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<ul><li>US-based drug manufacturer, Gilead earlier announced non-exclusive voluntary licensing agreements with Indian pharmaceutical companies including Cipla, Hetero, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories and others.</li><li>The agreements allow these companies to manufacture remdesivir for distribution in 127 countries.</li><li>Indian pharmaceutical company, Hetero has priced the drug at ₹5,400, whereas Cipla said the drug would be priced below ₹5,000. </li></ul>While the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/the-us-bought-up-90-of-the-worlds-supply-of-remdesivir-for-the-next-3-months-and-patents-mean-many-countries-wont-be-able-to-get-any/articleshow/76729248.cms">Trump administration is hoarding up</a> the stock of antiviral drug remdesivir from US-based Gilead Sciences for the next three months, leaving hardly any stock of the key Covid-19 drug for the rest of the world— but this might not be something that India has to worry about. To expand the supply of remdesivir drug,<a href="https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/zydus-cadila-signs-licensing-pact-with-gilead-for-covid-19-drug-remdesivir-11591975212351.html"> Gilead earlier announced</a> non-exclusive voluntary licensing agreements with Indian pharmaceutical companies. Remdesivir is considered a key drug in the fight against Covid-19 as a randomised clinical trial conducted with the drug on 1,063 patients over 60 centres across US, Europe and Asia <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/us-secures-almost-entire-world-stock-of-covid-19-drug-remdesivir-from-gilead-sciences-for-the-next-three-months/articleshow/76730789.cms">demonstrated faster time</a> to clinical recovery in Covid-19 infected patients. The agreements allow these companies to manufacture remdesivir for distribution in 127 countries. <table style="width: 144pt;"> </colgroup></colgroup> <tbody><tr> <td class="xl65" style="height:15.0pt;width:48pt">Companies licensed for remdesivir manufacturing in India</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none; width: 48pt;">approval</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none; width: 48pt;"> price</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="xl65" style="height: 15pt; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none;">Cipla </td> <td class="xl66" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">approved</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">₹5,000</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="xl65" style="height: 15pt; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none;">Hetero </td> <td class="xl66" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">approved </td> <td class="xl65" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">₹ 5,400 </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="xl65" style="height: 15pt; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none;">Jubilant Lifesciences</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">pending for approval</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="xl65" style="height: 15pt; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none;">Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">pending for approval</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="xl65" style="height: 15pt; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none;">Zydus Cadila</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">pending for approval</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">N/A</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="xl65" style="height: 15pt; border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none;">Ferozsons Laboratories</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">pending for approval</td> <td class="xl65" style="border-top-width: initial; border-top-style: none; border-left-width: initial; border-left-style: none;">N/A</td> </tr></tbody></table>Under the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/us-secures-almost-entire-world-stock-of-covid-19-drug-remdesivir-from-gilead-sciences-for-the-next-three-months/articleshow/76730789.cms">licensing agreements,</a> the companies have a right to receive a technology transfer of the Gilead manufacturing process for Remdesivir to enable them to scale up production more quickly. The licensees can also set their own prices for the generic product they produce, while they are still subjected to regulatory approval from authorities. Earlier last week India's top drug regulator had given the nod to Cipla and Hetero for marketing authorisation of antiviral drug Remdesivir only for "restricted emergency use" on COVID-19 patients. Hetero has priced the drug at ₹5,400, whereas Cipla said the drug would be priced below ₹5,000. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/us-secures-almost-entire-world-stock-of-covid-19-drug-remdesivir-from-gilead-sciences-for-the-next-three-months/articleshow/76730789.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">US secures almost entire world stock of Covid-19 drug remdesivir from Gilead Sciences for the next three months</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/the-us-bought-up-90-of-the-worlds-supply-of-remdesivir-for-the-next-3-months-and-patents-mean-many-countries-wont-be-able-to-get-any/articleshow/76729248.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">The US bought up 90% of the world's supply of remdesivir for the next 3 months, and patents mean many countries won't be able to get any</a>

These are the companies manufacturing COVID-19 drug Remdesivir in India

India on late Monday evening went past the seven lakh-mark in terms of the Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) cases as 3,827 fresh infections were reported, taking the total number of cases in the country to 7,01,240. Also, with 425 people succumbing to the lethal virus in the last 24 hours, the country was second in the daily number of worldwide deaths -- behind Brazil that recorded 602 fatalities, officials said. The US, the worst coronavirus-affected country with over 29 lakh icases, was third on the list of fatalities with 271 deaths. According to the official data, India has reported 19,693 Covid-19-related deaths, compared to Brazil's 64,867, and 1,29,947 by the US. The rate of fatality in India -- the number of deaths as a percentage against the total positive cases -- was 2.8 per cent on Monday which was slightly lower compared to 3 per cent a week ago and 3.2 per cent two weeks ago. The fatality rate worldwide stands at 4.7 per cent. The US has a fatality rate of 4.5 per cent while it is 4.1 per cent in Brazil. Currently, the US, Brazil and India are the top-three countries severely impacted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Despite the low fatality rate in India, there has been a worrying spike in the number of new cases in the country over the past weeks. India registered one lakh more cases -- from six to seven lakh, in just four days, with over 20,000 new Covid-19 positive cases reported daily since July 3.

India reported 425 coronavirus deaths in the last 24 hours — more than the US

<ul><li>Our confessions series is a platform where young professionals from the advertising, marketing and media world will get to pour their hearts out on how the outbreak of <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">Coronavirus</keyword> has affected their daily routines, the good, bad and ugly sides of working while under house arrest and talk about if it's even possible to balance work and personal life in a situation like this. </li><li>In today's column, Arunita Sen, Director - Strategy, Bang in the Middle writes about some thoughts she's had while in isolation and some of her learnings from the experience so far.</li></ul> The surreal year of 2020. The whole world is learning and walking into a new path of fighting against the COVID19 crisis and here I am waking up to another numb ‘<keyword id="123591" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Work-from-home">work from home</keyword>’ day. I am a planner by nature. Finding new things to do and say and driving new behaviour insights to drive brand impact is my core expertise. And currently, the COVID-19 crisis is shaping up the most distinct form of art - communication, culture, communities, brands, organisations, personal space and me. Staying true to my skills, here is my take on this quarantine life during a crisis in bullet points (I am not even sorry about this)! <ol><li>CAN I GO BACK TO EMAILING?? Yep, that fanatic. 9.30 am 10.00 pm, Saturday or Sunday. Good Friday? Yep. Calls. Calls. Calls. Zoom in. Zoom out. Blue beans ya blue jeans? Wait, there are presentations, screen sharing. Anxieties. Cooking. Feeding the cat. Taking a shower. Eating lunch during lunch. Do you feel the same? No? Can you please do a takeover for a brand and teach me work-life balance? And hence, a task list for your home &amp; your work is my 10.00 am routine.</li></ol>Insight: Sometimes, the most formal &amp; to the point communication is gold. 2. What crisis am i solving? More than my work, it’s the purpose slump that hit me the most in this 4*4 boundary. While being a brand specialist during this COVID-19 crisis is making you break your format of thoughts - let’s parallelly accept - we all are in a loop of life, right now. The 7 stages of grief, Maslow’s hierarchy of need or any goddamn theory! Learning and evolving is the way to keep floating in the crisis. That’s more important right now. Recommendation: Drive empathy for yourself, your family, your colleagues, your consumer base. Thinking about others, before you demand, ask, give a timeline - is more important now than ever. 3. Be part of the culture change! Yes. Hand washing, cleaning, driving gender balance at home, learning new things, dumping Netflix, hello podcasts! And if not now, when? Yes, I am treating this as the end of the world until it restarts. Until then let’s grab it all and please don’t judge! Quarantine engagement plan: - Finish 5 books. The love I had shelved. - Post Dinner - Sketch hour to help your mind release and express. - Crisis Recipes - Quickies for the paapi-pet. - Podcast no 1. - Prep mode. - Have you heard about a home projector and mubi.com? 4. Turn off from the chaos The first 5 days in quarantine were productive and then it started crawling back to a downward curve. I felt my team going through curves of motivational challenges and so did I. Yes, it’s chaotic to connect, explain and deliver. Especially when the regular office chai pe conversations are being wasted staying in 24*7 - doing your dishes, keeping a timer for the MCD garbage van is doing the round + deliver the C\OVID-19 content strategy. Learning: Switching off to do my chores, water my plant, staring at the wall helps me regenerate and lessens down the pressure. Sleep with your eyes open. Power naps! Eeehaaaw! 5. 101 consumer engagement To end the long list of my quarantine ‘set of mind’. Please don’t tag me on any online challenge anymore. And brands, this is a planner’s advice to stop people from engaging with you right now and instead, drive something more meaningful when the world is fighting a pandemic. Wayforward: Keep it actionable, keep it light, keep it empathetic and don’t push for UGC, no more. Instead, empower and be the leader like you claim. Even when the economy is in turmoil, and individually all of us are making our input count. Dropping the annual strategy a bit early for the next year. 2021 will be a new one, with a new win and learnings from this reality check.

Confessions: Planning crisis or life during COVID-19

Los Angeles, Apr 23 () The novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing OVID-19 pandemic may have originated with wildlife and then infected people, scientists say. The researchers from the University of Southern California (USC) in the US say the COVID-19 pandemic and additional outbreaks over the last decade are linked to wild life. "Humans are increasing the odds of disease happening as we move into wild areas and catch wild animals," said Paula Cannon, a professor at USC. "We created the circumstances where it was only a matter of time until something like this happens, and it will only be a matter of time before it happens again," Cannon said in a statement. Scientists are not certain how this latest outbreak began and spread, but they believe the coronavirus likely originated in populations of horseshoe bats. Cannon said there's strong evidence for this hypothesis and it's the best explanation at present. They pinpointed a marketplace in Wuhan, China, as the epicentre for the outbreak, where the virus may have first infected humans and then spread around the world. While the market has been identified as a seafood market, live animals were also sold there -- some as pets or for food, the resaerchers said. This close proximity with infected animals enabled the virus's transmission to humans, they said. Similar outbreaks have occurred before, such as with MERS and SARS several years ago, according to the researchers. Evidence suggests that MERS spread from bats to camels to people, while SARS likely occurred as a result of transmission from bats to civet cats to humans, Cannon said. Bats are also believed to be the original source of Ebola virus outbreaks that infected people in Africa from 2014 to 2016, and in 1976, the researchers said. Scientists have found very strong genetic clues that COVID-19 originated with bats, they said. Cannon said that's because part of the coronavirus's genetic code looks very similar to viruses found in bats. There's also a signature resembling pangolin viruses, but whether pangolins had a direct role in transmission or were also victims of transmission from bats is unclear, she said. "There are hundreds of coronaviruses, and a large number of them are found in bats," Cannon said. "Based on what happened previously with SARS and MERS and now COVID-19, scientists are very concerned that other viruses will one day make the jump from bats to humans. "It may be once in 100 years that the alchemy is right to infect humans, but when it does, it takes off like wildfire," she said. SARSAR

Scientists track link between wildlife and COVID-19 outbreak

New Delhi, Jun 11 () The Delhi High Court has allowed a woman to give representation to the authorities disclosing the instances of private hospitals overcharging patients under various heads in the garb of COVID 19 pandemic. A bench of Chief Justice D N Patel and Justice Prateek Jalan disposed of the plea as withdrawn granting liberty to the petitioner to prefer a representation disclosing instances as to how much and under which head a particular hospital is overcharging from the patients. "As and when such representation is received, the same will be decided by the concerned respondent authorities in accordance with law, rules, regulations and government policies applicable to the facts of the case," the bench said during the hearing conducted via video conferencing. Petitioner Kuhu Mohan Bhatnagar contended that people are being overcharged by private super speciality hospitals in the garb of on-going COVID-19 crisis, in the name of PPE kits, isolation charges, sanitation and hygiene charges, bio waste disposal charges and this has become an additional burden on patients in these challenging times when people are facing a financial crisis in view of the lockdown. She had sought direction to the Centre, represented through Central government standing counsel Ajay Digpaul, and Delhi government to issue directions to the private hospitals not to charge the patients for PPE kits or other COVID-19 essentials or disposables. The plea, filed through advocate N K Bhatnagar, had also sought to direct the governments to issue directions to the private hospitals to immediately stop overcharging the non C-19ovid patients in the name of isolation charges and put a cap or upper limit on such charges. The woman narrated her ordeal saying she has experienced the sudden hike in hospital fees and procedural charges while she was pregnant and was undergoing treatment at a private hospital in Dwarka. She said in view of the increased charges, she had to shift to a smaller hospital at the 11th hour where she delivered a child during the lockdown on May 15, after which she filed the petition. SKV HMP SA

COVID-19: HC allows woman to give representation to authorities on overcharging by pvt hospitals

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="https://www.cnbc.com/video/2018/01/09/gilead-ceo-we-still-intend-to-invest-in-ma-and-our-pipeline.html">Screenshot via CNBC</a>Gilead CEO John Milligan</div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>Gilead CEO John Milligan said in July that he'll step down by the end of the year.</li><li>Four months later, the biotech company still hasn't announced his replacement.</li><li>According to RBC Capital Markets analyst Brian Abrahams, here's who could replace Milligan. </li></ul>It's been four months since Gilead Sciences CEO John Milligan said <a href="https://www.gilead.com/news/press-releases/2018/7/gilead-sciences-announces-ceo-john-f-milligan-to-step-down">he'd be stepping down</a> from the role at the end of the year.And so far, it's not clear who will pick up the torch after he departs. Gilead is <a href="https://www.gilead.com/research/pipeline">known for its HIV and hepatitis C medications</a>, and in 2017 it<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-gilead-bought-kite-pharma-for-12-billion-2017-8"> acquired drugmaker Kite Pharma,</a> launching it into a cutting-edge area of cancer medicine. Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-gilead-spent-12-billion-buying-kite-pharma-2017-8">Here's why Gilead broke its dealmaking hiatus and splurged $12 billion on a cancer treatment</a>With 2019 fast approaching, RBC Capital Markets biotech analyst Brian Abrahams posited a list of likely candidates for the job. "Our sense from speaking with investors is that a CEO with a strong history of successful business development would be particularly well received," Abrahams wrote in a note Tuesday. A spokeswoman for Gilead said there's no update on the search<h2>Here are the likely candidates:</h2><ul><li>Jennifer Teubert, Johnson &amp; Johnson's executive vice president and worldwide chairman for pharmaceuticals. Teubert has experience in HIV, infections diseases, cancer, and immunology - all areas of focus for Gilead. </li><li>Pascal Soriot, CEO of AstraZeneca. <a href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/astra-zeneca-mulls-over-choice-of-successor-to-pascal-soriot-55k5bw56c">The Sunday Times reported in November</a> that the pharma giant has begun succession planning for Soriot.</li><li>Emma Walmsley, CEO of GlaxoSmithKline. Walmsley has only been in the role for a little over a year, but Abrahams notes that she, GSK Pharmaceuticals President Luke Miels, or chief strategy officer David Redfern would make good replacements as Gilead CEO because of their experience in HIV. </li><li>Daniel O'Day, CEO of Roche Pharmaceuticals. At the<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-roche-acquired-foundation-medicine-and-flatiron-health-2018-7"> helm of Roche</a>, O'Day has been involved in deals like the $1.9 billion acquisition of Flatiron Health and the $2.4 billion bid for Foundation Medicine. </li><li>Ian Smith, executive vice president and chief operating officer of Vertex Pharmaceuticals. Smith's been at Vertex since 2001. </li><li>Paul Clancy, chief financial officer of Alexion Pharmaceuticals. Clancy stepped into the role in July 2017 after serving as Biogen's CFO for a decade. </li><li>Gilead could also turn to executives with scientific background like Hal Barron, who joined GSK in 2017 as chief scientific officer, long-time Regeneron CSO <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-regenerons-still-in-the-competitive-checkpoint-inhibitor-space-2018-2">George Yancopoulos,</a> or Lawrence Blatt, who was formerly the global head of infectious disease and vaccines at J&amp;J. </li></ul>Gilead could also count on some former executives to step back into the CEO role. <ul><li>Bob Hugin, former Celgene CEO. Hugin <a href="https://www.statnews.com/2018/11/07/hugin-loses-reelection-bid/">recently lost a bid for US senator.</a></li><li>Jeremy Levin, CEO of Ovid Therapeutics. Levin had a short stint as CEO of Teva Pharmaceuticals between 2012 and 2013. </li><li>David Hung, former CEO of Medivation. Hung left the company after <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/axovant-ceo-david-hung-formerly-at-medivation-on-building-companies-2017-9">Pfizer acquired the cancer drugmaker for $14 billion</a> acquisition. Hung served as CEO of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/david-hung-resigns-as-axovant-ceo-2018-2">biotech Axovant for 10 months </a>before stepping down in February. </li><li>Chris Viehbacher, former CEO of Sanofi. Viehbacher currently serves as a managing partner at <a href="https://www.gurnetpointcapital.com/about">Gurnet Point Capital</a>, a venture fund based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. </li></ul>Gilead could also choose to promote internally. Should that happen, Abrahams wrote, Laura Hamill, the company's <a href="https://www.gilead.com/news/press-releases/2018/8/gilead-sciences-appoints-laura-hamill-as-executive-vice-president-worldwide-commercial-operations">newly hired executive vice president of worldwide commercial operations</a>, could be a good fit. See also: <ul><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/gsk-ceo-emma-walmsley-on-diversity-in-pharma-2018-1">The first female big pharma CEO had the perfect response to a question about women in leadership</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-regenerons-still-in-the-competitive-checkpoint-inhibitor-space-2018-2">Regeneron's coming late to a group of drugs that's already worth billions - here's why the company thinks it can still compete</a></li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-roche-acquired-foundation-medicine-and-flatiron-health-2018-7">We spoke to the CEO of Roche Pharmaceuticals about how the pharma giant became a deal machine in 2018</a></li></ul> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/what-over-exercise-does-body-brain-health-2018-4">It's possible to exercise too much - here's what it can do to your body and brain</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

Gilead's CEO is leaving by the end of the year, and the biotech giant still hasn't picked a replacement. Wall Street has a few ideas.

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Good morning! Here's what you need to know:
Alibaba's Record-Breaking IPO May Already Be Covered. "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-alibabas-record-ipo-covered-after-first-few-roadshow-meetings-sources-2014-9">Alibaba Group Holding Ltd has received enough orders for its record-breaking initial public offering</a> to cover the entire deal within just two days of its launch, people familiar with the IPO process said on Wednesday," reported Reuters' Jessica Toonkel, Olivian Oran and Elzio Barreto. "There was no indication as to where most of that demand was in the $60-$66 per share indicative range for the IPO, said the people, who couldn't be named because details of the offering demand aren't yet public."
...Investors Say Alibaba's Jack Ma Is Killing It... "While corporate governance remains a concern, several fund managers and analysts said [Alibaba CEO] <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-jack-ma-capital-lite-model-impress-at-alibabas-boston-ipo-event-2014-9">Ma gave an impressive performance</a> during the company's pitch in Boston on Tuesday for what stands to be the largest-ever U.S. technology IPO," reported Reuters' Tim McLaughlin. "He's executed well," said Will Danoff, who runs Fidelity Investments' $111 billion Contrafund.
...But None Of Alibaba's Bankers Have The Whole Story. "Alibaba Group Holding Ltd's desire to keep tight control over its $21.1 billion share sale has left a vacuum at the helm of its banking syndicate, leading underwriters to take unusual steps to manage the offering, according to sources familiar with the situation," reported Reuters' Liana Baker, Elzio Barreto and Olivia Oran. "The move gives Alibaba control of the process as no one bank has a complete picture of what is going on. It also helps avoid potential pitfalls of relying too much on one institution. Facebook's botched 2012 IPO was also one of the reasons for this choice, sources have previously said."
Dollar General Goes Hostile With Family Dollar Bid. "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-dollar-general-to-go-hostile-with-91-billion-family-dollar-bid-sources-2014-9">Dollar General Corp said it would take its $9.1 billion offer</a> directly to shareholders of Family Dollar Stores Inc , after being spurned twice by its smaller rival," reported Reuters' Siddharth Cavale. "The company said it had started a tender offer to buy all shares of Family Dollar for $80 per share."
Microsoft Is Near A $2 Billion Deal. "<a href="http://online.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-near-deal-to-buy-minecraft-1410300213">Microsoft Corp. is in serious discussions to buy Mojang AB</a>, the Swedish company behind the popular 'Minecraft' videogame, according to a person with knowledge of the matter," reported the WSJ's Evelyn Rusli, Shira Ovide, Sven Grudenberg and Joann Lublin. "The deal would be valued at more than $2 billion and could be signed as early as this week, the person said. A Microsoft spokesman declined comment, as did Mojang Chief Executive Carl Manneh."
U.S. Mortgage Applications Drop. The MBA Mortgage Applications Index dropped by 7.2% during the week ending September 5, a sign that fewer Americans are on the market to buy a home.
Sign Of Life In The French Economy. Industrial production activity unexpectedly climbed by 0.2% month-over-month in July; economists were expecting a 0.5% decline from the ailing economy. "A second month of positive growth in the French industrial sector is encouraging, but mean-reversion in energy production is distorting the headline print," noted Pantheon Macroeconomics' Claus Vistesen. "Energy production was up 2.0% month-on-month with the other key goods production components weak across the board. The improvement is real, but we would like to see more broad-based gains across sectors before we get too optimistic."
Markets Are Mixed. In Europe, Britain's FTSE is up 0.2%, France's CAC 40 is up 0.1%, and Germany's DAX is flat. Asia closed mixed with Japan's Nikkei up 0.2% and Hong Kong's Hang Seng down 1.9%. U.S. futures are up modestly with Dow futures up 13 points and S&amp;P futures up 1.4 points.
Ackman Goes Hyperbolic On Allergan. "Allergan has distinguished itself in running the most shareholder-unfriendly, hostile defense process perhaps in the history of corporate America," said Pershing Square Capital's Bill <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/ackman-letter-to-allergan-2014-9">Ackman in a letter to Allergan's board</a>. Ackman and Valeant Pharmaceuticals are currently trying to take over the Botox-maker.
Santander Chairman Dies. "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/r-santander-chairman-emilio-botin-dies-aged-79-2014-9">Emilio Botin, one of Spain's most powerful men</a>who transformed Santander from a small domestic lender into the euro zone's biggest bank, has died of a heart attack, aged 79," reported Reuters' Sonya Dowsett and Sarah White. "The bank said on Wednesday it would hold a board meeting later in the day to nominate a successor as chairman. Analysts and investors have long expected this would be Botin's eldest daughter Ana Botin, who heads Santander's British business."

10 Things You Need To Know Before The Opening Bell

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image">AP Photo </div></div>We've all heard Albert Einstein's famous line: "Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results."
As it turns out, insanity might be crediting that quote to Einstein over and over again. He never said it.
Misattributions like this happen pretty often. One person <keyword id="35170" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="quotes">quotes</keyword> someone else without a shoutout, and all of a sudden, they become the original speaker. Or we just decide a quote sounds like something Mark Twain would say.
These 12 surprising examples are credited to people who never really said them.
1. "Let them eat cake." - not Marie Antoinette 
Not only did Marie Antoinette not utter these <keyword id="6355068" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Words">words</keyword>, if she had, everyone probably misunderstood her.
In Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Book 6" of his 12-volume autobiographical work, "Confessions," he writes, "At length I recollected the thoughtless saying of a great princess, who, on being informed that the countrypeople had no bread, replied, "Then let them eat pastry!" according to <a href="http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/let-them-eat-cake.html"> Phrase Finder</a>.
Most people assume "great princess" refers to Marie Antoinette. But Rousseau wrote those words in 1767 - when Marie Antoinette was 12 years old. She also didn't marry Louis XVI until 1770.
Even if Marie Antoinette did utter the phrase, the original version in French, "Qu'ils mangent de la brioche," means "Let them eat brioche" - a type of crumbly French pastry (not unlike cake but not totally the same) eaten by the upperclass. The misinterpreted quote portrays Marie Antoinette as a callous patrician, unconcerned with the plight of the poor. But she could have meant the wealthy should stop monopolizing food and share with the lower classes - if she said it.
Other sources credit Marie-Therese, Marie Antoinette's eldest child (and the wife of Louis XIV).
2. "I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it." - not Voltaire
Voltaire didn't actually speak these words, but the idea does fall in line with his ideology.
In her well-known biography of the French philosopher, <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Friends-Voltaire-S-G-Tallentyre/dp/1160008795">"Friends of Voltaire,"</a> Evelyn Beatrice Hall writes, "'I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it,' was his attitude now."
The author was paraphrasing how she thought Voltaire felt about a certain topic. Everyone just decided the quote was real.
3. "Standing on the shoulders of giants" - not Sir Isaac Newton
Perhaps the most well-known phrase attributed to Sir Isaac Newton, these words appeared in a letter Newton wrote to Robert Hooke, another English philosopher and mathematician. But Newton didn't coin the phrase himself. He was alluding to a simile said much earlier by Bernard of Chartres, a 12th-century man.
John of Salisbury wrote that Bernard of Chartres used to say that "we [the Moderns] are like dwarves perched on the shoulders of giants [the Ancients], and thus we are able to see more and farther than the latter."
4. "Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure." - not Nelson Mandela 
This fanciful excerpt from the former South African president's 1994 inaugural address has floated around the Internet for years. The passage goes on:
It is our light, not our darkness that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented, fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be? You are a child of God. Your playing small does not serve the world ... As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.
But crediting Mandela for these words right after getting out of prison seems downright ridiculous. Brian Morton puts it best in <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/opinion/falser-words-were-never-spoken.html?_r=0">The New York Times:</a>
"Picture it: Mr. Mandela, newly free after 27 years in prison, using his inaugural platform to inform us that we all have the right to be gorgeous, talented and fabulous, and that thinking so will liberate others," Morton writes.
In reality, self-help guru Marianne Williamson wrote these words in her 1989 spiritual best-seller, "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0060927488/qid=1110256933/sr=2-2/ref=pd_bbs_b_2_2/&quot;%20target=&quot;_blank">A Return To Love."</a> The <a href="http://www.marianne.com/">front page of her website</a> even boasts about the excerpt.
5. "Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter." - not Mark Twain/Jack Benny/Muhammad Ali
People throw this quote around all the time, accompanied by arbitrary attributions. With a little help from <a href="http://quoteinvestigator.com/2012/12/18/age-mind/#more-5042">Quote Investigator,</a> the problem becomes clear: No one knows who said it. The first reference found comes from an anonymous government researcher in 1968. "Aging is a matter of mind. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter."
Since then, the quote morphed to include "mind over matter." Comedian Jack Benny said it on his 80th birthday. A South Carolina newspaper credited Twain in 1970. And in 1981, Muhammad Ali flipped the phrase at a journalist while preparing for his last fight.
6. "Be who you are and say what you feel because those who mind don't matter, and those who matter don't mind." - not Dr. Seuss
<a href="http://quoteinvestigator.com/2012/12/04/those-who-mind/">QI</a> also debunked this famous misconception. We'd like to think Theodor Seuss Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss, would wholly support the concept, but the reality feels a little more depressing: No evidence of the phrase exists in any of his books, and a snarky engineer coined the original.
The quote first appeared in 1938 in a London journal for municipal and county engineers. An ambiguous "Mr. Davies" directed the words toward people who criticized his housing designs.
The phrase morphed into advice about seating arrangements and a poem used in The Wall Street Journal. Dr. Seuss didn't come into play until the 2000s, mostly in high school yearbooks.
7. "Well-behaved women rarely make <keyword id="29052" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="history">history</keyword>." - not Marilyn Monroe
In 2007, Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, a celebrated female historian, wrote a book titled, "Well-Behaved Women Rarely Make History." Some suspect she swiped the title of her best-seller from the 1950s' favorite buxom blonde: Marilyn Monroe.
But they're wrong. Ulrich first wrote the phrase in 1976 for an issue of "American Quarterly," according to <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/30/books/review/harrison.html?pagewanted=all">The New York Times.</a> The original version refers to colonial woman in a very literal way. We know almost nothing about well-behaved, quiet women from that time period.
8. "There's a sucker born every minute." - not P.T. Barnum 
One of Barnum's biggest competitors and critics actually said this, according to <a href="http://www.amazon.com/P-T-Barnum-The-Legend-Man/dp/0231056877">"P.T. Barnum: The Legend And The Man,"</a> a biography by A.H. Saxon.
In a 1948 article in the "Bridgeport Post," the anonymous author asked Adam Forepaugh if he could quote him on the "sucker" statement.
"Just say it's one of Barnum's slogans which I am borrowing for the occasion. It sounds more like him than it does me anyway," Forepaugh replied.
Barnum did, however, say, "The people like to be humbugged," which somehow doesn't seem as rude.
9. "If you have to ask how much they are, you can't afford one." - not J.P. Morgan
No evidence exists that Morgan actually spoke these words, typically referenced as his response to an inquiry about the price of his lavish yachts. Biographer Jean Strouse doesn't think the quote fits Morgan's language style either, according to the <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=d6JZryGvfxYC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=The+Quotes+Verifier&amp;num=3&amp;client=internal-uds&amp;cd=1&amp;source=uds#v=twopage&amp;q=The%20Quotes%20Verifier&amp;f=true">The Quote Verifier</a>.
Strouse did, however, stumble upon a recording of Morgan's response to Henry Clay Pierce's question about his yacht's price. "You have no right to own a yacht if you ask that question," he said. Different words. Still uppity.
10."If you're not a liberal when you're 25, you have no heart. If you're not a conservative by the time you're 35, you have no brain." - not Winston Churchill
Churchill never said this, according to the <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/learn/myths/myths/quotes-falsely-attributed-to-him" target="_blank" title="Churchill Centre and Museum">Churchill Centre and Museum</a> in London. In fact, Paul Addison of Edinburgh University mentions this: "Surely Churchill can't have used the words attributed to him. He'd been a Conservative at 15 and a Liberal at 35! And would he have talked so disrespectfully of Clemmie, who is generally thought to have been a lifelong Liberal?"
Instead, Francois Guizot coined the phrase in the 19th century. "Not to be a republican at 20 is proof of want of heart; to be one at 30 is proof of want of head."
11. "The ends justify the means." - not Niccolo Machiavelli
In "Heroides II," the Roman poet Ovid writes, "Exitus acta probat," which translates as "the outcome justifies the means." The closest Machiavelli comes to this idea, according to the <a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2011/0603/Political-misquotes-The-10-most-famous-things-never-actually-said/The-ends-justify-the-means.-Niccolo-Machiavelli">Christian Science Monitor,</a> occurs in "The Prince." He argues that people will always consider a prince's means as honest and praise him.
Considering he dedicated the book to the Medici family, who later arrested and tortured him, Machiavelli may have written the entire book satirically.
12. "Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results." - not Albert Einstein
Different versions of this quote<a href="http://www.salon.com/2013/08/06/the_definition_of_insanity_is_the_most_overused_cliche_of_all_time/"> appear everywhere</a> (doing the same thing twice, expecting the same result, etc.), and we owe none of them to Einstein.
After Michael Becker, an editor at the <a href="http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/">Bozeman Daily Chronicle</a> (a local paper in Montana), let the wrong version slide into an editorial, he did some research on his <a href="http://www.news.hypercrit.net/2012/11/13/einstein-on-misattribution-i-probably-didnt-say-that/">personal blog.</a>
Becker traced the original back to Rita Mae Brown, the mystery novelist. In her 1983 book "Sudden Death," she attributes the quote to a fictional "Jane Fulton," writing, "Unfortunately, Susan didn't remember what Jane Fulton once said. 'Insanity is doing the same thing over and over again, but expecting different results.'"
Now, go throw away half your coffee mugs and inspirational posters.

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