai" underscored the BJP's strong objections, as the Speaker struggled to keep order. The opposition's objections led to multiple pauses in the proceedings, ultimately resulting in the Speaker adjourning the House for the day, leaving the resolution’s future in question. The conflict grew sharper with statements from BJP leaders who claimed the Speaker had acted with partiality. <keyword id="21045920" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sunil-Sharma" source="keywords">Sunil Sharma</keyword>, Leader of the Opposition, asserted, "We have reports that you (Speaker) called a meeting of ministers yesterday and drafted the resolution yourself." Another BJP MLA, Sham Lal Sharma, went further, claiming the resolution had been prepared "in collusion with the Speaker in a guest house." "The mandate (of the Assembly polls) was in favor of abrogation of Article 370 because we (BJP) got 26 percent votes against NC's 23 percent," Sham Lal Sharma argued, framing the election results as support for the Centre’s 2019 decision to revoke Article 370. Meanwhile, Deputy Chief Minister Surinder Choudhary defended the resolution, emphasizing the need to restore special status. In presenting the resolution, Choudhary declared, "This Assembly reaffirms the importance of the special status and constitutional guarantees, which safeguarded the identity, culture, and rights of the people of Jammu and Kashmir, and expresses concern over their unilateral removal." The resolution also called for the Government of India to initiate a dialogue with the elected representatives of Jammu and Kashmir for the restoration of special status and constitutional guarantees and to devise constitutional mechanisms to achieve these ends. "This Assembly emphasises that any process for restoration must safeguard both national unity and the legitimate aspirations of the people of Jammu and Kashmir," the document added. As the fallout continues, the resolution has stirred deep-seated <keyword id="21391765" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="political-tensions" source="keywords">political tensions</keyword>, exposing rifts within the Assembly and drawing the spotlight back on the long-running debate over Article 370. With the adjournment, the next steps in the contentious issue remain uncertain, though it is clear that passions on both sides are far from subsiding. (With inputs from agencies)

BJP members chant “Jai Shri Ram”, tear documents in Jammu and Kashmir Assembly over special status resolution

NDA nominee <keyword id="19896877" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="Om-Birla" source="keywords">Om Birla</keyword> was elected as speaker of the Lok Sabha for a second consecutive term by voice vote on Wednesday, capping days of intense battle on the issue with the <keyword id="19895395" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="opposition" source="keywords">opposition</keyword> in a rare move proposing its own candidate. <keyword id="19911515" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Prime-Minister" source="keywords">Prime Minister</keyword> <keyword id="19895781" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi" source="keywords">Narendra Modi</keyword>, who moved the motion for Birla's <keyword id="19895095" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="election" source="keywords">election</keyword> as speaker, lauded the balance he showed in maintaining decorum of the House during his previous term. Several opposition leaders, including Rahul Gandhi and Akhilesh Yadav, congratulated Birla too, stressing on "impartiality" and hoping he would allow them to raise the voice of the people and not apply his restraint orders only to opposition benches. Pro-tem Speaker Bhartruhari Mahtab made the announcement of Birla's election after the opposition, which had forwarded the the name of eight-term Congress MP Kodikunnil Suresh as its candidate, did not press for votes to the motion. This is the fifth time that a speaker will serve beyond the tenure of one Lok Sabha. It is also amongst the few occasions that an election became necessary for a post conventionally decided by consensus. As he assumed charge, Birla read out a resolution condemning the Emergency imposed by then prime minister Indira Gandhi in 1975 and asked members to observe a moment's silence, triggering a wave of protests by the opposition. "Democratic values and debate have always been supported in <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="India" source="keywords">India</keyword>... Indira Gandhi imposed dictatorship on such an India. The democratic values of India were crushed and freedom of expression was strangled," Birla said while reading the resolution. His first day in the chair saw the House being adjourned. While opposition members vociferously protested inside, <keyword id="19894848" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="BJP" source="keywords" meta.keywordsubtype="org" meta.entityname="BJP" meta.hostid="261" meta.entityid="BJP">BJP</keyword> members held a demonstration outside <keyword id="19895397" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="parliament" source="keywords">Parliament</keyword> House, raising slogans and demanding an apology from the Congress for the Emergency. Earlier in the morning, after the election, the prime minister and Leader of Opposition Gandhi escorted Birla to the speaker's chair. Gandhi also shook hands with Modi before escorting him. In his address, the first in the 18th Lok Sabha, Modi said Birla's work as a parliamentarian should be an inspiration for new Lok Sabha members. He said Birla presided over a golden era in Lok Sabha history with a number of historic decisions taken during its previous term. Modi lauded the balance shown by him in maintaining the decorum of the House which also involved taking several tough decisions. He expressed gratitude towards Birla for choosing to uphold the values of the House while maintaining traditions. The prime minister emphasised that the functioning of the house, conduct and accountability deepen the foundation of <keyword id="19973112" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="democracy" source="keywords">democracy</keyword> in the country. Congratulating Birla, Gandhi said the opposition wanted the House to function "often and well" and added that it was very important that cooperation happens with trust. "The opposition would like to assist you in your work. I am confident you will allow us to speak in the House," he said. Gandhi also pointed out that the opposition this time represents significantly more voices of the Indian people than last time. Samajwadi Party chief Yadav hoped that actions like suspension of MPs would not be taken as they hurt the dignity of the House. He said he also hoped Birla would be impartial towards the opposition and give its leaders equal opportunities. Trinamool Congress leader Sudip Bandyopadhyay and DMK leader T R Baalu echoed the sentiment. Bandyopadhyay said the functioning of the House always depends on the attitude of the treasury benches. "It is my firm belief and so far parliamentary democratic practice is concerned, the House belongs to the opposition," he said. He referred to the suspension of opposition MPs in the 17th Lok Sabha and said it was "not desirable". "You might have been elected by my BJP friends (but) hereafter there is no politics between you and the powers... You have to treat the opposition and the ruling party in the same manner. Kindly be impartial," added Baalu. Birla, 61, the BJP's MP from Kota, has risen through the ranks of the party. He is a third-term MP from Kota in Rajasthan and been a member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly thrice. "Treasury and opposition benches run the House together, the strength of Indian democracy is in listening to everyone, and running the House with everyone's agreement. I will expect that I run the House with everyone's agreement. Even if there is lone member from a party, they should get sufficient time," Birla said. "It will be my expectation that the House runs without obstruction. We are elected by people with hope, which is why I urge there should not be disruptions in the House." There can be criticism, but obstruction is not a tradition of the House, Birla said. "I never want to act against any member, but everyone wants the high standard of parliamentary tradition to be maintained. For that I have to make tough decisions at times," the speaker said. During the course of the proceedings, Birla intervened several times, reminding members to be precise and raise issues they wanted to during the debate on the motion of thanks to the president's address. He said the members should remember for the next five years that others should take their seat when the speaker is standing, Union Minister and LJP (Ram Vilas) leader Chirag Paswan took a jibe at the opposition for forcing an election for the speaker's post. In many opposition ruled states, he said, the post of both speaker and deputy speaker in the assembly is held by the ruling party. Birla's election follows a rare showdown by both the ruling alliance and the opposition bloc after the effort for a consensus was failed. The opposition's last-minute decision to go for a contest came after senior BJP leaders did not agree to the precondition that the INDIA bloc must be offered the post of deputy speaker in lieu of supporting Birla. "INDIA parties exercised their democratic right and moved motions in support of Kodikunnil Suresh as <keyword id="19990696" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Lok-Sabha-speaker" source="keywords">Lok Sabha Speaker</keyword>... Voice Vote was taken. Thereafter, INDIA parties could have insisted on division. They did not do so. "This is because they wanted to a spirit of consensus and cooperation to prevail, a spirit singularly lacking in the actions of the PM and the NDA," Congress leader Jairam Ramesh said in a post on X. With the NDA having 293 MPs in its kitty and the INDIA bloc 233 in the Lok Sabha, the numbers were clearly in favour of Birla. The Lok Sabha currently has 542 members after Rahul Gandhi resigned from one of the two seats he was elected from. At least three independent members also support the opposition. Balram Jakhar is the only presiding officer to have served two complete terms extending seventh and eighth Lok Sabha.

Om Birla elected for second time as Lok Sabha speaker, opposition hopes their voice will be heard

<ul><li>Congress has given adjournment motion notice in the Parliament, demanding an official statement over the <keyword id="64132" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kashmir-issue">Kashmir issue</keyword>. </li><li>Former chief ministers of Kashmir — Omar Abdullah and <keyword id="6375812" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="mehbooba-mufti">Mehbooba Mufti</keyword> — have been placed under house arrest. </li><li>Internet and mobile services have also been suspended in several areas the government imposed section 144 from midnight.</li></ul>Amid the rising tensions in the states of <keyword id="17605" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jammu-and-kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</keyword>, Congress MPs — including Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, K Suresh and Manish Tewari — have given adjournment motion notice in the lower house of the Parliament, demanding an official statement over the Kashmir issue, ANI reported. Nazir Ahmad of People’s Democratic Party has issued a zero hour notice in the Parliament. Meanwhile, the issue is also being addressed in upper house where Congress MPs — Ghulam Nabi Azad, Anand Sharma, Ambika Soni, and Bhubaneswar Kalita have extended Adjournment Motion notice over Kashmir issue. This adjournment motion is available to draw the attention of the government and criticise its decision in an urgent matter for which a motion or resolution, with notice, would be too late, <a href="http://www.prsindia.org/administrator/uploads/general/1408616558_Primer%20on%20Parliamentary%20Procedures.pdf">according to PRS Legislative</a>. If the adjournment motion is accepted, the House adjourns after voting. The adoption of an adjournment motion is seen as a strong disagreement with government policy, although there is no compulsion on the government to resign. Notice of an adjournment motion is required to be given before 10 am on the day on which the motion is proposed. The Kashmir issue The notice comes in the backdrop of house arrest of the state’s former chief ministers — Omar Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti — on Sunday night. “Will see everyone on the other side. Allah save us,” Abdullah tweeted. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="OmarAbdullah" handlename="Omar Abdullah" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1119946891192438785/Dx6cpA-I_normal.jpg" favoritecount="19389" retweetcount="5891" status="I believe I’m being placed under house arrest from midnight tonight &amp; the process has already started for other mai… https://t.co/CXmcc5Z37c" createdat="1564941648000" id="1158075327333031941"></div>





 The Union Cabinet meeting will commence at 9:30 am today in Delhi. nion Home Minister <keyword id="6355521" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="amit-shah">Amit Shah</keyword> will make announcements on the escalating tensions in Kashmir in the Parliament today. The story so far On Friday (August 2) evening, the Indian government asked <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-india-pakistan-border-in-kashmir-is-simmering-again-thousands-of-amarnath-pilgrims-have-been-sent-back/articleshow/70500904.cms">thousands of Amarnath Yatra pilgrims</a> to leave Kashmir immediately citing a terror threat. Since then, the state has been in confusion and chaos. Making matters worse is a series of speculation by both <a href="https://twitter.com/SankarshanT/status/1157987037938511872">news outfits as well as on social media </a>that has led to people fearing the worst and hoarding food and necessities. The silence from the government in New Delhi, while building up troops in the valley, in the face of rampant speculation has added to the unease, particularly in the Kashmir valley, where Internet and mobile services have also been suspended in several areas as the government imposed section 144 from midnight on Monday.

India’s opposition wants Narendra Modi to reveal his Kashmir plan in Parliament

New Delhi [India], July 20 (ANI): The Monsoon session of <keyword id="6354721" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="parliament" source="Orion">Parliament</keyword> begins on Thursday amidst outrage over the situation in <keyword id="6359754" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="manipur" source="Orion">Manipur</keyword> with the Opposition demanding a statement from the Prime Minister of India. Parliamentary Affairs Minister <keyword id="145705" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="prahlad-joshi" source="Orion">Prahlad Joshi</keyword> has said that 31 bills will be taken up in the monsoon session. Among these include the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023. Other important legislations that are expected to be taken up in the Session are the Bill to replace the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Ordinance, 2023, promulgated in May this year. The ordinance deals with the control of services in Delhi and was promulgated after the Supreme Court verdict on an appeal by the Delhi government. Parliamentary Affairs Minister yesterday said that 34 parties and 44 leaders participated in the all-party meeting convened by the government for smooth conduct of the monsoon session which will continue to till August 11 and will have 17 sittings. Other Bills on the agenda of the government include Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill, 2019; DNA Technology (Use and Application) Regulation Bill, 2019; Mediation Bill, 2021; Biological Diversity (Amendment) Bill, 2022 ; Multi-State Cooperative Societies (Amendment) Bill, 2022; Repealing and Amending Bill, 2022; Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Bill, 2023; Forest (Conservation) Amendment Bill, 2023; Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Third Amendment) Bill, 2022 (with respect to State of Himachal Pradesh); Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Fifth Amendment) Bill, 2022 (with respect to State of Chhattisgarh); Postal Services Bill, 2023; National Cooperative University Bill, 2023; and Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment) Bill, 2023. The list also includes International Monetary Fund and Bank Bill, 2023; Provisional Collection of Taxes Bill, 2023 18; the National Dental Commission Bill, 2023; National Nursing and Midwifery Commission Bill, 2023; Drugs, Medical Devices and Cosmetics Bill, 2023; Registration of Births and Deaths (Amendment) Bill, 2023; <keyword id="6357972" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="jammu" source="Orion">Jammu</keyword> and Kashmir Reservation (Amendment) Bill, 2023; Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill, 2023; Press and Registration of Periodicals Bill, 2023; Advocates (Amendment) Bill, 2023; Mines and Mineral (Development and Regulation) Amendment Bill, 2023. Railways (Amendment) Bill, 2023; National Research Foundation Bill, 2023; Constitution (Jammu and Kashmir) Scheduled Castes Order (Amendment) Bill, 2023; Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2023 and the Constitution (Jammu and Kashmir) Scheduled Tribes Order (Amendment) Bill, 2023 are also among the 31 bills on the agenda of the government. Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, was approved by the Union Cabinet earlier this month. This government had withdrawn Personal Data Protection Bill from Parliament in August last and said that it will come up with a fresh bill. Supreme Court had ruled in 2017 that privacy is a fundamental right and the Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, is a crucial pillar of the overarching framework of technology regulations being framed by the Centre. The previous version of the bill had come after an extensive consultation process with a Joint Parliamentary Committee also examining it. The government has held another round of consultations to frame the new bill. The Bill to replace the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Ordinance, 2023, seeks to establish the National Capital Civil Services Authority, which consists of the Chief Minister, Chief Secretary of Delhi, Principal Home Secretary of Delhi. The Authority will make recommendations to the Lieutenant Governor (LG) regarding transfers and postings of officials and disciplinary matters. While the government is expected to give push to its legislative agenda, the Opposition parties have planned to raise several issues including Manipur violence, railway safety, unemployment, inflation, India-China border standoff and trade imbalance between the two countries. Pralhad Joshi said the government has sought the Opposition's support in the smooth functioning of the Parliament during the Monsoon Session. "The government is ready to discuss all issues in the Monsoon Session. We have appealed to the Opposition parties to support in the smooth functioning of the Parliament," Joshi said after the all-party meeting yesterday. Some of the parties have planned to move an adjournment motion over Manipur violence among other issues on day one of the Parliament's Monsoon Session today. The opposition insisted that the discussion should take place in the presence of Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Congress on Wednesday said that the party will raise Manipur violence during the session. "Today, in the beginning (of the meeting), I kept my point. Our first issue is the violence in Manipur. Prime Minister should come and answer in Parliament. We will bring adjourment motion over the matter tomorrow," Congress leader Adhir Ranjan Choudhary said after attending the all-party meeting. <keyword id="6355187" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="lok-sabha" source="Orion">Lok Sabha</keyword> Speaker Om Birla also chaired a meeting of the Business Advisory Committee ahead of the session. He said, leaders of all parties have assured cooperation in the proceedings of the House. (ANI)

Parliament Monsoon session begins today; 31 bills likely to be taken up

The <keyword id="6354977" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="supreme-court" source="Orion">Supreme Court</keyword> on Thursday issued a slew of directions for speedy disposal of criminal cases against Members of Parliament and Members of Legislative Assembly (MPs/MLAs) and asked High Courts to register a Suo Motu case for effective monitoring and speedy disposal of such cases. A bench of Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud, Justices JB Pardiwala, and Manoj Misra said it was difficult for it to form a uniform guideline for trial courts across the country relating to speedy disposal of <keyword id="16453350" type="General" weightage="40" keywordseo="cases-against-mps" source="Orion">cases against MPs</keyword> and MLAs. The top court left it to the high courts to evolve such measures for effective monitoring of such cases. The bench directed that High Court Chief Justices shall register a suo motu case titled "In Re Designated Courts for MPs and MLAs" to monitor the early disposal of pending criminal cases against lawmakers. It directed that the suo motu case be heard by a special bench headed by the Chief Justice or a bench assigned by him or her. It was further directed that the Special Bench of the High Court may list the matter at regular intervals as felt necessary. The top court said the High Court may issue such orders and directions as necessary for expeditious and effective disposal of the cases. The bench further ordered that the Special Bench of the High Court may consider taking the assistance of the Advocate General or prosecutor to assist it. The apex court also directed that cases against MPs and MLAs that are punishable by death should be prioritised over other cases. Then cases punishable with imprisonment for five years or more will be given priority. It further said that the cases would not be adjourned by the trial court except for rare and compelling reasons. The top court said that the High Court may require a Principal District and Sessions judge to bear the responsibility of allocating the subject cases to such courts. The High Court may call upon the Principal District and Sessions judge to send reports on such intervals, it added. The concerned principal and session judge should ensure sufficient infrastructural facilities are available for the trial of such cases, as directed by the top court. The directions of the top court came on a PIL filed by advocate Ashwini Upadhyay seeking speedy disposal of criminal cases pending against MPs and MLAs. Earlier, the Enforcement Directorate (ED) filed a status report stating that there are 51 MPs and 71 MLAs, sitting and former, who stand accused by the agency of offence under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). The report did not specify exactly how many of those are sitting MPs or MLAs and how many are former MPs or MLAs. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) had also submitted a similar report stating that a total of 121 cases are pending trial against sitting and former MPs and MLAs. The number of MPs involved in those cases is 51, out of which 14 are sitting, 37 are former and 5 are deceased. The report further stated that 112 MLAs are involved in CBI cases, out of which 34 are sitting, 78 are former and 9 are deceased. The number of cases pending investigation against MPs and MLAs by the CBI is 37, according to the report the CBI submitted. Senior advocate Vijay Hansari, who was assisting the apex court in the case as amicus curiae, had highlighted a "glaring case of inordinate delay" in the trial of cases against lawmakers, submitting that many cases were pending for over five years. The apex court had sought a status report from Hansaria relating to the pendency and grant of sanctions for prosecution, the expected time for completion of the investigation and reasons for delay in the same. Hansaria had sought directions to ensure that courts dealing with cases against lawmakers should exclusively try such issues. The plea sought speedy disposal of cases against them and pointed out that while judges and babus were suspended for such activities, politicians were condoned by the law. As of now, convicted politicians have been banned from the polls for six years.

SC issues directions to HCs for speedy disposal of criminal cases against MPs, MLAs

<ul><li>The perception of LAC is different for both India and China, India’s <keyword id="7706628" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="defence-minister-rajnath-singh">Defence Minister Rajnath Singh</keyword> told the Parliament today.</li><li>He accused China of violating the 1993 and 1996 agreement between the two countries by increasing the number of troops and weaponry along the border. </li><li>“Chinese forces have been engaging in violent conduct,” he said.</li></ul>Addressing the Monsoon session of Parliament, India’s Defence Minister Rajnath Singh asserted that the <keyword id="7905649" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="border-issue-with-china">border issue with China</keyword> remains unresolved as of now. “The question of China’s boundary in its customary and traditional alignment is not agreed upon by China,” he said. While India believes the alignment is well-established and goes back to historical usage of the routes and practices, China’s perception of the Line of Actual Control (LAC)differs, according to Singh. China currently lays claim to around 38,000 square kilometers of territory that overlaps with India’s assertions in Ladakh and nearly 90,000 square kilometres in Arunachal Pradesh. “Around 5,130 square kilometers of Indian territory in Pakistan-occupied-Kashmir (PoK) has also been handed over China by Pakistan,” added Singh. It’s due to this challenging situation that India and China need to resolve the border dispute through peaceful negotiations, according to him. “Any disruption of peace and tranquility along the border will have an effect on the bilateral relations between the two countries,” he said. Rajnath Singh accuses China of violating border agreements China has been building up troops along LAC friction points — like eastern Ladakh, Gogra, Kongka La, Pangong Lake's north and south banks — which violates the treaties signed between India and China in 1993 and 1996, according to Singh. The agreements stipulate that the countries will keep their troop deployment to a minimum along the LAC. Until the border issue is not resolved bilaterally, both sides will strictly adhere to and respect the boundaries established. “Chinese forces have been engaging in violent conduct. They have increased troops and weaponry,” said Singh. The fourth month of the India-China standoff, according to Rajnath Singh. [Four months of the India-China standoff, according to Rajnath Singh.] <ul><li>China has been increasing its troops along the border since April. </li><li>In May, China started to interfere with the normal patrolling patterns of Indian troops in Galwan Valley.</li><li>Ground commanders of both countries were engaged in dialogue to try and resolve the issue.</li><li>In the middle of May, China was seen trying to transgress the border at various points of the LAC like Konkala, Pangong Lake, and Dogra, among others.</li><li>We communicated to China that we are aware of their attempts to unilaterally change the status quo, and we stand against it. </li><li>As friction increased, the ground commander met again on June 6 and agreed to disengage via reciprocal actions.</li><li>Despite this, a violent clash was instigated by China in Galwan Valley on June 15. The India side bore losses but also gave a fitting reply to the Chinese side. </li><li>During de-escalation talks, China was engaged in proactive movements along the border in August along Pangong Tso lake. </li><li>Our armed troops thwarted the attempt.</li></ul>India's stand on the border tensions with China Singh revealed that the government has a time-tested and elaborate mechanism for its various intelligence agencies to coordinate. It combines the intelligence branches of the Central Armed Police Force (CAPF), the Indian Army, the Indian Navy, and the Indian Air Force (IAF). He assured the other Members of Parliament (MPs) that the Indian troops are “ready to deal with any situation.” According to him, the 5-point plan agreed upon by India’s Foreign Minister S Jaishankar and his Chinese counterpart Wang Yi in Moscow will be successful, provided China remains faithful in its promise to adhere to the terms set out. “The government will remain committed to this cause in the coming day. We are committed to resolving it peacefully,” he said. “Tents, sweaters, and other supplies have been provided by the government to the armed forces so that Indian troops will be able to continue fighting for the country in terrains where oxygen is sparse, and they have to sub-zero temperatures,” the Defence Minister added. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/rajnath-singh-to-address-parliament-on-india-china-border-row-as-tensions-continue-to-simmer-in-ladakh/articleshow/78118498.cms">Rajnath Singh to address Parliament on India-China border row as tensions continue to simmer in Ladakh</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/tencent-joins-alibaba-and-bytedance-in-making-singapore-its-new-headquarters-after-india-ban-and-tensions-in-the-us/articleshow/78125459.cms">Tencent joins Alibaba and Bytedance in making Singapore its new headquarters after India ban and tensions in the US</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/policy/society/news/for-facebook-and-twitter-the-changes-to-indias-it-amendment-act-is-what-the-doctor-ordered-or-not/articleshow/78121530.cms">For Facebook and Twitter, the changes to India's IT (Amendment) Act is just what the doctor ordered — or not</a>

The border issue with China remains unresolved, India's Defence Minister Rajnath Singh tells Parliament

As tensions in Kashmir escalate, the Opposition Congress is making a move on the central government’s actions. According to ANI, Congress MPs — Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, K Suresh, <keyword id="119952" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Manish-Tewari">Manish Tewari</keyword>, Ghulam Nabi Azad, Anand Sharma, Ambika Soni, and Bhubaneswar Kalita — have given adjournment motion notice over the Kashmir issue. What is an adjournment notice? An adjournment motion notice is given when a government policy is strongly disagreed. This will draw the attention of the government and criticise its decision in an urgent matter before it’s too late, <a href="http://www.prsindia.org/administrator/uploads/general/1408616558_Primer%20on%20Parliamentary%20Procedures.pdf">according to PRS Legislative</a>. If the adjournment motion is accepted, the House adjourns after voting. The adoption of an adjournment motion is seen as a strong disagreement with government policy, although there is no compulsion on the government to resign. Notice of an adjournment motion is required to be given before 10 am on the day on which the motion is proposed. Kashmir issue Since Friday, Kashmir has been on a high alert. The Indian government had cleared the state of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-india-pakistan-border-in-kashmir-is-simmering-again-thousands-of-amarnath-pilgrims-have-been-sent-back/articleshow/70500904.cms">Amarnath Yatra pilgrims</a> and students citing a terror threat. This was followed by surprising political moves like placing former <keyword id="17605" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jammu-and-kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</keyword> chief minister <keyword id="19464" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Omar-Abdullah">Omar Abdullah</keyword> and <keyword id="6375812" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="mehbooba-mufti">Mehbooba Mufti</keyword> under house arrest. Then came the communication censorship as Internet and mobile services were suspended in several areas. The government imposed Section 144 from midnight on Monday, where more than four people are not allowed to assemble. The notice aside, the Union Home Minister <keyword id="6355521" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="amit-shah">Amit Shah</keyword> will make an announcement on their plans for Kashmir in the Parliament shortly at around 11 am. There is heavy speculation that the government is all set to scrap Section 35A in the Himalayan state. The section disallows non-permanent residents to settle down, acquire property to avail of scholarships.

What is an adjournment notice that the Congress is demanding from Modi on J&K

<ul><li>The state of <keyword id="17605" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jammu-and-kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</keyword> no longer has a ‘special status’ in the Indian constitution.</li><li><keyword id="26604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="ladakh">Ladakh</keyword> will be a <keyword id="6356438" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-territory">Union Territory</keyword> (UT) without an assembly and Jammu and Kashmir will be a second UT with an assembly. </li><li>The state’s former chief minister, Mehbooba Mufti — currently under house arrest — stated that India is ‘terrorising its people’.</li></ul>The state of Jammu and Kashmir will no longer have a ‘special status’ in India with <keyword id="405091" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-370">Article 370</keyword> and <keyword id="2945985" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-35A">Article 35A</keyword> being scrapped by Presidential Order. With both articles abolished, the ‘state’ of Jammu and Kashmir no longer exists. It is bifurcated into two parts — the union territory (UT) of Ladakh without an assembly, and the UT of Jammu and Kashmir with an assembly. 
 <div type="image" title="b342d1f5781a33c97584eee69debdc06" msid="70532303" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Statement of Objects and Reasons by India&amp;#39;s Home Minister, Amit Shah&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 Union territories are governed directly by the central government, hence earning them the name. States, on the other hand are administrative units, and have their own governments. Article 370 made the provision for the state to have its own constitution. Article 35A, based on Article 370, allowed the state to choose its permanent residents, provisions to government posts and governing property rights. 
 <div type="image" title="8f37c756ff5ce3d56319fdab452cec76" msid="70532344" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Presidential Order scrapping Article 35A and Article 370 of the Constitution&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 India’s current ruling party, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), has made no secret of its opposition to it, in both of its election manifestos. 
 
 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="We are committed to annulling Article 35A of the Constitution of India as the provision is discriminatory against non-permanent residents and women of Jammu and Kashmir. We believe that Article 35A is an obstacle in the development of the state. We will take all steps to ensure a safe and peaceful environment for all residents of the state." auname="BJP’s 2019 Election Manifesto"></div>







 Prior to the announcement, Kashmir’s former chief ministers — Mebooba Mufti and Omar Abdullah — were placed under house arrest. So was People’s Conference chief Sajjad Lone. After the chaos in the Rajya Sabha and the disclosure of the Presidential Order, Mufti tweeted that the government of India only want to take the territory by ‘terrorising its people’. 
	
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="MehboobaMufti" handlename="Mehbooba Mufti" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/927125035751321601/sDtwINlX_normal.jpg" favoritecount="2543" retweetcount="1103" status="It will have catastrophic consequences for the subcontinent. GOIs intentions are clear. They want the territory of… https://t.co/rHGVrLjPGx" createdat="1564985176000" id="1158257896926240768"></div>







 Abdullah also expressed his outrage in calling the government's actions a 'total betrayal of trust' which may have 'far reaching and dangerous consequences'. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/amit-shah-says-article-35a-and-article-370-giving-kashmir-special-status-will-be-annulled-in-rajya-sabha/articleshow/70530969.cms">Article 370 and Article 35A which give Kashmir a special status will be annulled, Amit Shah tells Indian Parliament</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/section-144-in-kashmir-latest-news-developments/articleshow/70529285.cms">All that's happened in Kashmir over the last 72 hours – from movement of troops to suspension of internet to political leaders under house arrest</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-parliament-debate-on-kashmir-latest-news/articleshow/70530170.cms">India’s opposition wants Narendra Modi to reveal his Kashmir plan in Parliament</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/imran-khan-is-asking-donald-trump-to-intervene-as-promised/articleshow/70529731.cms">Imran Khan is asking Donald Trump to intervene in Kashmir as promised</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/journalists-in-kashmir-get-satellite-phones-after-internet-and-mobile-are-shut-down/articleshow/70530054.cms">Reporters in Kashmir get a satellite phone for ₹100,000 a piece as all other communication devices are shut down</a>

Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh will now be two separate Union Territories

<ul><li>The Indian government has been shutting down internet services in select parts of the country amid protests against the <keyword id="6564012" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="citizenship-amendment-act">Citizenship Amendment Act</keyword> (CAA).</li><li>The internet shutdowns have led an outcry from human activists that such measures aren’t coming down through the ‘right channels’.</li><li>The accelerated pace and expanse of the internet shutdowns also has China citing India as ‘setting an example’.</li><li>Businesses aren’t immune to the effects either as many online retailers rescheduled orders or reported a dip in sales.</li></ul>Amid the protests, violence and discord over India’s newly formed Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), authorities have been shutting down access to the internet in selected areas to control the situation. When the internet isn’t being shut down, it’s at least being slowed down — known as throttling. Human rights activists claim that the order did not come down the ‘right channels’ making the entire exercise ‘illegal’. 
 <div type="image" title="protest2_edited" msid="72931875" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Throngs of anti-CAA protests outside the Red Fort in New Delhi&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 It can only be ordered by a competent authority like Union home secretary or state home secretary, but this order was not issued by them," technology lawyer Mishi Choudhary told <a href="https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/delhi-internet-shutdown-did-not-come-via-right-channel-digital-right-activists/72897911">ET</a>. And, this is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/internet-shutdowns-in-india-have-skyrocketed-but-now-the-indian-government-wants-that-to-stop/articleshow/67178243.cms">not the first time</a> that the government is being accused of using <keyword id="991379" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Internet-shutdown">internet shutdown</keyword> as a ‘quick fix’ solution for ‘potentially’ volatile situations. 
 <div type="image" title="protest6_edited" msid="72931857" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Phone with postpaid connections finally get network access in Kashmir on 14 October 2019 after 71 days of an internet shutdown&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 In fact, India has turned so infamous for it during the last few months that China — known for its strict surveillance of online activity — is citing India as an example. India’s internet shutdown shows normal practice for sovereign countries," said an editorial by Qing Qiu in <a href="http://en.people.cn/n3/2019/1217/c90000-9641267.html">People’s Daily</a> — China’s largest newspaper and a controlled entity of the country’s ruling party. Internet shutdown capital of the world The government is allowed to sanction an internet shutdown in the case of a public emergency under the Temporary Suspension of Telecom Services (Public Emergency or Public Safety) Rules, 2017. The problem is that internet shutdowns have become so common in India that it now has a reputation for being the ‘<a href="https://www.livemint.com/mint-lounge/features/inside-the-internet-shutdown-capital-of-the-world-11575644823381.html">internet shutdown capital of the world</a>’. Kashmiris had to endure a four-month-long shutdown while the networks in Assam and parts of West Bengal were sporadically cut and activated. 
 <div type="image" title="protest7_edited" msid="72931888" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Parts of Kashmir remain under curfew and internet black out&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 Since 2012, the internet has been shut down in India a total of 375 times and most of them have occurred during the last two years — 134 in 2018 and 103 in 2019. It means that shutting down the internet in a state of emergency should be standard practice for sovereign countries," according to the <a href="http://en.people.cn/n3/2019/1217/c90000-9641267.html">People’s Daily</a> editorial. Impact of internet shutdowns The damage of an internet shutdown isn’t restricted to missing messages on WhatsApp or an update on Instagram either. Although, Prime Minister Narendra Modi did ironically try and send out a tweet his ‘brothers and sisters in Assam’ when it was under an internet blackout. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="narendramodi" handlename="Narendra Modi" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1134082549041393672/QbihPzrL_normal.png" favoritecount="77241" retweetcount="15350" status="I want to assure my brothers and sisters of Assam that they have nothing to worry after the passing of #CAB. I wa… https://t.co/VPsj5t5opd" createdat="1576124902000" id="1204981291730341888"></div>



 Internet shutdowns are affecting businesses as well. Between 2012 to 2017, they cost the economy nearly $3 billion, according to an estimate by the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (<a href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/business/2018/apr/26/internet-shutdown-cost-indian-economy-usd-3-billion-from-2012-17-study-1806393.html">ICRIER</a>). This time around, food delivery apps like Zomato, Uber Eats and Swiggy saw their <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/cabs-to-food-e-biz-hit-by-internet-shutdown/articleshow/72920805.cms">volumes dip by 10 to 20%</a> in Delhi. Grofers, an online grocery delivery service, had to reschedule 20,000 to 25,000 of its orders in Lucknow. 
 <div type="image" title="protest1_edited" msid="72931915" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Traffic comes to half as roads get blocked by anti-CAA protestors in New Delhi&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 In addition the effect on businesses, this might not be the best time for the Indian government to be exercising its power in such a way with the Personal Data Protection Bill underway. The bill is currently under discussion by a joint committee after being tabled in the Parliament in its last session. There are concerns that it has too many loopholes that will give the government access to user data in the name of ‘national security’ or a ‘public emergency’ — the very same reason used to justify the many internet shutdowns across the country. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/internet-shutdowns-in-india-have-skyrocketed-but-now-the-indian-government-wants-that-to-stop/articleshow/67178243.cms">Internet shutdowns in India have skyrocketed — but now the Indian government wants that to stop</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/All-the-countries-where-someone-managed-to-shut-down-the-entire-internet-160and-why-they-did-it/articleshow/70009168.cms">All the countries where someone managed to shut down the entire internet - and why they did it</a> <a href="http://businessinsider.in/india-accounted-for-most-number-of-intentional-internet-shutdowns-in-south-asia-2017-18-unesco/articleshow/64189016.cms">India accounted for most number of intentional internet shutdowns in South Asia 2017-18: UNESCO</a>

Indian government shut off the Internet over a 100 times in 2019 — and China is lovin' it

<keyword id="6354495" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="kashmir">Kashmir</keyword> has been a political issue for the longest and as is with such politically charged situations, there are rumors abound. However, for a lot of us, the real timeline is either unknown or has become hazy over a period of time. So, here is a complete timeline of what has happened-bare facts of how the state of Jammu&amp;Kasmir has unraveled over the last seven decades. 
 
 
 
1947 – The British rule ended in India and the nation was divided into mainly Hindu India and Muslim-majority state of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Pakistan&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Pakistan</a>. 
 1947 – The Pakistan tribal army starts attacking the <keyword id="3744025" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="kashmir-region">Kashmir region</keyword> and the Maharaja of Kashmir signs a treaty of accession with India. War breaks out between India and Pakistan over the region. 
 1948 – India raises <keyword id="64132" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kashmir-issue">Kashmir issue</keyword> in the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=UN+Security+Council&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">UN Security Council</a>, which in Resolution 47 calls for a referendum on the status of the territory. It aslo calls on Pakistan to withdraw its troops and India to cut its military presence to a minimum. A ceasefire comes into force, but Pakistan refuses to evacuate its troops. Kashmir is for practical purposes partitioned. 
 1951 – Elections are held in the Indian-administered state of Jammu and Kashmir back accession to India. India feels that this makes a referendum <keyword id="6355835" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="UN">un</keyword>necessary. The UN and Pakistan say a referendum needs to take into account the views of voters throughout the former princely state. 
 
 
 1953 - Pro-Indian authorities arrest and dismiss Prime Minister <keyword id="293003" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sheikh-Abdullah">Sheikh Abdullah</keyword>, leader of the governing <keyword id="43898" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Conference">National Conference</keyword>, as he takes a pro-referendum stance and delays formal accession to India. A new Jammu and Kashmir government ratifies accession to India. 
 
1957 - The constitution of Indian-administrated Jammu and Kashmir defines it as part of India. 
 
 
 1950s - China gradually occupies eastern Kashmir (<keyword id="71796" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Aksai-Chin">Aksai Chin</keyword>). 
 1962 – a war starts between India and China and China defeats India in a short war for control of <keyword id="3978218" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="aksai-china">Aksai China</keyword>. 
 
1963 - Pakistan cedes the Trans-Karakoram Tract of Kashmir to China. 
 
 
 
1965 - A small war between Indian and Pakistan over Kashmir starts and ends in a ceasefire and a return to the previous positions. 
 
1971-72 - Another Indo-Pakistan war ends in defeat for Pakistan and leads to the 1972 Simla Agreement.This turns the Kashmir ceasefire line into the Line of Control, pledges both sides to settle their differences through negotiations, and calls for a final settlement of the Kashmir dispute. The Agreement forms the basis of Pakistani-Indian relations thereafter. 
 
 
 
1974 - The Opposition Plebiscite Front in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir drops demand for a referendum in return for extensive autonomy in an agreement with the Indian government. Sheikh Abdullah becomes chief minister, and his political dynasty continues to dominate the National Conference and state after his death in 1982. 
 
 
 1984 - <keyword id="6354416" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Army">Indian Army</keyword> gains control over the Siachen Glacier, an area not demarcated by the Line of Control. Pakistan has been making frequent attempts to capture the area in the following decades. 
 1987 - Disputed state elections in Indian-administrated Jammu and Kashmir give a thrust to a pro-independence insurgency centred around the Jammu and <keyword id="307591" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kashmir-Liberation-Front">Kashmir Liberation Front</keyword> (<keyword id="94546" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="JKLF">JKLF</keyword>). India also accuses Pakistan of fomenting the insurgency by despatching fighters across the Line of Control, which Pakistan denies. 
 
 
 
1990 - The insurgency escalates after the Indian Army kills about 100 demonstrators at Gawakadal Bridge. Attacks and threats lead to the flight of almost all Hindus from the Kashmir Valley area of the state. India imposes Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) in Jammu and Kashmir. 
 
1990s - The insurgency keeps on continuing, with Kashmiri militants training in Pakistan and India deploying hundreds of thousands of troops in Jammu and Kashmir. It’s the civilians that have been facing violence by both sides. 
 
1999 - India and Pakistan go to war again after militants cross from Pakistani-administered Kashmir into the Indian-administered Kargil district. India repulses the attack, accuses Pakistan of being behind it, and breaks off relations. 
 2001-2004 - Moves to boost relations between the two countries are punctuated by continuing violence, notably an attack on the parliament of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in <keyword id="41568" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Srinagar">Srinagar</keyword> in 2001. 
 
2010 - Major protests erupt in the Kashmir Valley of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir over the summer after a demonstrator is killed by the Indian army. The protests abate in September after the government announce measures to ease tension. 
 2011 August - Chief Minister <keyword id="19464" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Omar-Abdullah">Omar Abdullah</keyword> announces an amnesty for the 1,200 young men who threw stones at security forces during the anti-government protests in the Kashmir Valley in 2010. Indian <keyword id="64385" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="State-Human-Rights-Commission">State Human Rights Commission</keyword> confirms presence of more than 2,000 unidentified bodies in unmarked graves near the Line of Control. Activists say many may be people who disappeared after being arrested by security forces. 
 
 
 2013 February - <keyword id="3978220" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="kashmiri-jaish-e-mohammed">Kashmiri Jaish-e-Mohammed</keyword> member <keyword id="165584" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mohammad-Afzal-Guru">Mohammad Afzal Guru</keyword> hanged over role in 2001 Indian parliament terror attack, prompting protests in which two young men are killed. 
 
2013 September - Prime ministers of India and Pakistan meet and agree to try reduce the number of violent incidents at their disputed border in Kashmir. 
 
2014 August - India cancels talks with Pakistan after accusing it of interfering in India's internal affairs. The decision comes after Pakistan's High Commissioner in Delhi consulted Kashmiri separatist leaders in advance of the talks. 
 During a visit to the disputed border state of Jammu and Kashmir, India's Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> accuses Pakistan of waging a proxy war against India in Kashmir. 
 
2014 October - Pakistan and India exchange strongly-worded warnings, after a flare-up of violence across their common border leaves at least 18 people dead. 
 
 
 2015 March - India's ruling <keyword id="14666" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="BJP">BJP</keyword> party is sworn into government in Indian-administered Kashmir for first time in coalition with local People's <keyword id="155982" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Democratic-Party">Democratic Party</keyword>, with the latter's <keyword id="427966" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mufti-Mohammad-Sayeed">Mufti Mohammad Sayeed</keyword> as chief minister. 
 
2015 September - Muslim separatist leaders in Indian-administered Kashmir close shops, businesses and government departments in protest at the enforcement of a colonial-era ban on eating beef. 
 
2015 November - One person dies in violent protests following a visit to Indian-administered Kashmir by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. 
 
 
 2016 April - <keyword id="6375812" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mehbooba-Mufti">Mehbooba Mufti</keyword>, the leader of the People's Democratic Party (<keyword id="42369" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="PDP">PDP</keyword>), becomes the first female chief minister of Indian-administered Kashmir following the death of her father and party founder Mufti Mohammad Sayeed. 
 
 
 2016 July - Authorities impose an indefinite curfew in most parts of Indian-administered Kashmir after the killing of popular militant by security forces of <keyword id="2931728" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Burhan-Wani">Burhan Wani</keyword>, a popular militant and top commander of the <keyword id="50913" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Hizbul-Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</keyword> group, sparks violent protests. 
 
 
 
2016 August - A curfew in most parts of Indian-administered Kashmir is lifted but schools, shops and most banks remain shut and mobile and internet services remain suspended. At least 68 civilians and two security officials have died and more than 9,000 people injured in over 50 days of violence according to official tallies. 
 
2016 September - India and Pakistan exchange a war of words after 18 Indian soldiers are killed in a raid by gunmen on URI base in Indian-administered Kashmir. 
 
2016 September - India says it has carried out "surgical strikes" against suspected militants along the de-facto border with Pakistan in Kashmir but Pakistan rejects the claims. 
 
 
 
Today: the area is still living under a tension. The civilians are still scared that either the militants or the army will cause them harm. The curfew has led to the loss of lives and business. The main source of income- tourism has been at halt since August. While the nations are still fighting over the land, the leaders have forgotten the fact that there are still people living in that heaven on earth. 
 
(image: IndiaTimes)

Kashmir: The Bare Facts of a region torn into pieces

<ul><li>The 17th Parliament ended the winter session on December 13, 2019 which concluded the parliament’s discussions for the year 2019</li><li>Among the 59 bills introduced, a total number of 45 bills passed becoming law in the year </li><li>Here is a list of the bills passed in both the houses in 2019 with a short overview </li></ul> After the <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> Government came to power for its second consecutive tenure in this summer, the government held its first winter session concluding on December 13, 2019. Together with this session, the government had passed 47 bills in total for 2019. The statistics also makes the recently concluded winter session one of the most productive ones of all the winter sessions of the Narendra Modi government. Nearing the end of 2019, here is an overview of the complete list of all the bills passed in both houses of the parliament which have successfully become laws. 1. The Constitution (One Hundred Twenty-Sixth Amendment) Bill, 2019. Resolves and clarifies some issues that came up over the recent past and aims to strengthen the insolvency and bankruptcy code 2016 framework. 2. The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, 2019 Makes some classes of specified illegal entrants to the country eligible to become Indian citizens. 3. The Appropriation (No. 3) Bill, 2019 The bill authorizes the <keyword id="6355187" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="lok-sabha">Lok Sabha</keyword> to appropriate the funds available in the Consolidated Fund of India for the services of the financial year 2019-20. 4. The Arms (Amendment) Bill, 2019 The bill gives room for giving the maximum punishment of life time imprisonment for manufacturing and transporting illegal arms. 5. The National Capital Territory of Delhi (Recognition of Property Rights of Residents in Unauthorised Colonies) Bill, 2019 The Bill makes it possible to recognize the rights over property of some residents of some unauthorised colonies in Delhi, the National Capital. 6.The Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu (Merger of Union Territories) Bill, 2019 This bill creates room for merging these three union territories in order to bring down administrative costs and ease administration. 7. The Taxation Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2019 Gives some tax concessions in order to boost up the investments in the manufacturing sector. 8. The International Financial Services Centres Authority Bill, 2019. The act sets up a single authority for regulating all financial services in IFSCs in the country. 9. The Recycling of Ships Bill, 2019 Creates room for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. 10. The Special Protection Group (Amendment) Bill, 2019 The bill intends to reduce the special protection group cover only for the Prime Minister, former Prime Minister and all their immediate family members for about 5 years after they step down from their post. 11. The Prohibition of Electronic Cigarettes (Production, Manufacture, Import, Export, Sale, Distribution, Storage and Advertisement) Bill, 2019 The law bans the trading, advertising, storing, and transporting of e-cigarettes on grounds of studies indicating that they might create a new line of nicotine users. 12. The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Bill, 2019. The Bill gives scope for reorganizing the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two Union Territories namely Jammu and Kashmir and Union Territory of Ladakh. 13. The Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Amendment Bill, 2019 This bill increases the number of Supreme Court judges from 30 to 33. 14. The Chit Funds (Amendment) Bill, 2019 This bill is meant to streamline the operations of collective funds management in the country. 15. The National Institute of Design (Amendment) Bill, 2019 The aim of the bill is to declare four national institutes of design across four states (Assam, Haryana, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh) as institutions of national importance. 16. The Companies (Amendment) Bill, 2019 The ordinance makes it possible for some domestic companies to move to a lower income tax rate provided they do not claim some kinds of deductions. 17. The Repealing and Amending Bill, 2019 This bill repeals 68 Acts in whole and makes some small amendments to (i) the Beedi Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1976, and (ii) the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2001. 18. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2019 This amendment aims to remove the challenges, streamlines the insolvency resolution process in the corporate world and protects the last mile funding for boosting up the investments in the financially affected sectors. 19. The Codes on Wages, 2019 The ordinance seeks to create a floor wage as the guideline across the country for fixing the minimum wages to different classes of workers. 20. The National Medical Commission Bill, 2019 He bill paves way for replacing the MCI with a new body since it is fond plagued with corruption. 21. The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2019 The provisions of the bill aims to prevent discrimination of transgender persons in the society. 22. The Banning of Unregulated Deposit Schemes Bill, 2019 Tis bill brings in a mechanism for banning the unregulated schemes for deposit in order to take care of the interests of the depositors. 23. The Right to Information (Amendment) Bill, 2019 The bill alters the terms and conditions governing the offices of the Chief Information Commissioner. 24. The Protection of Children from sexual Offences (Amendment) Bill 2019 The bill intends to protect children from sexual harassment, sexual assault and pornography. 25. The Appropriation (No. 2) Bill, 2019 This bill permits the government to borrow Rs 98.18 crore for the Consolidated fund of India to meet the country’s expenditure in 2019-20. 26. The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Bill,2019 A measure to bring down accidents due to negligent driving, the act increases the penalties for driving errors. 27. The Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Bill,2019 Seeks to make the arbitration processes friendly and robust with a focus on easing the doing of business in the country. 28. The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Bill,2019 Meant to increase the threshold of airports in India, the bill changes the definition of what is a major airport in the country. 29. The Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Bill, 2019 Ventures to bring in a tough law to uproot terrorist activities in the country. 30. The National Investigation Agency (Amendment) Bill, 2019 Projecting the government zero tolerance policy towards terrorism, the bill seeks to broaden NIA’s powers and prosecute the offenders in a stricter way. 31. The Protection of Human Rights (Amendment) Bill, 2019 Advancing the interests of protecting human rights, the bill creates room for the establishment of National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), State Human Rights Commissions (SHRC), as well as Human Rights Courts. 32. The Consumer Protection Bill, 2019 Replacing the outdated consumer protection laws, this bill tightens the rules to further protect the interests of the customers in India. 33. The Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorized Occupants) Amendment Bill, 2019 This ordinance creates room for evicting unauthorized occupants from certain public places. 34. The Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial (Amendment) Bill, 2019 The law seeks to lift the party politics in the national memorial and create a new trust to administer the site. 35. The Central Universities (Amendment)Bill,2019 The bill was passed to give room for the creation of a central university and a tribal university in the state of Andhra Pradesh. 36. The Finance (No. 2) Bill, 2019 This law amends the earlier income tax act and reduces the corporate taxes. 37. The New Delhi International Arbitration center Bill, 2019 Gives room to create a centralized and independent arbitration enter in India to manage arbitrations in the country in a better way. 38. The Jammu and Kashmir Reservation (Amendment) Bill, 2019 This act makes it possible to make reservations in the state and central government posts and seats in educational institutions for the people of Jammu and Kashmir. 39. The Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Teachers Cadre) Bill, 2019 Creates room for reserving the teaching positions for SC, ST, economically weaker and socially and environmentally weaker persons in the Central Educational Institutions. 40. The Indian Medical Council (Amendment) Bill, 2019 This act creates a Medical Council of India to regulate the education and practice of medicine in India. 41. The Dentists (Amendment) Bill, 2019 In order to regulate the profession of dentistry in India, the act creates (i) the Dental Council of India, (ii) State Dental Councils, and (iii) Joint State Dental Councils. 42. The Aadhaar and Other Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2019 The law regulates, clarifies and amends some procedures related to Aadhaar in a way of easing and streamlining the use of Aadhaar identity card in India. 43. The Special Economic Zones (Amendment) Bill, 2019 Creates room for establishing, managing and developing special economic zones in the country. 44. The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Bill, 2019 The bill declares that all kinds of talaq both verbal and written as illegal in order to safeguard the interests of the Muslim women in the country. 45. The Homoeopathy Central Council (Amendment) Bill, 2019 This ordinance amends the Homepathy Central Council Act, 1973 and sets up a council to regulate the practice of Homeopathy in India.

List of new bills passed In 2019 in parliament by Narendra Modi govt

Full text of President Ram Nath Kovind's first address to the Parliament as the 17th Lok Sabha gets underway

<ul><li>The government of Jammu and Kashmir just asked pilgrims visiting the state on the Amarnath Yatra to leave as soon as possible because of ‘terrorist threats’.</li><li>Over the past week, the Indian government has deployed a total of 38,000 additional troops in the state.</li><li>Indian Air Force (IAF) planes have been seen flying overhead, including the C-17 heavy lift aircraft normally used to transport troops from one location to another.</li></ul> <keyword id="2945985" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Article-35A">Article 35A</keyword> of the Indian constitution contains a provision that sanctions the Legislature of Jammu and Kashmir the complete freedom to decide who will be the permanent residents of the state. As per the powers conferred by Article 35A, the state legislature can confer exclusive rights on these permanent residents in matters of property ownership, jobs in the public and private sector, scholarships, aids and other government grants and benefits. The provision contained in this article mandates that the laws made under this article by the state cannot be questioned for violating the constitution or any other laws of the land. History of Article 35A In response to the advice from the Jawaharlal cabinet, Article 35A got included into the Constitution of India in 1954 through an order issued by the then President Rajendra Prasad. The controversial Constitution included in 1954 came about after the Delhi Agreement signed in 1952 between Jawaharlal Nehru and the then Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Sheikh Abdullah. This agreement extended the Indian citizenship to Jammu and Kashmir’s state subjects. Background of Article 35A The Presidential Order that brought about Article 35A was enacted under Article 370 (1) (d) of the Indian Constitution. As per this provision, the President has the powers to make some “exceptions and modifications” to the Constitution to ensure the welfare of ‘State subjects’ of Jammu and Kashmir. Hence, Article 35A was incorporated into the Constitution of India as a proof of the special attention the Indian government rendered to the ‘permanent residents’ of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Why the Article 35A in news? While the government of India is taking serious steps to bring about permanent peace in Kashmir, it has been said that the parliamentary route to making laws was found to be bypassed when the President ordered for the inclusion of Article 35A in the Indian constitution. The Nehru government did not take steps to place it for discussion in the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. In March 1961, a five member bench of the Supreme Court discussed the powers of the President under Article 370 to modify the Constitution. Though the court accepted that the President has powers to modify a provision that exists in the constitution, the judges did not comment anything about whether the President can introduce a new article without the knowledge of the Parliament. Challenging the validity of Article 35A ‘We The Citizens’, an NGO has filed a petition challenging the validity of Articles 35A and 370. They argued that while four representatives from Kashmir were present in the constituent assembly that oversaw the drafting of Constitution, no special status was given to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Article 370 was intended only as a temporary measure to bring about normalcy in Jammu and Kashmir and empower the democracy in the state. Hence Article 370 cannot be used to make a new Article 35A. Restricting the citizens from other states of India to seek employment in the state or buy property in Jammu and Kashmir is a clear violation of the fundamental rights sanctioned by the articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution of India. The Supreme Court bench led by Justice Deepak Mishra has said that the validity of Article 35A and Article 370 can be decided by a Constitution Bench.

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