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New Delhi, In a significant ruling, the Supreme Court on Friday dismissed Chinese smartphone brand <keyword id="1731609" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="oppo" source="Orion">OPPO</keyword>'s plea against a Delhi High Court order which directed the company to deposit 23 per cent of the amount generated from its sales in the country for infringing upon <keyword id="6354716" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="nokia" source="Orion">Nokia</keyword>'s patent. A division bench of the Delhi High Court passed the order in July, after it found that the Chinese smartphone brand was using Nokia's technology without the requisite consent. The HC had reached the 23 per cent penalty figure after taking into account OPPO's sales in India which is around 23 per cent of its global sales. A Nokia Technologies spokesperson said in a statement that they welcome the Supreme Court decision. "OPPO has been unwilling to renew its license on fair and reasonable terms or resolve the matter amicably and has used our technology without making any royalty payments for two years," a Nokia spokesperson said. Courts in India, Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, and Brazil have all given their verdicts in Nokia's favour. "Once again, we encourage OPPO to play by the rules, and like its competitors, agree to a license on fair and reasonable terms, rather than continue to operate without one," said Nokia. OPPO had secured a licence from Nokia in 2018 for using some of the Finnish telecom gear company's technology for three years. Nokia alleged that after the expiry of the pact, OPPO sold around 77 million devices in India without paying a single rupee in royalty, according to reports. In July 2022, a German court decided a suit in favour of smartphone brand Nokia in its 4G/5G patent dispute against OPPO. According to GizmoChina, the suit had resulted from the breakdown in discussions between Nokia and OPPO over 4G (LTE) and 5G patents. Nokia had sued OPPO over nine Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) and five implementation patents in three regional German Courts. Nokia is the standard-bearer in the 5G SEPs segment with huge investments of about $130.3 billion. --IANS na/vd

SC dismisses OPPO's challenge to HC order directing it to pay 23% of India sales to Nokia

<div style="float: right; margin: 15px 0 20px 20px;"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2"><a href="https://static-ssl.businessinsider.com/category/chart-of-the-day"> </a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/category/chart-of-the-day"></a></td><td><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-of-the-day-get-ready-for-a-monster-q4-2014-10"></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div>Patent litigation costs companies millions of dollars in time and lawyer fees, but just how effective are the "patent wars" anyway? <a href="https://twitter.com/FOSSpatents">Florian Mueller</a>, the founder of the FOSS Patents blog, <a href="http://www.fosspatents.com/2014/10/analysis-of-222-smartphone-patent.html">analyzed 222 smartphone patent assertions</a> - with Android being a major target of many of them - only to find that 90% of those cases have gone absolutely nowhere.
According to Mueller's data, which was charted for us by <a href="https://intelligence.businessinsider.com/">BI Intelligence</a>, about half (49%) of the assertions have failed thus far, while 42% of assertions were dropped without a comprehensive settlement or a "comparably negative fate." As it turns out, only 20 or the 222 patent assertions (9%) were able to establish liability, but even in that small sample, only 10 of those 20 cases resulted in "lasting injunctive relief." Mueller says that number would be even smaller if "the patents underlying Nokia's German injunctions against HTC had come to judgment in the Federal Patent Court." 
In other words, based on patent cases brought to court by Apple, Samsung, Microsoft, Nokia, Motorola, and a host of others, litigation is, more often than not, a serious waste of time and money for all parties involved.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image"></div></div></div>

The Totally Useless Patent Wars

<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Phil McCartenDaniel Loeb, CEO, Third Point LLC, participates in the "Financial Firms: Past, Present and Future" panel at the 2010 Milken Institute Global Conference in Beverly Hills, California, April 27, 2010.</div></div>Hedge fund manager Daniel Loeb, who runs $14 billion Third Point LLC, has revealed a long equity position in <keyword id="6354716" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Nokia">Nokia</keyword>. 
He bought Nokia late in the third quarter after it sold its <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-buys-nokia-devices-2013-9">devices business to Microsoft for $7 billion. </a>
Shares of Nokia were last trading up more than 2.8%. 
From Third Point's letter: 
Equity Position: Nokia Corporation ("Nokia")
We purchased Nokia late in the third quarter following the announced sale of its Devices and Services ("D&amp;S") business to <keyword id="10387" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Microsoft">Microsoft</keyword> for €5.44 billion in an all-cash transaction. Expected to close in Q1 2014, the deal provides €3.8 billion for the D&amp;S business and €1.6 billion for a 10-year non-exclusive patent licensing agreement. Once the transaction is complete, "new" Nokia will consist of the Nokia Siemens Networks ("NSN"), the HERE maps business, and a patent portfolio known as Advanced Technologies.
At our purchase price, we seized an opportunity to create new Nokia at a substantial discount to target value. The company will have approximately €8 billion of net cash when the transaction closes, and we expect a meaningful portion of the excess will be distributed to shareholders in coming quarters. Either a buyback or a special dividend is possible, which should draw additional investors to new Nokia when the cash return scenario develops following the deal closing.
The de facto spin of the D&amp;S business leaves Nokia with a significantly different strategic and operational profile, with 40% of today's market capitalization reflected in pro forma net cash and a portfolio of three distinct businesses each generating positive free cash flow.
Each of Nokia's businesses has interesting opportunities and dynamics. In the case of NSN, years of restructuring have resulted in a more profitable business, while the market structure has improved following years of consolidation ahead of a global 4G upgrade cycle. Having acquired Siemens' 50% stake in NSN this summer at a very attractive valuation, Nokia now has greater control over the operating and strategic prospects for the business. The HERE maps business has exceptional share in the built-in automotive navigation market (estimated at 80 - 90%) along with significant potential in portable navigation, an increasingly strategic area for smartphone vendors.
The Advanced Technologies intellectual property licensing business has historically operated on a net basis in commercial agreements with other smartphone vendors. Going forward, Nokia has the opportunity to realize royalty revenues on a gross basis and focus on a broader licensing program of its 10,000 patent families, which include leadership positions in 2G/3G/4G standard essential patents, as well as a broad array of non-standard essential patents. Nokia's patent portfolio has been successfully defended in court and via settlement agreements over the years, enhancing its licensing prospects and strategic value.
For years, the investment case for Nokia has centered on the prospects for the handset business with little emphasis on NSN, the maps business or the intellectual property licensing opportunity. We think the repositioning of the "new" Nokia story will take time for the broader investment community to absorb, which allows us to initiate the position at such a significant discount. Meanwhile, the prospect of a substantial one-time capital return and possible reinstatement of a regular dividend further enhance our upside potential. Nokia's commitment to return excess capital and the attractive price paid for Siemens' 50% stake in NSN suggest Nokia's leadership will remain prudent in capital allocation decisions going forward.
Event-driven situations like the Nokia/Microsoft transaction are the bread and butter of our strategy. We have recently seen an increase in the number of these opportunities and welcome the chance to populate the portfolio with them.
Third Point is up 18% YTD.

Dan Loeb Bought A Bunch Of Nokia Shares After It Sold Its Smartphone Business To Microsoft 

CHENNAI: <keyword id="107835" type="CITY" weightage="80" keywordseo="Nokia-India">Nokia India</keyword>, which is fighting several tax demands, fell into further turmoil after the head of its Chennai factory quit and workers alleged that they were being forced to take up an early retirement scheme. 
 
The mobile device maker, which is in trouble with taxmen over dues for royalty payments made to its parent company in Finland and allegations that it classified domestically sold units as exports, had offered a voluntary retirement scheme to its nearly 7,000 employees. 
 
“We can confirm that Prakash Katama (the factory head) is leaving the company, but will stay with us in a consultancy role for a fixed period of time,” a company spokeswoman told ET. Katama will be replaced by V Sembian, the head of product and process engineering at the unit, effective immediately, she said. 
 
Katama was appointed as the director of Nokia's Chennai facility in 2010. 
 
The company’s case against the Tamil Nadu government, which claimed that Nokia India owes it Rs 2,400 crore in taxes, came up for hearing in the Madras High Court on Tuesday. While Nokia’s counsel Arvind P Datar presented his arguments, the government counsel is likely to present his on Wednesday. 
 
Nokia, whose devices and services unit is being bought by Microsoft, is already fighting a Rs 21,000-crore claim by the income tax department over royalty payments. 
 
On Tuesday, employees at Nokia India’s facility near Chennai alleged company officials were forcing them to opt for the early retirement scheme offered last week. Nokia India’s VRS scheme comes into effect from Tuesday and is open till May 14. 
 
“They (the management) urged the employees to take up the VRS saying they would cut down transportation facilities to 40 km from 80 km,” said an employee, who did not wish to be identified. “They said they have received instructions from Finland (the parent company) to cut down the overall costs.” 
 
Nokia India provides transportation facilities to its nearly 7,000 workers, most of who are from small towns and villages near Chennai. 
 
The company denied forcing its employees. “We would like to clarify that we haven’t stopped bus or canteen facilities for our employees at Chennai factory,” the spokeswoman said. “Also, the voluntary retirement scheme is ‘voluntary’ for all factory employees.” 
 
Sources said the company has made two offers: one for permanent employees and the other for its nearly 700 trainees. Over 200 trainees have opted for the offer which will give them Rs 2 lakh as well as double the salary for the number of earned leaves, they added. 
 
“I think all the trainees will opt for this offer as they have no other choice,” said a source close to the developments at Nokia India’s factory who did not want to be identified.

Further Turmoil For Nokia India, Head Of Chennai Factory Prakash Katama Quits

As part of the ongoing patent battle between Apple and Samsung, we're getting a lot of juicy details about how the two companies designed their products. 
Apple is suing Samsung, claiming that it copied the iPhone software and hardware designs for the Galaxy line phones. Both companies are back in court this month.
One of the documents to come out of the case this week is <a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/216526509/Samsung-UX">Samsung's internal presentation from 2009 on user experience</a>. As <a href="http://www.vox.com/2014/4/8/5594578/this-slide-is-the-best-thing-to-come-out-of-apple-v-samsung">Nilay Patel of Vox.com noted</a>, one slide in particular sticks out. It shows Samsung's perceptions of customers who used devices from rival companies:
<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image">Samsung</div></div>
Samsung was trying to figure out how to make its software more "emotional" for its users in this presentation, so it wanted to pick out the kind of personality it was going after. It clearly saw Apple users as some sort of group of hipsters, whereas it was a buttoned-up businessman. Your guess is as good as ours what it was thinking with respect to Google, Sony and Nokia.

Samsung Had A Bizarre Perception Of What The Average Apple User's Personality Was Like

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">Win McNamee/Getty ImagesFacebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg.</div></div></div>Good morning! Here's the technology news you need to know this Friday.1. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/oracle-android-generates-31-billion-for-google-2016-1">An Oracle lawyer says that the Android operating system generated revenue of $31 billion (£21.7 billion), with $22 billion (£15.4 billion) in profit.</a> The analysis came after Oracle was allowed to examine private documents from Google for a court case.2. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/it-gets-worse-we-do-not-expect-a-major-iphone-7-bounce-back-2016-1">Two analysts from Raymond James have warned that the iPhone 7 may not fix Apple's expected slump in iPhone sales.</a> They suggest that the traditional iPhones sales cycle isn't going to work so well anymore.3. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/blood-in-the-water-90-of-the-billion-dollar-unicorn-startups-are-in-trouble-2016-1">Venture capitalist Jim Breyer says there's "blood in the water" for all but 10% of unicorn startups.</a> He also said that valuations have gotten out of control.4. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/yahoo-rejected-offers-to-buy-its-core-business-2016-1">Yahoo has reportedly rejected several offers to take over its core internet business.</a> The company is expected to reveal its next steps after its earnings call on February 2.5. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/uber-numbers-q3-2015-vs-2014-2016-1">Leaked numbers show Uber generated more money in the third quarter of 2015 than it did in all of 2014.</a> Revenue is growing, but so are its losses.6. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/apple-google-advertising-revenue-split-2016-1">Google is paying Apple $1 billion (£700 million) just to stay as the default search engine on the iPhone.</a> That figure comes from the Google/Oracle court case.7. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/facebook-and-india-argue-about-user-comments-on-free-basics-2016-1">India accused Facebook of misrepresenting how many people want its free internet service.</a> Authorities are becoming increasingly skeptical of the Free Basics plan for free internet.8. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/apple-opens-its-first-european-ios-development-centre-2016-1">Apple is opening a development centre in Naples, Italy, to teach children how to code.</a> It's the company's first facility like that in Europe.9. <a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/nokia-potentially-leaks-c1-smartphone-and-tablet-in-youtube-video-2016-1">Nokia may have accidentally leaked its own smartphone.</a> A video uploaded to the company's YouTube account shows what could be the company's next smartphone.10.<a href="http://uk.businessinsider.com/citymapper-has-raised-32-million-for-its-urban-navigation-app-2016-1"> London startup Citymapper has raised £32 million.</a> It helps people get around cities using a combination of different modes of transport. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/iphone-sleeping-night-shift-mode-2016-1">The iPhone will finally stop ruining your sleep - here's how</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="1pNmo3MDE6SwWVu9wiBxmHuATQfzFzBN" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

10 things in tech you need to know today

<ul><li>New unredacted court documents from the <keyword id="11902379" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="epic-vs-google" source="Orion">Epic vs Google</keyword> case reveal a “Premier Device Program” with more perks for smartphone makers.</li><li>Google offered more revenue share to OEMs for not loading third-party app stores in their devices.</li><li>Almost all the popular Android smartphone brands took part in this deal.</li></ul>Google reportedly paid Android smartphone makers extra incentives to make sure that they do not allow <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-and-google-may-be-forced-to-allow-third-party-app-stores-onto-their-devices-under-a-new-senate-bill/articleshow/85303461.cms">third-party app stores</a>. In early 2019, Google launched a “Premier Device Program” that gave smartphone makers more share of search revenue if they agreed to not load third-party app stores on their devices. This way Google ensured its Play Store monopoly on Android devices. In addition to not pre-installing third-party app stores, Google’s Premier Device Program also prohibited APK installs of apps, The Verge <a href="https://www.theverge.com/2021/8/19/22632806/google-epic-premier-device-program-lg-motorola-hmd">reported</a> citing new unredacted documents from the Epic vs Google case. This left Android users with only the Google Play Store as the app store marketplace. In the court documents, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/at-its-heart-the-legal-spat-between-apple-and-fortnite-maker-epic-games-is-about-whether-or-not-the-iphone-is-a-computer/articleshow/82392083.cms">Epic Games</a> pointed out that this program was not made public earlier as the smartphone makers had to sign a confidentiality agreement preventing them from talking about it without Google’s written approval. OEMs part of Google’s Premier Device Program Smartphone makers that were part of the Premier Device Program received a 12% share of Google’s search revenue. This is in addition to the 8% that they already earn from their partner contract with Google. Companies like LG and Motorola were even offered 3-6% of the revenue that came from player spending in the Google Play Store. Motorola and LG turned out to be one the biggest players here with the former committing 98% of its devices, and the latter 95%. HMD Global is also part of the Premier Device Program with its contract having started in December 2019 and continuing until November 30, 2022. The Finnish company has <a href="https://9to5google.com/2021/08/19/google-premier-device-program/">reportedly</a> committed 100% of its Nokia smartphones to the program. Google’s Premier Device Program included almost all the popular Android OEMs. Oppo, Vivo and OnePlus were also part of the deal with 70% of their devices committed. Companies like Sony and Xiaomi also had their devices committed to this program but only 50% and 40%, respectively. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/mi-band-6-with-spo2-sensor-to-launch-in-india-on-august-26/articleshow/85456710.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Mi Band 6 with SpO2 sensor to launch in India on August 26</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/apple-watch-series-7-release-date-price-features-and-everything-we-know-so-far/articleshow/85450261.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">Apple Watch Series 7 release date, price, features and everything we know so far</a>

Google offered Android smartphone brands additional revenue to avoid third-party app stores

<div class="image-container float_right click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="ragesoss/Flickr" title_caption="Aaron Swartz" class="zoomin" href="http://static2.businessinsider.com/image/5143aa15eab8ea186a000013-960/aaron-swartz-9.jpg"></a><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/ragesoss/3835494997/">ragesoss/Flickr</a><keyword id="715627" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Aaron-Swartz">Aaron Swartz</keyword></div></div>The U.S. Secret Service released <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/750523-aaron-swartz-usss-first-release-08-12-13.html">the first 104 pages of the federal government's 14,500-page file on Aaron Swartz</a>, the internet activist and MIT fellow who committed suicide after being charged in both federal and state court with hacking and fraud.
Swartz was the author of the “<a href="http://archive.org/stream/GuerillaOpenAccessManifesto/Goamjuly2008_djvu.txt">Guerrilla Open Access Manifesto</a>,” which called for information to be freely available and not "locked up by a handful of corporations" behind copyright-enforced paywalls. He was accused of hacking MIT's network — to which he had authorized access — so that it bulk-downloaded 4 million articles from JSTOR, the academic journal archive, in January 2011. Swartz had previously used a free access terminal in a federal courthouse to <a href="http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/02/aaron-swartz-manifesto/">download 20 million pages of documents from PACER</a>, the federal judiciary 's database of court records.
The <a href="http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2013/08/swartz-foia-release/">newly released documents show</a> that the feds asked questions about Swartz's manifesto and its "human rights" applications.
They also describe the searches that officers made of Swartz's home and office, and the property they took from Swartz. Most of the pages are procedural in nature, in that they deal with the docketing of the cases against Swartz and custody of the evidence seized from his home.
Here are a few highlights:
When the FBI searched Swartz's home, he asked them, "What took you so long ... why didn't you do this earlier?"
<div class="image-container click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="Wired / Secret Service" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static5.businessinsider.com/image/520a4581eab8eaeb01000016-960/screen%20shot%202013-08-13%20at%2010.29.46%20am.png"></a>Wired / Secret Service</div></div>
But Swartz hinted to a colleague that while the cops took his Rock Band controller, he did not believe they found what they were looking for:
<div class="image-container display-table click-to-enlarge"><div><div class="image"><a title_source="Wired / Secret Service" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static3.businessinsider.com/image/520a45d6ecad04c421000000-960/screen shot 2013-08-13 at 10.36.02 am.png"></a>Wired / Secret Service</div></div></div>
The most interesting part is that which describes the feds interviewing one of Swartz's close friends in May 2011, who told them about the Guerilla Open Access Manifesto and its "human rights" consequences:
<div class="image-container click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="Wired / Secret Service" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static1.businessinsider.com/image/520a4602ecad046d1f00000a-960/screen%20shot%202013-08-13%20at%2010.37.16%20am.png"></a>Wired / Secret Service</div></div>
Evidence taken from Swartz included a "Black Notebook Journal" (later returned to his lawyer), a T-Mobile Sidekick, a Nokia, a T-Mobile HTC G2, an iMac and an Acer Aspire laptop. Swartz was charged with various counts of computer fraud, theft of information, recklessly damaging a computer, and aiding an abetting. Here are his fingerprints: 
<div class="image-container click-to-enlarge"><div class="image"><a title_source="Wired / Secret Service" title_caption="" class="zoomin" href="http://static2.businessinsider.com/image/520a45a9ecad041a1b00001f-960/screen%20shot%202013-08-13%20at%2010.31.47%20am.png"></a>Wired / Secret Service</div></div>
Swartz killed himself on Jan. 13, 2013. His parents and friends believed he was hounded to death by prosecutors.

Feds Asked Aaron Swartz's Friends About His 'Guerilla Open Access Manifesto,' A Call For Liberating Data From Private Hands

As India’s new Finance Minister, <keyword id="42575" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="Arun-Jaitley">Arun Jaitley</keyword>, took the oath of office administered by President Pranab Mukherjee, one wonders if the thought crossed his mind that one of the major problems he would be facing soon is the taxmen’s battles with foreign firms – a legacy handed down by the current President when he held the finance job. 
 <keyword id="15492" type="CITY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Vodafone">Vodafone</keyword>, IBM, Nokia and Shell are just some of the foreign majors embroiled in disputes with the Indian tax authorities. The sums involved are mindboggling –Vodafone is supposed to owe in the region of Rs 20,000 crore; Nokia has been hit with a Rs 2,400 crore tax claim; IBM has Rs 6,857 crore outstanding tax notice against it and Shell has been told it needs to pay an additional Rs 5,000 crore in taxes. 
 
Corporate chieftains around the globe, who might have been thinking about investing in the country, were made to rethink. There have been other consequences and Singapore finally overtook Mauritius as the preferred destination for foreign investors to route their money through, because the former provides better legal protection in cases involving foreign tax liabilities. 
 
For many observers, the genesis of these tax wars is the Vodafone dispute. When the Supreme Court decided in favour of the telecom major on whether it owed taxes to the Indian exchequer over its acquisition of the Indian operations of Hong Kong-based Hutchison Whampoa, the then Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee went to the unprecedented extent of revising the tax laws to introduce a retrospective liability. 
This, at a time, when India’s most important selling pitch against its ‘bigger and better’ rival China was that the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary system prevailed in the country unlike the wheeling and dealing that happened behind the bamboo curtain in China. 
 Fast forward a few years and you found India’s economy in the doldrums – recording sub-5% <keyword id="35050" type="CITY" weightage="80" keywordseo="gdp">GDP</keyword> growth. The long-term consequences of India’s tax adventurism are certainly being felt even now. The new BJP government has two courses it can pursue. One is to introduce more clarity and transparency in laws governing areas like transfer pricing and M&amp;A, which typically bedevil foreign investments. The other is to speed up the arbitration proceedings in cases like Vodafone, which got completely tangled up in the previous government’s larger dysfunction. 
 
Unfortunately, once the precedent has been set and it has been proved that the Indian government can go to the extent of changing laws retrospectively to get its way, it could be extremely difficult to convince investors that similar instances will not take place in the future. And the same applies for the industries, especially when laws like the Land Acquisition Act was pushed through by the UPA government. It is obvious that the Pandora’s Box can easily open if governments have an agenda to pursue. 
 
Meanwhile, Prime Minister Narendra Modi inherits a fragile fiscal situation and he will have to consult with Jaitley (the latter has to present the new Budget) whether making major tax concessions is possible in the present state of government finances. 
 As the BJP must have found out during its poll campaign, it is easier to make ambitious promises in the heat of the battle, like its proposal to abolish <keyword id="6354751" type="COMPANY" weightage="100" keywordseo="Income-Tax">income tax</keyword>, than implement them when the time arrives. 
 
Maverick leaders of the BJP, such as Subramanian Swamy, who went to town against the UPA’s tax terrorism, do not find a place in the new government. Instead, Jaitley’s background as a high profile lawyer might provide just the skills he needs as he tries to untangle the legal wrangles that the policies of the previous regime has left for him to deal with. 
Image: Thinkstock

Taxes
That Could Hinder India’s Growth Story

<div class="image-container float_right" style="width:350px"><div class="image"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/71038389@N00/3366982472/">Flickr / Vermin Inc</a></div></div>Good morning! Here's what you need to know:
<ul>
<li>During a Q+A after his speech in Boston yesterday, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/markets-rally-on-bernanke-qa-on-current-monetary-policy-2013-7">sounded a distinctly dovish tone</a> about the direction of monetary policy. He signaled rates would stay low for a long time, citing an unemployment rate that probably overstates the health of the labor market.</li>
<li>Markets were up big, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/shanghai-composite-surge-2013-7">led by the Shanghai Composite</a>, which gained 3.2% on the day. The Hang Seng ticked +2.55%, and Australia's S&amp;P/ASX 200 gained +1.31%. European markets are higher across the board, led by the DAX at +1.08%.</li>
<li>Gold futures are staging a comeback after Chairman Bernanke's speech, and are now 2.88% higher than they were prior to 4 pm Wednesday. Mike O'Rourke of JonesTrading says <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/gold-rallies-after-bernanke-2013-7">gold is best-positioned</a> to take advantage of the dovish Bernanke struck yesterday. Meanwhile t<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/dollar-falls-after-bernanke-comments-2013-7">he dollar is falling</a>. The DXY dollar index was down -1.32%, and off -1% against the Swiss franc.</li>
<li>Initial jobless claims will be published at 8:30 am. Consensus is for 337,000 against 343,000 prior. Import/export prices and the Bloomberg consumer comfort index also come out this morning.</li>
<li>The Bank of Japan issued its most sunny outlook for the country's economy since 2011, <a href="http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/dec7796e-e9da-11e2-bf03-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2YjUfvHjN">the FT's Jonathan Soble reports</a>, saying the economy was "starting to recover moderately." They cited a 10.5% gain in machinery orders for May as evidence. </li>
<li>Greece's unemployment situation continues to worsen as the <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/greece-unemployment-nightmare-april-2013-2013-7">April jobless rate hit 26.9%,</a> a 3.8 point rise from last year and a 0.1 point increase from March.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/samsung-surpasses-apple-in-mobile-web-use-2013-7">Samsung has topped Apple for mobile web use</a>. They now control 25.47% of that market, ahead of Apple's 25.09%. Nokia clocks in at 22%.</li>
<li>Russia convicted a deceased lawyer who died in police custody while investigating tax fraud. Sergei Magnitsky was found guilty in a Moscow court of tax evasion. Last year, the US passed the Magnitsky Act, which blacklisted 18 Russian officials connected to the case from conducting trade with the U.S.</li>
<li>The Wall Street Journal's William Harless says some passengers from the flight that crashed at San Francisco's airport appear to have been <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324694904578598041567963334.html?mod=WSJ__MIDDLENexttoWhatsNewsThird">injured by the standard lap-band seat belt</a>. A business class passenger with access to a chest harness emerged relatively unscathed.</li>
<li>Eliot Spitzer came out ahead in <a href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324425204578598123916897596.html">a new WSJ poll for NYC comptroller</a>. It showed him leading Manhattan Borough President Scott Stringer 42% to 33%.</li>
</ul>

10 Things You Need To Know This Morning

MUMBAI/NEW DELHI: The confusion over venues and match dates, and the change of guard at the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) is likely to push down sponsorship revenues of Indian Premier League (IPL) team franchises by as much as 20%, making it difficult for them to meet their revenue targets. While the schedule for the first leg of the IPL in the UAE has been finalised, the BCCI is yet to provide a schedule for the rest of the tournament. 
 
A senior executive of a North India-based IPL team said till there is complete clarity on venues and match dates, sponsors are not willing to sign the agreement. “It is hampering the process,” said the executive, requesting anonymity. “I am under a lot stress. I really need to try and close some deals to achieve our target.” 
 
“It is a difficult task to secure sponsorship this year. Talks started a long time back but potential sponsors want to know the final schedule,” said the chief executive of a South India-based IPL team. The twenty20 tournament has gone through a tumultuous phase in the last few months because of the betting and spot-fixing controversy that broke out last year. While the Supreme Court last week allowed the IPL to go ahead unhindered, it replaced cricket board president N Srinivasan with former Indian captain Sunil Gavaskar as incharge of IPL affairs. 
 
The IPL schedule has had to be tweaked as the government refused to provide security at the venues on account of the Lok Sabha elections beginning on April 7. While the first 16 days of the tournament, which starts on April 16, will be played in the UAE, there is still uncertainty over where the rest of the matches will be held. Bangladesh has been kept as a standby venue for the second phase from May 1-12. 
 
BCCI said recently that it has got clearances from various state governments to hold matches in Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Kochi and Visakhapatnam, though no final dates for matches have been announced. “Till such time there is a clear cut understanding of the schedule, it will be difficult to close deals. We usually go by historic data on TRPs to decide on the valuation of a deal,” said Shashin Devsare, executive director at Karbonn Mobile, which has not yet signed a sponsorship deal with any team. “How will we decide TRPs for new venues where IPL matches have never been played?” he asks. 
 
That is the dilemma teams are stuck in. Advertisers usually decide a year in advance. “Following that, they get at least three months before the tournament to plan their advertising around IPL. There is no time this year,” said a senior media planner. 
 
Advertisers such as Pepsi, Idea Cellular, BookMyShow, Garnier, Nokia, Reebok and Aircel have been associated with IPL teams over the last few years. “I can understand the advertisers’ anxiety regarding team and on-ground sponsorship. IPL is a premium property and, therefore, marketers need at least six weeks lead time to plan their advertising around the event. If that is not possible, return on investment could be a huge issue,” said Basabdutta Chowdhury, CEO at Platinum Media, which is a part of Madison Media Group of agencies Two senior media planners from India’s top two media agencies said they anticipated the troubles and have advised their clients to stay away from team and onground sponsorship and to instead invest only in on-air advertising. 
 
“From a short term perspective, there will be a big impact if things remain in flux. But it could be a case of short-term pain for long-term gain,” said Unni Krishnan, managing director of brand consultancy Brand Finance India, referring to the intervention by the Supreme Court. A course correction by the court, said Krishnan, will safeguard the long-term value of the league. 
 
“The way it was going, it was headed for the catastrophic phase,” Krishnan said, adding that sponsorship revenues for franchises could be shaved off by about 15-20% this year. The uncertainty around IPL has also forced some advertisers to pull out of IPL and invest in the ongoing ICC T20 World Cup. Chirantan Chandran, senior principal partner at Dentsu Media India, said, “When the uncertainties with IPL reached its peak, ou r client went ahead to put its kitty in T20 World Cup.”

Confusion Around IPL Shrinks Sponsorship Revenues Of Team Franchises By 20 Percent

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image">BBCMazher Mahmood.</div></div></div>Rupert Murdoch's News <keyword id="6354868" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="UK">UK</keyword> could be hit with legal claims of up to £800 million ($1 billion) after Sun on Sunday <a href="http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/sun-journalist-mazher-mahmood-found-guilty-of-perverting-course-of-justice-in-tulisa-drugs-trial/" target="_blank">investigative reporter Mazher Mahmood was convicted of perverting the course of justice in a drugs trial against a British pop star.</a>Mark Lewis, a media lawyer at Seddons, <a href="https://www.seddons.co.uk/NewsInsight/News/2016-10-05/Conviction-of-Fake-Sheikh-Mazher-Mahmood/" target="_blank">said in a statement</a> that he has been instructed by 18 people to pursue civil claims against Mahmood, the so-called "Fake Sheikh."Most of Mahmood's stings for the Sun on Sunday and News of the World centred around narcotics. He would disguise his identity - often posing as a wealthy Arab - and induce a well-known individual to buy a quantity of drugs. He would then publish the story and often his victims were prosecuted, and some convicted.Some of the claims date back more than 20 years. Seddon said the individuals involved believe that they were caught up in Mahmood's stings as the result of false evidence."Over the last 25 years, innumerable lives have been ruined by the dishonest actions of Mazher Mahmood. People have lost their livelihoods, their homes and relationships, with some spending time in prison," Lewis said."There will be a significant number of civil claims made against Mazher Mahmood. We anticipate the total sums involved could easily reach £800 million, with some awards dwarfing those seen in the phone hacking scandal."<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/oct/05/new-corp-20-lawsuits-fake-sheikh-conviction" target="_blank">The Guardian reported that Lewis is acting on behalf of clients</a> including former model Emma Morgan and John Alford, a star of ITV drama "London's Burning." The newspaper said American financier John Bryan is also pursuing legal action against News Corp.<h2>Mahmood convicted of perverting the course of justice.</h2>A News UK spokeswoman declined to comment on the legal claims. She said: "We are disappointed by the news that Mazher Mahmood has been convicted. We do not have further comment at this time."Mahmood used his undercover stings to entrap British pop star Tulisa Contostavlos in 2013. Mahmood posed as a film producer and promised her a Hollywood career. During the sting he asked Contostavlos to help him secure £800 ($1,000) worth of cocaine, which the singer did.The Sun on Sunday published the story and Contostavlos was charged. The case went to trial in 2014 but swiftly collapsed after the <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-28403821" target="_blank">judge said there was "strong grounds to believe" that Mahmood "lied" at a pre-trial hearing.</a><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/oct/05/fake-sheikh-mazher-mahmood-tulisa-contostavlos-trial" target="_blank">On Wednesday, Mahmood was found guilty of perverting the course of justice for tampering with evidence ahead of the Contostavlos trial.</a> A court was told that he conspired to change a witness statement from his driver, Alan Smith.Smith originally told police that while driving Contostavlos for Mahmood's sting, the singer expressed her disapproval of hard drugs because a relative was an addict. But Smith changed his statement the following day to remove the anti-drugs comment. The prosecution alleged that he had done this in consultation with Mahmood.The journalist will be sentenced on 21 October and could face prison. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-nokia-216-phone-specs-video-2016-9">Microsoft just unveiled a $37 Nokia phone</a></h3> <div> <div> <div class="ooyala-video-player" data-video-autoplay="false" data-video-id="11ZmUxNjE60Bjef6ZXbFtScBakBsHlyE" data-player-variable="ooyalapopvideo" id="ooyalaplayer_popvideo" style="width:1280px;height:720px"></div> </div> </div> </div>

News UK faces legal claims that could 'dwarf' phone hacking after 'Fake Sheikh' conviction

<ul><li>BJP state president Satish Poonai said the motion will be moved on Friday. </li><li>After the meeting, Kataria told reporters that the motion of no confidence will be moved in the assembly session beginning Friday. He said the proposal was being finalised.</li><li>He said even though the political crisis in the Congress has been resolved, all is still not good in that party as "one is going to east and the other to west". </li></ul> The BJP in Rajasthan will move a motion of no confidence against the Ashok Gehlot-led Congress government in the <keyword id="144407" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="state-Assembly">state assembly</keyword>, leader of opposition Gulab Chand Kataria said. The decision was taken in a BJP legislature party meeting held here on Thursday. After the meeting, Kataria told reporters that the motion of no confidence will be moved in the assembly session beginning Friday. He said the proposal was being finalised. "Coronavirus cases are on the rise and the law and order situation is badly deteriorating. Attempts were made to link those, who were arrested by the SOG (Special Operations Group) over allegations of conspiring to topple the government, with BJP but the government failed in this. We will mention all these issues in the proposal," Kataria said. He said even though the political crisis in the Congress has been resolved, all is still not good in that party as "one is going to east and the other to west". BJP state president Satish Poonai said the motion will be moved on Friday. He said the BJP and its ally Rashtriya Loktantrik Party (RLP) have a total of 75 MLAs and of them, 74 were present in Thursday's legislature party meeting held at the BJP's office. He said union agriculture minister <keyword id="268357" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Tomar">Narendra Tomar</keyword> was also present in the meeting and talked about agriculture-related issues. Poonia aleged that the Ashok Gehlot-led state government is a "government of contradictions". BJP MLA Madan Dilawar, who has challenged in the high court the merger of six <keyword id="6356515" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="bahujan-samaj-party">Bahujan Samaj Party</keyword> (BSP) MLAs with Congress, said the Rajasthan government has gone into a "state of coma" and therefore the opposition party has to move the no-confidence motion. "This government is unstable and the works of people are not being done. We already had our preparations for the motion but it was finalised today in the meeting after taking the MLAs in confidence," he said. Dilawar also said all 75 BJP and RLP MLAs will support the motion. BJP national vice president and former chief minister <keyword id="6361795" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Vasundhara-Raje">Vasundhara Raje</keyword>, national vice president and state in charge <keyword id="5336554" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Avinash-Khanna">Avinash Khanna</keyword> and other senior leaders were present in the meeting. The opposition party's decision comes days after an "amicable resolution" of the nearly month-long political cisis in Rajasthan. Congress leader Sachin Pilot had openly rebelled against chief minister Gehlot last month along with 18 other party MLAs. He was then sacked as deputy chief minister and the party's Rajasthan chief. The Congress on Monday had said the crisis in Rajasthan was a "closed chapter" and all legislators supporting its government will work towards strengthening the state government and fighting COVID-19 and economic calamities. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/world/news/trump-was-rushed-from-the-briefing-room-by-secret-service-after-a-shooting-outside-of-the-white-house/articleshow/77474005.cms">Trump was rushed from the briefing room by Secret Service after a shooting outside the White House</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/mckinsey-facebook-amazon-nokia-and-some-other-companies-looking-for-a-product-manager-right-now/slidelist/77464438.cms">McKinsey, Facebook, Amazon, Nokia — and some other companies looking for a product manager right now</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/startups/news/how-karan-bajaj-sold-his-less-than-18-month-old-startup-white-hat-jr-to-byjus/articleshow/77415329.cms">A WhatsApp message, six weeks of talks and a $300 million deal – how Karan Bajaj sold his less than 18-month old startup White Hat Jr to Byju’s</a>

Rajasthan BJP to move no-confidence motion against Ashok Gehlot led-Congress government

<table class="image-container float_right" width="200"><tr><td><div class="image"></div><a href="http://www.apimages.com/OneUp.aspx?st=k&amp;kw=steve%20jobs&amp;showact=results&amp;sort=relevance&amp;intv=None&amp;sh=10&amp;kwstyle=and&amp;adte=1317899518&amp;pagez=60&amp;cfasstyle=AND&amp;rids=7f7ba8e9b63347a4893106ec9b98d57e&amp;dbm=PY2008&amp;page=1&amp;xslt=1&amp;mediatype=Photo">AP images</a></td></tr></table>SAN FRANCISCO/SEOUL (Reuters) - It was the late Steve Jobs' worst nightmare.
A powerful Asian manufacturer, <keyword id="10591" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Samsung">Samsung</keyword> Electronics Co Ltd, uses Google Inc's Android software to create smartphones and tablets that closely resemble the iPhone and the iPad. Samsung starts gaining market share, hurting <keyword id="6354427" type="CITY" weightage="60" keywordseo="Apple">Apple</keyword> Inc's margins and stock price and threatening its reign as the king of cool in consumer electronics.
Jobs, of course, had an answer to all this: a "thermo-nuclear" legal war that would keep clones off the market. Yet nearly two years after Apple first filed a patent-infringement lawsuit against Samsung, and six months after it won a huge legal victory over its South Korean rival, Apple's chances of blocking the sale of Samsung products are growing dimmer by the day.
Indeed, a series of recent court rulings suggests that the smartphone patent wars are now grinding toward a stalemate, with Apple unable to show that its sales have been seriously damaged when rivals, notably Samsung, imitated its products.
That, in turn, may usher in a new phase in the complex relationship between the two dominant companies in the growing mobile computing business.
Tim Cook, Jobs' successor as Apple chief executive, was opposed to suing Samsung in the first place, according to people with knowledge of the matter, largely because of that company's critical role as a supplier of components for the iPhone and the iPad. Apple bought some $8 billion worth of parts from Samsung last year, analysts estimate.
Samsung, meanwhile, has benefited immensely from the market insight it gained from the Apple relationship, and from producing smartphones and tablets that closely resemble Apple's.
While the two companies compete fiercely in the high-end smartphone business - where together they control half the sales and virtually all of the profits - their strengths and weaknesses are in many ways complementary. Apple's operations chief, Jeff Williams, told Reuters last month that Samsung was an important partner and they had a strong relationship on the supply side, but declined to elaborate.
As their legal war winds down, it is increasingly clear that Apple and Samsung have plenty of common interests as they work to beat back other potential challengers, such as BlackBerry or Microsoft.
The contrast with other historic tech industry rivalries is stark. When Apple accused Microsoft in the 1980s of ripping off the Macintosh to create the Windows operating system, Apple's very existence was at stake. Apple lost, the Mac became a niche product, and the company came close to extinction before Jobs returned to Apple in late 1996 and saved it with the iPod and the iPhone. Jobs died in October 2011.
Similarly, the Internet browser wars of the late 1990s that pitted Microsoft against Netscape ended with Netscape being sold for scrap and its flagship product abandoned.
Apple and Samsung, on the other hand, are not engaged in a corporate death match so much as a multi-layered rivalry that is by turns both friendly and hard-edged. For competitors like Nokia, BlackBerry, Sony, HTC and even Google - whose Motorola unit is expected to launch new smartphones later this year - they are a formidable duo.
THE WAY THEY WERE
The partnership piece of the Apple-Samsung relationship dates to 2005, when the Cupertino, California-based giant was looking for a stable supplier of flash memory. Apple had decided to jettison the hard disc drive in creating the iPod shuffle, iPod nano and then-upcoming iPhone, and it needed huge volumes of flash memory chips to provide storage for the devices.
The memory market in 2005 was extremely unstable, and Apple wanted to lock in a supplier that was rock-solid financially, people familiar with the relationship said. Samsung held about 50 percent of the NAND flash memory market at that time.
"Whoever controls flash is going to control this space in consumer electronics," Jobs said at the time, according to a source familiar with the discussions.
The success of that deal led to Samsung supplying the crucial application processors for the iPhone and iPad. Initially, the two companies jointly developed the processors based on a design from ARM Holdings Plc, but Apple gradually took full control over development of the chip. Now Samsung merely builds the components at a Texas factory.
The companies built a close relationship that extended to the very top: in 2005, Jay Y. Lee, whose grandfather founded the Samsung Group, visited Jobs' home in Palo Alto, California, after the two signed the flash memory deal.
The partnership gave Apple and Samsung insight into each other's strategies and operations. In particular, Samsung's position as the sole supplier of iPhone processors gave it valuable data on just how big Apple thought the smartphone market was going to be.
"Having a relationship with Apple as a supplier, I am sure, helped the whole group see where the puck was going," said Horace Dediu, a former analyst at Nokia who now works as a consultant and runs an influential blog. "It's a very important advantage in this business if you know where to commit capital."
Samsung declined to comment on its relationship with a specific customer.
As for Apple, it reaped the benefit of Samsung's heavy investments in research and development, tooling equipment and production facilities. Samsung spent $21 billion (23 trillion won) on capital expenditures in 2012 alone, and plans to spend a similar amount this year.
By comparison, Intel Corp spent around $11 billion in 2012, and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co Ltd (TSMC) expects to spend $9 billion in 2013.
But component expertise, cash and good market intelligence did not assure success when Samsung launched its own foray into the smartphone market. The Omnia, a Windows-based product introduced in 2009, was so reviled that some customers hammered it to bits in public displays of dissatisfaction.
Meanwhile, Samsung publicly dismissed the iPhone's success.
"The popularity of iPhone is a mere result of excitement caused by some (Apple) fanatics," Samsung's then-president, G.S. Choi, told reporters in January 2010.
Privately, though, Samsung had other plans.
"The iPhone's emergence means the time we have to change our methods has arrived," Samsung mobile business head J.K. Shin told his staff in early 2010, according to an internal email filed in U.S. court.
Later that year, Samsung launched the Galaxy S, which sported the Android operating system and a look and feel very similar to the iPhone.
STANDOFF
Jobs and Cook complained to top Samsung executives when they were visiting Cupertino. Apple expected, incorrectly, that Samsung would modify its design in response to the concerns, people familiar with the situation said.
Apple's worst fears were confirmed with the early 2011 release of the Galaxy Tab, which Jobs and others regarded as a clear rip-off of the iPad.
Cook, worried about the critical supplier relationship, was opposed to suing Samsung. But Jobs had run out of patience, suspecting that Samsung was counting on the supplier relationship to shield it from retribution.
Apple filed suit in April 2011, and the conflagration soon spread to courts in Europe, Asia and Australia. When Apple won its blockbuster billion-dollar jury verdict against Samsung last August, it appeared that it might be able to achieve an outright ban on the offending products - which would have dramatically altered the smartphone competition.
But Apple has failed to convince U.S. judges to uphold those crucial sales bans - in large part because the extraordinary profitability and market power of the iPhone made it all but impossible for Apple to show it was suffering irreparable harm.
"Samsung may have cut into Apple's customer base somewhat, but there is no suggestion that Samsung will wipe out Apple's customer base, or force Apple out of the business of making smartphones," U.S. District Judge Lucy Koh wrote. "The present case involves lost sales - not a lost ability to be a viable market participant."
Samsung, meanwhile, came under pressure from antitrust regulators and pulled back on its effort to shut down Apple sales in Europe over a related patent dispute.
A U.S. appeals court recently rejected Apple's bid to fast-track its case, meaning its hopes for a sales ban are now stuck in months-long appeals, during which time Samsung may very well release the next version of its hot-selling Galaxy phone.
THE WORLD IS OURS
The legal battles have been less poisonous to the relationship than some of the rhetoric suggests.
"People play this stuff up because it shows a kind of drama, but the business reality is that the temperature isn't that high," said one attorney who has observed executives from both companies.
Still, the hostilities appear to have put some dents in the partnership. Apple is likely to switch to TSMC for the building of application processors, according to analysts at Goldman Sachs, Sanford Bernstein and other firms. But analysts at Korea Investment &amp; Securities and HMC Securities point out that Apple will not be able to eliminate Samsung as a flash supplier because it remains the dominant producer of the crucial chips.
Apple declined to comment on the details of its relationships with any one supplier.
Meanwhile, both companies are deploying strategies out of the other's playbook as they seek to maintain and extend their lead over the pack.
Samsung has developed a cheeky, memorable TV ad that mocks Apple customers, and dramatically ramped up spending on marketing and advertising, a cornerstone of Apple's success. U.S. ad spending on the Galaxy alone leaped to nearly $202 million in the first nine months of 2012, from $66.6 million in 2011, according to Kantar Media.
For its part, Apple is investing in manufacturing by helping its suppliers procure the machinery needed to build large-scale plants devoted exclusively to the company.
Apple spent about $10 billion in fiscal 2012 on capital expenditures, and it expects to spend a further $10 billion this year. By contrast, the company spent only $4.6 billion in fiscal 2011 and $2.6 billion in fiscal 2010.
But Apple and Samsung retain very different strategies. Apple has just one smartphone and only four product lines in total, and tries to keep variations to a bare minimum while focusing on the high end of the market.
Samsung, by contrast, has 37 phone products that are tweaked for regional tastes and run the gamut from very cheap to very expensive, according to Mirae Asset Securities. The company also makes chips, TVs, appliances and a host of other products (and its brethren in the Samsung Group sell everything from ships to insurance policies).
Apple devices are hugely popular in the United States; Samsung enjoys supremacy in developing countries like India and China. Apple keeps its core staff lean - it has only 60,000 employees worldwide - and relies on partners for manufacturing and other functions. Samsung Electronics, part of a sprawling "chaebol," or conglomerate, that includes some 80 companies employing 369,000 people worldwide, is far more vertically integrated.
It is those differences, combined with the formidable strengths that both companies bring to the market, that may render quiet cooperation a better strategy than all-out war for some time to come.
Said Brad Silverberg, a former Microsoft executive who was involved in the Mac vs. Windows wars, "Apple had learnt a lot of lessons from those days."
(Reporting by Dan Levine and Poornima Gupta in San Francisco, and Miyoung Kim in Seoul; Editing by Jonathan Weber, Tiffany Wu and Peter Cooney)
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