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The onset of a strong El Niño event led to an unusual winter season, with <keyword id="6355648" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="summer" source="Orion">summer</keyword>-like conditions arriving prematurely as early as February this year. Although the El Niño phenomenon has now moderated and is transitioning towards a neutral phase, the country must prepare for an exceptionally harsh summer ahead.<br /><br />If you've been struggling with the heat already, the news isn't comforting. The <keyword id="19895063" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="india" source="keywords">India</keyword> Meteorological Department (<keyword id="19933636" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="imd" source="keywords">IMD</keyword>) has issued a stark warning for the upcoming summer season spanning from April to June, anticipating scorching temperatures and prolonged heatwaves across most regions of the country.<br /><br />Expect both daytime and nighttime temperatures to remain higher than usual in many areas, except for parts of northeast and northwest India. Extended periods of intense heatwaves are forecasted to affect South, Central, and East India, as well as the northwestern plains, throughout April, May, and June.<br /><br />Moreover, there's a significant likelihood of heatwaves lasting 10-20 days, surpassing the typical duration of 4-8 days. Central and western regions, including Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Odisha, are anticipated to experience the brunt of these extreme heatwaves.<br /><br />In terms of pre-monsoon rainfall, April is expected to see normal rains, with increased precipitation predicted for May and June in Northwest, Central, North Peninsular, East, and Northeast India. However, coastal areas in both the East and West, as well as West-central India, can expect below-normal rainfall, offering little relief from the sweltering conditions.<br /><br />Heatwaves pose serious risks, particularly for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with health issues, who are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses like heatstroke, heat exhaustion, and dehydration. Additionally, extreme heat can strain power grids, transportation, and other infrastructure. To mitigate these risks, proactive measures such as establishing cooling centres, issuing heat advisories, and implementing strategies to reduce urban heat buildup are crucial.<br /><br />Furthermore, this period of intense heat coincides with the <keyword id="19895394" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="lok-sabha" source="keywords">Lok Sabha</keyword> elections (April 19th - June 1st), where nearly a billion people are expected to participate. Union Earth Sciences Minister Kiren Rijiju emphasised the need for India to prepare adequately due to its large population and extreme weather conditions. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) has issued a <keyword id="6371478" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="heatwave" source="Orion">heatwave</keyword> advisory for the elections, urging electoral bodies to work with states to prevent heat-related incidents during public gatherings.<br /><br />In summary, India is bracing for a challenging summer characterised by above-normal temperatures and prolonged heatwaves. Remaining informed and taking necessary precautions will be vital for navigating this period safely.<br />

India in for brutal heatwave conditions from April to June; likely to have sizzling impact on Lok Sabha elections

<br /><ul><li><keyword id="7561057" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="cyclone-fani">Cyclone Fani</keyword> is shaping up to be the biggest storm to pass through the Bay of Bengal since 2008.</li><li>An image of Cyclone Fani capture by NASA shows the storm growing in size and heading north-east along India’s eastern coast. </li><li>The growing intensity and frequency of cyclones is indicative global climate change.</li></ul>As Cyclone Fani strengthens and people are evacuated from India’s eastern coast, the evidence of <keyword id="6366055" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-warming">global warming</keyword> can be seen in the images captured from outer space. <br /><br />
  
  <div type="image" title="thumbnail_Fani-768x625" msid="69138904" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;On May 1, 2019, the MODIS instrument aboard NASA&amp;#8217;s Terra satellite provided a visible image of Tropical Cyclone Fani in the Northern Indian Ocean, off the coast southeastern India&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>





<br />The picture captured using the MODIS instrument aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Terra satellite — launched on 18 December, 1999 — shows how the storm is growing in size. <br /><br />
  
  <div type="image" title="Global_tropical_cyclone_tracks-edit2" msid="69138925" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Cyclones intensifying from 1985 to 2005, the map was created with the WPTC track map generator by Nilfanion&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>





<br />According to <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fani-is-indias-strongest-april-cyclone-in-43-years-say-meteorologists/article26995965.ece">meteorologists</a>, Cyclone Fani is the strongest April cyclone to hit India in 43 years. In fact, severe cyclones like Fani — although they can form at any time — normally occur in November, once the monsoon season is over. <br /><br />In fact, looking at cyclonic storms that have hit the Bay of Bengal between 1965 to 2017, only two of 46 ‘severe’ storms occurred in April.<br /><br />
  
  <div type="image" title="42bd87f57ad298666f6b057505424ff6" msid="69138951" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Cyclone Fani is very likely to move northwestwards during next 12 hours and thereafter re-curve north-northeastwards and cross Odisha Coast between Gopalpur and Chandbali, to the south of Puri around 3rd May afternoon with maximum sustained wind of speed 175-185 kmph gusting to 205 kmph&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>





<br />The head of the Indian Meteorological Department told <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fani-is-indias-strongest-april-cyclone-in-43-years-say-meteorologists/article26995965.ece">The Hindu</a>, “This is a cyclone that’s forming due to the warming of the Bay of Bengal basin…with global warming we have to be prepared for such occurrences and take precaution accordingly.”<br /><br />Cyclone Fani is shaping up to be the biggest storm to hit the Bay of Bengal since 2008 according to the <a href="https://weather.com/en-IN/india/news/news/2019-04-30-cyclone-fani-live-extremely-severe-storm-odisha-west-bengal">Weather Channel.</a> And, it’s heading towards the state of Odisha at 190 kilometers per hour.<br /><br />Sarat Chandra Sahu, the Director of the Center for Environment and Climate at the SOA University told <a href="https://indiaclimatedialogue.net/2018/10/17/cyclones-buffet-odisha-as-temperatures-rise/">indiaclimatedialogue</a>, “Because of global warming, sea surface temperature remains higher in the Bay of Bengal leading to generation and intensification of cyclonic systems. The southern coasts of Odisha experience cyclonic storms more frequently since Phailin cyclone of 2013.”<br /><br />
  
  <div type="image" title="earth simulator_edited" msid="69138974" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Cyclone Fani as visualised by the Earth Simulator&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>





<br />Ajay Singh, a climate change researcher with the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, agrees in his study published in <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212670812000437#">Science Direct</a> stating, “Overall, the impact of global warming on the climate of India is clearly visible in the form of increased frequency and intensity of most of the extreme weather events.”<br /><br />The Indian Ocean, in particular has been warming faster than any tropical region on the planet over the past century according to the <a href="http://www.climate.rocksea.org/research/indian-ocean-warming/">Climate Research Lab</a> in IIT Madras . And, so it ends up that the Indian Ocean is also the largest contributor to global ocean surface warming.<br /><br />
  
  <div type="image" title="A5A27780-6D81-4DAC-99EC-5B5A0DA57B7D" msid="69138983" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Fishermen&amp;#39;s taking rest in front of fishes painting because of Cyclone Fani influence over Bay of Bengal at Bheemili in Visakhapatnam on Wednesday&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>





<br />In preparation for the incoming storm, the navy, coast guard and National Disaster Response Force has been put on round the clock alert. Over 80 trains have been cancelled and 800 shelters have been set up.<br /><br /><strong>See also:</strong><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/cyclone-fani-expected-to-make-landfall-in-odisha-on-may-3/articleshow/69138234.cms">Cyclone Fani expected to make landfall in Odisha on May 3</a><br /><br /><a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-is-cyclone-fani-fony-phoni-that-the-met-dept-called-very-severe-in-the-latest-update/articleshow/69107984.cms">Cyclone Fani, a 'very severe' natural disaster is set to hit India's eastern coast</a><br />

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India in for brutal heatwave conditions from April to June; likely to have sizzling impact on Lok Sabha elections

Ashmita Gupta

Cyclone Fani and the impact of global warming captured by NASA

Prabhjote Gill

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