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<ul><li>New fossils show that penguins swam tropical waters before the solar ice cap even existed. </li><li>The discovery published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.26879/1009">Palaeontologica Electronica</a> points to penguins evolving rapidly after the <keyword id="8433372" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="dinosaurs-went-extinct">dinosaurs went extinct</keyword> 66 million years ago. </li><li>It’s possible that they had the ability to fly before the extinction event. </li></ul>Today, Penguins reside on the chilly banks of Antarctica and twaddle between land and the sea — but <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/penguins-as-big-as-humans-survived-whatever-killed-the-dinosaurs-as-per-fossils-in-new-zealand/articleshow/70731237.cms">that might not have always been the case</a>. Before the solar ice cap was the formed, the oceans were tropical, and penguins were rushing along the evolutionary chain. Not unlike the penguins in the animated movie, Madagascar. They might even have been able to fly, according to a new study published in <a href="https://doi.org/10.26879/1009">Palaeontologica Electronica</a>. "It's not impossible that penguins lost the ability to fly and gained the ability to swim after the extinction event of 66 million years ago, implying the birds underwent huge changes in a very short time. If we ever find a penguin fossil from the Cretaceous period, we'll know for sure," said <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-12/fu-wpr120519.php">Paul Scofield</a>, co-author of the study. These new fossils appear to be from 62.5 million to 60 million years ago — making them the oldest penguin skeletons with proportions similar to the penguins we know today. And, it’s the first species to be discovered that has a similar limb development and foot shape. When dinosaurs went extinct Five new partial penguins skeletons found on the Chatham Island in New Zealand indicate that penguins evolved rather quickly after the dinosaurs went extinct. "We think it's likely that the ancestors of penguins diverged from the lineage leading to their closest living relatives — such as albatross and petrels — during the Late Cretaceous period, and then many different species sprang up after the dinosaurs were wiped out," explained Scofield. Late Cretaceous is the time period before an <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/what-happens-when-an-asteroid-actually-hits-earth/articleshow/70732006.cms">asteroid wiped the dinosaurs out</a> — 110.5 to 66 million years go. Not so different after all The species dubbed Kopoupou Stilwelli after the palaeontologist who made the discovery — Jeffrey Stilwell — were similar in size to a species we know today, King Penguins. Only, the new species had shorter legs. So, when on land, the penguins ‘waddle’ was a little more pronounced. Like King Penguins, they also performed best underwater. "This penguin is the first that has modern proportions both in terms of its size and in its hind limb and foot bones (the tarsometatarsus) or foot shape." Fossils found earlier this year suggested that another species of penguins, during the same time period, may even have been <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/penguins-as-big-as-humans-survived-whatever-killed-the-dinosaurs-as-per-fossils-in-new-zealand/articleshow/70731237.cms">human-sized</a>. It’s possible that both swam alongside each other. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/penguins-as-big-as-humans-survived-whatever-killed-the-dinosaurs-as-per-fossils-in-new-zealand/articleshow/70731237.cms">Penguins as big as humans survived whatever killed the dinosaurs — as per fossils in New Zealand</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/How-The-60-Foot-Long-Ancient-Shark-Megalodon-Ripped-Apart-Giant-Whales/articleshow/25699687.cms">How The 60-Foot-Long Ancient Shark, Megalodon, Ripped Apart Giant Whales</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/scientists-found-the-worlds-oldest-lizard-fossil-and-it-suggests-lizards-lived-among-the-earliest-dinosaurs/articleshow/64466772.cms">Scientists found the world's oldest lizard fossil - and it suggests lizards lived among the earliest dinosaurs</a>

Flying penguins chilling on tropical islands may have existed before the dinosaurs went extinct

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Global temperature changes have been an important driver of penguin <keyword id="12109010" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="evolution" source="Orion">evolution</keyword>, a new study suggests.</li><li>Researchers mapped penguin evolution and identified traits that helped them survive.</li></ul>About 60 million years ago, <keyword id="12133598" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="penguins" source="Orion">penguins</keyword> evolved from their flying ancestors into the water-loving swimmers and divers we know today. A new genetic analysis reveals just how they evolved this underwater prowess, offering the most comprehensive overview of the tuxedo-clad bird's evolutionary history to date.In a new study, published this week in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-31508-9">Nature Communications</a>, a team of international researchers analyzed 27 genomes — or the complete set of genetic information — of all living and recently extinct penguin species. Using that <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/telomere-consortium-scientists-map-full-human-genome-for-first-time-2022-4">genetic data</a> and the existing penguin fossil record, researchers compared the penguin genomes to the genomes of other birds, like pelicans and albatrosses.They found that penguins evolved in response to ancient <keyword id="12002886" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="climate" source="Orion">climate</keyword> shifts, making their bodies uniquely specialized to some of the harshest conditions on Earth."This paper provides a step change in our understanding of which genes underpin these different adaptations," Richard Phillips, a seabird ecologist at British Antarctic Survey and a co-author on the study, said in a <a href="https://www.bas.ac.uk/media-post/study-reveals-60-million-years-of-penguin-evolution/">press release</a>. <h1>Temperature changes drove penguin evolution</h1>Ancient penguins <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/extinct-penguin-species-suggests-origin-on-lost-zealandia-continent-2020-9">originated in Zealandia</a>, a submerged land mass off the coast of Australia, about 60 million years ago. Scientists think from there, they migrated to South America and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/Antarctica-ice-shelf-previously-thought-stable-collapses-2022-3">Antarctica</a>. Around 30 to 40 million years ago, later groups likely hitched rides on a strong ocean current flowing around the globe, called the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Penguins lost their ability to fly before the formation of the polar ice sheets, as getting off the ground took too much effort for birds that were becoming expert swimmers."Although when most people think of penguins, they picture them among ice floes and being chased by leopard seals, penguins evolved to be aquatic creatures," Phillips said.<div type="image" title="Many penguins in the snow in the Falkland Islands on June 20, 2022." height="2274" width="3024" msid="93073466" hostid="261" sizebytes="285386"></div>Researchers found that global temperature changes have been an important driver of penguin evolution and contributed to the diversification of new species. For example, the expansion of Antarctica's glaciers during the middle-to-late Miocene period, a period roughly 5.3 to 16 million years ago, marked by significant global cooling, coincides with the emergence of modern crown penguins, roughly 14 million years ago. A suite of genetic adaptations, including body size, underwater vision, heat regulation, and diving ability, allowed these birds to thrive on both land and in water, according to researchers.For example, some genes made forearm bones shorter, while others reduced penguins' feathers, leading them to develop flippers. Other genes helped penguins store white fat, which works as an insulator and energy source, helping the birds stay warm in bitterly cold environments. <h1>Penguins in a warming world</h1><div type="image" title="Keepers at the London Zoo keep the Humboldt penguins cool with frozen fish lollies treats during the heatwave on July 18, 2022." height="2552" width="3650" msid="93073468" hostid="261" sizebytes="311894"></div>The way ancient penguins experienced immense climate fluctuations in the past could offer insight into how they are coping with a warming world. Research suggests modern penguins are not coping well. Due in part to to rising temperatures from <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/climate-change-alter-human-life-un-ipcc-report-2022-2">climate change</a>, half of all living penguin species are classified as either endangered or vulnerable on the <a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/">IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a>. One of the new study's findings is that in warmer temperatures, penguins' rate of evolution slowed. The flightless birds might not be able to handle modern climate change, researchers say, which is happening at a faster clip than the past temperature changes ancient penguins survived."Over 60 million years, these iconic birds have evolved to become highly specialized marine predators, and are now well adapted to some of the most extreme environments on Earth," <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-31508-9">the study authors wrote in the new paper.</a> "Yet, as their evolutionary history reveals, they now stand as sentinels highlighting the vulnerability of cold-adapted fauna in a rapidly warming world."

A new genetic analysis explains how penguins lost the ability to fly, headed south, and became excellent swimmers

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Researchers in <keyword id="22501" type="COUNTRY" weightage="60" keywordseo="New-Zealand">New Zealand</keyword> identified a new, extinct <keyword id="6354605" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="60" keywordseo="Penguin">penguin</keyword> species via fossils.</li><li>The discovery indicates that crested penguins have lived in New Zealand for millions of years.</li><li>Based on this and other findings, researchers believe all modern-day penguins evolved from ancient penguins that roamed the now-sunken continent of <keyword id="4182442" type="PERSON" weightage="60" keywordseo="zealandia">Zealandia</keyword>.</li></ul>Earth's lost eighth continent, Zealandia, sank into the sea between <a href="https://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=300018&amp;org=NSF&amp;from=newsrom=news">50 and 35 million years ago</a>. Today, we know the tiny fraction of it that remains above the waves as New Zealand.But before most of Zealandia disappeared — about 60 million years ago — ancient penguins walked upon the 2-million-square-mile continent. In fact, a recent discovery has led scientists to conclude that all modern-day penguins likely descended from Zealandia's ancient birds.The newly identified fossils of an extinct penguin species offer a crucial, previously missing link between ancient and modern penguins. Last month, <a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rspb.2020.1497">researchers announced</a> that they'd found a set of well-preserved 3-million-year-old fossils, including a skull and a wing bone, on New Zealand's North Island. They identified the bones as belonging to a previously unknown species of crested penguin, which they named Eudyptes atatu.The finding serves as "an important clue that New Zealand might have been a biodiversity hotspot for seabirds for millions of years," Daniel Thomas, a zoologist at Massey University and the lead author of the study, told Business Insider.That's far longer than researchers previously realized; earlier studies had only dated the presence of crested penguins on New Zealand back about 7,000 years, Thomas said. The new timeline suggests the region is the penguin's most likely place of origin. "We propose that New Zealand is likely to be where the earliest ancestor to all crested penguins lived, and where the ancestor of all penguins lived," Thomas said.<h2>New Zealand is the 'seabird capital of the world'</h2><div type="image" title="e atatu penguin bones" height="960" width="1280" msid="78265897" hostid="261"></div>The word atatu comes from the Maori term ata tū, which means dawn; Eudyptes refers to crested penguins — those with feathery yellow stripes above their eyes. There are between four and seven species of them alive on Earth today, depending on <a href="https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/3822-Eudyptes">which taxonomist you ask</a>.New Zealand is home to <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=new+zealand+13+penguin+species&amp;rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS911US911&amp;oq=new+zealand+13+penguin+species&amp;aqs=chrome..69i57.3402j0j4&amp;sourceid=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8=chrome&amp;ie=UTF-8">13 species of penguin</a> for at least part of the year – the most of any country on Earth. More broadly, the island nation is considered the "seabird capital of the world," according to its <a href="https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/birds/sea-and-shore-birds/">Department of Conservation</a>. More than a third of its 80 native seabird species <a href="https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-animals/birds/sea-and-shore-birds/#:~:text=More%20than%20a%20third%20of,endemic%2C%20or%20found%20nowhere%20else.">aren't found</a> anywhere else in the world. The fossils from the extinct Eudyptes atatu penguin were found embedded in rock near the coastal region of Taranaki. Local collectors discovered them first, then alerted researchers at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. After their analysis found the fossils to be about 3 million years old, the researchers compared the fossils to bones of other, living crested penguin species. They found that the ancient penguin was fairly similar to modern-day crested penguins, though its beak was more slender. That's a clue it had a different diet than its modern cousins, most of whom survive mainly on small fish, krill, and crustaceans.<div type="image" title="group of northern rockhopper penguins" height="1258" width="1900" msid="78265900" hostid="261"></div>So E. atatu could either be an ancestor of some species of modern crested penguin, or it could be a sister species that shares a common ancestor. The researchers fed the information from their analysis into a software program that uses data about fossils and other information to map species' most likely origin points and migration patterns. That simulation is what led them to conclude that all modern penguins likely descended from the same Zealandia-dwelling ancestor.<h2>Ancient penguins roamed the lost continent of Zealandia </h2>E. atatu lived in New Zealand tens of millions of years after the rest of Zealandia sank. But the researchers think its ancestor evolved about 60 million years ago, suggesting that penguins likely once wandered the continent while the rest of its surface lay above sea level.<div type="image" title="Zealandia_topography" height="1617" width="1391" msid="78265902" hostid="261"></div>These ancient penguins may have been gigantic. In 2017, researchers <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-017-08565-y">found</a> that prehistoric "mega-penguins" stood 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighed 220 pounds.The majority of Zealandia, which is about half the size of Australia, now sits <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/maps-reveal-eighth-continent-zealandia-underwater-2020-6">3,500 feet under the sea</a>. In addition to mega-penguins, the continent was once likely home to dinosaurs and lush rainforest.

Fossils found in New Zealand suggest the ancestor of all penguins lived on Earth's lost 8th continent, Zealandia

<ul><li>Fossils of a human sized penguin have been discovered along the banks of a river in New Zealand. </li><li>This is the biggest penguin species to ever have existed reaching the height of an average human of 1.6 meters. </li><li>These penguins survived the dinosaurs and ruled for 30 million years before disappearing altogether. </li></ul>The eroding banks of a river can hold many treasures — gold and gems. In New Zealand, prehistoric bones of the biggest penguin ever from 60 million years ago were found. The discovery published in <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03115518.2019.1641619">Alcheringa</a> states that the remains discovered are of the Crossvallia Waiparensis. For the country which is already host to the discovery of a bunch of bird fossils — like the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/paleontologists-have-found-the-fossil-of-a-3-foot-tall-carnivorous-parrot-they-nicknamed-it-squawkzilla-/articleshow/70595741.cms">world’s largest parrot</a>, the giant eagle, burrowing bats and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/These-Are-The-24-Animals-Scientists-Want-To-Bring-Back-From-Extinction/The-Moa-were-a-giant-flightless-bird-from-New-Zealand-that-reached-12-feet-tall-and-weighed-more-than-500-pounds-They-died-out-because-of-over-hunting-by-the-Maori-by-1400-/slideshow/31438849.cms">the moa</a> — a penguin the size of a human being is only the latest feather in its cap. What's more, the penguin wasn't located by an expert or a scientist but by an amateur, Leigh Love, who just happened to spot the fragments on the river bank. Human sized penguin The fossilized bones of the penguin suggest that it was around 1.6 meters tall (5 feet 3 inches), according to the <a href="https://www.canterburymuseum.com/about-us/media-releases/monster-penguin-find-in-waipara-north-canterbury/">Canterbury Museum</a>. That's the same height as Scarlett Johansson, Drew Barrymore and Carrie Underwood. <div type="image" title="_108306153_384c3dd0-a913-4274-ba3b-44e91d0eb750_edited" msid="70731277" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Scientists at the Canterbury Museam look over the penguin fossil&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 But, in human terms, the penguin might have been considered to be overweight for his height, at 80 kilograms. That's twice as heavy and one foot taller than the emperor penguins — the largest penguins that are alive today. Surviving the dinosaurs The discovery of these fossils backs up the scientific theory that the penguins were able to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/A-surprising-factor-in-the-extinction-of-the-dinosaurs-may-have-been-how-long-their-eggs-took-to-hatch/articleshow/56302718.cms">outlast the dinosaurs</a>, even as larger marine reptiles disappeared. For the next 30 million years, it was the era of giant penguins, according to Canterbury Museum's senior curator Paul Scofield. "When the Crossvallia species were alive, New Zealand and Antarctica were very different from today – Antarctica was covered in forest and both had much warmer climates," he says. That is until they disappeared. Scientists are still trying to figure out what happened but their primary theory is that other marine mammals simply grew big enough to create competition for the penguin. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/neil-degrasse-tyson-and-other-scientists-believe-asteroids-will-eventually-hit-earth/articleshow/70644547.cms">It might not be 'dinosaur destroying' but it's only a matter of time before an asteroid hits Earth</a> <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1o6oz6_6kbDGejkONhbhfSXrJyICHhVn32_WV40AIt_w/edit">So many animals are going extinct that it could take Earth 10 million years to recover</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/the-asteroid-that-wiped-out-the-dinosaurs-might-not-have-killed-them-all-if-it-hit-somewhere-else/articleshow/61600183.cms">The asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurs might not have killed them all if it hit somewhere else</a>

Penguins as big as humans survived whatever killed the dinosaurs — as per fossils in New Zealand

<ul class="summary-list"><li>Greenpeace activists used ropes to climb aboard a ship carrying a Shell oil platform.</li><li>Four activists have been aboard the vessel in a protest against climate devastation for five days.</li></ul>Four environmental activists remain firmly planted on an oil platform belonging to Shell in the Atlantic Ocean after <a href="https://twitter.com/GreenpeaceUK/status/1620452823111708673" target="_blank" rel="noopener">dramatic footage</a> showed the protesters scaling earlier this week aboard. The video, released by Greenpeace on Tuesday, shows a tense moment where an activist is swinging from a rope above the ocean over the sound of gusts of wind and waves crashing. In the recording, someone is heard saying, "totally ok," as they ascended the White Marlin, a ship carrying Shell's oil and gas platform.<a href="https://abc17news.com/money/cnn-business-consumer/2023/02/02/greenpeace-activists-scale-shell-oil-platform-in-the-atlantic-ocean-as-company-announces-record-profits/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The 400-foot platform</a> is a "critical piece of equipment" for Shell that will enable the company to unlock eight new wells in the Penguins oil and gas field located in the North Sea by the Shetland Islands, <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/58018/greenpeace-climate-justice-activists-board-and-occupy-shell-platform-en-route-to-major-oilfield-with-message-stop-drilling-start-paying/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">according</a> to the international environmental organization.On board, the four activists — Carlos Marcelo Bariggi Amara from Argentina; Yakup Çetinkaya from Turkey; Imogen Michel from the UK, and Usnea Granger from the US — displayed a banner that read "Stop Drilling. Start Paying" in a peaceful protest "against the climate devastation around the world caused by Shell and the wider fossil fuel industry."The four tracked the White Marlin as it sailed north of the Canary Islands aboard Greenpeace's Arctic Sunrise ship. They were accompanied by two other activists who were not able to clamber onto the ship. Yeb Saño, the executive director of Greenpeace Southeast Asia, failed to onboard but remains on the Arctic Sunrise — which is following the White Marlin. Saño <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/international/press-release/58018/greenpeace-climate-justice-activists-board-and-occupy-shell-platform-en-route-to-major-oilfield-with-message-stop-drilling-start-paying/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">explained they were taking action</a> because "when Shell extracts fossil fuels, it causes a ripple of death, destruction, and displacement around the world, having the worst impact on people who are least to blame for the climate crisis.""So we will take them on at sea, at shareholder meetings, in the courtroom, online, and at their headquarters. We won't stop until we get climate justice. We will make polluters pay," he added. As of Friday, the protestors were still on top of the platform and had "enough supplies of food, water, and all-weather equipment to keep them going for days," a Greenpeace spokesperson told Insider in an email. <div type="image" title="Climate justice activists on the Shell oil platform." height="1875" width="2500" msid="97602909" hostid="261"></div>The protest coincides with the energy giant <a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/shell-earnings-profit-stock-buyback-record-oil-price-russia-ukraine-2023-2">announcing its highest-ever earnings</a> on Thursday, with a reported profit of $39.9 billion in 2022, more than double the company's profits a year earlier. The profits come after <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-invasion-ukraine-predicted-increase-gas-prices-2022-2">a skyrocketing price of natural gas</a> after Russia's invasion of Ukraine. A spokesperson from Shell said, "the new floating vessel will allow production from the Penguins field to continue to provide the necessary energy that the UK needs," the spokesperson said in an email to Insider. Projects like the Penguins oil field are "entirely consistent with a net zero pathway as modeled by the UK's independent Climate Change Committee," they added. The company said the protest was a safety concern, given the "number of people boarding a moving vessel in rough conditions."The activists, however, are experienced climbers who have "undergone thorough training to take part in this action," a Greenpeace spokesperson said, adding they take safety "very seriously." Research from the International Energy Agency <a href="https://www.iea.org/news/pathway-to-critical-and-formidable-goal-of-net-zero-emissions-by-2050-is-narrow-but-brings-huge-benefits" target="_blank" rel="noopener">said there should be</a> "no investment in new fossil fuel supply projects" for a net-zero energy solution to be <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/uk-2050-net-zero-carbon-goals-investment-renewable-energy-sources-increased-competition-2021-4">reached by 2050</a>.

Footage shows the moment Greenpeace activists scaled a Shell oil platform that was being transported in 'rough conditions' in the Atlantic

<ul class="summary-list"><li>This post originally appeared in the Insider Today newsletter.</li></ul>Hi there! If you've got a Ring camera, you're in the running for a big payday. The company is offering a $1 million prize for anyone who <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/amazons-ring-offers-1-million-prize-for-proof-of-aliens-2023-10">can provide proof of extraterrestrial life</a> via its doorbell camera, of course. In today's big story, we're looking at the impact the Hamas-Israel conflict will have on the broader global economy.What's on deck: <ul><li>Markets: Everything holding back the current bull market <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-outlook-weak-bull-rally-internals-breadth-valuations-2023-10">from really taking off</a>.</li><li>Tech: Lyft's CEO sounds off on Big Tech's responsibility to help us <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tech-industry-fueled-loneliness-crisis-lyft-ceo-apple-amazon-facebook-2023-10">feel less lonely</a>.</li><li>Business: All the best deals for <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/deals/best-prime-day-deals-live-2023-10-9">Amazon's October Prime Day sales</a>.</li></ul>But first, unrest in Israel.If this was forwarded to you, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/newsletter/insider-today">sign up here.</a><h2>The big story</h2>What comes next<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/subscription/newsletter/insider-today"></a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-hamas-chose-attack-israel-now-after-decades-conflict-gaza-2023-10"></a><div type="image" title="A Palestinian man takes a selfie in front of a burning Israeli military vehicle after it was hit by Palestinian gunmen who infiltrated areas of southern Israel, at the Israeli side of Israel-Gaza border." height="3666" width="4889" msid="104321072" hostid="261" sizebytes="247980"></div>After Hamas' unprecedented assault on Israel, the world is watching to see how the war will reverberate around the globe. The initial attack, which some described as "<a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-is-hamas-attack-on-israel-like-911-in-america-2023-10">Israel's 9/11,</a>" and Israel's response have already led to hundreds of deaths among Israelis and Palestinians. For more on why Hamas attacked Israel after decades of conflict, it's worth reading <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-hamas-chose-attack-israel-now-after-decades-conflict-gaza-2023-10">Tom Porter's insightful analysis</a>. Beyond the loss of human life, which is always the most significant toll paid during these events, there are countless knock-on effects. Here's a breakdown of what the Hamas-Israel war could mean for everything from the oil market to social media:<a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-is-hamas-attack-on-israel-like-911-in-america-2023-10"></a><div type="image" title="Palestinians take control of an Israeli tank after crossing the border fence with Israel from Khan Yunis in the southern Gaza Strip on October 7, 2023. Barrages of rockets were fired at Israel from the Gaza Strip at dawn as militants from the blockaded Palestinian enclave infiltrated Israel, with at least on" height="3648" width="4864" msid="104321075" hostid="261" sizebytes="1009526"></div><ul><li>Oil: When a conflict in the Middle East arises, the oil industry is often quick to react. On Monday, prices <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/israel-palestine-hamas-stock-market-news-today-oil-prices-rise-2023-10">jumped as much as 5%</a> over fears of supply disruptions. In the long term, legendary commodities trader Pierre Andurand said the conflict will force the market to <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/israel-hamas-strike-oil-prices-saudi-arabia-iran-pierre-andurand-2023-10">"beg" Saudi Arabia for more supply</a>. It's just the latest in what has been a <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/commodities/oil-prices-outlook-war-inflation-fed-rates-israel-russia-opec-2023-10">volatile time for oil prices</a>, clouding the inflation outlook.</li><li>Markets: Israel's currency <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/israel-hamas-war-shekel-dollar-currency-central-bank-foreign-reserves-2023-10">tumbled to a 7-year low</a>, and its central bank has sold off $30 billion in foreign reserves to prop it up. Russia's ruble also <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/currencies/russia-economy-ruble-israel-hamas-war-dollar-dominance-currency-flight-2023-10">hit an 18-month low against the US dollar</a>. On the other hand, defense sector stocks like <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/defense-stocks-war-israel-hamas-middle-east-conflict-gaza-rockets-2023-10">Northrop Grumman, General Dynamics, and Lockheed Martin</a> all rose. From the price of gold to Wall Street's fear gauge (the VIX), DataTrek Research highlighted five key indicators to watch regarding <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/israel-hamas-war-stock-market-volatility-oil-vix-gold-bonds-2023-10">other potential impacts</a>. Meanwhile, high-profile investors like Pershing Square's Bill Ackman and Social Capital's Chamath Palihapitiya <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/israel-hamas-war-stock-market-forecast-inflation-recession-economy-rates-2023-10">have weighed in</a> on the war and its risks.</li><li>Social media: The attacks have put social media's flaws back under the microscope. Elon Musk recommended his followers get updates on the war from two accounts that have <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-spreading-misinformation-accounts-x-israel-conflict-war-2023-10">previously peddled misinformation</a>. Insider's Hasan Chowdhury gave an overview of the <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/israel-hamas-conflict-shows-how-dangerous-social-media-is-now-2023-10">deluge of misleading information</a> regarding the war on social media.</li><li>Foreign policy: The US has already said it will <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-f35-jet-middle-east-israel-at-war-with-hamas-2023-10">send F-35 and F-15 jets</a> to the Middle East to prevent the war in Israel from escalating. Ret. Gen. Barry McCaffrey suggested <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/us-likely-wage-war-israel-hamas-barry-mccaffrey-iran-syria-2023-10">the US would "go to war"</a> in Israel if Syria or Iran became actively involved. Meanwhile, a Washington-based think tank said Russia will use the conflict to generate propaganda to <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/russia-exploiting-israel-gaza-crisis-undermine-western-support-ukraine-isw-2023-10">undermine the West's support for Ukraine</a>.</li></ul><h2>3 things in markets</h2><a href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/bonds/treasury-bond-crash-janet-yellen-calm-markets-yields-fed-rates-2023-10"></a><div type="image" title="Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen." height="2932" width="3909" msid="104321078" hostid="261" sizebytes="314418"></div><ul><li>US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen: The bond market is just fine. Despite the market's massive sell-off and spiking yields, Yellen said it's business as usual. There is no "evidence of dysfunction" regarding <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/bonds/treasury-bond-crash-janet-yellen-calm-markets-yields-fed-rates-2023-10">how the market is operating</a>, she said Monday.</li><li>US stocks are too pricey for billionaire Ray Dalio. The founder of Bridgewater Associates highlighted mounting debt, political infighting, and geopolitical risks as reasons <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/ray-dalio-stock-market-debt-crisis-politics-economy-recession-china-2023-10">investors should be cautious</a>. "Over the next year, we will have a great political conflict," he predicted. </li><li>This bull market isn't turning heads. The stock market rally since October 2022 has been one of the weakest bull markets on record. Elevated valuations and monetary tightening policies <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/stock-market-outlook-weak-bull-rally-internals-breadth-valuations-2023-10">have kept things from taking off</a>.</li></ul><h2>3 things in tech</h2><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tech-industry-fueled-loneliness-crisis-lyft-ceo-apple-amazon-facebook-2023-10"></a><div type="image" title="In a black glitchy abyss of floating glowing boxes full of lonely people on some form of technological device, two boxes float near each other towards connection." height="1000" width="1333" msid="104321079" hostid="261" sizebytes="36968"></div><ul><li>Big Tech made America lonely. Technology made staying home a lot easier: shopping, watching movies, and even eating outside food. This convenience has diminished our social connections. Although tech contributed to this problem, the industry has an opportunity to help solve the "antisocial epidemic," <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/tech-industry-fueled-loneliness-crisis-lyft-ceo-apple-amazon-facebook-2023-10" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Lyft CEO David Risher writes for Insider</a>. </li><li>Meta is reportedly paying celebrities as much as $5 million for six hours of work. The tech giant hired a variety of celebs for its AI chatbots, including MrBeast, Kendall Jenner, Naomi Osaka, Charli D'Amelio, and Tom Brady. And Meta reportedly shelled out <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/meta-paying-celebrity-faces-of-ai-chatbots-as-much-as-5-million-2023-10">big bucks for the big names</a>.</li><li>The AI 100 2023: The top people in artificial intelligence. The list ranges from people pushing boundaries in the field to those who are trying to ensure that AI develops steadily and responsibly. <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/the-ai-100-2023-the-people-who-make-ai-intelligent-2023-10">Meet them all here</a>.</li></ul><h2>3 things in business</h2><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/deals/best-prime-day-deals-live-2023-10-9"></a><div type="image" title="Apple Airpods, a Dash mini air fryer, and a Kindle on a blue Prime Day Insider deals coverage background." height="600" width="800" msid="104321082" hostid="261" sizebytes="29966"></div><ul><li>All the best October Prime Day deals. The live blog tracks the hottest deals across tech, home, kitchen, <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/deals/best-prime-day-deals-live-2023-10-9">and more</a>.</li><li>CEO Bob Iger is under more pressure to break up Disney. Activist investor Nelson Peltz has reportedly upped his stake in the company. This could mean Disney is on track to <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/disney-bob-iger-break-up-pressure-nelson-peltz-increase-stake-2023-10">sell assets</a> like ESPN and ABC.</li><li>The surge in energy-hungry data centers is delaying green energy pushes. In Phoenix, data centers have attracted attention for the noise they blare, the water they guzzle, and the swaths of land they've consumed. Now, it's <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/data-centers-energy-demand-utilities-green-renewable-2023-10">impeding green efforts</a> to end the use of fossil fuels.</li></ul><h2>In other news</h2><ul><li>Family feud: The Kennedy family immediately condemned RFK Jr.'s<a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/rfk-jr-presidential-campaign-kennedy-family-opposition-independent-democrats-polling-2023-10"> independent presidential campaign</a>.</li><li>Leaked documents revealed TikTok's <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/leaked-brief-shows-tiktok-hosting-black-friday-contests-for-sellers-2023-10">plan for Black Friday</a>, including marketing credits for sellers.</li><li>"I quit my $370K job at Meta after having panic attacks and <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/quit-meta-tech-job-after-panic-attacks-anxiety-low-point-2023-10">hitting the lowest point of my life</a>."</li><li>Some <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/4-day-workweek-companies-workers-implementing-2023-10">unique methods</a> that employees and companies are using to make the four-day workweek happen.</li><li>Passengers with canceled flights could redeem part of the Delta Air Lines <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/delta-air-lines-flights-canceled-covid-pandemic-settlement-lawsuit-refund-2023-10">$27 million settlement</a>.</li><li>A partner at McKinsey wants to debunk "the myth of <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mckinsey-shelley-stewart-myth-of-massive-widespread-black-economic-progress-2023-10">massive and widespread Black economic progress</a>."</li><li>Hybrid work could be a win-win if <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/pros-of-hybrid-work-why-it-could-be-best-scenario-2023-10">employers handle it correctly</a>.</li><li>Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg is reportedly "<a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/mark-zuckerberg-meta-afraid-of-apple-vision-vr-pro-report-2023-10">afraid of Apple</a>" right now.</li></ul><h2>What's happening today</h2><ul><li>It's the first day of the National Hockey League regular season. There are three games today: Seattle Kraken vs. Vegas Golden Knights, Nashville Predators vs. Tampa Bay Lightning, and Chicago Blackhawks vs. Pittsburgh Penguins.</li><li>Amazon Prime Big Deals Days (also known as the October Prime Day) kicks off today. The two-day sale spans 19 countries and you can expect to see deals across different categories. Follow our <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/deals/best-prime-day-deals-live-2023-10-9">live blog</a> for all the best deals.</li><li>Earnings today: PepsiCo <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://markets.businessinsider.com/earnings-calendar">and other companies</a>.</li></ul><h2>For your bookmarks</h2>Delta's LAX Sky Club<a href="https://www.insider.com/see-inside-delta-new-sky-club-lax-outdoor-deck-2023-10"></a><div type="image" title="Six clever and popular phone booth soundproof cubicles were always busy but never full." height="1200" width="1600" msid="104321084" hostid="261" sizebytes="147090"></div>Photos show Delta's LAX Sky Club, which overlooks Hollywood Hills. It's filled with LA-themed art and <a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.insider.com/see-inside-delta-new-sky-club-lax-outdoor-deck-2023-10">boasts amenities</a> like a gelato machine, candy stand, and nacho/taco bar.The Insider Today team: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/dan-defrancesco">Dan DeFrancesco</a>, senior editor and anchor, in New York City. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/diamond-naga-siu">Diamond Naga Siu</a>, senior reporter, in San Diego. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/hallam-bullock">Hallam Bullock</a>, editor, in London. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/author/lisa-ryan">Lisa Ryan</a>, executive editor, in New York.

Insider Today:  Wall Street's war fears

<ul><li>Clues found in Canadian rocks indicate that a <keyword id="132391" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="mass-extinction">mass extinction</keyword> bigger than the dinosaurs dying 65 million years might have taken place on Earth.</li><li>During that time, Earth lost nearly two-thirds of its plant and animal species.</li><li>The extinction made way for larger animals to thrive as smaller microorganisms died off.</li></ul>An asteroid striking Earth and spelling disaster for the dinosaurs is the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/A-surprising-factor-in-the-extinction-of-the-dinosaurs-may-have-been-how-long-their-eggs-took-to-hatch/articleshow/56302718.cms">largest mass extinction</a> event known to man — but that might no longer be the case. Rocks found in Canada indicate that there might have been an even larger mass extinction before the end of the dinosaurs. And, it eliminated two-thirds of plant and animal life on Earth 2 billion years ago. Instead of a complex life, scientists believe that the mass extinction largely included microorganisms that built the Earth’s atmosphere. This had <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/how-dinosaurs-took-over-the-world/articleshow/65249281.cms">made way for larger animals</a> to thrive. “This shows that even when biology on Earth is comprised entirely of microbes, you can still have what could be considered an enormous die-off event that otherwise is not recorded in the fossil record,” said Malcolm Hodgskiss, co-lead author of a new study published in <a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/08/06/1900325116">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.</a> Looking beyond fossils When looking for microorganisms that existed nearly 2 billion years ago, fossils can’t help. Instead, the scientists when looking for clues in mud and rocks. They found barite crystals in the Belcher Islands of Canada’s Hudson Bay that showed a record of oxygen in the atmosphere. And, 2.05 billion years ago there were huge changes in the biosphere where the planet was filled with living organisms — and then it wasn’t. Too little or too much oxygen The phenomenon also supports the theory of ‘<keyword id="8041123" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="oxygen-overshoot">oxygen overshoot</keyword>’. As per its stipulates, photosynthesis from ancient microorganisms and eroding rocks created a lot of oxygen that eventually ran out. The same oxygen omitting organisms exhausted their nutrient supply and died. Today, the oxygen consumed and exhausted within the planet, more or less, balances out. But knowing how an ‘oxygen overshoot’ plays out helps scientists determine what would happen if Earth were to have too much or too little oxygen within its atmosphere. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/asteroid-hitting-earth-and-ending-life-has-to-be-bigger-than-the-one-that-killed-dinosaurs/articleshow/70893317.cms">For an asteroid to wipe out humans, it has to be bigger than the one that killed the dinosaurs</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/penguins-as-big-as-humans-survived-whatever-killed-the-dinosaurs-as-per-fossils-in-new-zealand/articleshow/70731237.cms">Penguins as big as humans survived whatever killed the dinosaurs — as per fossils in New Zealand</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/how-dinosaurs-took-over-the-world/articleshow/65249281.cms">How dinosaurs took over the world</a>

Dinosaurs dying off might not have be been the biggest mass extinction on Earth

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image">Lukas Panzarin</div></div></div><ul><li>A dinosaur newly discovered in Mongolia was likely semi-aquatic, a trait that hadn't been found in dinosaurs before.</li><li>The finding helps establish a new subfamily of dinosaurs.</li><li>The creature had a neck like a goose, wings similar to those of penguins, and sharp claws like those of velociraptors.</li></ul>Birds are the modern incarnation of dinosaurs.But some modern birds live in ways that we haven't observed in the dinosaur kingdom. Ducks, for example, alternate between water and land habitats, able to take advantage of both.Until now, that hadn't been seen in dinosaurs, but the discovery of a duck-like dinosaur from Mongolia may change that.The new dinosaur, named Halszkaraptor escuilliei, was <a href="http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature24679">announced today in the journal Nature</a>. The remarkably complete fossil skeleton that paleontologists analyzed indicates that this was likely a semi-aquatic dinosaur, able to both swim and to move about on land."This is the first dinosaur with a lifestyle similar to aquatic birds: this indicates that these dinosaurs were able to exploit an environment that was not considered in our previous interpretation of dinosaur history," Andrea Cau, a paleontologist at the Giovanni Capellini Geological Museum of the University of Bologna and lead author of the paper, said in an email.This finding helps establish a new subfamily of similar dinosaurs, according to the paper. Several other fossil specimens from the same region fit into this family, indicating they're part of the same small branch on the evolutionary tree.The discovery "illustrates how much of the diversity of Dinosauria remains undiscovered, even in intensely studied regions such as Mongolia," the authors wrote in the paper.For this discovery, researchers used a scanning method that Cau described as "the most advanced scanning technology ever done on a fossil" to collect about 6,000 GB of data on the fossil while it was still partially embedded in rock. The dinosaur dates back between 71 and 75 million years.It's hard to prove this was definitely a semi-aquatic creature, but the specimen has a number of features that match those of semi- and fully aquatic reptiles and birds. It had arms with structures similar to those that aquatic birds like penguins use to swim. And it had a neck like a goose with rows of teeth inside its mouth.But instead of webbed feet, it had claws and toes like those of theropod family, which includes velociraptors and Tyrannosaurus Rex.The dinosaur likely fed on fish, crustaceans, and small reptiles and mammals, according to Cau. The other members of this subfamily would have been a similar size.The finding shows that there's still plenty of new history to be revealed as paleontologists scour the Earth for remains of the past. <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/scientists-discover-99-million-year-old-dinosaur-tail-feathers-2016-12">Scientists uncovered a bloody, feathered dinosaur tail that got stuck in tree sap 99 million years ago</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

A newly discovered duck-like dinosaur had a neck like a goose and claws like velociraptors

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/ninja">Tyler "Ninja" Blevins</a> has announced a new apparel deal with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/adidas">Adidas</a> that will attempt to bridge the cultures of gaming and fashion.</li><li>Ninja is the most recognizable professional gamer in the world, with tens of millions of followers on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/youtube">YouTube</a> and <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/twitch">Twitch</a>.&#xa0;</li><li>The Adidas deal is the latest in a series of new partnerships for Ninja as he works to diversify his growing brand.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.</a></li></ul>While plenty of online influencers sell their own branded swag online, the world's most popular gamer could soon have his own premium clothing line thanks to a partnership with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/adidas">Adidas.</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/ninja">Tyler "Ninja" Blevins</a> announced on Twitter and YouTube Tuesday a new deal with Adidas under the tag line "Time In."&#xa0;It's unclear what the partnership with Adidas and Ninja will include, but it's fair to anticipate that sneakers and clothing matching Ninja's growing brand will be on the way soon. Other Adidas collaborators include athletes like gold medal swimmer McKenzie Coan and musical artists like Kanye West."I remember when people used to ask me whether I could actually make a career out of gaming. I remember when people used to tell me this would never be real," the promotional video's description reads.The Adidas deal is just the latest in a string of partnership for Ninja. At the start of August <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ninja-mixer-exclusive-streaming-leaving-twitch-2019-8">Ninja announced a deal to broadcast exclusively</a> on Microsoft's Mixer video game streaming platform. The deal pulled Ninja away from Twitch, where he was the most-followed streamer with more than 14 million followers. He's already earned <a href="https://mixer.com/Ninja">nearly 2 million followers on Mixer</a> in less than a month.Read more: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ninja-leaving-twitch-brilliant-move-2019-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Ninja ditching Twitch for Microsoft's Mixer was a brilliant decision</a>Last week also saw the release of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ninja-get-good-guide-to-gaming-book-takeaways-tyler-blevins-2019-8">"Get Good," the first of three books Ninja co-authored</a> in a three-book deal with Penguin Random House. A graphic novel called "Ninja: The Most Dangerous Game" is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/ninja-publishing-3-books-about-gaming-2019-6">scheduled for release in December.</a>While Ninja's superstar status is closely tied to the success of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/category/fortnite">"Fortnite,"</a> he has expressed a desire to diversify his brand and become known for more than just playing "Fortnite." However, "Fortnite" is still the most popular game in the world and Ninja spends the vast majority of his streams playing it. Video game publishers have reportedly paid Ninja as much as <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/electronic-arts-brilliant-gamble-paying-ninja-1-million-play-apex-legends-2019-3">$1 million to stream their new releases.</a><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/intelligence/brand-investment-esports?IR=T&amp;itm_source=businessinsider&amp;itm_medium=ctgr_bii&amp;itm_term=ctgr_leadgen&amp;itm_content=videogames&amp;itm_campaign=brand-investment-esports"></a><div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/16-inventions-getting-us-off-fossil-fuels-and-into-renewable-energy-2019-8">16 inventions getting us off fossil fuels and into renewable energy</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

The world's most popular gamer has added an Adidas deal to his growing list of sponsorships

<a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/insiderpicks" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Insider Picks</a> writes about products and services to help you navigate when shopping online. Insider Inc. receives a commission from our affiliate partners when you buy through our links, but our reporting and recommendations are always independent and objective.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"><a href="http://dockers.pxf.io/c/196318/367788/5411?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dockers.com%2FUS%2Fen_US%2F" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a>Dockers</div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>With so many deals on new arrivals and plenty of clearance sales on past-season styles, the beginning of spring is a great time to save on clothes, shoes, tech, and home goods.</li><li>We rounded up more than 20 of the spring sales to shop online below.</li><li>To potentially save more at retailers across the web, you can visit <a href="https://coupons.businessinsider.com/">Business Insider Coupons</a> to find up-to-date promo codes for a range of online stores.</li></ul>Spring is officially here and warmer weather is finally starting to roll into the forecast. And with the shift of seasons comes the transition from cold-weather wardrobe and home essentials to warm-weather favorites. You'll find plenty of clearance sales on past-season items happening now, but new arrivals usually mean paying full price. With some searching, though, you can find retailers with impressive spring sales (like the ones we rounded up below). Whether you're looking to save on new spring clothing, past-season styles to hold on to for later this year, home goods and organizational tools for spring cleaning, or your just can't pass up a generally great deal when it's presented, you'll want to check out these sales. In addition to clothes and home goods, you'll also find great deals on other items like watches, glasses, mattresses, appliances, tech, and more.<h2>Here are the best spring sales to shop now:</h2>Banana Republic:<ul><li>Save 40% off on regular priced items with the promo code "STYLE" at checkout. Shop <a href="http://www.anrdoezrs.net/links/6415797/type/dlg/sid/1554134906740a0a4htzha/https://bananarepublic.gap.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bananarepublic.gap.com</a>.</li></ul>Bear Mattress:<ul><li>Save $100 on orders of $500 with the promo code "SPRING100" and $200 on orders of $1,200 or more with promo code "SPRING200" at checkout. Shop <a href="http://shareasale.com/r.cfm?b=999&amp;u=1088116&amp;m=60398&amp;urllink=www.bearmattress.com%2F%3Futm_source%3D1088116%26utm_medium%3D999%26utm_campaign%3DShareASale%26sscid%3D31k3_504xl&amp;afftrack=1554134906735azxviludi" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bearmattress.com</a>.</li></ul>Best Buy:<ul><li>Until April 17, save up to 35% on top appliances. Find additional deals on TVs, computers, and other tech items. Shop <a href="https://click.linksynergy.com/deeplink?id=EHFxW6yx8Uo&amp;mid=38606&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bestbuy.com%2F%3Fref%3D199%26loc%3DEHFxW6yx8Uo%26acampID%3D1%26siteID%3DEHFxW6yx8Uo-DmqK_ZHfL98Jdd1xeifIqA&amp;u1=1554134906735af5zflktt" target="_blank" rel="noopener">bestbuy.com</a>.</li></ul>The Container Store:<ul><li>Save 25% on kitchen and pantry essentials. Shop <a href="https://click.linksynergy.com/deeplink?id=EHFxW6yx8Uo&amp;mid=37353&amp;murl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.containerstore.com%2Fwelcome.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">containerstore.com</a>.</li></ul>Bonobos:<ul><li>Save 20% on new arrivals and sale items using the promo code "ECLIPSE20" at checkout. Shop bonobos.com.</li></ul>Dockers:<ul><li>Save 30% when you spend $75 or more, save 40% when you spend $125 or more with the promo code "THATEASY" at checkout. 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25 of the best spring sales happening now - with up to 70% off clothes, tech, mattresses, and home goods

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table float_right"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Four years into my career as a country singer, I was tired. When I'd graduated from college, with a new record to sell and a full schedule of shows for the summer, it had seemed like the greatest thing in the world to travel through rural America and tell its story.
But now that I'd crisscrossed the country several times in my station wagon, I knew the sobering truth. I'd been lying.
As I listened to the people who came up to chat after my shows, it dawned on me that life in the heartland was not what I'd thought. Farming had become a grueling industrial occupation, squeezed between the corporations that sold farmers their chemicals and the corporations that bought their grain.
To my disappointment, I discovered that most American farmers weren't actually growing food but rather raw ingredients for big food processors. These multinational corporations dictated everything their growers did, from the seeds they planted to the expensive fertilizers and herbicides they needed to grow them.
It was a losing game for the farmers, who kept sinking further into debt as their input costs rose and grain prices fell. But the arrangement was great for the corporations, which kept right on dealing chemicals to their captive suppliers of cheap corn, soy, and wheat.
Flush with marketing dollars, Big Food was working hard to convince middle America that their folksy branded products were the protectors of the family farm and its wholesome values. I thought about the companies that sponsored my shows and felt a creeping wave of guilt. I'd bought into their phony story hook, line, and sinker-and I was propagating it.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"></div></div>The song I always sang to open my concerts talked about corn popping up in neat rows next to a peaceful river. But in fact, the fertilizer running off America's cornfields had so thoroughly choked the Mississippi watershed with nitrogen that farm towns were subsisting on bottled water, and the Gulf of Mexico was sporting a dead zone the size of Massachusetts.
It wasn't as if the flood of fertilizer were helping farmers. All those fossil fuel-based chemicals were sending rural households into bankruptcy, just like gas prices were crushing me. As I drove away from the pump in Somerville, I realized it was time for me to tell the real story of farming, food, and rural America. Maybe I could even help to change it.
So in the spring of 2008, I quit the music business. And I joined the lentil underground.
Strictly speaking, I didn't exactly know I was joining the lentil underground when I went to work for US senator Jon Tester in June of 2008. What I knew was that Jon was an organic farmer from a small town in my home state of Montana.
He seemed to have some good ideas for fixing the problems with American agriculture, so that farmers could make a good living growing healthy food. And in the process, he was changing the face of national politics. By unseating a three-term Republican incumbent, Jon had handed senate Democrats a razor-thin majority-and a flat-topped populist poster child.
From my first week on the job as Tester's legislative correspondent for agriculture and natural resources, I started getting calls from his equally colorful fellow farmers. They surprised me with deeply considered, homegrown policy proposals, recalling an era of our democracy so distant that I'd long since dismissed it as mythological.
Was I on the phone with Franklin? Jefferson? I might as well have been, given how seriously these farmers took their civic duty to tinker, diagram, and reason their way to a better polity. Although I was dubious that I could do anything to shepherd these farmers' unorthodox proposals to the floor of the Senate, I had to admit that my enthusiastic correspondents had some pretty good ideas.
Of course, most establishment types thought Jon's buddies were crazy. Strange crops. Messy-looking fields. "Weed farmers," one prominent constituent told me. "They're a bunch of d--- weed farmers."
But if these were weed farmers, I gathered, they were remarkably solvent ones. Unlike the other growers who called into the office, these organic farmers weren't complaining about grain prices, because they didn't sell to big corporations, and they were raising a lot more than just grain. They weren't complaining about the cost of chemicals either, because they didn't use them.
They'd found a crop that could grow its own fertilizer: lentils.
I got so curious about these farmers and their miraculous lentils that I started calling them, peppering them with questions about all the crops in their rotations. But as quickly as I'd gotten excited, I found myself frustrated again. I thought I'd happened onto a simple, technical solution to the crisis in farm country.
But instead, my farmer informants kept regaling me with meandering stories that dragged long into my lunch break before I finally cut them off with a polite "Thanks for sharing your thoughts." I was about to give up when one of the farmers leveled with me. "I know you folks out in DC are always looking for a quick fix, and I just want you to know that this isn't it," the farmer said. "But if you'd like to come out and visit, you're always welcome." <div class="KonaFilter image-container"><div class="image on-image"></div></div>I hung up the phone, grouchy. I was at work late again, vainly attempting to stay on top of the flood of e-mails about wolves, guns, and abortion. I knew the office wasn't about to send me on a junket to Montana to check out a field of lentils. I was mad at myself for my foolish idealism, mad at myself for wasting time on a dead end.
But as I lay in bed that night, I started thinking more seriously about the farmer's invitation. As he'd warned, this wouldn't be a quick fix. It would take a long time to really understand what these organic growers were up to. I would need to quit my job and focus on this project full-time, probably for several years. I had a lot to learn about ecology, economics, and the real history of the agrarian West-not just the version I'd absorbed from country radio. And yet, maybe it was worth it.
The next evening, I started researching graduate schools, looking for a place where I could get the training I needed and then conduct in-depth field research. It wasn't easy to find a doctoral program with the breadth I was looking for, since most departments focused their students on a highly specialized area of study.
<div class="KonaFilter image-container float_right"><div class="image on-image"></div></div>
But the PhD at UC Berkeley's Geography Department seemed like a good fit. In June of 2009, after thirteen months in DC, I said good-bye to Jon Tester, promising that our next visit would be at his Montana farm. And in August, I moved to Northern California to register for my first semester of classes.
By the summer of 2011, I'd made it far enough into my formal studies to venture out to Montana to meet some farmers. I picked up my parents' station wagon in Missoula, then headed off for a part of the state I'd never been to before-the dry plains just east of the Rocky Mountains. There, in a sleepy little town named Conrad, I found the man I was looking for: Dave Oien.
Dave wasn't the first farmer I'd spoken to when I started working in the Tester office. In fact, I'm not sure I ever talked directly to him at all. But when I asked people to tell me who had convinced them to go organic, the answer always circled back to this little Conrad farm. On these 280 acres-his parents' homestead-Dave had done something truly radical.
During the height of the 1980s farm crisis, he'd become the first in his county to plant organic lentils. Back then, Dave had been laughed off as a kook. But now he had more than a dozen other people growing for his small business, Timeless Seeds, which had gotten specialty lentils on the shelves at Whole Foods and on the menus of the nation's finest restaurants.
Excerpted with permission from Gotham Books, from <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1592409202/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=390957&amp;creativeASIN=1592409202&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=thebusiinsi-20&amp;linkId=BNPQESSS67IF4NDZ">LENTIL UNDERGROUND</a> by Liz Carlisle. Gotham Books is an imprint of Penguin Random House. Copyright 2015.

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