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<ul><li>The mysteries around Osiris, the first-ever planet to be discovered outside the boundaries of our <keyword id="52393" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Solar-System">solar system</keyword>, are still being revealed.</li><li>A new study published in Nature has determined that the exoplanet was formed 100 times further from its host than its current position.</li><li>A team of researchers from the University of Warwick were able to draw this conclusion by measuring the molecules in Osiris’ atmosphere — a technique that’s been used for the very first time.</li></ul>Osiris, officially called HD 209458 b, is the first-ever planet that astronomers spotted beyond the reaches of Earth’s solar system. And a new study published in Nature by researchers at the University of Warwick revealed the presence of six chemicals in Osiris’ atmosphere.<br /><br />And, the mix and match of these chemicals suggest that the exoplanet was much farther out than its current position when it originally came into existence — 100 times, at least.<br /><ul>    </ul>The outer layer of the exoplanet is made up of hydrogen cyanide, methane, ammonia, acetyl, carbon monoxide and low amounts of water vapour.<br /><br />The surprising abundance of carbon-based molecules suggests that there are as many carbon atoms as oxygen atoms in the atmosphere. According to the study, this is double the amount of carbon atoms than expected.<br /><br />This is the first time that so many molecules have been measured to try and pinpoint where these giant, hot planets — akin to <keyword id="34757" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jupiter">Jupiter</keyword> — originally came into existence. And it explains why the birthplace of Osiris wasn’t anywhere near its host star.<br /><br />          <div type="image" title="Exoplanet_Comparison_HD_209458_b_edited" msid="81953646" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Comparison of exoplanet HD 209458b (right) to Jupiter (left)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div><br /><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Osiris was born as far away from its Sun as Jupiter or Saturn" comment="subhead" text="Osiris was born as far away from its Sun as Jupiter or Saturn"><span data-til="noop">Osiris was born as far away from its Sun as Jupiter or <keyword id="42442" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Saturn">Saturn</keyword></span></cmsannotation><br />Osiris is currently located around 7 million kilometres from its Sun, which is around one-twelfth of the distance between the Earth and its Sun — even closer than Mercury is to our seething star.<br /><br />But it wasn’t always this way. The study pegs that Osiris was most likely as far out as Jupiter or Saturn in our own solar system. This puts it anywhere from 758.04 million kilometres to 1.49 billion kilometres from its host star in its early days.<br /><br /><div type="image" title="170726main_Hot_Jupiter_lgweb" msid="81953898" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;An artist&amp;#39;s concept of a &amp;quot;Hot Jupiter&amp;quot; extrasolar planet like HD 209458b&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div><br />Had the exoplanet formed in the same position that it is now, it would have a lot more oxygen atoms. Instead of chemicals like hydrogen cyanide, methane, and ammonia, there would be more hydrogen and carbon monoxide.<br /><br /><cmsannotation type="cmsannotation" annotationid="Shedding light on a mystery that has lasted two decades" comment="subhead" text="Shedding light on a mystery that has lasted two decades"><span data-til="noop">Shedding light on a mystery that has lasted two decades</span></cmsannotation><br />Having a full portfolio of facts is important nonetheless. “It's really important that we don't work under the assumptions that there are only a couple of molecular species that are important to determine the spectra of these planets, as has frequently been done before,” said Matteo Brogi, a member of the team from the University of Warwick.<br /><br />Despite being aware of Osiris for over two decades, there’s still very little we know about this exoplanet located 159 light years away.<br /><br />Exoplanets are planets located outside the Earth’s solar system. And they are the prime targets for finding another habitable planet, which humans can one day live on or find other forms of life with whom to communicate.<br /><strong><br />SEE ALSO:<br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/earth-isnt-the-only-planet-with-rain-and-it-could-be-the-key-to-finding-a-habitable-planet-outside-the-solar-system/articleshow/81926108.cms">Raindrops on other planets could be key in search for life beyond the solar system</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/even-if-india-opens-up-covid-19-vaccination-for-everyone-above-18-years-of-age-it-will-take-another-six-to-seven-months-to-vaccinate-the-entire-country/articleshow/81914988.cms">Even if India opens up COVID-19 vaccination for everyone above 18 years of age, it will take another six to seven months to vaccinate the entire country</a><br /><br /></strong><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/lockdown-trends-are-starting-to-re-emerge-as-india-faces-second-wave-of-covid-19-infections/articleshow/81912266.cms"><strong>Lockdown trends are starting to re-emerge as India faces second wave of COVID-19 infections</strong></a><br />

The first-ever exoplanet discovered was born at least a 100 times farther away from its Sun than where it is now — and has six chemicals in its atmosphere to prove it

<p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><ul><li><strong>The Cassini spacecraft was destroyed at Saturn on Friday around 6:32 a.m. EDT.</strong></li><li><strong>It took more than an hour for the probe's last signal to reach antennas on Earth.</strong></li><li><strong>NASA's $3.26-billion mission was ended to prevent contaminating salty oceans of Saturn's moons - water that may harbor alien life.</strong></li><li><strong>The space agency is now reviewing a handful of proposals to return to Saturn and its moons.</strong></li></ul><p>With the crackle and fade of a signal beamed from 932 million miles away, NASA's 20-year Cassini mission at Saturn came to an end on Friday morning.</p><p>The bus-size Cassini probe began its descent into Saturn around 6:31 a.m. EDT, local time, while streaming unprecedented real-time measurements of the planet's atmosphere. The probe ramped up its thrusters to keep its antenna dish pointed toward Earth to send the data.</p><p>However, its connection with Earth didn't last much longer: The thrusters weren't designed to keep a spacecraft righted while plunging into Saturn at 78,000 mph.</p><p>Cassini began to tumble, breaking its last bond with Earth around 7:55 a.m. The signal was lost. And then the probe died.</p><p>It's unlikely that anyone saw it happen - <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/cassini-death-will-it-be-visible-nasa-hubble-telescopes-2017-9">not even powerful telescopes</a> - but NASA surmises that its "faithful traveler from Earth" heated up to hundreds and then thousands of degrees, broke apart, disintegrated, and vaporized into a small, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/cassini-saturn-mission-death-plutonium-238-burn-up-2017-8">plutonium-laced meteor</a> that streaked above Saturn's clouds.</p><p><br>Before dying, Cassini's final communication traveled at light-speed from Saturn, taking just <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/time-cassini-will-be-destroyed-timeline-2017-9">over 1 hour 23 minutes</a> to pass through the void of space and reach Earth. Giant radio dishes in Australia picked up the signal&#xa0;and forwarded the data to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (the heart of the Cassini mission).</br></p><p>Silence fell over the control<span>&#xa0;room, which was full of Cassini's scientific stewards and their family members. Everyone stared at their screens.&#xa0;</span>When the feed of data stopped,&#xa0;people&#xa0;clapped, then hugged, and many could be heard crying.</p><p>"The signal from the spacecraft is gone, and so will be the spacecraft in the next 45 seconds," said Earl Maize, an engineer at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who manages the Cassini mission, during a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/cassini-grand-finale-video-nasa-youtube-ustream-2017-9">live broadcast by NASA TV</a>. "This has been an incredible spacecraft, an incredible mission, and you're all an incredible team."</p><p>NASA could not&#xa0;confirm exactly what time Cassini met its doom, though the agency estimated it happened seconds to minutes after they lost touch with the probe.</p><p>One thing is clear, though: The space agency's $3.26-billion mission to explore Saturn is over.</p><p>"Thank you, Cassini, and farewell," Maize said during a press conference on Wednesday.</p><h2>Why NASA killed the Cassini probe</h2><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>Cassini left Earth with 6,900 lbs of propellant in its tanks. This allowed it to adjust its orbit around Saturn and visit one moon after the next, leading to astonishing discoveries.<p>The probe discovered six new moons, mysterious "propeller objects" in <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/earth-saturn-rings-image-cassini-2017-4">Saturn's rings</a>, documented a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/saturn-hexagon-storm-images-2017-5">giant hexagon</a> swirling atop the planet's north pole, photographed <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/incredible-pictures-of-lakes-on-saturns-moon-titan-2013-12">hydrocarbon lakes</a> on Titan (Saturn's largest moon), and found a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/earth-water-ice-volume-versus-planets-moons-2016-11">vast ocean</a> of salty water - which may harbor alien life - below the icy crust of the moon <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/saturns-moon-enceladus-cassini-ocean-life-global-salty-nasa-2015-9">Enceladus</a>.</p><p>In 2010, Cassini had enough propellant left to either fly by Uranus or Neptune, or continue to explore Saturn and its moons.</p><p>If it had flown past one of those planets and shot out into space, Cassini would have had enough <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nuclear-powered-spacecraft-nasa-history-2017-3">plutonium-238 fuel</a> to keep its electricity running for decades - just like the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/voyager-probes-mission-history-farthest-movie-2018-08">Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes</a>, which launched 40 years ago and have left the solar system.</p><p>But with so many questions about Saturn still unanswered, NASA decided to keep Cassini in orbit there - and doom it to its fiery "<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/cassini-grand-finale">Grand Finale</a>" death in September 2017. With less than 90 lbs of propellant left on Friday, the spacecraft plunged &#xa0;to its demise. The scientists chose to kill the probe this way to avoid the&#xa0;risk that it could run out of fuel and crash into one of Saturn's&#xa0;potentially life-fostering moons.&#xa0;</p><p>"Because of <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-planetary-protection-officer-job-opening-2017-7">planetary protection</a>, and our desire to go back to Enceladus, and go back to Titan," Jim Green, the leader of NASA's planetary <keyword id="41551" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="100" keywordseo="science">science</keyword> program, said during a Wednesday press briefing, "we must protect those bodies for future exploration."</p><p><br>Extending the mission at Saturn helped Cassini's controllers to pile on discovery after discovery.</br></p><p>The probe had discovered jets of water shooting out of Enceladus in 2005. This was astonishing enough, but the extension allowed Cassini to "taste" the spray, confirming the moon hides a <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/saturns-moon-enceladus-cassini-ocean-life-global-salty-nasa-2015-9">salty ocean</a> below its ice-encrusted surface. Cassini also learned that Titan, too, may harbor its own <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/water-space-volume-planets-moons-2016-10">habitable, subsurface seas</a>.</p><p>"To find that there's an ocean world so tiny with <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/saturn-encealdus-hydrothermal-vent-aliens-2017-4">a possibility of life</a>, so far from the sun - 10 times farther from the sun than the Earth - has opened up our paradigm of where you might look for life," <a href="https://science.jpl.nasa.gov/people/Spilker/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Linda Spilker</a>, a Cassini project scientist and planetary scientist at NASA's JPL, said of Enceladus on Wednesday, "both within our own solar system and in the exoplanet systems beyond."</p><h2>Will there be a Cassini 2.0?</h2><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div><p>Cassini is now dust falling through Saturn's clouds, and NASA has no other spacecraft there to study the planet, its rings, and fleet of moons.</p><p>But NASA is itching to fuel up more nuclear batteries, build a new spacecraft, and return to the planetary system.</p><p>"The observations by Cassini have been so remarkable for Enceladus and Titan, that ... we announced the inclusion of those two objects in our focused science program called <a href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/2017/05/05/nasa-receives-proposals-for-future-solar-system-mission" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">New Frontiers</a>," Green said on Wednesday. "Those proposals are in and currently under evaluation, and they do indeed include proposals to go back to Titan and Enceladus. We'll look through this competition and see what happens."</p><p></p><div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div><p></p></div></div>New Frontiers has produced missions like <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/pluto-tail-new-horizons-comet-planet-hybrid-2016-5">New Horizons</a>, which flew by Pluto (and is on its way into the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/number-dwarf-planets-solar-system-2017-3">Kuiper Belt</a>); <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/latest-jupiter-pictures-nasa-juno-2017-7">Juno</a>, which is currently orbiting Jupiter; and <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/nasa-osiris-rex-asteroid-sampling-mission-2016-9">OSIRIS-REx</a>, a probe designed to suck up bits of Asteroid Bennu in 2018 and return that sample to Earth in 2023.<p>Spilker wrote and submitted one of the latest New Frontiers proposals with <a href="https://scienceandtechnology.jpl.nasa.gov/people/m_cable" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Morgan Cable</a>, a fellow Cassini scientist. If approved, they'll get about $800 million, nuclear power supplies, and a rocket to make their mission happen.</p><p>"We've put together a proposal ... to go back to Enceladus with the kinds of instruments that you would need to address the questions about the habitability and 'is there life in the ocean of Enceladus?' The mission's called Enceladus Life Finder," Spilker told Business Insider.</p><p>She'll find out in December whether or not the proposal made the first cut, and gets a year to more deeply study and flesh out a mission plan. There are 11 competing proposals, about half of which also propose a return to Saturn.</p><p>"Certainly if my mission doesn't get selected, then I will be rooting for a mission to go back to the Saturn system," Spilker said. "Because as Cassini ends, part of me is saying 'I need to go back.'"</p><div><div style="position:relative;padding-bottom:43%"></div></div><div><div style="position:relative;padding-bottom:57%"></div></div>    <div class="margin-top">        <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/5-biggest-discoveries-nasa-saturn-cassini-huygens-2017-5">The 5 biggest discoveries from NASA's Cassini spacecraft that changed our view of space</a></h3>        <div>                    </div>    </div>

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The first-ever exoplanet discovered was born at least a 100 times farther away from its Sun than where it is now — and has six chemicals in its atmosphere to prove it

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NASA's groundbreaking Cassini probe is dead after 20 years of exploring Saturn

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