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<ul><li>They said the 'red notice' has been issued by the global police body on the request of the Enforcement Directorate (ED). </li><li>Once such a notice issued against a fugitive, the Interpol asks its 192-member countries to arrest or detain the person if spotted in their countries after which extradition or deportation proceedings can begin. </li><li><keyword id="6243034" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="ami-modi">Ami Modi</keyword> is stated to have left country soon after the alleged bank fraud case came into light in 2018. </li></ul>An Interpol global arrest warrant has been issued against Ami Modi, wife of <keyword id="571991" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirav-Modi">Nirav Modi</keyword>, prime accused in the over USD 2 billion <keyword id="47268" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="PNB">PNB</keyword> bank fraud case, on charges of money laundering, officials said on Tuesday. They said the 'red notice' has been issued by the global police body on the request of the Enforcement Directorate (ED). Once such a notice issued against a fugitive, the Interpol asks its 192-member countries to arrest or detain the person if spotted in their countries after which extradition or deportation proceedings can begin. Ami Modi is stated to have left country soon after the alleged bank fraud case came into light in 2018. The ED has charged Ami Modi for conspiring and money laundering with her husband and jeweller Nirav Modi apart from his uncle Mehul Choksi and others under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). Nirav Modi (49), is currently lodged in a UK jail after being arrested in London in March, 2019 and is currently fighting extradition to India. He has been declared a fugitive economic offender by a Mumbai court early this year and the court had also ordered confiscation of his assets. The ED has already confiscated about Rs 329 crore of his linked properties. The businessman, Choksi and others are being probed by the ED on money laundering charges in connection with an over USD 2 billion alleged bank fraud at a PNB branch in Mumbai. Similar Interpol notices have been earlier been issued against Nirav Modi's younger brother Nehal Modi and sister Purvi Modi.

Interpol issues red notice against Ami Modi, the wife of fugitive Nirav Modi, over $2 billion PNB fraud case

Nirav Modi was arrested a short while ago in London. 13 months ago, it came to light that celebrity diamantaire Nirav Modi and his uncle Mehul Choksi had defrauded <keyword id="62034" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Punjab-National-Bank">Punjab National Bank</keyword> (PNB), India’s second-largest state-owned bank, of more than <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/here-are-the-main-findings-from-punjab-national-banks-internal-investigation-into-the-2-billion-nirav-modi-scam/articleshow/64681851.cms">₹143 billion ($2.1 billion)</a>. By using illegal letters of guarantee procured through PNB’s Brady House branch in Mumbai, the pair and their affiliates had taken loans from the overseas branches of a number of Indian banks since 2011 and had subsequently defaulted on them. A warrant for Modi’s arrest was issued by a Westminister Court on March 18th. The warrant came a week after he was spotted on the streets of London with a full beard. Here is how the events leading up to his arrest unfolded. Early January 2018: Nirav Modi reportedly <a href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/nirav-modi-fled-india-on-jan-1/544819.html">leaves India</a>. January 29th, 2018: Punjab National Bank filed a complaint with the CBI alleging that Nirav Modi, his uncle Mehul Choksi and their associates had swindled the bank through transactions at its Brady House branch in Mumbai. February 15th, 2018: India’s Enforcement Directorate registers a money laundering case against Nirav Modi and his associates under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act. Early March 2018: The UK’s Serious Fraud Office <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/why-nirav-modi-wanted-in-india-is-roaming-the-streets-of-london-2006007">confirms</a> to India in early March that Nirav Modi is in London. April 5th, 2018: Regulators in Belgium <a href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pnb-fraud-case-belgium-freezes-two-nirav-modi-accounts-on-ed-request/article23440305.ece?utm_source=pushnotifications&amp;utm_campaign=pushnotifications)">freeze </a>the two bank accounts of Modi after a request from the ED to do so. April 8th, 2018: A court in Mumbai issues <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/non-bailable-warrant-issued-against-nirav-modi-mehul-choksi-in-pnb-scam-1834399">non-bailable arrest warrants</a> for Modi and Choksi at the CBI’s request. June 13th, 2018: The CBI approached Interpol to issue a red notice against Modi and Choksi. A red notice is a request to locate and arrest a criminal on the run, but not an international arrest warrant. June 29th, 2018: Interpol issues <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nirav-modi-pnb-fraud-case-arrest-close-as-cbi-sends-extradition-plea-to-uk-5316602/">a red corner notice</a> against Modi, thereby enabling the cooperation of international police. August 20th 2018: The extradition process against Nirav Modi <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/billionaire-fugitive-nirav-modi-could-be-arrested-in-the-uk-as-soon-as-this-week/articleshow/65483882.cms">is initiated</a>. An application is lodged with the UK Home Office. However, the application is reportedly missing certain documents, which causes <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/waiting-for-uk-to-respond-to-extradition-request-says-india-after-nirav-modi-seen-in-london-2005117">proceedings</a> to be delayed. October 1st, 2018: The ED seizes around <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/assets-of-nirav-modi-worth-rs-637-crore-seized-by-ed-1353236-2018-10-01">₹6.4 billion </a>of Nirav Modi’s assets. This includes properties in India and abroad as well as jewelry and bank deposits. March 8th, 2019: The UK Home Office certified India’s extradition request, deeming Nirav Modi’s case “fit for extradition”. The case was then transferred to the District Court in Westminister, which had to issue the summons. March 9th, 2019: The Telegraph, a UK daily, <a href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2019/03/08/exclusive-indias-wanted-man-nirav-modi-accused-15bn-fraud/">broke the news </a>that Nirav Modi was living in London. The newspaper said it had tracked Modi down to his £8 million (₹726 million) flat in London’s West End. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/billionaire-fugitive-nirav-modi-could-be-arrested-in-the-uk-as-soon-as-this-week/articleshow/65483882.cms">Billionaire fugitive Nirav Modi could be arrested in the UK as soon as this week</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-presses-new-charges-against-diamond-merchant-nirav-modi-and-wife-ami-in-alleged-money-laundering-case/articleshow/68367950.cms">India presses new charges against diamond merchant Nirav Modi and wife Ami in alleged money laundering case</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/here-are-the-main-findings-from-punjab-national-banks-internal-investigation-into-the-2-billion-nirav-modi-scam/articleshow/64681851.cms">Here are the main findings from Punjab National Bank’s internal investigation into the $2 billion Nirav Modi scam</a>

Here’s how the 13-month chase for Nirav Modi came to an end

<ul><li><keyword id="47268" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="PNB">PNB</keyword>, India’s second-largest government-owned bank, reported a loss of ₹134.2 billion for the quarter ended March 31st. </li><li>The bank’s provisions surged nearly five times to ₹203.5 billion because it is liable to pay back a lot of the loans that <keyword id="571991" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirav-Modi">Nirav Modi</keyword> has defaulted on. </li><li>Modi and his associates defrauded these banks of ₹130 billion ($1.92 billion) between 2011 and 2017- India’s biggest banking fraud. </li></ul> The name “Nirav Modi” isn’t likely to go out of news cycles anytime soon. This past February, it came to light that Modi, a prominent Indian jeweller and billionaire, had used his clout to allegedly procure fraudulent letters of undertaking from a Mumbai branch of the <keyword id="62034" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="100" keywordseo="Punjab-National-Bank">Punjab National Bank</keyword> (PNB). He then used the letters to get loans from not only PNB, but a number of Indian banks like State Bank of India and <keyword id="6358005" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="allahabad-bank">Allahabad Bank</keyword>, and eventually defaulted on the loans, despite issuing additional letters to pay back these loans. Modi and his associates defrauded these banks of ₹130 billion ($1.92 billion) between 2011 and 2017. This is the biggest banking fraud in India’s history. And now, it’s led to the highest quarterly loss ever by an Indian bank. PNB, India’s second-largest government-owned bank, reported a loss of <a href="https://www.pnbindia.in/downloadprocess.aspx?fid=qTvsjnzvILodoPNEqn9wCQ==">₹134.2 billion</a> for the quarter ended March 31st. Its loss even exceeded its total revenue of ₹129.5 billion. Given that PNB sanctioned the invalid letters of undertaking, it is the main bearer of liability for the loans that Modi and his partner firms have defaulted on. It will have to drum up the payments for these letters of credit itself. Hence, it’s provisions for bad loans and defaulted accounts surged 355% from the previous quarter to a staggering ₹203.5 billion. Around 40% of this figure was accounted for by the Nirav Modi fraud alone. In fact, after staying well under the ₹600 billion mark for all of 2017, the bank’s total amount of bad loans ballooned to ₹866 billion by the end of March 2018. There were around ₹291 billion of fresh bad loans in just the last quarter of fiscal 2018. The bank’s growth will be severely limited for the foreseeable future. All the capital that the managed to raise from institutional investors, <a href="https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/markets/pnb-raises-rs-5000-cr-via-qualified-institutional-placement/article9989982.ece">₹50 billion</a> in December 2017, and the government, <a href="https://www.bloombergquint.com/business/2018/03/08/over-a-dozen-state-owned-banks-to-get-rs-46000-crore-capital-infusion-this-month#gs.3aHyZcg">₹54 billion</a>, was insufficient to cover its provisions, let alone its other growth initiatives and capital expenditure. Given the dire state of PNB’s finances, it is likely to be put under the <keyword id="6354335" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="reserve-bank-of-india">Reserve Bank of India</keyword>’s Prompt Corrective Action watchlist (PCA). The operations of 11 of India’s 21 state-owned banks are already being monitored under the PCA programme, which imposes restrictions on fresh loans. PNB is already said to be taking steps to make credit underwriting norms more rigorous and improving its internal auditing process. Meanwhile, the Nirav Modi fraud is still being investigated by India’s Central Bureau of Intelligence and judicial authorities, and names are finally being named. A charge sheet against Modi and his uncle, Mehul Choksi, - both of whom are absconding - was filed by the investigative agency earlier this week. <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/pnb-scam-two-bank-execs-removed-allahabad-bank-chief-to-step-down-118051400782_1.html">A number of other people</a>, including senior directors at PNB and Allahabad Bank, were also charged in the filing for various breaches. The senior management of all the banks involved will likely be cleaned out and reshuffled.

How one fraudster drove Punjab National Bank to the highest quarterly loss in the history of Indian banking

<ul><li>The income tax department of India recovered ₹ 548 million from the paintings owned by <keyword id="6242396" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="PNB-scam">PNB scam</keyword> accused Nirav Modi. </li><li>The department targeted a value of ₹970 million from the auction event held in Mumbai. </li><li>Camelot Enterprises, Nirav Modi’s company has filed a petition in the Bombay High Court for auctioning the paintings — calling the move unlawful.</li></ul>A few days ago, Punjab National Bank(PNB) scam accused Nirav Modi was arrested in London. The income tax department of India, today, auctioned the seized artwork paintings at the Saffron Art Gallery in Mumbai. <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/nirav-modi-paintings-go-under-hammer-fetch-over-rs-54-crore-for-income-tax-department-1487311-2019-03-27">According to media reports</a>, the government recovered nearly ₹548 million by selling 55 of the 68 paintings during the bidding session that went on for more than two hours. However, the income tax department expected to recover ₹970 million from the event. The collection, in total, fetched ₹609 million. The auction included bidders from London, New York and New Delhi among others, bidding online for the paintings. As the auction took place, on Wednesday, Camelot Enterprises. Nirav Modi’s company, has filed a petition against the auction of paintings in the Bombay High Court calling the move unlawful. The company also said a few of those paintings are actually company’s assets, demanding to restrict the auction. Ranging from thousands to millions, the paintings were the artwork by renowned Indian painters including Raja Ravi Verma, FN Souza, Jogen Chowdhury, VS Gaitonde and Akbar Padamsee. For instance, Raja Ravi Verma’s oil on canvas from 1881 was sold at ₹140 million. Of the 55 painting sold during the auction, the highest amount fetched from a painting was recorded at ₹220 million and nearly 10 paintings touched the ₹<a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/nirav-modi-in-london-prison-his-art-under-mumbai-hammer-i-t-recovers-rs-54-8-crore-5644486/">10 million mark</a>. While, the 13 unsold paintings include a few by Chinese painters including a Miao Xiaochun piece. The paintings were sold at a Goods &amp; Services Tax (GST) of 12% along with a 15% commission for the auction house. Nirav Modi’s legal team is expected to file the second bail application in the UK court on Friday since he denied the first bail application on March 20. The CBI will send a team to Londom for the hearing on 29 March, ANI reported. Earlier, the ED reportedly <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nirav-modi-arrested-in-london/articleshow/68496650.cms">seized around</a> ₹6.4 billion from Nirav Modi’s assets including his property, bank deposits and jewellery. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nirav-modi-arrested-in-london/articleshow/68496650.cms">Here’s how the 13-month chase for Nirav Modi came to an end</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-presses-new-charges-against-diamond-merchant-nirav-modi-and-wife-ami-in-alleged-money-laundering-case/articleshow/68367950.cms">India presses new charges against diamond merchant Nirav Modi and wife Ami in alleged money laundering case</a>

India has seized over ₹548 million worth of paintings from Nirav Modi’s art collection including prized work by VS Gaitonde

<ul><li>Total exposure of Indian banks in the alleged fraud is approximately Rs 20,000 crore</li><li><keyword id="6355975" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="axis-bank">Axis Bank</keyword> has an exposure of Rs 20-30 billion, <keyword id="6358005" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="allahabad-bank">Allahabad Bank</keyword> has Rs 40 billion and SBI, Rs 13 billion. </li><li>As a result of the scam, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) decided to ban LoU-based transactions on March 13.</li></ul> <keyword id="62034" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Punjab-National-Bank">Punjab National Bank</keyword> (PNB) has five days to honour its guarantees to the <keyword id="63524" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-Bank-of-India">Union Bank of India</keyword> to the tune of Rs 10 billion. If it fails to do so, Union Bank, in an unprecedented move, will have no option but to consider PNB a defaulter in its books and may even have to classify the unpaid amount as a non-performing asset (NPA) based on the recommendations of its auditors. Both banks are state-owned and if this default happens, it could shake the foundation of the banking sector leading to both the people and international banking institutions losing faith in the banking system. The only way this can be avoided is if the government or the RBI swoop in and bail PNB out. All this stems from the <keyword id="571991" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirav-Modi">Nirav Modi</keyword> case which involves fraudulent letters of undertaking (<keyword id="368886" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Lou">LoU</keyword>). And though this matter is being investigated by government agencies, Union Bank contests that there is no fraud in its books. Rajkiran Rai, MD of Union Bank told the <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/banking/pnb-may-become-1st-bank-to-be-labelled-as-defaulter/articleshow/63459075.cms">Economic Times</a>, “For us, it is a genuine claim on PNB backed by documents. It is not a fraud in our books... We will take the auditor’s view. However, we don’t want to list PNB as a defaulter. We are expecting some intervention from either the government or RBI so that there is a resolution by March 31.” LoUs are essentially a tool used between Indian banks as guarantees under which customers of one bank can raise money from the other Indian bank's foreign branch in the form of a short-term credit arrangement, typically 90 days long. In the case of Nirav Modi and Mehul Choksi scam, the total exposure of Indian banks in the alleged fraud is approximately Rs. 20, 000 crore--almost twice the initial estimate. According to <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/finance/in-5-days-pnb-may-be-first-bank-to-get-defaulter-tag-due-to-nirav-modi-118032600248_1.html" data-type="tilCustomLink">Business Standard</a>, apart for Union Bank of India, <a class="storyTags" href="http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&amp;q=axis+bank" target="_blank">Axis Bank </a>has an exposure of Rs 20-30 billion, <a class="storyTags" href="http://www.business-standard.com/search?type=news&amp;q=allahabad+bank" target="_blank">Allahabad Bank </a>has Rs 40 billion and SBI, Rs 13 billion. As a result of the scam, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) decided to ban LoU-based transactions on March 13. However, this move has raised concerns with a bunch of bankers. Asked if the RBI decision is an overreach action by the <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/policy/policymakers-need-to-be-careful-sanyal-on-lou-ban/articleshow/63302747.cms">Economic Times</a>, the Finance Ministry's Principal Economic Advisor Sanjeev Sanyal said, "I am not in a position to comment on RBI decision they have just introduced… But, the general point remains that you have to take a nuanced view of these things in particular because you are not dealing with a silo system. You are dealing with an inter-connected ecosystem and if you block off oxygen in one part it rapidly spreads to rest of the system.”

PNB might become first bank to get 'defaulter' tag in 5 days

New Delhi, Feb 27 () Sebi on Thursday slapped a total fine of Rs 5 crore on fugitive Mehul Choksi, Gitanjali Gems and another individual for violating various regulations, including listing norms, in connection with a massive fraud on state-run lender PNB. Choksi, promoter and managing director of Gitanjali Gems, is the maternal uncle of Nirav Modi, who is also facing charges for defrauding state-run Punjab National Bank (PNB) of over Rs 14,000 crore. Both Choksi and Modi fled India after the PNB scam came to light in early 2018. While Choksi is said to be in Antigua, Modi is lodged in a British jail and has challenged India's extradition request. In its order, Sebi said it is imposing a fine totalling Rs 5 crore on Choksi, Gitanjali Gems and Dhanesh Sheth, the executive director of Gitanjali. "... the default is grave and the gravity of this matter cannot be ignored," Sebi said. It quoted a communication from PNB that it had reported to the RBI total fraud of over Rs 11,394 crore in case of unauthorized issuance of LOUs, foreign letters of credit and inland letter of guarantees in the group accounts of Nirav Modi Group and Gitanjali Group and in the account of one Chandri Paper &amp; Allied Products Pvt Ltd. The overall fraud size is said to be even larger at over Rs 14,000 crore. "I am of the considered opinion that the deliberate defiance of the mandatory obligations and hiding the crucial and material information from investors, regulators and stock exchange, as found in this case should be dealt with sternly and the penalty in such cases should serve as effective deterrence," Sebi Adjudicating Officer Santosh Shukla said in a 28-page order. Sebi has penalised the entities for failing to make various requisite disclosures. Gitanjali has not made disclosures regarding withdrawal of credit limits by PNB in view of the alleged fraud by the firm and its subsidiaries, the sudden obligation to repay Rs 1,045.88 crore within 10 days and subsequent developments in the matter. The firm also failed to make disclosures on various litigations and actions by enforcement agencies against it, its managing director and other senior managerial personnel to the stock exchanges and also failed to reply on various clarifications sought by the exchanges till date, Sebi said. In addition, no disclosure was made on resignation of director, company secretary and chief finance officer to the stock exchanges. No disclosures with respect to delay in payment of interest and principal amount for a period of more than three months from the due date and default in payment of interest and principal to LIC on NCDs was made. Sebi noted that LIC has exposure to the firm under secured non-convertible debentures (NCDs) for Rs 125 crore. Gitanjali had issued post-dated cheques which were payable up to July 2019. However, the company stopped making repayments from October 2017. The firm has "prima facie" defaulted on debt obligations to LIC since October 2017, Sebi said. "Noticees actively and deliberately concealed the important information and did not disclose at all by the noticees, to the stock exchanges," it added. Highlighting Choksi's and Sheth's responsibility in making disclosures, Sebi said "instead of fulfilling their responsibilities, based on various media reports, it has been noted that the noticee no. 2 (Choksi) abdicated his responsibilities by leaving the country in the first week of January 2018, days before the alleged fraud came to light. Further, there is no information available with respect to the noticee no. 3 (Sheth)." "In this case, the Noticees have committed repeated and serious defaults by not disclosing subsequent material events / information with regard to material events as found hereinabove. The defaults by the Noticees are blameworthy and serious considering the degree of responsibility bestowed upon them by the statute," Sebi noted. Regarding Choksi and Sheth, Sebi said "the conduct of these directors is apparently mala fide." SRS BJ ABMABM

PNB fraud: Sebi imposes Rs 5-cr fine on Mehul Choksi, others

In February 2018, it came to light that celebrity diamantaire <keyword id="571991" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirav-Modi">Nirav Modi</keyword> and his uncle <keyword id="2763" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mehul-Choksi">Mehul Choksi</keyword> had defrauded Punjab National Bank (<keyword id="47268" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="PNB">PNB</keyword>), India’s second-largest state-owned bank, of more than ₹130 billion ($2 billion). By using illegal letters of guarantee procured through PNB’s Brady House branch in Mumbai, the pair and their affiliates had taken loans from the overseas branches of a number of Indian banks since 2011 and had subsequently defaulted on them. In the ensuing months, the country’s top investigative agencies, such as the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), filed chargesheets against Modi and Choksi and also accused a number of senior officials at the concerned banks, including the former CEO of PNB, Usha Ananthasubramanian, of being complicit. Concurrently, PNB conducted its own investigation into the matter which concluded recently. The 162-page internal report, which has been reviewed by Reuters, revealed the extent to which the <keyword id="38935" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Fraud">fraud</keyword> touched most of the branch’s operations and found a lot more officials guilty of negligence and/or facilitating the transactions. Here are its main findings:- Over 1,200 credit guarantees were approved Gokulnath Shetty, the deputy general manager of the branch at Brady House, allegedly approved more than 1,200 letters of guarantee over the period in question - 2011 to 2017. He was reportedly supposed to be transferred to another branch but was kept at the branch on the insistence of senior officials. After joining the Brady House branch in 2010 as a foreign exchange officer, Shetty became responsible for authorising transactions over the SWIFT network. However, despite the fact that he was only allowed to approve transactions of ₹2.5 million or less, he did not log the transactions on the bank’s internal systems. This enabled him to authorise larger credit sums without detection. An audit of the bank’s SWIFT system was supposed to take place in 2016 As per instructions from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), PNB was supposed to undertake a review of its SWIFT financial communication systems in lieu of a possible upgrade. However, the audit did not take place. The bank’s systems were extremely outdated. The bank’s officials had failed to the integrate the bank’s SWIFT platform with its internal software for recording transactions. The fraud involved people at several levels in several branches While it's easy to pin the blame on the people at the helm of PNB, in reality, the fraud was facilitated by people at multiple levels of the bank - senior executives, deputy managers, assistant managers, inspection officers and even clerks. While it may have been orchestrated by a few people, a number of a monitoring and compliance lapses prevented the transactions from being identified sooner. And it extended to other branches as well. For example, the New Delhi office was responsible for the reconciliation and verification of international banking and foreign exchange transactions. Furthermore, a number of discrepancies were flagged in annual inspection reports and memos, but no one acted on them. Even a dubious 50% surge in transactions in the year ended March 2017 did not prompt an investigation. All in all, 54 people were named in the internal report. This likely includes <a href="https://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/banks/pnb-fraud-bank-ceo-sunil-mehta-nirav-modi-suspended-21-officials-internal-probe-underway/story/274664.html">the 21 officers who were suspended</a> in April, pending the conclusion of the inquiry. At the time, PNB’s CEO Sunil Mehta alluded to the possibility that more people would be suspended. The internal report has been handed over to the police and relevant authorities as part of the evidence they’re building in the case against Nirav Modi. It will likely result in a lot more additions to the chargesheet. Meanwhile, Modi is still said to <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/nirav-modi-travelled-from-london-to-brussels-on-indian-passport-last-week/articleshow/64629762.cms">be travelling freely</a>. A lot of people will go down as a result of the case, but the big whale still proves elusive for the time being.

Here are the main findings from Punjab National Bank’s internal investigation into the $2 billion Nirav Modi scam

<ul><li>Number of bad loans alone was close to $149 billion last year.</li><li> <keyword id="571991" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirav-Modi">Nirav Modi</keyword> and his uncle Mehul Choksi allegedly defrauded Punjab National Bank of over <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/all-you-need-to-know-about-nirav-modi-and-the-177-billion-pnb-fraud/article22753973.ece" data-type="tilCustomLink">₹1.77 billion</a>. </li><li>According to proxy advisory firm Institutional Investor Advisory Services (IiAS), in 2016-17 alone the Indian banking sector reported 12,553 frauds aggregating to Rs 181.7 billion. </li></ul> India’s already troubled banking sector is being demolished by the surging number of bad loans and/or bank frauds that are coming to light. Though this is not at all a new phenomenon, the Nirav Modi case has opened up a Pandora’s box full of dodgy transactions -- that typically involves cases where the borrower intentionally tries to deceive the lending bank and does not repay the loan -- that run in millions and even billions. As a result of which, the CBI is on an overdrive to nab these offenders. According to data from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), accessed through a right-to-information request by a <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/india-banks-fraud/exclusive-unpublished-data-shows-indias-fraud-problems-extend-far-beyond-pnb-idINKCN1G00SJ">Reuters</a> reporter, in the five financial years leading up to 31 March 2017 showed that state-run banks reported 8,670 “loan fraud” cases totalling ₹612.6 billion. And the number of bad loans alone was close to a whopping <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/unpublished-data-shows-indias-fraud-problems-extend-far-beyond-pnb-1813569" data-type="tilCustomLink">$149 billion</a> last year. According to proxy advisory firm Institutional Investor Advisory Services (IiAS), in 2016-17 alone the <a href="https://www.firstpost.com/business/frauds-cost-rs-18170-cr-in-12553-cases-to-banking-sector-in-fy17-advisory-firm-report-4411267.html">Indian banking sector reported 12,553 frauds aggregating to Rs 181.7 billion</a>. Here’s are of the biggest frauds that came to light in the past financial year. Kanishk Gold Pvt Ltd./consortium of 14 banks led by <keyword id="6354731" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="state-bank-of-india">State Bank of India</keyword> (SBI): Kanishk Gold Pvt Ltd. has been <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/jewellery-chain-kanishk-gold-defrauds-14-banks-to-tune-of-rs-824-15-crore/articleshow/63394221.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">accused</a> by a consortium of 14 banks led by SBI of defaulting on a loan of ₹8241.5 million. While the principal loan amount is about ₹8241.5 million, adding the interest due would indicate a loss of more than ₹10 billion. In a letter dated 25 January 2018 to the CBI, SBI charged Kanishk with "manipulating records, shutting shop overnight." Nirav Modi / <keyword id="6476298" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Punjab-National-Bank">Punjab National Bank:</keyword> The all-too-famous case in which companies owned by billionaire jeweller Nirav Modi and his uncle Mehul Choksi allegedly defrauded India's second-biggest state-run bank of over <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/all-you-need-to-know-about-nirav-modi-and-the-177-billion-pnb-fraud/article22753973.ece" data-type="tilCustomLink">₹1.77 billion</a>, making it India's biggest detected loan fraud. Apparently, two junior officers at a single branch had illegally issued fraudulent “letters of undertaking” (a guarantee that a bank is obliged to repay the loan if the actual borrower fails) without any collateral to the accused. When the accused failed to pay up, the bank employees involved issued more LoUs on behalf of PNB, asking other banks to give out fresh loans to the firms. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) registered the case on 31 January 2018. Vikram Kothari / consortium of 7 banks led by Bank of India: The CBI arrested <keyword id="5888255" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Rotomac">Rotomac</keyword> owner Vikram Kothari and his family in the alleged “willful” loan default to the tune of ₹ 36950 million on 22 Feb 2018. As alleged, the case relates to bank loans <a href="https://thewire.in/banking/banking-sector-hit-second-scam-rs-3695-cr-rotomac-promoters-probed" data-type="tilCustomLink">worth ₹ 29190 million</a> from 2008 onwards taken by Mr Kothari’s companies from a consortium led by Bank of India and comprising Bank of Baroda, Indian Overseas Bank, Union Bank of India, Allahabad Bank, Bank of Maharashtra and Oriental Bank of Commerce. This amount inflated to ₹ 36950 million after including accrued interest, because of repeated defaults on payment. Dwarka Das Seth International Pvt Ltd / Oriental Bank of Commerce: On 24 February 2018, the CBI registered a case against Delhi-based diamond exporter, Dwarka Das Seth International Pvt Ltd, for an alleged <keyword id="77600" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="bank-fraud">bank fraud</keyword> to the tune of <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/cbi-approaches-interpol-to-locate-promoter-of-dwarka-das-seth-jewellers/articleshow/63129931.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">₹3898.5 million</a>. The company was supposedly using letters of credit (LoCs) to pay off other creditors against the purchase of gold and other precious stone and transfer gold and funds outside the country using fictitious transactions. The company was also engaging in business transactions with non-existent entities, it said. Totem Infrastructure Ltd / consortium of eight banks led by Union Bank of India: CBI arrested the promoters of Totem Infrastructure Ltd — Tottempudi Salalith and Tottempudi Kavita — on 23 March 2018 in connection with an alleged <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/cbi-arrests-promoters-of-totem-infra-in-rs-1394-crore-fraud-case/articleshow/63433753.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink">₹13940 million</a> fraud perpetrated against a consortium of eight banks. They were also accused of using the funds that were loaned to them for purposes other than what they were meant for. Aircel promoter C Sivasankaran and more / IDBI Bank: The CBI on Thursday (26 April 2018) registered a case against 15 former and serving senior IDBI Bank officials along with 24 others including former Aircel promoter C Sivasankaran, the heads of two public sector banks — Melwyn Rego of Syndicate Bank and Kishor Kharat of Indian Bank — and former CMD of IDBI Bank M S Raghavanand in an alleged <a href="http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/idbi-bank-fraud-case-cbi-books-indian-bank-and-syndicate-bank-chiefs-aircel-founder/article23684141.ece" data-type="tilCustomLink">₹6-billion</a> bank fraud case. The CBI claims loans worth ₹3220 million and ₹5230 million were given to Sivasankaran’s two offshore companies – Axcel Sunshine Limited (British Virgin Islands) and Finland-based Win Wind Oy respectively – which turned non-performing assets.

Here are the biggest bank frauds that happened in India the previous financial year

<ul><li>Skeletons keep tumbling out of the Punjab National Bank's closet and the stock is down nearly 10% on Monday.</li><li>One of India's marquee government banks, PNB, revealed that it had lost another half a billion dollars to a loan fraud, this time, at <keyword id="1943934" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bhushan-Power-and-Steel">Bhushan Power and Steel</keyword>.</li><li>Bhushan Power and Steel is awaiting resolution at the National Company Law Tribunal.</li></ul>Skeletons keep tumbling out of the Punjab National Bank's (PNB) closet and the share price was down 10% on Monday (July 8). One of India's marquee government banks, PNB, revealed that it had lost another half a billion dollars to a loan fraud, this time, at Bhushan Power and Steel. Bhushan Power and Steel is awaiting resolution at the National Company Law Tribunal. PNB informed the stock exchanges on Saturday that it had written to RBI sharing its findings from a forensic report-- nearly ₹3,805.15 crore had been swindled away by the now-insolvent Bhushan Power and Steel Ltd (BPSL). The company has already set aside half of the amount from its profits to cover for the loss, if any, as per the prescribed prudential norms. However, the share price has lost nearly the entire amount in market capitalisation as investors rued the lack of adequate checks and balances. The company had "misappropriated funds and manipulated books of accounts to raise funds from consortium lender banks", PNB said. In February 2018, the ₹13,500-crore scam involving diamantaires Nirav Modi and Mehul Choksi had come to light at the PNB. It is one of the first 12 accounts identified by the RBI for insolvency proceedings. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), India's premier investigative agency, is already probing Bhushan Power and Steel for alleged lapses in governance. "At present, the case is in advance stage at the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) and the bank expects good recovery in the account," PNB said. With inputs from IANS SEE ALSO <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/url-budget-2019-proposals-to-improve-market-liquidity-in-banks-nbfcs/articleshow/70090570.cms" data-type="tilCustomLink" target="_blank">Indian banks will now have more cash to lend for more reasons than one</a>

The stock of Punjab National Bank has lost half a billion dollars after a loan fraud of the same amount came to light

New Delhi, Jan 24 () The government on Friday announced appointment of L V Prabhakar as managing director and CEO of Canara Bank.
 He will replace R A Sankara Narayanan who demits office on January 31.
 The central government appoints L V Prabhakar as MD and CEO with effect from February 1, 2020, and up to the date of his attaining the age of superannuation December 31, 2022 or until further orders, an official order said.
 Prabhakar, currently executive director at Punjab National Bank. Prior to joining PNB in 2018, he served Allahabad Bank in various capacities.
 He took over the reins of Executive Director PNB at a tumultuous time when Nirav Modi fraud was unearthed. For a long period of time he single-handedly managed the responsibilities of three executive directors. 
He has spearheaded recovery efforts of the bank. During his tenure, the gross domestic business increased by Rs 1 lakh crore to landmark figure of Rs 11.45 lakh crore with gross recovery of more than Rs 20,000 crore.
 His zest for perfection and workmanship was exemplified by the fact that for a long period of time he single-handedly managed the responsibilities of three Executive Directors &amp; brought the Bank back on upward trajectory. 
 He has also been serving on Board of PNB Housing Finance Ltd. &amp; PNB MetLife India Insurance Company as non-executive director. DP MR
MR

Govt appoints L V Prabhakar as MD of Canara Bank

<ul><li>The <keyword id="571991" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nirav-Modi">Nirav Modi</keyword> <keyword id="41357" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Scam">scam</keyword> is technology vs human ingenuity. </li><li>It's not a cybercrime, but it's certainly a bank heist.</li><li>Bankers and Modi's staff misused the <keyword id="6360068" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="swift">SWIFT</keyword> system to build a $1.6 billion scam.</li></ul> Technology is only as strong as the humans using it. That pretty much sums up the Nirav Modi scam that came to light last week. The parties involved misused the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) money transfer system, and their personal positions within <keyword id="62034" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Punjab-National-Bank">Punjab National Bank</keyword> to build a $1.6 billion (or more) scam. At its core, the Nirav Modi scam is a hack, though it can't really be labeled as cybercrime. <keyword id="6242884" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="gokulnath-shetty">Gokulnath Shetty</keyword>, deputy branch manager at a <keyword id="47268" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="PNB">PNB</keyword> branch in South Mumbai, had the passwords required to log into the SWIFT system. That allowed him to effectively game the system in favour of Modi's firms. But what is SWIFT? And how is a password enough to send $ 1.6 billion down the drain? The anatomy of a bank heist When money is transferred overseas, banks inform the same to the country's treasury. The treasury then informs another country's treasury, which in turn tells the bank in that other country to transfer the funds. But, as powerful as the treasury is, it cannot do so without a branch manager's consent. The branch manager in question here is the bank branch that originally got the transfer request. This consent (from the bank's branch manager) is issued through SWIFT messages. You could call it the world's most powerful messaging system. SWIFT is an inter-bank messaging system that doesn't transfer any money but informs banks around the world that loans or fund transfers have been authorised. SWIFT messages are sent in set formats and hold information relevant to a particular transfer. In the Nirav Modi scam, the Letters of Understanding (LoU) in question were issued through SWIFT. Unlike the $81 million Bangladesh Bank hack of 2016, there was no malware involved in this case. The malware here were humans, armed with passwords. A CBI source told <a href="https://thewire.in/225297/nirav-modis-team-given-unauthorised-access-pnb-systems-cbi-sources/" data-type="tilCustomLink">The Wire</a> that - "Modi's staff were logging into the SWIFT system using passwords of PNB officials, including Shetty, in the capacity of verifier/authoriser and enabling the fraudulent SWIFT messages." What this means is that the accused were issuing and approving the consent of their own accord. Core Banking System (CBS) But there's a failsafe for that as well. Consent issued via SWIFT are eventually supposed to tie in with a bank's core system. This is the technology allowing various bank branches to inter-operate. The Core Banking System and the SWIFT system are separate systems, requiring manual input for SWIFT messages into the CBS. This is where PNB's oversight comes into the picture. A LoU issued via the SWIFT system is supposed to be manually entered into the CBS at some point. Somehow, no one did that, and no one asked either. The result? $ 1.6 billion or more in the hands of diamond sellers. (Image courtesy: PTI)

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