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<ul><li><keyword id="19912128" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="chandra" source="keywords">Chandra</keyword> hit upon the idea to launch a TV channel after he saw big hotels showing CNN via satellite dishes during the Gulf War.</li><li><keyword id="19976119" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="zee" source="keywords">Zee</keyword> was India’s first private TV channel and had pioneered many superhit TV shows, reality shows and kickstarted the careers of many media barons.</li><li>Chandra entered the infrastructure business and planned a hostile takeover of IVRCL which failed.</li><li>By the mid-2010s, his new ventures had piled up a huge debt which pushed him to sell stake in crown jewel, Zee.</li></ul>Remember Hum Paanch? <keyword id="20328693" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="zee-antakshari" source="keywords">Zee Antakshari</keyword>? Phillips Top 10? These shows, now shared around social media by nostalgia lovers, were the first taste of Hindi TV programmes for many millennials. The generation saw the country move away from one or two channels with very limited entertainment programming; with the entry of private companies into satellite programming, forcing Indians to buy TVs that needed remotes. The man who made this revolution possible was Subhash Chandra, a bright young man from Hisar. Born into an Agrawal Bania family, Chandra entered into business early in his life, and in the 70s before TV wasn’t around in India. After his family business fell into debt, he had to abruptly leave college, go back to Haryana and work on repaying debts. He started off running a pulse polishing mill with moderate success, but his fortunes improved as he supplied grains to Food Corporation of India (FCI). By late 80s and early 90s, he was exporting rice and soybeans to Russia, and had also started a packaging company. It was all running smoothly, until one election season he saw that politicians were renting out vans with projectors and screens for their roadshows. He later learnt that Five-Star Hotels owned satellite dishes and were telecasting CNN during the Gulf War. That’s when the idea of broadcasting content with ads in between came to him, he told Outlook Business in <a href="https://www.outlookbusiness.com/specials-34/secret-diary-of-an-entrepreneur_2018/live-in-the-present-dont-recount-and-regret-the-past-4353">Secret Diary of Subhash Chandra</a>. <div type="image" title="hum paanch twitter" msid="107136147" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Source: Twitter (Now X) &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> The realm of reality TV As he went about it, he was laughed off by DD executives, who coolly told him that they employ hundreds of people and equipment worth thousands of crores. He then intended to lease a transponder in Hong Kong and broadcast from there. STAR’s Li Ka-shing was not so receptive to the idea of broadcasting business in India. After many twists and turns, he rented a transponder; and India’s got its first Hindi channel in the Star bouquet in 1992. Initially there was only three hours of programming, with reruns of old DD serials. But it soon branched<a href="https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/JV7xB6PWkkl5q2Glq8tT8K/The-zee-story-turns-20.html"> out with chat shows </a>like Chakravyuha. Many media barons like Ronnie Screwala who produced the chat show started their careers at Zee. Pritish Nandy also had a show on it called Fiscal Fitness. The hugely popular Aap Ki Adalat, which now airs on India TV, also debuted on Zee. Rajat Sharma, its popular interviewer, also expanded the group’s political vista. The Union Minister Smriti Irani was briefly a stringer for Zee News which was launched later by the group. She, however, also became the star of Star Plus’ super hit TV show Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi in early 2000s. In addition to comedy shows, Zee diversified into drama shows like Neena Gupta starring Parampara in addition to <keyword id="20328692" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="zee-horror-show" source="keywords">Zee Horror Show</keyword>. Its hugely popular Antakshari show was hosted by stars like Renuka Shahane, Pallavi Joshi and Annu Kapoor. <div type="image" title="annu kapoor" msid="107136187" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Source: Twitter (Now X)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> Bags of fan mail In spite of growing success, Chandra had to convince advertisers to shift from print and outdoor ads to TV advertising. He did it by lugging along bags of fan mail sent by viewers of his shows. By the time other players saw how valuable reaching all over India with Hindi shows was, he was miles ahead. He added more channels across movies, music in addition to news, across languages to his bouquet. By the time the world entered the new millennium, he had captured a large chunk of India’s eyeballs, not to mention hearts. The deal with Richard Li, son of Li Ka-shing also included an option to buy 25% stake in the venture within a year. By the time he realised it was good business, the option had long expired. Chandra refused to sell him the stake, took his company public, and the issue was subscribed 60 times over. The goatee-sporting man had become one of India’s first media barons and a billionaire. A failed hostile takeover By 2004, his media conglomerate was running steady, but Chandra, true to himself, was already hunting for the next big bet. The sector he chose was infrastructure. Back then, India was building roads, adding power generation as well as distribution assets, and setting-up ports and airports with a renewed fervour. Many small regional players like GMR and GVK became national companies after they won large-scale airport projects. It seemed like a good business. However, by the time Chandra entered it in 2008, the sector was showing signs of fatigue, due to credit crunch and more. Players were seeing the effects of adding heavy debt onto books. One such company was Hyderabad-based IVRCL which had a good set of projects, sizeable orderbook but was crushing under debt, in 2012. It was borrowing money for working capital purposes, and projects were moving ahead slower. Chandra believed that a hostile takeover of the company would catalyse its infra business which was executing a few highway projects. He went in and acquired a tad over 12% stake in the company when IVRCL too changed track. It stopped bidding for new projects, started monetising its projects and paring down its debt. Eventually Chandra had to sell off his stock at a loss. Takeovers are a high stakes game. Though the financials were never disclosed, the assumption, based on the company’s market cap at that time, he might have spent ₹200 crore on it. On the other hand, its own infrastructure business never scaled up later on, and continued to report deep losses for the next few years. It was a strategy gone wrong, as he later admitted in his open letter. Politics to pledging In 2016, Chandra made his political debut to become a Rajya Sabha MP representing BJP in Haryana. The close contest between him and the Congress candidate R K Anand was also interesting in other ways too. Chandra was declared winner after 14 votes were made invalid as they used the wrong pens. In 2022, Chandra changed his ‘native home <a href="https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/06/08/why-subhash-chandras-rajya-sabha-dreams-are-now-congresss-nightmares">town’ to Rajasthan</a> and filed his nomination as an independent candidate backed by BJP. He however accepted defeat after he fell short of over 40 votes. On the other end, his business was branching out into many businesses, with varying successes, soaking in capital. It entered financial services, acquired Peerless Mutual Fund, investment banking, private equity and much more. It went into education with a chain of K-12 schools, gold refineries in addition to related media businesses like Fun Cinemas and Dish TV. He also had plans for a wellness company. These expansions came at a cost, and a huge debt. The group soon had 87 operating companies which had straddled debt to the tune of ₹17,000 crore, as per estimates. How was so much money raised? The promoters had to pledge their shares in listed entities like Zee Entertainment, Dish TV, Zee Media Corporation, SITI Networks, <keyword id="19960022" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="zee-learn" source="keywords">Zee Learn</keyword> and Shirpur Gold refinery. Reports suggest that <a href="https://www.thequint.com/amp/story/news%2Fbusiness%2Fdoes-zee-news-need-a-commercial-bank-subhash-chandra#read-more">anywhere between 60-90% of their </a>shares in these companies were pledged with lenders in the mid-2010s. The chickens however came to roost in 2018 when the<a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/markets/stocks/news/ilfs-crisis-spilling-beyond-finance-chandras-zee-feeling-the-heat/articleshow/67734787.cms?from=mdr"> NBFC IL&amp;FS bankruptcy spooke</a>d the markets, making it tough for him to rollover debt. The loss of crown jewel Soon, the promoters were forced to sell the stake that they had pledged. Zee’s promoter shareholding fell from 42% to a dismal 4% in its crown jewel, Zee Entertainment. In the meanwhile, its flagship Zee’s earnings also started dwindling, worrying analysts and investors; that led the market regulator to look into it. Between 2021 and 2023, its profits slid by 48%. In 2021, for the second time in two years, Chandra admitted to his mistakes that led to default. He announced <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/media/entertainment/media/subhash-chandra-claims-91-debt-with-43-lenders-settled/articleshow/85007881.cms?from=mdr">that he had settled</a> 91% of his debts with 43 lenders. “I have no regrets for parting with a substantial ownership in the business and specially in the jewels of the crown,” he said in an open letter. Apart from the promoter crisis, the businesses were moving at a slow pace too. Satellite pay TV has become less attractive to viewers now used to streaming. Dish TV, owned by his brother, has been losing steam as well. Edtech is facing its own existential crisis. His digital ventures of Zee5 progressed but at a slow rate due to heavy competition. There are no updates on his plans for its metaverse venture, oddly named Maayaverse. On top of it, Zee’s plans to merge with Sony fell through, after two years of negotiations. Sony is also seeking a $90 million termination fee, which Zee intends to contest. That means more legal troubles, barely a year after it settled a dispute with J C Flowers, an asset reconstruction company. Chandra and his son Puneet Goenka are now part of a <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/sebi-subhash-chandra-punit-goenka-sebis-flowcharts-explain-how-zee-bosses-allegedly-faked-loan-recovery-4119857">probe by market regulator SEBI</a>, to see if money was siphoned off from the listed entities. That would be a tough spot to any businessman, let alone one who is devoid of crown jewels and without a seat in the parliament. SEE ALSO <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/personalities/webstories/subrata-roys-journey-from-lucknows-sahara-shahar-to-londons-grosvenor-house-to-tihar-jail/slidelist/105234003.cms">Subrata Roy’s journey from Lucknow’s Sahara Shahar to London’s Grosvenor House to Tihar Jail</a>

From A to Zee: Subhash Chandra’s spectacular rise and fall

Most of our days start with sitting on our porcelain seats for a bit, followed by commuting to work, spending long hours of sitting before the computer screen at work, and then at home if you have hobbies that keep you glued to your seat. That’s roughly 12 hours of sitting a day or an average of 60 hours of sitting a week — and I’m sure you know where I’m going with this — which isn’t great for your health. Now I know what you’re going to think: isn’t the 30-odd minutes of moderate exercise that you try to squeeze into your day enough? The answer, according to new research, is a resounding no. If anything, these seated hours could accelerate your aging process, affecting you in ways you may not expect. <h2>Sitting is the new smoking?</h2>The <a href="https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0308660">study</a>, involving over 1,000 individuals, including 730 twins, revealed worrying insights into how prolonged sitting can affect <keyword id="82128" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="cardiovascular-health" source="Orion">cardiovascular health</keyword> and increase body mass index (BMI). According to the findings, even meeting the minimum exercise recommendations — around 20 minutes of moderate activity per day — doesn’t offset the risks associated with long hours in a chair. The study’s senior author, Professor Chandra Reynolds, emphasises that “sitting less throughout the day and getting more vigorous exercise, or a combination of both, may be necessary to reduce premature aging in early adulthood.” Collaborating with Ryan Bruellman, a PhD candidate at UC Riverside, Reynolds aimed to uncover the long-term health consequences of increased sitting post-COVID pandemic. <h2>Is standing the solution? </h2>Are you already scrolling through Amazon, trying to find a standing desk? Don’t bother, because that is probably just as bad. Please don’t throw your phone away and hear me out. In a complementary <a href="https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/53/6/dyae136/7822310?login=false">study</a> from Australia and the Netherlands led by Matthew Ahmadi, researchers analysed data from the UK Biobank, tracking over 83,000 adults for nearly seven years. This study found that standing for extended periods was no better than sitting in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. In fact, standing for more than two hours a day increased the risk of circulatory diseases by 11% for every extra half hour, while sitting more than ten hours a day raised circulatory disease risk by 26% per additional hour. <h2><keyword id="23792418" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="Movement-is-key" source="Orion">Movement is key</keyword> </h2>The key takeaway from both studies is clear: movement is essential. Simple measures like using a standing desk or taking brief walks are insufficient on their own. Instead, integrating regular vigorous exercise and reducing overall sitting time are crucial steps for Millennials to safeguard their health and stave off premature aging. Individuals who incorporated 30 minutes of vigorous exercise daily — like running or cycling—showed a notable improvement, with cholesterol and BMI levels comparable to people five to ten years younger. But even this vigorous exercise couldn’t completely negate the damage done by extended sitting, highlighting the importance of breaking up sedentary time with movement throughout the day. Reynolds emphasises the importance of building healthy habits now to ensure long-term benefits. “This is the time to build habits that will benefit health over the long term,” she advises. Meanwhile, policymakers are urged to revisit physical activity guidelines to better address the risks associated with prolonged sitting. Ahmadi’s study reinforces that standing alone isn’t a cure-all for the health risks of prolonged sitting. "We’re not seeing risks when someone’s walking around," Ahmadi explains, "but we are when they're standing still, which causes blood pooling in the lower extremities." <h2>Why millennials need to act now</h2>Many young adults might assume they have time on their side, believing they can address health concerns later in life. But as the study’s lead author, Ryan Bruellman, highlights, this critical period has lasting effects. He observed that after the COVID-19 pandemic, sedentary habits increased among his peers, prompting him to investigate the consequences. Bruellman notes that young people often feel they are immune to aging’s impacts, but “what you do during this critical time of life matters.” <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="114851528" title="A scientist who researches healthy aging shares how she eats and works out" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

Sitting vs. Standing: Settling the debate on workplace health

<ul><li>Subash Chandra has an indelible place in the Indian history as the one who launched the country’ first satellite TV channel ‘Zee TV’ in the year 1992. </li><li>Reaching a top position among the top business tycoons of India was not an easy journey for this motivated entrepreneur. </li><li>Here are a few interesting facts about Subash Chandra that will inspire many. </li></ul>In 1992, Subash Chandra launched the first ever satellite TV in India called Zee TV. On November 25, 2019, the billionaire had to abide by SEBI regulations and relinquish his chairmanship of the company he founded - Zee Entertainment Enterprises after pledging his shares. Nevertheless, he continues to be associated with the company as a non-executive director. Here are a few interesting facts about Subash Chandra. Growing years Chandra was born in Adampur in Haryana and belonged to an Agarwal Bania family. As his family’s debt swelled to Rs 3.5 lakh, they could not support his education. He dropped out of school and took up the family business of trading and working with the Food Corporation of India. In 1992 he started Zee TV, the second private commercial TV channel and in 2003 he started Dish TV, the first ever satellite television provider in the country. His innovation in food grains supplies In 1983, Chandra had an innovative idea to store the food grains held in stock by the Food Corporation of India. Earlier the grains were stored in godowns. Chandra came up with the idea of keeping the grain in open yards and covering them with specially designated plastic sheets. He prepared the ground by convincing the FCI and procured machines from Switzerland to manufacture the special sheets. Since there were no trained engineers to coordinate with the production process, more than 98% of the production went to waste. Eventually he sent engineers to Switzerland and trained them to start the manufacturing process afresh and proved to be successful. Essel World is born Towards the end of 1980s, Chandra visited DisneyLand in the US. Inspired by his learning, he purchased hundreds of acres of land in North Mumbai and created Essel World, which was the first ever amusement park in India in 1989. Though Essel World did not give the expected success, it paved the way for the creation of Zee TV which came to challenge the domination by Doordarshan, the government-owned TV channel. An inspirer Subash Chandra launched a new show in order to motivate the youth and help them face and overcome the difficulties of life. The show was entitled “Dr Subash Chandra Show”. In 2004, Chandra was awarded the Global Indian Entertainment Personality of the Year Award. He won many notable awards like Entrepreneur of the Year Award by Ernst &amp; Young and Business Standard’s Businessman of the year in 1999; Indian News Broadcasting awards in 2010; and more. See Also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/10-interesting-facts-about-ratan-tata-that-you-should-know/articleshow/69914798.cms">Interesting Facts about Ratan Tata</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/interesting-facts-about-oyo-founder-ritesh-agarwal/articleshow/70417612.cms">Interesting facts about Ritesh Agarwal</a>

Subhash Chandra: interesting facts of chairman of the essel group

<ul><li>Subhash Chandra, Chairman of <keyword id="131292" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Essel-Group">Essel Group</keyword> announced today that he has settled over 91% debt to lenders.</li><li>In his first Open Letter issued on 25th January 2019, Dr. Chandra had apologized for the hardships faced by the lenders due to the liquidity crisis triggered by the IL&amp;FS case and committed to repay the monies to the best of his abilities.</li><li>He also shared his next steps in terms of setting up a venture in the video space in the digital ecosystem.</li></ul>Chairman of the Essel Group, <keyword id="1114989" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Dr-Subhash-Chandra">Dr Subhash Chandra</keyword> today issued a second Open Letter, in which he shared the details of the debt resolution process and the steps taken to pay off the lenders. Dr Chandra revealed that over 91% of the debt has been settled to 43 lenders, and the remaining dues are in the process of being paid. In his first Open Letter issued on 25th January 2019, Dr. Chandra had apologized for the hardships faced by the lenders due to the liquidity crisis triggered by the IL&amp;FS case and committed to repay the monies to the best of his abilities. Backed by the immense support and trust bestowed upon him by the lenders, Dr. Chandra has managed to fulfill his promise. The asset divestment process certainly took a setback during the pandemic, which slowed down the overall debt resolution process. Dr. Chandra aspired to release the mentioned second Open Letter after settling 100% of the debt to the lenders, however the unprecedented times led to a delay. Sharing the key points pertaining to the debt resolution, Dr. Chandra said, “I am happy to report that we have come out of the financial stress situation by settling 91.2% of our total debt to 43 lenders in 110 accounts. 88.3% amount has been paid, while the remaining 2.9% is in the process of being paid. We are making all the required efforts to settle the remaining 8.8% of our total debt. I have no regrets for parting with a substantial ownership in the business and specially in the ‘jewels of the crown’. This was done to keep the family’s honor.” Dr. Chandra further elaborated on his earnest desire to settle the remaining outstanding dues before the end of this fiscal year or before. He also emphasized on the fact that he does not regret the decision taken to part with a substantial portion of his ownership in his key businesses, attributing this decision taken to preserve the honour of his family. He reiterated the exit from the Infrastructure, Financial services &amp; Print Media businesses. As a pioneer by heart and an optimist by nature, Dr. Chandra shared his next steps in terms of setting up a venture in the video space in the digital ecosystem. With a vast experience of 53 years, Dr. Chandra is all set to once again shake up the digital video landscape by leveraging state of the art technology. Giving a glimpse into his new entrepreneurial venture, Dr. Chandra shared, “I have earned a fair experience in the video business; hence I am exploring new ways / business opportunities in the “video in digital space” as well as <keyword id="7161942" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="AI/ML">AI/ML</keyword> (Artificial Intelligence &amp; Machine Learning) in the video space, without getting into any conflicts with <keyword id="353090" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Zeel">ZEEL</keyword>, in any manner. I will provide the specifics very soon and you all will witness the initial phase of launch, of a yet another pioneering venture.”

Dr Subhash Chandra reveals his plans of venturing into video in digital space

<ul><li>Subhash Chandra announced the resignation from his position at a company board meeting organised on November 25. He will continue as non-executive director of the company. </li><li>ZEE was launched back in 1992 by Chandra and he has continued playing a key role in its journey. </li><li>The Board committee also appointed three new independent directors Sunil Sharma, Niharika Vora and Subodh Kumar.</li></ul>Subhash Chandra, the Founder and Chairman of Zee Entertainment Limited, has resigned from his position. The resignation was announced during a company board meeting organised on November 25. The board accepted his resignation but insisted him to continue being the company's non-executive director. Chandra founded the company back in 1992. Chandra’s resignation comes after a few major global investors bought 16.5% stake in Essel Group’s ZEEL. The discussion was taken in order to repay loan obligations to certain lenders of the Group. Earlier this year, Essel Group had also sold 11% in Zee Entertainment to Invesco Oppenheimer Developing Markets Fund for ₹4,224 crore. Subhash Chandra’s son, Punit Goenka, will continue being the CEO and MD of ZEEL.

Subhash Chandra quits as Chairman of ZEEL

New Delhi, Nov 25 () Media mogul Subhash Chandra has resigned as chairman of his flagship company Zee Entertainment Enterprises Ltd (ZEEL), with immediate effect.
 While accepting his resignation, the board said this is in line with the Sebi Listing Regulations that prohibit chairperson of the board from being related to the managing director or the chief executive officer of the company, ZEEL said in a regulatory filing on Monday.
 The firm also said its board has been reconstituted and three new independent directors R Gopalan, Surendra Singh and Aparajita Jain have been appointed in lieu of two independent and one nominee directors of Essel Group, promoter of Zee Entertainment.
 The reconstituted board consists of six independent directors and two members from the Essel Group.
 "The reconstitution of the board was to strengthen and induct independent members with varied experiences to build value and provide a strong signal to the existing and new institutional investors who have recently reposed their faith in the intrinsic value of the company, by investing Rs 4,770 crore," ZEEL said in a regulatory filing.
 In September, the group had sold 11 per cent stake in ZEEL to Invesco-Oppenheimer fund for over Rs 4,224 crore and then retired debt worth Rs 4,000 crore.
 Atlanta-based Invesco already held 7.74 per cent stake in ZEEL since 2002.
 Chandra will remain the company's non-executive director, which he founded in 1992, it added.
 "The board accepted his resignation and noted that this is in line with the requirements of Regulation 17(IB) of SEBI Listing Regulations, which inter alia mandates that the chairperson of the board shall not be related to the managing director or the chief executive officer of the company," the firm said.
 His resignation comes at a time when debt-ridden Essel Group is looking to further divest promoters' stake in the company to repay the debts.
 Promoter and promoter group shareholding in the company went down to 22.37 per cent in the quarter ended September 30, from 35.79 per cent in the quarter ended June 30.
 The Subhash Chandra-led cash-starved Essel Group on November 20 said it is planning to sell 16.5 per cent stake in its flagship ZEEL to financial creditors to meet its loan repayment obligations.
 In a related development, ZEEL's board also accepted the resignation of two independent directors Neharika Vohra and Sunil Sharma, with effect from November 24 as part of the process.
 It has also accepted the resignation of its company secretary M Lakshminarayanan and appointed Ashish Agarwal.
 "In view of changes in the promoter shareholding in the company and reconstitution of the board (being intimated separately), M Lakshminarayanan, has resigned as chief compliance officer and company secretary and the key managerial personnel of the company, with effect from the close of business on November 25, 2019," it said.
 Gopalan, 67, is a former bureaucrat and the country's former finance secretary. While Surendra Singh, 63, is a retired police officer and Aparajita Jain, 39, is a contemporary art professional.
 "The board also intends to onboard members who would bring additional skill sets including digital transformation," said ZEEL adding the reconstituted board "conducted their first meeting today, which was chaired by Gopalan".
 ZEEL has reported a revenue of Rs 6,857.86 crore for 2018-19. KRH RKL HRS

Subhash Chandra resigns as chairman of Zee Entertainment Enterprises

<ul><li>Netaji <keyword id="100207" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Subhas-Chandra-Bose">Subhas Chandra Bose</keyword> was born 123 years before on this same day. </li><li>He is India’s most famous as well as controversial freedom fighter who founded Azad Hind Fauz. </li><li>He continues to intrigue curious minds after his mysterious disappearance on a cold winter morning. </li></ul>Netaji Subhas Chandra <keyword id="6371315" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bose">Bose</keyword> is the creator of the slogan, Jai Hind which has become a popular Indian chant today. And, he was born 123 years before on January 23. He is India’s most famous as well as controversial freedom fighter who founded Azad Hind Fauz. He continues to intrigue curious minds after his mysterious disappearance on a cold winter morning. Kabir Khan’s The Unforgettable Army Azaadi Ke Liye on Amazon Prime Video which will be released on January 24, will pay homage to his heroics. The story will revolve around the formation of Bose’s National Army after British failed to defeat Singapore in World War II. Here’s a look back at his life: Bose had always been a fighter — he quit a lucrative job to liberate India 
 
 
 
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 Bose was born in Cuttack, Odisha on January 23, 1897. He was a brilliant student who went to England to study — where he was also preparing for Indian Civil Services. He got selected in the ICS in 1920, but chose not to work for an alien government. He came back to India at the time when the country was fighting for freedom against the British government. He met Deshbandu Chitranjan Das, the editor of newspaper ‘Forward’, and Bose became the editor later. For Bose, the meaning and purpose of life was very simple: to seek freedom from bondage of every kind. From journalist to congress president 
	
 
 
 
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 Credits: IANS After becoming the editor of Forward, apart from writing against the Raj, he organised a boycott in Calcutta during Prince of Wales’ visit. This landed him in prison. A year later, he criticised Mahatma Gandhi for cancelling the non-co-operation movement after the Chauri Chaura incident. During the incident, Indians set fire to a police station killing many Indians and Britishers alike. Bose kept moving from jail to jail between 1924 and 1938. In 1930, Bose became the mayor of Calcutta even as he was jailed. He was released after he got sick and needed to travel abroad for treatment. That is when he took his call for freedom to other shores. The most controversial political leader of his time 
 
 
 
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 In January 1938, he became the president of the Indian National Congress. And at Tripuri session 1939, he defeated Gandhi’s candidate, Patabi Sitharam Iyer, to win a second term. However, he distanced himself from Congress after the party’s ideology didn’t match his own. He formed the Forward Bloc to carry on his struggle. He started looking for allies outside India — and for that he escaped his house arrest in Calcutta and fled to Europe again. He met a Nazi leader who is known to have promised him assistance to weaken the British in India. Bose believed India could attain freedom if they fought against Britain during World War II. Following his idea, he freed several Indian freedom fighters in Europe to form a Mukti Sena. The Azad Hind Fauj and Bose 
 
 
 
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 The Azad Hind Fauz was formed in 1941 in Berlin and comprised of Indian prisoners of war from Europe and North Africa. In December, Japan marked the beginning of World War II in Asia after it attacked Pearl Harbour. The fall of Singapore during that time shook the foundation of British Raj across the world. Meanwhile, the Indian freedom struggle was at its final round after Gandhi called for the Quit India Movement in 1942. In 1943, Bose became the commanding officer for Azad Hind Fauz — the army which attacked Britishers a year later. His army was able to free several Indian areas including Parel and Tihim from the British. In September 1944, his famous dialogue “Tum mujhe khoon do mein tumhe azadi dunga” (Give me your blood, I’ll give you your freedom) triggered a new wave of patriotism. He established a provisional government of Azad Hind in 1944 with a slogan ‘Chalo Delhi’. Mysterious death and controversy behind it 
 
 
 
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 Amidst all this melee, just a few years before India became independent, Bose vanished. Japanese Domei news agency said Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose died on August 18 in a plane crash at the Japanese-controlled Matsuyama military airport in Taihoku (now Taiwan). The incident left many Indians in a state of shock and disbelief. Even after 75 years, the controversy surrounding the death of Bose refuses to die down. A few believe that he did not die during the accident. Other theories say that he spent his last days in Uttar Pradesh while some say he lived abroad. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/thelife/personalities/news/delhi-chief-minister-arvind-kejriwal-achievements-ahead-of-delhi-elections-2020/articleshow/73145839.cms">Delhi Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal⁠— the man with a knack for Carpe Diem</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/savitribai-phule-19th-century-indian-feminist-didnt-just-educate-women-she-helped-rape-victims-and-pregnant-women/articleshow/73071238.cms">This 19th century Indian feminist didn't just educate women— she helped rape victims and pregnant women</a>

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and the mystery of his death lives even after 75 years

<ul><li> <keyword id="1984068" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Subhash-Chandra-Garg">Subhash Chandra Garg</keyword> said the government should offer a one-time settlement scheme to the telecom companies to pay the dues </li><li>In a blog titled 'Rebuilding <keyword id="945199" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="telecom-business">Telecom Business</keyword> in India', Garg said the telecom crisis in India is not just limited to AGR-related issues. </li><li>Garg also wondered whether the government's proposal to put in billions of dollars to revive BSNL-MTNL is advisable </li></ul>Former finance secretary Subhash Chandra Garg on Wednesday said the government should offer a one-time settlement scheme to the telecom companies to pay the principal due amount as per the AGR definition and waive the penal interest and penalties. The massive Rs 1.47 lakh crore of adjusted gross revenue (AGR) dues are pushing telecom firms to the brink. In a blog titled 'Rebuilding Telecom Business in India', Garg said the telecom crisis in India is not just limited to AGR-related issues. "Offer a one-time settlement scheme to the telecom companies (both operating and under resolution) to pay the principal due amount as per the AGR definition as contained in the licensing agreements and waive the penal interest and penalties. "Alternatively, appoint a board for <keyword id="6583012" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="vodafone-idea-ltd">Vodafone Idea Ltd</keyword> by ousting the current board on the lines of action taken in the case of IL&amp;FS and DHFL and secure a moratorium of some time on servicing of loans and government dues," he said. Garg noted that the telecom business -- both voice and data -- is headed towards becoming a duopoly (Jio and <keyword id="15491" type="DOMAIN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Airtel">Airtel</keyword>) with the remaining two players, Vodafone Idea and BSNL-MTNL, hurtling towards eventual shutdown, which might as well be an abrupt collapse. "This has enormous consequences for over 400 million of the customers of Vodafone Idea and BSNL-MTNL in terms of continuous availability of telecom services and also for competitiveness in the industry itself," he said. Garg also wondered whether the government's proposal to put in billions of dollars (over Rs 70,000 crore) to revive BSNL-MTNL is advisable or not as the country is facing massive economic slowdown. The Supreme Court last week rejected a plea by telecom firms including Bharti Airtel and Vodafone Idea Ltd for extension in the payment schedule and asked them to deposit an estimated Rs 1.47 lakh crore in past dues for spectrum and licenses by March 17. Some telecom firms have said they were already struggling with mounting losses and debt and the additional liability has raised concerns of them defaulting on existing loans.

Oust Vodafone's board for a new one like in IL&FS and DHFL says former finance secretary

Months after he took voluntary retirement scheme (VRS) from the IAS, former Union Finance Secretary <keyword id="1984068" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Subhash-Chandra-Garg">Subhash Chandra Garg</keyword> who served under Modi government at the Centre has been appointed as advisor to Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister <keyword id="328022" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="YS-Jagan-Mohan-Reddy">YS Jagan Mohan Reddy</keyword> for resource mobilisation. Garg has been assigned the rank of a Cabinet Minister, as per an order issued by Principal Secretary (Political) Praveen Prakash. He will hold the post for two years. Garg is an IAS officer of the 1983 batch of the Rajasthan cadre. Garg, who was Finance and Economic Affairs Secretary, opted for early retirement from the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) in July last year after the presentation of the Union Budget. Garg had been transferred as Power Secretary after which he demitted service. Garg maintained that the VRS application was sent before the transfer. Garg has been quite vocal in about the economic policies of the government in recent months. He had also presented a note on reforms that the government should undertake to the Centre. There were differences in the government as Garg is believed to be the architect of the budget proposal to raise $10 billion by selling sovereign bonds in external currencies, for the first time, a move that has faced severe criticism from several experts, including former Reserve Bank of India (RBI) governor Raghuram Rajan. Garg was also at loggerheads with other members of the Bimal Jalan panel, set up to decide RBI's economic capital framework, and had submitted a dissent note to the panel. "The VRS application was submitted late on Wednesday. The process requires a notice-serving time of three months. However, he (Garg) had requested to be relieved with immediate effect," a government official aware of the development said, requesting anonymity. The state government also appointed 2009-batch IAS officer <keyword id="3834955" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="kartikeya-misra">Kartikeya Misra</keyword> as Special Secretary for resource mobilisation and institutional finance in the Finance Department. He will be in charge of new revenue-generating projects taken up by various departments, an order issued by Chief Secretary Nilam Sawhney said. Misra has also been given the full additional charge of MD, <keyword id="8853916" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="ap-state-financial-corporation">AP State Financial Corporation</keyword>.

A former IAS officer forced out by Modi administration joins Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister

<ul><li>Kaustubh Chandra- Director – Marketing &amp; Digital Sales Group, <keyword id="9145520" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="ntt-ltd">NTT Ltd</keyword>. in India pens down how marketers world over have seen their roles change immensely after the pandemic. </li><li>He shares a few factors that marketers should keep in mind while talking to their consumes and why they shouldn't be afraid to get creative and experiment with their marketing strategies. </li></ul>Faced with a global pandemic, economic turmoil, and social disruption, marketers world over have seen their roles change immensely, and at an extremely rapid pace. Traditional, tried and tested, by-the-book marketing practices have been challenged like never before, paving the way for new paradigms. Even if organisations started the year with a packed pipeline, few businesses have escaped the repercussions, with a large share of B2B buyers re-evaluating purchase decisions because of the pandemic. Reduced quotas, slashed growth forecasts and marketing budgets are imminent for many companies that have been adversely affected by the virus. Since the management is closely scrutinizing the dollars spent, B2B marketing teams needed to be more intentional, direct, and repetitive about ROI. CMOs must emphasize that they have very clear, demonstrable business outcomes, highlighting the direct connection between their strategies and the organization’s goals. In today’s reality, it boils down to embracing a rudimentary concept of harnessing the combined potential of sales and marketing to develop an integrated and connected revenue-focused team. Today, successful companies are becoming more outcome-driven, adapting their products, solutions and services to fit their customers’ strategies, leveraging digital technologies and data, to deliver personalization at scale. The unforeseen situation has further challenged marketers to get creative and find opportunities, to deliver in a year snowballed by uncertainties. We can no longer chart out a year’s strategy in advance in such dynamic times, and only pivoting while finding new solutions will help you course-correct during your journey. Heather Zynczak, CMO, <a href="https://www.pluralsight.com/">Pluralsight</a>, and one of the most successful CMOs in the industry mentions that for 99% of the companies, the most important thing right now is revenue. To substantiate this opinion, she rightly points out that if there is a wall between sales and marketing, you have already lost the battle. Pioneered by global tech giants, the use of digital technology is more relevant than ever before in the current scenario, where the face-to-face component of sales is no longer viable. Therefore, the onus of shaping the end-to-end customer journey through GTM strategy, content, automation, brand building, social media engagement, PR and communication lies with the marketing team. All of this boils down to delivering tangible business outcomes. For that reason, more and more we are witnessing the evolution of the CMO’s role to that of a Chief Growth Officer (CGO), one who is responsible for anything that identifies newer areas (or accounts/ clients/ segments) and generates revenue, while helping to increase the wallet share in the existing ones. It’s a hybrid role matrixed between marketing, sales, product, tech, and part customer advocate. As the name suggests, the objective is to drive growth with a farsighted vision and implement agile strategies that ultimately feed customer needs, and in turn the business goals. Combining forces We are witnessing the emergence of a new marketing paradigm, with a breed of marketers who are now contributing to long term and short-term strategy in boardroom discussions, positively impacting the company’s top and bottom lines. The best in breed are taking this challenge head-on to transform marketing into the driving force behind revenue-generating go-to-market strategies. As outlined by Deloitte, forward-thinking B2B marketing leaders are now donning multiple hats and championing roles such as of a chief storyteller, innovation catalyst, capability builder, customer champion and a growth driver. Complex buying journeys, longer sales cycles, and the fact that the buyers’ journey typically spans a multitude of channels means that building a scalable revenue machine requires cross-functional effort. Nonetheless, companies need to track leads end-to-end, including lead quality, lead velocity, lead generation and conversion right from the funnel stage. Map out your ideal buyer’s journey, from awareness of need through education, vendor, and solution explorations, committing to a solution, justification, and ultimately the influencing the purchase decision. Marketing with the soul of a start-up and a hunting mind-set When the entire marketing operates with a business first, hunting mindset, strategies change as per the end goal. Brand building is just another cog in the marketing wheel; the agility and speed that marketers can develop to listen to their customers, intelligently tap intent / distress signals, and correspondingly tailor their response will define the future of marketing. By adopting a new way of thinking, and with dedicated energy, resources to mine existing business, the goal is to build and nurture relationships you have within your target account and move them from one stage to the next. Harnessing the potential of existing, emerging, digital first and mid-market accounts can present an ocean of untapped business for marketers. Combining efforts will help marketing efficiently engage, nurture, and grow these accounts and be an equal partner in the organisation’s growth journey. As has been demonstrated in industry after industry, early movers can establish significant advantages, while laggards will be left behind. Do not be afraid to get creative and experiment with your marketing strategy, as Seth Godin rightly said, “The cost of being wrong is less than the cost of doing nothing.”

The new age marketing of multiple hats and revenue generation

Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> on Saturday made public digital copies of 100 secret files relating to <keyword id="10995" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Subhash-Chandra-Bose">Subhash Chandra Bose</keyword> on his 119th birth anniversary, which could throw some light on the controversy over his death. The files were declassified and put on digital display at the National Archives of India (NAI) here by the Prime Minister, who pressed a button in the presence of Bose family members and Union Ministers Mahesh Sharma and <keyword id="6721" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="babul-Supriyo">Babul Supriyo</keyword>. 

	Later, Modi and his ministerial colleagues went around glancing at the declassified files, spending over half an hour at the National Archives. He also spoke to the members of the Bose family.
 

	The NAI also plans to release digital copies of 25 declassified files on Bose in the public domain every month.
 

	In October last year, the Prime Minister had met the family members of Netaji and announced that the government would declassify the files relating to the leader whose disappearance 70 years ago remains a mystery.
 

	While two commissions of inquiry had concluded that Netaji had died in a plane crash in Taipei on 18 August, 1945, a third probe panel, headed by Justice M K Mukherjee, had contested it and suggested that Bose was alive after that. The controversy had also split members of the Bose family too.
 

	The first lot of 33 files were declassified by the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) and handed over to the NAI on 4 December, last year.

	Subsequently, the Ministries of Home Affairs and External Affairs too initiated the process of declassification of files relating to Bose in their respective collection which were then transferred over to the NAI, it added.
 

	In his reaction to the declassification, Chandra Kumar Bose, spokesperson of the Bose family and grand-nephew of Subhash Chandra Bose who was present at the ceremony, said "we welcome this step by Prime Minister wholeheartedly. This is a day of transparency in India."

	Earlier in day, he told PTI, "We feel that certain very important files were destroyed during the Congress regime in order to hide the truth. We have documentary evidence to understand this. So we feel that the Indian government should take steps to ensure the release of files lying in Russia, Germany, UK, USA."
 

	Chandra Bose also said "We couldn't go through all the files as of now. But as of now, what we could go through, there are only circumstantial evidence of the air-crash but no conclusive evidence of the air crash."

	 "Even in one of the letters that we saw here which was written by <keyword id="6365933" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Lal-Bahadur-Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</keyword> to Suresh Bose that there is no conclusive evidence about the air crash, only few circumstantial evidence," he told PTI after the files were declassified. 

	Chandra Bose said "there is a change in the attitude of the government from that of the previous ones.
 

	Firstly, the attitude of suppressing the facts about Netaji has been negated. And this is the biggest thing in unraveling the truth about Netaji."
 

	Netaji's nephew Ardhendu Bose, who was also at the ceremony here, said "the Bose family and the entire country has been waiting for this moment for the last seven decades nearly. We feel that these files would be able to throw some light on it."
 

	He also stressed that the files lying in KGB archives in Russia and those with Germany, UK and USA "will bring out more that what lies in those files. As we apprehend that certain files might have been destroyed."
 

	Just ahead of the declassification ceremony, an aged family member broke down in the presence of the Prime Minister.
 

	An official said the National Archives placed 100 files relating to Bose in public domain "after preliminary conservation treatment and digitization".
 

	The digital copies of these files coming out in public domain meets a "long-standing public demand" which would facilitate scholars to carry out further research on Bose, the official said.
 

	Besides the controversy over whether Subhash Bose died in the 1945 air crash or not, those who believe he was alive after that have different theories about what happened to the leader.
 While one of the theories says Bose fled to the former <keyword id="6365126" type="COUNTRY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Soviet-Union">Soviet Union</keyword> to continue to fight for India's independence but was later killed there, the other says that Netaji returned to India as an ascetic, named 'Gumnami Baba, and continued to live in Uttar Pradesh's Faizabad till 1985.

100 files relating to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose declassified by PM Modi

With prices of the more advanced <keyword id="122479" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="4G">4G</keyword> devices going down and the eye-catching plans by the manufacturers, third generation smartphones will be extinct quickly. The <keyword id="6378791" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="3G">3G</keyword> devices might be withdrawn completely in duration of 6 months. 
 
It has been decided by the big players in the game like <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Samsung+Electronics&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Samsung Electronics</a>, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Oppo&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Oppo</a>, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Vivo&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Vivo</a>, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Lenovo-Motorola&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Lenovo-Motorola</a>, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=HTC&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">HTC</a>, <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/searchresult.cms?query=Micromax+&amp;sortorder=effectivedate">Micromax </a>Informatics and <keyword id="6367990" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Panasonic">Panasonic</keyword> that they will now launch only 4G smartphones. 
 "We are not placing any new orders for 3G smartphones. Manufacturers are not importing any new 3G phones," <keyword id="6442405" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="subhash-chandra">Subhash Chandra</keyword>, managing director of south-based retailer Sangeetha Mobiles told ET. 
 The country’s largest cellphone maker, <keyword id="10591" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Samsung">Samsung</keyword>, now has only three 3G smartphones in its portfolio and the remaining 22 are 4G. The company however, has yet not confirmed when it will exit 3G handsets, but has said that 4G phones are becoming the mainstream. 
 "Hence, they would want to take advantage of the 4G offering with higher speeds and reduced data tariff plans. The ecosystem of content, services and applications has evolved significantly, which is fuelling adoption," <keyword id="68726" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="manu-Sharma">Manu Sharma</keyword>, vice president (mobiles business) at <keyword id="161293" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Samsung-India-Electronics">Samsung India Electronics</keyword> told ET. 
 <keyword id="1731609" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Oppo">Oppo</keyword> India will be only selling 4G cellphones by 2017 as confirmed by the company president <keyword id="2871924" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Sky-Li">Sky Li</keyword>. <keyword id="16129" type="CITY" weightage="20" keywordseo="HTC">HTC</keyword> president (South Asia and India) <keyword id="246348" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Faisal-Siddiqui">Faisal Siddiqui</keyword> said with 4G smartphone prices plunging in India, it will exit 3G smartphones by March. 
 According to Counterpoint's senior analyst <keyword id="1943940" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Tarun-Pathak">Tarun Pathak</keyword>, a maturing component ecosystem will lower the pricing of entry-level 4G handsets to about $40 (about Rs 2,600) by the end of 2016. 
(image:Reuters)

3G smartphone demand declines, big players
move to manufacturing only 4G smartphones

<ul><li>Congress president <keyword id="134174" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Subhash-Chopra">Subhash Chopra</keyword> will not contest the Delhi <keyword id="6372146" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="assembly-elections">assembly elections</keyword> this time but will manage the elections for his party. </li><li>On January 18, Congress announced a list of 54 candidates contesting elections — including 33 of them being new entrants. </li><li>Cracking down on pollution crisis and clean water supply are the key issues brought up during the assembly polls. </li><li>Chopra also told NDTV that if the Congress comes to power, the residents of Delhi will be awarded with 30 paise cashback for each litre of water saved by them.</li></ul>Congress president Subhash Chopra will not contest the Delhi assembly elections this time but will manage the elections for his party. The party elected the state unit chief as the head of the party's election panel. On January 18, Congress announced a list of<a href="https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/delhi-polls-congress-announces-1st-list-of-54-candidates-10-women-4-muslims-figure-in-list/1711946"> 54 candidates contesting elections</a> — including 33 new entrants. With Delhi assembly elections approaching fast, the key political parties — Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Congress and the ruling Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) — have indulged in a blame game. In a recent <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/will-give-100-out-of-100-to-kejriwal-for-ads-congress-state-president/articleshow/73361249.cms">interview with the</a> Economic Times, Congress state president Subhash Chopra said that the AAP has spoiled the national capital in the last five years — adding that AAP and BJP are just two sides of the same coin. Before the AAP came into power in Delhi in 2015, Congress ruled the state for nearly 15 years. Chopra said that he is confident that the Congress will come to power again in Delhi, winning the majority of votes. He also denied any possibility of an alliance with AAP. This came in response to BJP president Vijay Goel’s statement that said that the opposition parties — Congress and AAP — may forge an alliance in the upcoming assembly elections as both are in accord for protests over CAA, corruption and NRC (National Register of Citizens). In fact, from rising pollution levels and water supply to surging onion prices and unemployment, he argued with an array of allegations against the AAP. “Onion prices had shot up when Sheila Dikshit was CM too, but she cracked down on hoarders. Kejriwal has not done that. What are they doing?”Chopra <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/assembly-elections/delhi/will-give-100-out-of-100-to-kejriwal-for-ads-congress-state-president/articleshow/73361249.cms">told</a> ET. This is the first time that the national capital is going to polls after the Lok Sabha elections. In the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, BJP bagged all the seats in Delhi. Cracking down on pollution crisis and clean water supply are the key issues that will be brought up during the assembly polls. Chopra also told NDTV that if the Congress comes to power, the residents of Delhi will be awarded with 30 paise cashback for each litre of water saved by them — promising free water supply upto 20,000 litres of water a month. Chopra said that the move will help the city save nearly 30% of drinking water. “The AAP government's free water scheme benefited the water tanker mafia," he said. See also: <a href="http://businessinsider.in/politics/elections/news/delhi-election-2020-bjps-vijay-goel-who-deliberately-broke-traffic-rules-in-delhi-hopes-to-re-create-lok-sabha-success/articleshow/73265139.cms">Delhi Election 2020: BJP’s Vijay Goel, who ‘deliberately’ broke traffic rules in Delhi, hopes to re-create Lok Sabha success</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/delhi-election-2020-atishi-an-oxford-graduate-and-rhodes-scholar-is-drawing-up-aaps-agenda-in-the-national-capital/articleshow/73186471.cms">Delhi Election 2020: Atishi, an Oxford graduate and Rhodes scholar is drawing up AAP’s agenda in the national capital</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/politics/elections/news/delhi-election-2020-gopal-rai-a-minister-with-multiple-portfolios-who-like-to-flash-aaps-report-card-as-he-seeks-votes/articleshow/73242360.cms">Delhi election 2020: Gopal Rai, a minister with multiple portfolios who likes to flash AAP’s ‘report card’ as he seeks votes</a>

Delhi Election 2020: Congress president Subhash Chopra will lead the elections without contesting

<ul><li>India’s <keyword id="431538" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Astrosat">AstroSat</keyword> and <keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword>’s <keyword id="2228961" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandra-X-Ray-Observatory">Chandra X-Ray Observatory</keyword> have confirmed the discovery of a <keyword id="6409890" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-hole">black hole</keyword> spinning close to the maximum possible speed. </li><li>A black hole spinning that fast can make <keyword id="41531" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="space">space</keyword> itself rotate according to Einstein’s theory of relativity.</li><li>In comparison, the Milky Way's own supermassive black hole moves much slower hardly taking in any energy around it.</li><li>This black hole is only one of five to have an accurately measured high spin rate. </li><li>Researchers hypothesise that this could be the key to understanding how galaxies are formed.</li></ul><keyword id="4740034" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="black-holes">Black holes</keyword>, while fascinating, are hardly a new discovery - but a black hole spinning at one of the highest speeds ever, according to the <a href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/mumbai-news/isro-nasa-project-finds-black-hole-that-spins-near-max-possible-rate/story-fKCARQcL31VY74fVjgTrJJ.html">Hindustan Times</a>, is a completely different story — especially when there have only ever been four others like it. In comparison, the Milky Way's own supermassive black hole — <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-just-lit-up/articleshow/70671308.cms">Sagittarius A*</a> — is relatively inactive. It moves at a much slower speed. While observing it using infrared, the black hole flickers every now and then as it takes in dust as gas. NASA initially estimated that Sagittarius A* was only taking in 1% of the energy that comes it away only to realise that its consumption is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">even lower </a> at 1% of that 1%. In 2016, India's first dedicated astronomy satellite, the AstroSat, first <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/pslv-c30-astrosat-mission/astrosat-observes-high-energy-x-ray-variability-of-black-hole-system">spotted the black hole</a> in the binary star system called 4U 1630-47, which is bursting out X-rays that astronomers found unusual. NASA's Chandra X-Ray Observatory later confirmed the outburst. Those X-rays were caused by gas and dust falling into the black hole, which is about 10 times the mass of the sun, and they revealed to researchers that the object is spinning very, very rapidly. In fact, according to <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/08-003.html">NASA</a> this particular black hole is spinning very close to the limit set by Albert <keyword id="433617" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Einsteins-theory-of-relativity">Einstein's theory of relativity</keyword>, according to Rodrigo Nemmen, the lead author on the research paper. That means it is spinning close to the speed of light. Spinning to break barriers Currently, scientists only have two ways of measuring <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Physicists-have-discovered-that-rotating-black-holes-might-serve-as-portals-for-hyperspace-travel/articleshow/68434150.cms">black holes</a> - either by their mass or by their spin rate. A spin rate can be anywhere between 0 and 1: this black hole was spinning at the rate of 0.9. Einstein's theory further implies that if a black hole spinning that fast, then it is capable of making space itself rotate. In fact, if the conditions around black holes are hypothesised to be correct, then the high spin rate coupled with the gaseous elements entering the black hole and high temperatures, could be the key to understanding how galaxies are formed. Including the black hole discovered by the AstroSat, there are only five black holes have accurately measured high spin rates. Even if you're not taking spin rates into account, this black hole of one of only 20 others that have been spotted in the Milky Way Galaxy. The Indian Space Research Organisation's (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/here-is-a-list-of-isros-biggest-launches-over-the-last-2-years-that-showcase-indias-space-prowess/slidelist/52401346.cms">ISRO</a>) AstroSat along with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Chandra X-Ray Observatory have confirmed the speed of the spinning black hole. The study was conducted by researchers from multiple institutions led by the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) and has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-just-lit-up/articleshow/70671308.cms">There was a big spark — 75 times brighter than usual — from the black hole at the heart of the Milky Way</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/a-black-hole-bigger-than-the-sun-is-pulling-on-the-fabric-of-space-and-time/articleshow/69127080.cms">A black hole bigger than the sun is pulling on the fabric of space and time</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/our-very-own-black-hole-in-the-milky-way-doesnt-quite-eat-up-everything/articleshow/69684893.cms">Our very own black hole in the Milky Way doesn’t quite eat up ‘everything’</a>

You Searched For "new facts of Subhash Chandra" and got 14 results

From A to Zee: Subhash Chandra’s spectacular rise and fall

Katya Naidu

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