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<br /><br /><ul><li>A collective called Parcham is using football to empower women and bring equality in India's largest Muslim ghetto — Mumbra.</li><li>However, India's new citizenship laws have been a huge setback to the work that Parcham has been doing.</li><li>"There is a need for us to build solidarities and get to know each other a little bit better," co-founder of Parcham, <keyword id="245150" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sabah-Khan">Sabah Khan</keyword>, told Business Insider in an interview.</li></ul>Football has often been acclaimed as a powerful tool for unity and healing the world. In suburbs of Mumbai, a collective called Parcham is trying to use that magic to empower women in India's largest Muslim ghetto — Mumbra.<br /><br />"We use football to engage with adolescent girls. Through the game, what we're trying to do is, break the stereotype around how people expect girls to be," said Sabah Khan, co-founder of Parcham, in an interview with Business Insider.<br /><br />
  <div type="image" title="Football Camp - Siddesh Raghavendra-7" msid="74533642" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Football camp hosted by Parcham&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



<br />However, India's recent citizenship law, the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA), isn't making work easy for them. Khan believes that it's widened the divide between the government and the Muslim community.<br /><br />"It has been a huge setback to everything that we've been doing," she said. "We are trying to get past the disillusion that the community has with the government. Off and on things are said — like 'we're secondary citizens', 'no-one's going to be listening to us' and stuff like that."<br /><br />
  <div type="image" title="Mumbra Practise" msid="74533648" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Football practice in Mumbra&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



<br />Currently, one of the collective's main tasks is to find clarity on where elected officials stand on the rollout of the National Population Register (NPR). They have been participating in protests and meeting with officials, but there's no denying that CAA has already had a detrimental effect. <br /><br />"It reinforces the notion that 'we are really not wanted' and 'this is how the country sees us' [among the community]," said Khan.<br /><br /><strong>Women have common aspirations — irrespective of religion<br /></strong>When Khan decided to introduce the football initiative in Muslim ghettos, there were other options on the table — some girls even suggested playing cricket or kho-kho. However, at the end of the day, only football made the cut.<br /><br />"Football is a means for us to further what we stand for. In that way, football is a team game. It means that everyone is out there together and no one is waiting for anyone else to get run out and leave the field," she explained.<br /><br />
  <div type="image" title="Football Camp - Siddesh Raghavendra-47" msid="74533651" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Football camp&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



<br />Parcham primarily reaches out to pre-adolescent Muslim girls but encourages Muslim and non-Muslim girls to play together. Over time, the collective found that their aspirations have a lot in common, irrespective of which religion they followed.<br /><br />"The kind of atmosphere that the country is going through, there is a need for us to build solidarities and get to know each other a little bit better. In the absence of this kind of interaction, it's a breeding ground for all kinds of prejudice and bigotry," said Khan.<br /><br />
  <div type="image" title="Interaction with parents 2" msid="74533645" hostid="261"></div>



<br /><strong>Laying claim to public spaces<br /></strong>Football is also a way for girls to feel more confident about themselves. Just the simple act of leaving the house to participate in something different is the first step towards an independent life, according to Khan. The idea is to lay claim on public spaces, access to which has been denied to women, particularly in the marginalised sectors of society.<br /><br />"Even in a city like Mumbai, which is cosmopolitan, in public parks you rarely get to see young girls play with mostly boys having access to the grounds," Khan pointed out.<br /><br />
  <div type="image" title="Sion Practise" msid="74533657" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Football practice in Sion&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



<br />However, that's easier said than done. In the beginning, playing in an open field meant getting harassed and leered at. But the band got together and successfully petitioned the electoral representation to allocate a ground specifically for girls so that they can play in peace.<br /><br />Now that field is being turned into a sports ground, which could make room for other sports as well.<br />

Here's how a collective is using football to empower women and bring unity in India’s largest Muslim ghetto

<ul class="summary-list"><li>HMO and PPO plans offer different types of coverage so it's important to know which is best for you.</li><li>HMO plans are often less expensive with low deductibles, but they're more limiting than PPO plans.</li><li>PPO plans are more expensive but will usually cover some out-of-network costs, unlike HMOs. </li></ul><p><keyword id="6362363" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="health-insurance">Health insurance</keyword> coverage in the US is a complicated process fraught with different plans and prices. To help you navigate your way through it all, we discuss the difference between two main coverage options: <a href="https://www.medmutual.com/For-Individuals-and-Families/Health-Insurance-Education/Compare-Health-Insurance-Plans/HMO-vs-PPO-Insurance.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener">HMO (Health Maintenance Organization) and PPO (Preferred Provider Organization)</a></p><p>Understanding the difference between HMOs and PPOs insurance plans can not only help you choose the right one for your needs but also help you avoid expensive, unexpected medical bills. </p><h2><strong>HMO vs. PPO plans</strong></h2><p>HMO plans tend to be cheaper than PPO plans, but they're also generally more limiting. </p><p>HMO plans typically have lower premiums, lower copay amounts, and low deductibles (unless a high deductible plan is chosen to lower overall costs).</p><p>However, you cannot see an in-network specialist directly. First, you must go through a primary care physician who will then refer you to a specialist. If you don't have a referral, chances are your insurance won't cover the visit. </p><p>You are also dependent on your primary care physician's referrals when you need to see a specialist, which can delay your treatment and limit your options. For instance, if you have an earache, you would have to visit your primary care physician first, rather than going to an ENT specialist directly. </p><p><strong>Important: </strong>If you go to a provider outside the network on an HMO plan, you have to bear the entire cost yourself, except in certain cases of emergency. </p><p>PPO plans, on the other hand, offer you a wider network of doctors and hospitals. These plans also don't restrict you to a single primary care doctor, which means you can visit a specialist without a referral.</p><p>Therefore, PPOs are a good option for people who want more flexibility in choosing their <keyword id="6354750" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="health">health</keyword>care providers, people who travel frequently, or people who need to regularly visit specialists because they have chronic health conditions.</p><p>It's important to note though that while PPO plans offer more flexibility, they also tend to be more expensive than HMO plans. But unlike HMO plans, PPOs will pay some of the cost for out-of-network healthcare, typically 50%. </p><p>To summarize, here's a breakdown of the pros and cons for HMO versus PPO plans:</p><table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 60px;" border="1"><tbody><tr style="height: 20px;"><td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 20px;"> </td><td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 20px;">HMO</td><td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 20px;">PPO</td></tr><tr style="height: 20px;"><td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 20px;">Pros</td><td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 20px;"><ul><li>Lower monthly premiums</li><li>Lower copays</li><li>Lower deductibles</li><li>Fewer claims since care is usually within the network</li></ul></td><td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 20px;"><ul><li>Wider network of providers</li><li>More flexibility in choosing providers</li><li>Better coverage of out-of-network providers</li><li>You can receive treatment faster since you can go directly to a specialist of your choice</li></ul></td></tr><tr style="height: 20px;"><td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 20px;">Cons</td><td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 20px;"><ul><li>Smaller network of providers</li><li>Less flexibility in choosing providers</li><li>Out-of-network providers are rarely covered, apart from emergencies</li><li>Treatment can take longer, since you have to see your primary care provider first</li></ul></td><td style="width: 33.3333%; height: 20px;"><ul><li>Higher monthly premiums</li><li>Higher copays</li><li>Higher deductibles</li><li>More claims, since care may be outside the network; you may have to pay first and then file for reimbursement</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><p>If neither HMO or PPO sound like your ideal plan, there's also a middle ground. They're called hybrid plans. One example is Exclusive Provider Organization (EPO) plans, which combine aspects of HMOs and PPOs. </p><p>EPOs may not require a primary care doctor, for instance, but will limit coverage to in-network providers or facilities. Make sure to read the materials sent by your health plan to understand the detail, particularly when referrals are needed.</p><h2><strong>What happens if I get a surprise bill?</strong></h2>Related Article Module: How to spot expensive errors on your medical bill, and when you should ask for an itemized bill<p>Once you have an HMO or PPO plan, there are some instances where it can still be confusing to know when you receive in-network versus out-of-network coverage. And if you accidentally go out-of-network - especially on an HMO plan - it can lead to a surprisingly expensive bill.</p><p>In fact, according to a <a href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2760721" target="_blank" rel="noopener">2020 study</a>, around 18% of emergency room visits in the US result in at least one surprise bill.</p><p>"If you receive an out-of-network bill that you were not expecting, check with your insurance company, your employer (if you are insured through your work), your <a href="https://content.naic.org/state-insurance-departments" target="_blank" rel="noopener">state insurance department</a>, and, if your state has one, a <a href="https://www.usa.gov/state-consumer" target="_blank" rel="noopener">consumer assistance program</a> to learn your rights and next steps. You may be able to appeal the charges," says Fish-Parcham.</p><p>Moreover, if you have received treatment and are unable to pay your medical expenses in full, you can contact the billing department of the hospital and <a href="https://www.smartaboutmoney.org/Topics/Spending-and-Borrowing/Manage-Medical-Bills/Options-for-Paying-Medical-Bills" target="_blank" rel="noopener">request a payment plan</a>.</p><p>Hospitals typically don't charge interest and you can split the payment into monthly installments that you can pay off without harming your credit rating. If your bill is not paid and sent to a collection agency, interest is charged and it is harder to negotiate the balance due.</p><h2><strong>Assistance programs for medical bill payment</strong></h2><ul><li>Government bodies, like <a href="https://www.ssa.gov/compassionateallowances/index.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Compassionate Allowances</a> and agencies that provide <a href="https://www.ssa.gov/disability/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">benefits for people with disabilities</a></li><li>Organizations, like the <a href="https://www.cancer.org/treatment/finding-and-paying-for-treatment/understanding-financial-and-legal-matters/managing-costs.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">American Cancer Society</a> and <a href="https://rarediseases.org/for-patients-and-families/help-access-medications/patient-assistance-programs-2/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Organization for Rare Disorders</a></li><li>If you are underinsured (for instance if your plan has catastrophic coverage only, or you have a very high deductible) many hospitals and clinics provide financial assistance if you are unable to pay your medical bills.</li><li>Hiring an <a href="https://advoconnection.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">independent patient advocate</a> to negotiate your bill (your savings will often be much more than the fees paid to an advocate).</li></ul><p>You might also consider getting supplemental insurance to help cover any out-of-network costs that your primary insurance doesn't cover.</p><p><strong>Important: </strong>Beware of short-term or disease-specific plans that are not compliant with Affordable Care Act (ACA) rules; the premiums may cost less but these plans have many exclusions.</p><h2><strong>How do I tell if a doctor or service is out-of-network?</strong></h2><p>According to <a href="https://www.familiesusa.org/writer/cheryl-fish-parcham/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Cheryl Fish-Parcham</a>, director of access initiatives at <a href="https://familiesusa.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Families USA</a>, a nonprofit health advocacy organization, there are some ways to check whether a doctor or service provider is in-network: </p><ul><li>Ask your doctor's office whether they take your insurance when you're making your appointment. Use the specific name of your plan; for example it's not just "Blue Cross," it's "Blue Cross Premier Preferred Silver."</li><li>Check your insurance company's online directory of in-network providers to see if your provider is listed, or to find a provider close to you. Beware that although online directories are updated regularly, they are not solid proof of network status.</li><li>Call your insurance company's member services number and ask them if the provider is in-network. Document who you speak to, along with the date, in case there is confusion at a later time.</li></ul><p>"For hospitals, it is a bit more complicated; you can call the hospital and check with your insurance company to see if the hospital itself is in-network, but that doesn't guarantee that all of the providers that see you within the hospital will also be in your network," says Fish-Parcham. </p><p>Some doctors, like anesthesiologists, for example, or services received in the hospital, like lab work or emergency care, may be considered out-of-network, even though the hospital is in-network, according to Fish-Parcham. This is because these doctors or service providers may not have agreed to your insurance company's rates or terms. </p><p>In this case, you may be required to pay the provider the amount that is not covered by your insurance company; this is referred to as balance billing. Many, but not all plans will cover emergency services at in-network status however you may have to demonstrate afterwards that it was a true emergency.</p><p>"You should always check that your local hospital and any other you may use - particularly if you have a chronic condition - is in-network when you sign up for your insurance plan. If you can plan ahead and know that you'll have a treatment, surgery, or pregnancy, make sure that the doctor, surgeon, or NICU is in-network at that hospital as well," says <a href="https://www.npaf.org/team/caitlin-donovan/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Caitlin Donovan</a>, a spokesperson for the <a href="https://www.npaf.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">National Patient Advocate Foundation</a>. </p><h2><strong>Insider's takeaway</strong></h2><p>Choosing the right insurance plan for your needs is important to avoid surprise bills.</p><p>HMO plans are more affordable but they are more restrictive in terms of providers. PPO plans offer more flexibility in choosing providers and cover some of the costs of out-of-network providers. </p><a data-type="606f4f37c29eae2d9c45f6e2">A quick and simple guide to reading your medical bills and Explanation of Benefits</a><a data-type="606f4edac29eae2d2f046c0e">How to spot expensive errors on your medical bill, and when you should ask for an itemized bill</a><a data-type="5e20eb05ab49fd33561f2632">A TikTok user's simple trick for lowering pricey hospital bills is going viral</a><a data-type="5e0f7e84855cc27e1a39ef97">Medical expenses, from PPE to doctor's fees, are tax deductible under 2 conditions</a>

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Here's how a collective is using football to empower women and bring unity in India’s largest Muslim ghetto

Prabhjote Gill

The important differences between HMO, PPO, and EPO insurance plans

Sanjana Gupta,Karen Vogel

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