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WHO says Nipah virus can be a potential epidemic in future. The outbreak of Nipah virus recognized in Bangladesh in 2004 was said to be caused by consuming date palm sap that was exposed to Nipah virus infected fruit bats. Nipah virus outbreaks were noticed in Kerala in India, Bangladesh, Singapore, Malaysia, and eastern Australia. The recent death of three members in the Nipah virus affected family in Kerala made the Kerala State Health Department to put the state on high alert. The nature of Nipah virus has not been ascertained so far. Symptoms and signs of Nipah virus infection in humans Human beings infected with Nipah virus can show up asymptomatic infection or acute respiratory infection ranging from mild to severe states in addition to encephalitis that can prove fatal. Some of the symptoms developed by persons infected with Nipah virus include headaches, fevers, muscle pain, sore throat and vomiting. They might also feel drowsiness, altered consciousness, and some neurological conditions like acute encephalitis or brain inflammation. In some affected individuals, Nipah virus can lead to severe kind of respiratory problems and acute respiratory distress. In some other serious cases of Nipah virus infection, the individuals might experience severe respiratory difficulties, atypical pneumonia, and seizures. Such conditions can also progress to the level of coma within a period of 24 to 48 hours. Convulsions and pulmonary signs can also be noticed in some infected persons. The incubation period of this virus is found to be between 4 to 14 days and in some cases, this can even drag on for as long as 45 days. The symptoms of Nipah virus are often confused with Japanese encephalitis. The outbreak of Nipah virus in Malaysia led to the death of more than 50% of the cases infected with Nipah virus. How to treat Nipah virus As on date, there are no drugs or vaccines available with us to treat Nipah virus infection. In fact, the WHO has identified Nipah virus as a priority disease for their Research and Development. Severe cases of Nipah virus infections are to be treated to prevent severe respiratory disorders and neurological complications including seizures. Since the vaccine to treat this deadly virus is absent today, prevention is the best way to stop the infection and spread of Nipah virus. Appropriate detergents must be used for a thorough cleaning of the infected pigs if any instances of Nipah virus outbreak is noted in animals, the farm must be immediately quarantined. In order to reduce the risk of Nipah virus outbreak the WHO suggests culling of infected animals, burial or incineration of the carcasses such steps can minimize the risk of transmission of Nipah virus to people. Nipha virus Treatment Treatment of Nipah virus is highly limited. Only supportive care can be given to the infected persons. There is no specific treatment plan available to the medical industry today. Extreme precautions are necessary for the healthcare workers dealing with Nipah virus infected persons and while handling the laboratory samples.

All you need to know about Nipah Virus Symptoms and Treatment

<ul><li>The southern state of <keyword id="28504" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kerala">Kerala</keyword> has been hit by the <keyword id="6544034" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="nipah-virus">Nipah virus</keyword>.</li><li>There have been nine deaths in Kerala’s Kozhikode due to high fever, and at least three have been caused by the virus. </li><li>The <keyword id="83655" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Union-health-ministry">Union Health Ministry</keyword> has sent a team to assist virus hit regions in Kerala.</li></ul><keyword id="6545212" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="nipah">Nipah</keyword> is on the <keyword id="43588" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="World-Health-Organization">World Health Organization</keyword>'s list of viruses most likely to cause a global pandemic. It's the virus that inspired the 2011 movie <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4sYSyuuLk5g">Contagion</a>. And just this past January, governments and philanthropists <a href="http://cepi.net/cepi-officially-launched">pledged</a> hundreds of millions of dollars to develop a Nipah vaccine because it poses such a big threat. The Nipah virus, one of the most deadly viruses on the World Health Organization list, has hit Kerala. The state health department has confirmed three deaths to be caused by Nipah virus in Kerala’s Kozhikode. At least nine people in Kozhikode died due to high fever, says a <a href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/kerala-9-die-due-to-high-fever-2-affected-with-nipah-virus-118052100239_1.html">report</a>. What is Nipah virus? How does it spread? The Nipah virus is carried by fruit <keyword id="92255" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bats">bats</keyword>, of the Pteropodidae family, Pteropus genus, and was first identified during an outbreak in Kampung Sungai Nipah in <keyword id="8695" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Malaysia">Malaysia</keyword> in 1998. The virus can cause diseases to human beings and animals. The disease can be transmitted both from animal-human and human-human contact. The virus can spread to humans through food contaminated by bat saliva or urine. India has had two reported outbreaks of Nipah virus, both the times in <keyword id="6357783" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="West-bengal">West Bengal</keyword>, once in 2001 and then in 2007. The total death toll during the outbreaks was fifty of the seventy-one reported cases. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), the fatality rate of the virus is <a href="http://www.searo.who.int/entity/emerging_diseases/links/nipah_virus_outbreaks_sear/en/">75%</a> on an average. Symptoms of Nipah virus-affected patients: After the exposure, the virus has an incubation period of 5-14 days. Here are the symptoms of Nipah virus-affected patients: <ul><li>3-14 days of fever</li><li>Drowsiness</li><li>Disorientation and mental confusion</li><li>Respiratory illness</li></ul>Long-term effects of Nipah virus on affected humans: <ul><li>Inflammation of the brain</li><li>Nervous diseases</li><li>Persistent convulsions and personality changes.</li><li>Latent infection and reactivation of Nipah virus.</li></ul> Prevention The only way of prevention is to stay away from infected animals and not to eat fruits that have fallen to the ground as they might have been infected by the virus. Cure and Treatments The virus, as of now, does not have a cure. The primary treatment for humans is intensive care. Nipah virus in Kerala With the confirmation of Nipah virus outbreak in Kerala, and it leading to three deaths in Kozhikode, the Union Health Ministry has sent a team of experts to assist the state. In the past, the outbreaks were caused due to the disease transmission due to contacts from infected bats, pigs and people. Out of the three victims of Nipah virus, two are men and the third is a woman. The two men were brothers and the woman, a relative who visited them in hospital, said a report on <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/3-dead-from-mysterious-nipah-virus-in-kerala-centre-sends-team-10-points-1854897">NDTV</a>. People suspected to be affected by the virus are currently being monitored at the Kozhikode Medical College and a few other hospitals.

A rare virus carried by fruit bats may have just started to spread in India

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">REUTERS/Sukree SukplangFruit bats are the natural hosts for the virus.</div></div></div><ul><li>At least nine people have reportedly died and 25 more have been infected in an outbreak of the Nipah virus in India. </li><li>Nipah is a deadly virus that can be transmitted between people. It has killed between 40% and 75% of infected people in past outbreaks.</li><li>Fruit bats are the natural host of the disease, and there is no cure or vaccine.</li></ul> At least nine people in southern India have died in cases linked to an outbreak of the rare and extremely deadly Nipah virus, according to a <a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-44193145">report by the BBC</a>.Nipah is considered a newly emerging deadly virus - scientists only found out that it could jump from bats to other species, including humans, within the past 20 years. The disease is currently incurable and can be transmitted from person to person. It has killed between 40% and 75% of infected people in most outbreaks.These statistics indicate that Nipah has the potential to cause a deadly pandemic, which is why the World Health Organization <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/disease-x-who-lists-mystery-disease-as-potential-next-pandemic-2018-3">lists Nipah as an urgent research priority</a>, alongside <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-warns-of-deadly-disease-pandemic-2018-5#disease-x-7">diseases like Ebola and SARS</a>.Of the nine people who have died so far in the city of Kozhikode in Kerala, three cases of Nipah have been confirmed. Results from the other six are still being tested, and at least 25 more people have been hospitalized.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">AP Photo/Rob Griffith</div></div></div><h2>A little-known virus</h2>Nipah <a href="http://www.who.int/csr/disease/nipah/en/">first appeared in Malaysia</a> in 1998, when 265 people became infected with a strange illness that caused encephalitis, or brain inflammation, after they came into contact with pigs or sick people. In that outbreak, <a href="http://www.searo.who.int/entity/emerging_diseases/links/CDS_Nipah_Virus.pdf?ua=1">105 people died</a>, a fatality rate of 40%.Since then, there have been a number of smaller outbreaks in India and Bangladesh, with about 280 infections and 211 deaths - <a href="http://www.searo.who.int/entity/emerging_diseases/links/nipah_virus_outbreaks_sear/en/">an average fatality rate</a> of 75%.When the first infections jumped from pigs to humans, authorities killed more than a million pigs to try to stop the spread of the disease. Since then, however, researchers have identified several fruit bat species as the natural hosts of the virus. In some cases, humans have been infected after drinking sap from date palms that bats may have contaminated.The BBC reported that in the most recent outbreak, mangoes bitten by bats were found in a home where three of the deceased patients lived.Symptoms for Nipah have varied <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/nipah/symptoms/index.html">depending on the outbreak</a>. Many patients first experienced fever and headache, followed by drowsiness and confusion. Some patients have also shown respiratory flu-like symptoms while infected. In other cases, symptoms progressed to a coma within a day or two. People who survive the initial infection can have lasting health issues, including personality changes and persistent convulsions. In some cases, the virus has re-activated in patients months or years after exposure, causing illness and death.Close contact with sick animals or people can spread the disease - in the current outbreak, at least one of the deceased people was a nurse who treated sick patients. <a href="https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/49/11/1743/344101">A study of Nipah virus transmission</a> suggested that infected patients' saliva is likely to spread the infection.For now, the priority is to identify the remaining Nipah cases to ensure the disease doesn't continue to spread. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/octopus-weirdest-animals-rna-editing-super-powers-2018-5">Octopuses are officially the weirdest animals on Earth</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

A little-known, rare, and extremely deadly virus has emerged and killed people in India - here's what to know about Nipah virus

<ul><li>Two new cases in Karnataka took the total number of infected patients to 10 in the state. </li><li>Nagpur police have imposed Section 144 of Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)to ban public gatherings. </li><li>The Aligarh Muslim University urged students to stay away from Friday prayers if they have flu-like symptoms. </li><li>The government on Monday prohibited the entry of passengers from European countries and Turkey as a precautionary measure from March 18 to 31.</li></ul> The number of <keyword id="8674550" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Coronavirus-cases-in-India">coronavirus cases in India</keyword> currently stands at 140, including 13 people cured of the disease and three who lost their lives, according to the latest data available on the ministry of health and family welfare <a href="https://www.mohfw.gov.in/">website</a>. The number of cases in Maharashtra saw a steep rise in the past one week after a family of 5 escaped the <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> tests at the airport. The Maharashtra government reported 39 active cases in the state, making it the worst-hit state in India.Kerala stood second place with 27 infected people. The Nagpur Police has imposed Section 144 of Code of Criminal Procedure till March 31 to ban public gatherings to check the spread of the virus. Gurgaon woman tests positive, first confirmed case of coronavirus in Haryana A 29-year-old woman in Haryana's Gurgaon district tested positive for coronavirus, a health official said on Tuesday(March 17). The employee of a Gurgaon-based company and has travelled to Malaysia and Indonesia before testing positive. The samples of her tests were taken to the Pune-based National Institute of Virology, which confirmed her to be positive of Covid-19 Noida reports 2 new cases of coronavirus Two people from Gautam Buddha Nagar in Uttar Pradesh have tested positive with coronavirus. While one patient is identified as a resident of Sector 100 who returned from France. The second patient is a resident of Hyde Park in Sector 78. Both are now in isolation. 64-year old passes away in Mumbai taking state death toll to 2 A 64-year-old coronavirus patient today (March 17) passed away at Mumbai's Kasturba Hospital, taking the state’s death toll to 2. In fact, both the people who passed away are from Mumbai. Overall, three people have died of the disease across the country. Karnataka reports two new cases The Karnataka health department on Tuesday reported two new cases of coronavirus, taking the total number of infected patients to 10 in the state. A 20-year-old woman, who travelled from the UK has tested positive and a 60-year-old man, who came in contact with the 76-year-old deceased patient from Kalaburgi, also tested positive. 
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
	
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 India bans entry of Europeans and Turkey from March 18 to 31 The government on Monday prohibited the entry of passengers from European countries and Turkey as a precautionary measure from March 18 to 31. The government also announced to expand the minimum quarantine for people travelling to India from UAE, Qatar, Oman and Kuwait. Addressing a <a href="https://www.mohfw.gov.in/TravelAdvisory16thMarch.pdf">press conference</a>, minister of health joint secretary Lav Agarwal said, “As a precautionary measure, we are expanding compulsory quarantine for a minimum period of 14 days for passengers coming from or transiting through UAE, Qatar, Oman, and Kuwait.” Guidelines for cremating bodies of coronavirus infected deads In order to stop the infection from spreading further, the Central government is framing guidelines for handling bodies of those who die of coronavirus. It came after the controversy over the cremation of a Delhi patient who died of the virus last week. The <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/govt-framing-guidelines-for-handling-virus-victims-bodies/articleshow/74663235.cms">experts</a> at the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) are reviewing the guidelines that were framed during the 2018 Kerala Nipah virus outbreak and might adopt them for coronavirus as well. Air India pilots seek urgent financial aid in awake of covid-19 The two Air India pilots’ unions, Indian Aviation Guild and the Indian Commercial Pilots Association, have used this opportunity to highlight their plight in a letter to civil aviation minister Hardeep Singh Puri The letter said, “during this time, Air India employees have gone above and beyond to get our countrymen back from Covid-19-affected countries worldwide.” It went on to add, “On one hand the cabinet has openly praised the recent efforts of Air Indians and the national carrier, but on the other, the government has not infused any funds. Our fundamental right to wages for work already done is being flouted time and again.” AMU urges students to sit at a distance during Friday prayers The Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) has issued a notice urging students and all other employees of the varsity to stay away from Friday prayers on the campus mosques if they have any symptoms of flu. According to the notice, people have been asked to sit at a distance from each other during prayers and also skip one row in between. It also said that those with symptoms of flu should offer prayers at their residences. The AMU has around 20 mosques in the campus and the 20,000 students and teachers who live on the campus, offer prayers at these mosques. Taj Mahal shuts entry amid coronavirus scare The Taj Mahal will be closed for tourists from Tuesday onwards amid the novel coronavirus pandemic. Officials said that the decision was communicated to them on Monday night by the Ministry of Tourism in New Delhi. The Taj Mahal’s closure will be a major jolt to the domestic tourism industry, particularly the hospitality sector since the shutdown would lead to more cancellation of bookings in Agra. McDonald’s, Domino’s introducing ‘contactless’ delivery in India After Zomato and Swiggy, McDonald’s and Domino’s Pizza on Monday introduced ‘contactless’ delivery option where the delivery boys will ensure social distancing. Westlife Development, which owns McDonald’s restaurants in western and southern India, said that it has launched a ‘contactless’ delivery option in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. “This service will allow customers to receive their order without coming in contact with the delivery staff. This feature has been introduced as an additional precautionary measure to ensure the safety of both the customers and the delivery staff,” said Jubilant FoodWorks Ltd (JFL), which runs Domino’s Pizza in the country. Punjab government shuts zoos amid <keyword id="8595403" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Coronavirus-outbreak">coronavirus outbreak</keyword> The Punjab government on Monday ordered the closure of all zoos in the state till March 31 as a preventive measure in view of the coronavirus outbreak, an official statement said. There is a large zoo at Chhatbir near Chandigarh. Besides, there are four other small zoos at Patiala, Ludhiana, Bathinda and Neelon near Samrala in Punjab, it said. According to the statement, nearly 4,000 people visit these zoos daily. The number swells to 10,000 on weekends and more during holidays in summer and winter seasons. All 12 zoos, National Library shut in Bengal till March 31 The West Bengal Government has closed all 12 zoos in the state, including the famous Alipore Zoological Gardens from Tuesday till March 31 as a means of combating the deadly <keyword id="1559124" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus-infection">coronavirus infection</keyword>, a senior minister said. The National Library here is also being shut till March 31, an official said. Minister for Forests Rajib Banerjee told mediapersons that the decision was taken in view of an advisory from the Central Zoo Authority of India which the state government was adhering to totally. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/topic/coronavirus">coronavirus: Latest News, Articles on coronavirus | Business Insider India</a>

Coronavirus: Number of cases in India stands at 140; 13 cured and three dead

The bloodbath seen at Dalal Street and markets across the globe has been driven by the fear of <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> and bearish sentiments may only get changed once there is comfort in the markets that the deadly virus will be cured, Nilesh Shah, MD, Kotak Mahindra Asset Management Company has said. In last 30 days barring Chinese markets, most of the global markets have fallen between 10-30 per cent spooked by the coronavirus spread. The fall across the world is as sharp as 2008 which was a financial crisis. <keyword id="55718" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Dow-Jones">Dow jones</keyword> has moved from all time high to 20 per cent correction, a bear zone in just about 19 working days. It's the fastest ever in their history. Dalal Street has also been on a free fall for past few days with both Nifty50 on the <keyword id="53581" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="NATIONAL-STOCK-EXCHANGE">National Stock Exchange</keyword> and the <keyword id="53232" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="BSE-sensex">BSE Sensex</keyword> hitting their lower circuit in early morning trade on Friday resulting in trading to be halted for the next 45 minutes. According to Shah unless a medical solution emerges, there is less likelihood of markets to settle down. "Lower oil prices, lower interest rates, higher liquidity and lower trade deficit with China will not be discounted by the market till such time there is a medical solution for coronavirus," he said in a Concall over present developments. He said that for India, the fundamentals have not yet deteriorated as much as China, Italy or Iran, but the markets are pricing that India will not be able to contain coronavirus scare. "Rightly or wrongly this perception is pushing Foreign Portfolio Investor's to sell their Indian holdings. The persistent and intense selling by FPIs is resulting into sharp drop in prices. Hopefully, we will able to change that perception by containing coronavirus like we contained Nipah virus in Kerala some time back," Shah said putting hope on India's hot and humid climate to help change the perception faster. In China, through lockdown and aggressive quarantine, coronavirus spread has largely been contained in a reasonable period of time. Today, China seems to be recovering and their market is marginally positive over last 30 days compared to world markets which are down 20 per cent. Shah said that medical solution for coronavirus was important as Indian markets are not discounting some facts that indicates that all is not as bad as is being perceived. "In October 2008 at the peak of subprime crisis our Market Cap bottomed at $ 510 billion. Our market cap to GDP ratio was 43 per cent at that point of time. Currently, our market cap is $ 1.68 trillion. Our market cap to GDP ratio is 56 per cent. From Market cap to GDP ratio we are becoming cheaper," Shah said. On the oil front, crude prices have come down from $ 68 per barrel to $ 35 p er barrel. Every drop of a dollar in Oil prices benefits India by $ 1.4 bill ion. If oil prices persist at this price level than India will benefit by $ 4 6 billion. Moreover, the current situation will also help to reduce country's trade deficit with China. India's trade deficit with China is about $70 billion, including routing from other countries and havala payment. (Officially - $58 billion). Shah said that India could save $10-12 billion as Chinese exports will be impacted due to coronavirus scare. Another positive on the present developments is that Central banks around the world are cutting interest rates and pumping liquidity. The US Fed cut rates by 33 per cent or 50 bps on a base of 1.58 per cent. Bank of England cut rates by 66 per cent or 50 bps on a base of 0.75 per cent. There is expectation in the market that the RBI will also lower interest rates to support growth that should boost investment and growth. The current situation also presents India with an opportunity to attract larger investment. "There is likelihood of shift of manufacturing from China to other countries as the firms start diversifying their supply chain. India can welcome those companies to become part of global supply chain. This can support India's growth for years to come," Shah said in his note. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/topic/coronavirus">coronavirus: Latest News, Articles on coronavirus | Business Insider India</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/what-is-the-meaning-of-pandemic-epidemic-outbreak/articleshow/74587579.cms">What is the meaning of pandemic and how is it different from an epidemic or an outbreak</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/coronavirus-travel-ban-india-on-lockdown-till-april-15/articleshow/74586131.cms">Coronavirus travel ban: India on lockdown till April 15</a>

Stock markets will stop bleeding after Corona cure emerges say experts

<ul><li>After 3 confirmed <keyword id="1754604" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="coronavirus">coronavirus</keyword> cases, Kerala fears mass cancellations from tourists </li><li>State tourism minister <keyword id="916683" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kadakampally-Surendran">Kadakampally Surendran</keyword> said the hotels have seen mass cancellations. </li><li>Business Insider India reached out to online travel portals like EaseMyTrip and Cleartrip to assess the impact of Coronavirus on <keyword id="6362858" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Kerala-Tourism">Kerala Tourism</keyword>. They say that the demand remains strong as of now. </li></ul>The outbreak of <keyword id="8637381" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Coronavirus-in-Kerala">coronavirus in Kerala</keyword> has cast a shadow on the state’s vibrant tourist inflow. After the state reported<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/806-people-in-kerala-under-observation-for-coronavirus/articleshow/73754612.cms?upcache=2"> three confirmed coronavirus cases</a>, even its border states like <keyword id="6354780" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Karnataka">Karnataka</keyword> have turned alert. State tourism minister Kadakampally Surendran said the hotels have seen mass cancellations. “After the Nipah virus and deadly floods, the coronavirus outbreak has also adversely impacted the holiday industry as hotel bookings during February-March have been cancelled widely across the state, ''<a href="https://www.livemint.com/news/world/coronavirus-live-update-death-toll-jumps-to-425-hyundai-suspends-production-line-11580788423653.html"> he said in a press conference</a>. Business Insider India reached out to online travel portals like EaseMyTrip and Cleartrip to assess the impact of Coronavirus on Kerala Tourism. They say that the demand remains strong as of now. Too early to asses, say travel portals Balu Ramachandran, senior vice president of Cleartrip believes that it is very early to say conclusively if there will be any discernible impact on travel with respect to Coronavirus “As of now, we haven't received any updates from airlines for flight cancellations for Kerala. However, we have observed a few cancellations of hotel bookings especially of women travellers,” Prashant Pitti, co-founder and executive director of EaseMyTrip. If any, this will be the third time that the state’s tourism sector has been hit. Two years ago in August 2018, Kerala was swept away by deadly monsoon rains taking as many as 504 lives. In all, 23 million were affected and the losses for the state mounted to $2.7 billion. In June 2019, 17 people were killed in 21 days after catching Nipah virus infection (NiV) that too like Coronavirus has no cure. SEE ALSO : <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/fighting-wuhan-coronavirus-pictures-show-how-china-built-a-1000-bed-hospital-in-10-days/articleshow/73758306.cms">Fighting Wuhan Coronavirus: Pictures show how China built a 1000-bed hospital in 10 days</a>

Kerala’s tourism is infected following three confirmed cases of coronavirus

(Eds:Correcting headline,recasts intro, edits throughout) Thiruvananthapuram, May 5 (): Having put up animpressive fight against coronavirus by curing 400 patients,the Kerala government is, however, cautious and doesn't wantto lower the guard in its fight against the "invisible enemy."The southern state has treated and cured 400 COVID-19patients and reported only three fatalities with 34 activecases, earning accolades from many quarters.Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan has time and again soughtto drive home the point that complacency cannot be affordeddespite a seemingly better show."We cannot say we have crossed the danger mark or thatthe danger of community spread no longer exists. We need to bevery careful", Vijayan had said.The state has been receiving paludits for havingseemingly "flattenened the curve" of COVID-19 cases and the"Kerala model" has also been debated, even in someinternational fora.Kerala's achievement comes at at a time when neighbouringstates like Tamil Nadu are seeing a surge in positive cases.While accepting that the recovery rate in the state wasfaster when compared to other states and Kerala was fightingthe pandemic in a much more scientific manner, state HomeSecretary Vishwas Mehta felt the threat was far from over."The threat is not over. For the simple reason that tillwe get a vaccine, this will continue all over the world.""The recovery in Kerala is fast. We are hovering down.When compared to other states, the number of positive cases,deaths and those under surveillance are coming down in thestate. No one is tackling the pandemic as scientifically as weare doing," Mehta told .However, people need to be more careful and not be"irresponsible in dealing with the invisible enemy," he added."The virus will affect those who are not having immunityor have bad health. People must use masks and maintain socialdistancing. We need to maintain our vigil and continue ourfight against it," Mehta said.Asked if the state had flattened the curve, the stateNodal officer for infectious disease, including coronavirus,Dr Amar Fettle said it requires data for a longer period,apparently to come to a conclusion."But overall, the curve has flattened. However, this isno time for relaxing. This is no time for lowering our guard.As there are news that we have 'flattened the curve', peoplehave started coming out in the open without using masks," hesaid.Kerala has made wearing masks mandatory and has imposed afine of Rs 5,000 for repeat offenders.The lessons learnt during the outbreak of the 2018 Nipahvirus, which had claimed 17 lives in Kozhikode and Malappuram,including that of a young nurse Lini Puthussuery, came inhandy for the state in getting battle ready to face COVID-19.Health minister K K Shailaja has said Kerala began itspreparations vis-a-vis Covid-19 when reports emerged of itsoutbreak in the epicentre Chinese city of Wuhan in Decemberlast.The state had many medical students studying in Wuhan andknew that they would be returning. One among the returnes wasthe country's first case of the infection.India's first three cases of the virus were from Keralaand by the time they showed some symptoms, they had alreadybeen isolated in hospitals.A 20-year-student from Thrissur, who returned from Wuhan,did not have any symptoms when she returned.But when she developed a sore throat and dry cough, sheinformed health workers and they kept in touch with her on adaily basis, before she was shifted to a hospital on January27, three days before she tested positive for Covid-19.Two others from Wuhan University, hailing from Alapuzhaand Kasaragod, also subsequently tested positive for thevirus. All three were cured and discharged in February.The second wave of infections hit Kerala on March 8 whena three-member family from Ranni in Pathanamthitta arrivedfrom Italy and tested positive, along with two of their closerelatives.Subsequently, four more relatives, including nonagenarianThomas and his wife Mariyamma (88),the parents of Moncy whohad returned along with his wife and son from Italy, alsocontracted the virus.All of them were cured and discharged later but therecovery of the elderly couple was a feather in the cap of thestate, with experts describing it as the "rarest of rare" casesince high mortality rate is generally seen in older peopleglobally due to the infection.There was a spike in infections since March 20 when 37cases were detected, with the graph peaking on April 8 with259 cases after which there has been a downward trend of 114on April 20 and 34 on May 4.Three fatalities have been reported so far, two of thembeing aged over 65 years of age and having various otherhealth issues. The other was a four month old baby girl.Fettle, who was a vital part of state machinery infighting the Nipah virus, said practising social distancingand use of masks is a necessity to fight the pandemic andpeople must ensure they wear it the moment they step out oftheir houses, be it inside a cab or at a shop.Asked how the state was fighting the virus when comparedto other states, Mehta said the state "is much much ahead.""We have so many hospitals and doctors in Kerala. We aremuch much ahead of other states. We have the experience ofdealing with the Nipah virus. We have the experience ofhandling such diseases," Mehta said."In the health sector, we are on par with Europeancountries,IMR (Infant Mortality Rate), MMR, death mortality,"he added.However, what is a cause for concern is that many peoplewho were asymptomatic are among those who tested positivelater and the health authorities are cluless about the sourceof their infection.With Non-Resident Keralites (NRK) who are expected toarrive in the state from various countries from May 7, thestate is waiting with bated breath, hoping positive cases willnot see a jump.So far 4.27 lakh Keralites stranded in various countries,including over 9,000 pregnant women, have registered with theNon Resident Keralites Affairs' (NORKA) online portal.Nearly one lakh people from other states have alsoregistered for their return.Those with expired visiting visas, the aged, pregnantwomen, children, critically ill patients, students who havecompleted their courses, and others are among the largenumbers of people who are waiting to return."Around 27,000 institutitions, including hotels, resorts,hostels, schools, lodges, stadiums and even auditoriums havebeen identified where we can accommodate around 10 lakhpeople. Space has been found," Mehta said."Stadiums and auditoriums will be used as a last resort,"he added.On Monday, for the second consecutive day, no positivecases were reported in the state and the active cases was 34. RRT UD APRRAVINDRANATH APRRAVINDRANATH

COVID-19: Kerala not to lower guard against "invisible enemy"

What Is Chamki Fever/Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Chamki fever or encephalitis is an inflammatory condition of the brain resulting in a variety of associated symptoms. Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) causes an acute-onset of fever associated with headache and most commonly reported in children and young adults. This illness brings about an alarming rate of morbidity and mortality. The recent outbreak of chamki fever in Bihar resulted in over 100 deaths in Muzaffarpur and its adjoining regions in the state of Bihar, India. Most notably, the similar outbreak of chamki fever resulted in about 700 deaths in 2014. Predominantly, chamki fever affects children and young adults in the age group of 1 to 10. The name chamki bukhar means fever condition associated with a seizure. Reports say that chamki fever or AES has spread in over 12 districts of Bihar including Muzaffarpur, Vaishali and East Champaran with Muzaffarpur declared as the worst hit zone. What is Chamki Fever or Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) or chamki fever is a highly serious public health problem in India. It manifests as an acute onset of fever and a seriously affected mental condition resulting in confusion, disorientation, delirium, or coma. The affected individual may experience seizures. Chamki fever can happen in any age and at any time of the year. Muzaffarpur, Bihar and adjoining areas in Bihar are litchi producing districts. This disease mostly spreads far and wide in the months between April and June especially in children who are undernourished with a history of consuming litchis from the neighboring orchards. Causes of Chamki fever or Acute Encephalitis Syndrome Viruses are said to be the main agents causing AES. However, other sources like bacteria, fungus, chemicals, parasites, spirochetes, toxins, and some noninfectious agents have also been noted to cause chamki fever as studied over the past few decades. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is identified as the major cause of AES in India. The percentage of this agent ranges from 5-35 percent. Nipah virus and Zika virus are also said to be AES causing agents. In some cases. The other agents causing chamki fever include Influenza A virus, simplex virus, mumps, dengue, West Parvovirus B4, Nile virus, Epstein-Barr virus Chandipura virus, measles, enteroviruses, scrub typhus, and S pneumonia. Symptoms of chamki fever or Encephalitis Some of the prominent and most common symptoms of chamki fever include High temperature, Headache, extreme sensitivity to light, stiff neck and back, nausea, and mental confusion. In severe cases of chamki fever, seizures and paralysis can result. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) As discussed so far, JEV is identified as the major cause of AES in India. This virus is spread by mosquitos and it is a kind of flavivirus. This virus belongs to the same genus like dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses. So far no cure has been discovered for chamki fever. The treatment available now focuses mainly on relieving the severe clinical symptoms found in the affected persons and supporting the patients to overcome the infective condition. Treatment for chamki fever or Encephalitis The affected persons must be treated immediately to avoid severe complications. The patients must be admitted to the Intensive Care unit or ICU to prevent any kinds of major mishaps. Chamki fever can be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs including Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen and Naproxen Sodium which can bring down the temperature and headache. Majority of cases reported with chamki fever can get resolved in a matter of a few days. However, some severe cases can take about a few weeks to recover.

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