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The concept of the <keyword id="22186918" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="butterfly-effect" source="keywords">butterfly effect</keyword> suggests that a <keyword id="6377523" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="butterfly" source="Orion">butterfly</keyword> flapping its wings in one part of the world could lead to a storm on the other side of the globe. But what if the butterfly flaps its wings all the way from one part of the world to the other?<br /><br />In a remarkable real-world twist, researchers have documented <keyword id="22186919" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="painted-lady-butterflies" source="keywords">painted lady butterflies</keyword> making an astonishing 4,200-kilometre journey across the Atlantic Ocean—from Western Africa to the shores of <keyword id="346851" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="French-Guiana" source="Orion">French Guiana</keyword> in South America!<br /><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="From flap to finish: Decoding the butterflies’ origins" comment="subhead" text="From flap to finish: Decoding the butterflies’ origins"><span data-til="noop">From flap to finish: Decoding the <keyword id="6572283" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="butterflies" source="Orion">butterflies</keyword>’ origins</span></cmsannotation><br />Back in October 2013, Gerard Talavera from the Botanical Institute of Barcelona at CSIC stumbled upon painted lady butterflies on the Atlantic beaches of French Guiana. This peculiar sighting, considering these butterflies aren’t usually found in South America, sparked an international research effort to trace their origins.<br /><br />The research team employed advanced tools to trace the butterflies’ journey. They started by analysing wind trajectories from the time leading up to the butterflies’ arrival in October 2013. The data revealed unusually favourable wind conditions that could support a <keyword id="21876732" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="transatlantic-flight" source="keywords">transatlantic flight</keyword> from West Africa, suggesting these butterflies might have flown across the ocean.<br /><br /><div type="image" title="atlantic winds" msid="111280804" hostid="261" sizebytes="43242" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Wind backtracking shows the transoceanic route followed by the painted lady butterflies.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div><br />By sequencing the genomes of the butterflies and comparing them with global populations, the researchers found a genetic closeness to African and European butterflies, ruling out North American origins and reinforcing the theory of an oceanic flight.<br /><br />The team then used cutting-edge molecular techniques to sequence the DNA of pollen grains carried by the butterflies. They identified plant species that only grow in tropical Africa, indicating that the butterflies had nectared on African flowers before their oceanic voyage.<br /><br />Finally, they analysed hydrogen and strontium isotopes in the butterflies' wings, which serve as a chemical fingerprint of their place of origin. The isotope analysis, combined with habitat models for larval growth, pointed to a possible natal origin in Western Europe, possibly France, Ireland, the United Kingdom or Portugal.<br /><br />Combined, these findings suggest that the painted lady butterflies took birth in Europe, migrated to West Africa, and then made an epic flight across the Atlantic to reach the eastern coast of South America!<br /><br />“We usually see butterflies as symbols of the fragility of beauty, but science shows us that they can perform incredible feats. There is still much to discover about their capabilities,” said Roger Vila, a researcher at the Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Pompeu Fabra University) and co-author of the study.<br /><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Harnessing the Saharan winds" comment="subhead" text="Harnessing the Saharan winds"><span data-til="noop">Harnessing the <keyword id="22186920" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Saharan-winds" source="keywords">Saharan winds</keyword></span></cmsannotation><br />Elaborating on how they managed this feat, Eric Toro-Delgado, one of the article's co-authors, explained: “The butterflies could only have completed this flight using a strategy alternating between active flight, which is costly energetically, and gliding the wind. We estimate that without wind, the butterflies could have flown a maximum of 780 km before consuming all their fat and, therefore, their energy.”<br /><br />The butterflies likely made use of the Saharan air layer, a conveyor of dust from Africa to the Americas. These wind currents, known to fertilise the Amazon with Saharan dust, also appear to be a highway for living organisms.<br /><br />In fact, this transatlantic flight points towards the existence of natural aerial highways linking continents, which could enable species dispersal on a far greater scale than we ever thought possible.<br /><br />With global warming and evolving climate patterns, scientists warn that we might see more pronounced shifts and a surge in such long-distance dispersal events. These changes could profoundly influence biodiversity and ecosystems across the globe.<br /><br />These findings were recently published in <em>Nature Communications</em> and can be accessed <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49079-2">here</a>.

These butterflies flew across the Atlantic Ocean, winging their way from Africa to South America!

<ul class="summary-list"><li>King Charles and Camilla, Queen Consort, released their coronation invitation on Tuesday.</li><li>The invitation included nods to the monarch, like trios of flowers to signify he is King Charles III. </li></ul><p>On Tuesday, King Charles III and Camilla, Queen Consort, released the invitation for the <a href="https://www.insider.com/king-charles-iiis-coronation-oil-wont-contain-sperm-whale-intestinal-wax-2023-3">coronation</a>, and it was full of meaningful nods to the monarch. </p><p>The coronation will take place on May 6 at Westminster Abbey. Both Charles and <a href="https://www.insider.com/why-camilla-will-be-crowned-queen-philip-wasnt-crowned-king-2022-10">Camilla will be crowned</a> in separate ceremonies.</p><p>The king's coronation will be <a href="https://www.insider.com/king-charles-coronation-smaller-skip-ancient-tradition-royal-family-2022-10">scaled back</a> compared to Queen Elizabeth II's 1953 coronation, <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11295049/The-secrets-King-Charles-IIIs-slimmed-coronation-revealed.html">the Mail on Sunday reported</a>.</p><h2>The invitation was designed to honor Charles' new role and British history</h2><p>According to a press release from Buckingham Palace, artist Andrew Jamieson created the hand-painted illustration made of watercolor and gouache on the invitation, which nods to the king's official <a href="https://www.royal.uk/coronation-emblem">coronation emblem</a>.</p><p>The invitations will be printed on recycled paper with gold foil, which isn't surprising for the king. King Charles is a longtime champion of environmental issues, publishing a <a href="https://www.newsweek.com/2022/01/21/exclusive-prince-charles-says-our-children-are-judging-us-climate-change-1661370.html">2022 Newsweek essay</a> about the threat of climate change.</p><div type="image" title="The invitation to King Charles and Camilla, Queen Consort's coronation." height="1803" width="2000" msid="99250325" hostid="261" sizebytes="476912"></div><p>Jamieson is both an illuminator and scribe for the king's Crown Office in London, and he previously made the Royal Letters Patent that marked when Prince William became the Duke of Cambridge after marrying Kate Middleton in 2011. </p><p>"To have been invited to play a small part in such a historic event in our nation's history has been an incredible honour and the opportunity of a lifetime, the pinnacle of my career," Jamieson said in a statement provided to Insider. "My hope is that those who see the invitation will get as much joy from it as I did creating it. I wish Their Majesties every good wish for their upcoming coronation celebration as they begin this new journey together."</p><h2>The invitation also included flowers with symbolic meaning</h2><p>Jamieson included imagery of the Green Man in the invitation, "an ancient figure from British folklore, symbolic of spring and rebirth, to celebrate the new reign," the press release states.</p><p>Foliage made of hawthorn, ivy, and oak creates the shape of the Green Man, as well as the "emblematic flowers" of the United Kingdom, according to Buckingham Palace.</p><p>More flowers adorn the outer edge of the invitation to create a British wildflower meadow, and they were all painted in groups of three to signify that the king is the third monarch to bear the name Charles.</p><p>The meadow includes "lily of the valley, cornflowers, wild strawberries, dog roses, bluebells, and a sprig of rosemary for remembrance," according to the press release. </p><p>In addition to the rosemary for remembrance, the inclusion of the lily of the valley was significant. It was Queen Elizabeth II's favorite flower; Sophie, Countess of Wessex, <a href="https://www.insider.com/hidden-meanings-behind-royals-outfits-for-queen-elizabeth-funeral-2022-9#sophie-the-countess-of-wessex-included-an-homage-to-the-queens-favorite-flower-on-her-dress-9">wore a dress with the flower embroidered into it</a> for the Queen's funeral in September 2022.</p><p>Cornflowers, wild strawberries, dog roses, and bluebells, on the other hand, are all associated with love.</p><h2>The illustration also included drawings of animals that hold significance </h2><p>The meadow framing the invitation also includes a bee, a butterfly, a ladybird, a wren, and a robin, according to Buckingham Palace.</p><p>Bees have long held a special place in the royal family's world. There is a centuries-old tradition where <a href="https://www.insider.com/royal-beekeeper-bees-queen-death-king-charles-old-tradition-2022-9">the royal bees are informed</a> when a monarch dies, as royal beekeeper John Chapple, 79, told the <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-11199259/Royal-beekeeper-informed-Queens-bees-HM-died-King-Charles-new-boss.html">MailOnline</a> after Queen Elizabeth's death. Chapple also told the outlet that he told the bees King Charles was their new master at the time. </p><p>In addition, butterflies are often associated with new beginnings and ladybugs symbolize good luck, while wrens and robins are associated with rebirth. </p><p>Jamieson also included the animals featured on Charles and Camilla's coats of arms in his illustration: a lion, a boar, and a unicorn.</p><p>The Garter encloses Camilla's animals in the invitation, nodding to her role as Royal Lady of the Order of the Garter, which she took on in the summer of 2022, according to the Palace.</p><p>The group was formed by King Edward III because of his admiration for King Arthur and his knights, and it is now the "oldest and most senior Order of Chivalry in Britain," according to the <a href="https://www.royal.uk/order-garter">royal family's website</a>. According to <a href="https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a40273407/camilla-royal-lady-order-of-the-garter-2022/">Town &amp; Country,</a> it's rare for someone who marries into the royal family to be made part of the order, making the role even more significant for Camilla.</p><h2>Buckingham Palace also released a new photo of Charles and Camilla alongside the invitation</h2><div type="image" title="King Charles III and Camilla, Queen Consort, pose for a photo in Buckingham Palace ahead of the coronation." height="2588" width="2000" msid="99250326" hostid="261" sizebytes="322256"></div><p>The monarch and Queen Consort posed in the drawing room at Buckingham Palace for the photo, which was captured by Hugo Burnand.</p><p>The <a href="https://www.insider.com/prince-harry-meghan-markle-should-attend-coronation-experts-say-2023-3">invitation</a> will be sent to over 2,000 people, according to Buckingham Palace. </p><p>Alongside the photo and invitation, the royals also announced that both Charles and Camilla will have four pages of honor as part of the coronation service, and they will be included in the procession that walks through Westminster Abbey with the king and Queen Consort during the ceremony. </p><p>Camilla's three grandsons and her great-nephew will serve as her pages, while Prince George, 9, will be a page for his grandfather. Prince Louis, 4, who has made <a href="https://www.insider.com/prince-louis-photos-tantrum-crying-jubilee-kate-middleton-2022-6">waves at previous royal engagements</a>, will not be a page.</p>

10 hidden details you missed in King Charles and Camilla's coronation invitation

<ul class="summary-list"><li><strong>Heidi Klum threw her 21st annual Halloween party on Monday in New York City. </strong></li><li><strong>Klum, 49, transformed into a worm while her husband dressed as a fisherman with a bloody eye. </strong></li></ul><p>Heidi Klum just <a href="https://www.insider.com/best-celebrity-halloween-costumes-photos-2022-10#unsurprisingly-heidi-klum-went-all-out-at-her-annual-halloween-party-dressing-up-as-a-worm-for-the-occasion-her-husband-tom-kaulitz-pretended-to-use-klum-as-bait-as-a-fisherman-38">unveiled her highly-anticipated Halloween costume</a> as a giant, realistic worm.</p><p>Klum, 49, hosted her 21st annual Halloween party on Monday in New York City's Sake No Hana at Moxy Lower East Side. Klum's return as the undisputed Queen of Halloween comes after her party was canceled for two years because of the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><div type="image" title="Heidi Klum at her Halloween party dressed as a worm" height="3493" width="5159" msid="95237410" hostid="261"></div><p>Photos showed Klum dressed head-to-toe in ridged prosthetics that covered every inch of her body except her mouth, eyes, and a small opening for her shoes.</p><p>Her husband, Tom Kaulitz, accompanied the former supermodel dressed as a fisherman with a bloody eye. The couple posed on the blue carpet together ahead of the event, with Kaulitz pretending to use Klum as fishing bait. </p><div type="image" title="Heidi Klum at her Halloween party dressed as a worm" height="3648" width="4821" msid="95237412" hostid="261"></div><p>Klum was also photographed lying down on the ground in a method approach to her creepy-crawly costume. While Klum took inspiration from the animal kingdom, her 18-year-old daughter, Leni Klum, <a href="https://www.insider.com/heidi-klum-and-daughter-hug-in-halloween-costumes-2022-11">appeared to follow suit and made her debut at the coveted party as Catwoman. </a></p><div type="image" title="Heidi Klum at her Halloween party dressed as a worm" height="5022" width="3348" msid="95237416" hostid="261"></div><p>The party featured a DJ set by Questlove and a star-studded guest list, including Queer Eye's Antoni Porowski, singer Ava Max, and new <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-scrapped-board-of-directors-parag-agrawal-private-2022-10?r=US&amp;IR=T">Twitter owner Elon Musk</a>. </p><div type="image" title="Heidi Klum at her Halloween party dressed as a worm" height="2458" width="3688" msid="95237419" hostid="261"></div><p>Klum began teasing her costume on her Instagram account Monday afternoon, sharing a series of behind-the-scenes videos of her and Kaulitz preparing for the festivities. One <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CkZF1ukjtJN/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">video</a> showed a professional spraying paint atop Klum's prosthetics, while <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/CkaFoowjjqf/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">another</a> showed Klum trying on the costume ahead of the holiday. </p><p>On Monday, Klum appeared live with Amazon for <a href="https://affiliate.insider.com?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Flive%2Fbroadcast%2Fd045a193-d608-4001-9cf5-5fc7a45fdbfb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">"Halloween with Heidi Klum"</a> and gave audiences a glimpse into the preparation process. </p><p><a href="https://www.instagram.com/prorenfx/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Mike Marino</a>, the founder of Prosthetics Renaissance, told Amazon that his team had created seven Halloween costumes for her so far.</p><p>"This is a whole costume," Marino said before talking about the creation process. "It takes, really, months to build and design. We start with sketches and drawings. We go back and forth with things. Then we decide what it should be, and we see if it's even possible for Heidi to wear." </p><p>Klum emerged as a pop culture phenomenon because of <a href="https://www.insider.com/heidi-klum-halloween-costumes-ranked-2021-9">her Halloween costumes</a>. In 2001, Klum attended her second-ever party <a href="https://www.insider.com/heidi-klum-halloween-costumes-ranked-2021-9#in-2001-for-her-second-ever-party-klum-rode-into-her-soiree-atop-a-horse-while-dressed-as-a-dead-lady-godiva-11" target="_blank" rel="noopener">riding a horse and dressed as the dead Lady Godiva</a>.</p><p>She later <a href="https://www.insider.com/heidi-klum-halloween-costumes-ranked-2021-9#ten-years-later-she-wore-this-unsettling-human-body-costume-12" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dressed as the human body</a> – complete with muscles and tissue – in 2011 and arrived at her party <a href="https://www.insider.com/heidi-klum-halloween-costumes-ranked-2021-9#her-2014-costume-was-a-giant-patterned-butterfly-with-an-anatomically-correct-mask-13">as a butterfly</a> with an anatomically correct mask in 2014.</p>

Heidi Klum, the queen of Halloween, outdoes herself with her most bizarre costume yet: a worm

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