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<ul><li>India’s homegrown navigation system, NAVIC, is now in the same league as the US, Russia and China after being approved by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).</li><li>Powered by a constellation of seven satellites, NAVIC is capable of scanning areas up to 1,500 kilometres beyond India’s own borders. </li><li>IMO’s approval comes two years after India initially applied. </li></ul>India’s own indigenous navigation system has hit a new milestone. The Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) is now in league with the US, China, and Russia as a recognised component of the World-Wide Radio Navigation System (WWRNS). After two years of waiting in line, approval was finally announced by the International Maritime Organisation (<a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/update/08-dec-2020/international-maritime-organisation-imo-recognition-irnss-navic">IMO</a>) during its 102nd session hosted virtually between November 4 to November 11. IMO is a specialised agency under the United Nations (UN). The Indian government has also <a href="https://cdac.in/index.aspx?id=tenders_viewpdf&amp;dynamicId=NjM5MjAwODc=">invited proposals</a> for the manufacturer of a million receiver chips that have GPS and NavIC. The aim is to only improve the overall signal availability of navigation systems, but also increase the use of its own desi-GSP. Not only is this a significant achievement for India but also for the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW), Directorate General of Shipping (DGS), and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). What is NavIC? The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), more popularly known as NavIC, is designed to provide accurate and timely positional information to assist with the navigation of ships. The initiative was launched after the US refused to give India crucial GPS information during the Kargil war in 1999. It is powered by a constellation of seven satellites, all of which are positioned around 36,000 kilometres from Earth. In comparison, Russia has 26 satellites powering its Global Navigation System (GLONASS). India’s BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has plans to expand to a total of 35 satellites to cover the world. Europe’s Galileo system, which began operations in 2016, has a constellation of 30 satellites powering its navigation. Who can use NavIC? The navigation system provides two kinds of services, the Standard Positioning Services (SPS) and Restricted Service (RS). SPS can be used for all navigation needs. RS, however, is an encrypted service only available to authorised users, like security agencies. What can NavIC be used for? NavIC can provide positional accuracy of better than 20 metres to help with things like marine navigation, which was its primary objective, as well as disaster management, vehicle tracking, navigation for hikers and travellers and voice navigation for drivers. Last year, it got approved by the global standards body 3GPP, which is responsible for coordinating global standards for cellphones. This opens up the system for commercial use by mobile manufacturers like Samsung, Apple and others. Qualcomm, one of the largest chipmakers in the world, has already manufactured NavIC-capable chipsets that are being used by RealMe and Xiaomi in their handsets. If applied across India, NavIC holds the potential to replace the US-owned Global Positioning System (GPS) in the Indian Ocean and can cover areas up to 1,500 kilometres beyond India’s geographical boundaries. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/careers/news/icertis-helps-google-microsoft-and-apple-manage-their-contracts-is-hiring-for-techies-and-people-in-sales/articleshow/79640659.cms">EXCLUSIVE: This Indian unicorn helping Google, Microsoft and Apple manage their contracts is hiring⁠— it needs techies as well as people in sales</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/what-is-pm-wani-public-wifi-platform-launched-by-union-cabinet/articleshow/79642267.cms">Government’s plan for public Wi-Fi lets anyone from the kirana store owner to tea shop stalls sign up to provide the internet</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/the-33-billion-itc-one-of-indias-most-trolled-stock-in-recent-weeks-seems-to-have-turned-a-corner/articleshow/79641456.cms">The $33 billion ITC, one of India’s most-trolled stock in recent weeks, seems to have turned a corner</a>

India’s desi-GPS is now in the same league as the US, Russia and China — can scan 1,500 kilometres beyond its own borders

India's satellite based navigation and augmentation services sector appears headed for a higher growth trajectory with the proposed ignition of a policy push towards effective development, operation and maintenance of such systems. The <keyword id="245720" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Department-of-Space">Department of Space</keyword> (DoS) plans to devise a "comprehensive and substantive" national policy for satellite based navigation -- the <keyword id="11766871" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-satellite-navigation-policy-2021">Indian Satellite Navigation Policy - 2021</keyword> (SATNAV Policy - 2021). Its draft has now been hosted on the website of the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) for public consultation after which it would be placed before the <keyword id="6355512" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="union-cabinet">Union Cabinet</keyword> for final approval. It seeks to "Achieve self-reliance in satellite based navigation and augmentation services with emphasis on assuring availability &amp; quality, enhancing usage, working towards progressive evolution of the services and promoting research &amp; development". In the last few decades, there has been a phenomenal growth in the number of applications that rely on Position, Velocity and Time (PVT) services provided by space based navigation systems, it was noted. With the advent of information and mobile phone technology, crores of users across India rely heavily on PVT based applications in virtually every walk of life. <keyword id="6842771" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="global-navigation-satellite-systems">Global Navigation Satellite Systems</keyword> (GNSS) are space based navigation systems that provide navigation signals across the globe. Currently, there are four GNSS -- GPS from the USA; GLONASS from Russia; Galileo from European Union &amp; BeiDou from China -- offering PVT solution globally. In addition, there are two regional navigation satellite systems -- NavIC from India and QZSS from Japan offering navigation signals for the defined coverage area. The Navigation signals are offered free-to-air for a variety of applications ranging from air, space, maritime and land applications covering tracking, telematics, location based services (using cell phone and mobile devices), automotive, survey, mapping &amp; GIS and timing. GNSS also offer secured navigation signals exclusively for strategic applications of their respective countries as the free-to-air signals are susceptible to adversaries. There is a need for such secured services exclusively for the Indian strategic community also, according to the draft. The <keyword id="6377129" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="government-of-india">Government of India</keyword> has, therefore, established a resilient and independent system - Navigation with <keyword id="8829779" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="indian-constellation">Indian Constellation</keyword> (NavIC) which is totally under its control. Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) augment navigation satellite constellations by providing integrity and correction information via geostationary satellites. WAAS of USA, EGNOS of European Union, SDCM of Russia, SNAS/BDSSBAS of China offer these services in their defined coverage area. Government of India has also established a similar SBAS system -- GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation-(GAGAN) for the Indian airspace. "Space based navigation /augmentation system is essentially a public good which has to be accessible to all users", the DoS said. "Such a national infrastructure can only be provided by the Government". Further, to strengthen Government's 'Aatmanirbhar Bharat' initiative, it is essential to ensure continuity of NavIC and GAGAN services, upgrade the system considering the exponential technological advancements and also continue having the capability to operate in conjunction with other GNSS/SBAS, the draft said. So, it is pertinent to devise a comprehensive and substantive national policy for satellite based navigation. The objective of the policy is to ensure guaranteed and continuous availability of free-to-air navigation signals for civilian uses and secured navigation signals for strategic uses in the defined coverage area. Another goal is to ensure guaranteed and continuous availability of SBAS for aviation safety in the defined coverage area. There is also a need to work towards progressive evolution of navigation signals and expansion of coverage for enhanced use. Focus would also be on technology development for enhancing the navigation satellite systems, and working towards compatibility and interoperability of Indian satellite navigation and augmentation signals with other GNSS/SBAS signals. Another aim is to promote Indian industry and academia to carry out research and development activities in the field of satellite navigation based applications with emphasis on societal benefits. There is also a need to work towards facilitating global usage of Indian satellite navigation and augmentation systems, the DoS said in the draft. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india/news/covid-19-cases-in-kerala-are-spiking-due-to-good-detection-better-reporting-and-early-easing-of-restrictions/articleshow/84942657.cms">COVID-19 cases in Kerala are spiking due to good detection, better reporting and early easing of restrictions</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/environment/news/from-the-us-to-western-europe-to-new-zealand-natural-disasters-which-wreaked-havoc-in-the-last-6-months/slidelist/84940351.cms">From the US to Western Europe to New Zealand — natural disasters which wreaked havoc in the last 6 months</a>

Policy ignition: India's satellite navigation sector set for higher growth trajectory

Come next year, you won’t have to rely on heavily accented lady for directions on <keyword id="97416" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Google-maps">Google Maps</keyword>. Instead India will be having its own GPS system. 'NavIC' will be operational early 2018. "The Indian Regional Navigation <keyword id="6358065" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Satellite">Satellite</keyword> System (IRNSS) with an operational name of NavIC is currently being tested for its accuracy and is most likely to be available in the market for public use early next year," Tapan <keyword id="121202" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Misra">Misra</keyword>, the director of Ahmedabad-based Space Application Centre (SAC) told TOI. NavIC or 'Navigation with Indian Constellation' the name given by PM <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> after the launch of IRNSS-1G, is designed to provide accurate position information to users within the country. “Though American GPS with 24 satellites in a constellation has wider reach and covers the entire world, NavIC with seven satellites covers only India and its surroundings but is more accurate than the American system. NavIC will provide standard positioning service to all users with a position accuracy of 5 metre. The GPS, on the other hand, has a position accuracy of 20-30 metre," the SAC director TOI. The less the distance more is the accuracy of the navigation device in finding the real location.

India to have its own GPS system from 2018

<ul><li>Google Maps intricate detail and accurate images might be a ‘security threat’ to India.</li><li>India’s <keyword id="6355014" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="delhi-high-court">Delhi High Court</keyword> has asked the central government to look into the issue and assess whether Google’s mapping services in the country should be restricted.</li><li>Google Earth services reportedly shows all of India’s defence bases and other critical information.</li></ul>Google Maps can peer into any country in the world and while it has made navigation extremely convenient, India’s Delhi High Court thinks it might also be a ‘security threat’. It’s one of the most popular apps in the world with over a billion users and the same features benefit ordinary users can also be used by criminals or terrorists to plan their activities, according the <a href="https://barandbench.com/delhi-hc-google-restrained-indian-map/">public interest litigation</a> filed by Kisalya Shukla, an advocate. The PIL states that India’s defence bases and other critical information is available through Google Earth services — the mapping mechanism behind Google Maps — in ‘violation of India’s sovereignty’. The two judge bench of Chief Justice DN Patel and Justice C Hari Shankar have asked the central government to look into the issue and decide whether or not Google should be allowed to continue posting maps on India online. Google accuracy could be its undoing Google Earth services, that powers Google’s mapping applications, is an open source image data source — that means anyone can use it and it’s free. The company collects data through road sensors, transport departments and even user contributions through Map Maker in addition to the satellite images it has already collected. The resulting maps that are seen online can be used to find the fastest route to work or to plan the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, according to <a href="https://www.pcworld.com/article/154684/article.html">police officials.</a> Late president, APJ Abdul Kalam, also stated that "sensitive areas clearly marked on Google Earth" during a <a href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Google-earth-under-govt-scrutiny/articleshow/1264698.cms">press conference</a> in 2005. He added that the current laws in the country, and abroad, aren’t sufficient for restricting how these detailed maps are used which make them a security hazard. ‘As an alternative, the PIL filed by Shukla also requested that the Indian government launch India’s indigeous navigation system, <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/irnss-programme">NavIC</a>, developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) available to the general public. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/uber-relies-on-google-maps-for-its-business-and-spent-58-million-on-it-over-three-years/articleshow/68841738.cms">Uber relies on Google Maps for its business and spent $58 million on it over three years</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/google-maps-new-feature-spots-speed-cameras-in-india/articleshow/67638326.cms">Google Maps will now alert you to speed traps as you drive — but its chances of success are limited</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/incognito-mode-is-coming-to-google-maps-and-google-search/articleshow/69224890.cms">Incognito mode is coming to Google Maps and Google search</a>

Is Google Maps a ‘security threat’ to India's sovereignty, Delhi High Court asks government

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image">APAereo CEO Chet Kanojia.</div></div></div>
On Thursday, the Supreme Court is expected to make a ruling that will determine the fate of Aereo, a startup that lets you watch live network TV over the internet through your smartphone, tablet, or PC.
The case could have lasting implications for the way we watch TV in the future, especially when it comes to content delivered over the internet. 
Here's a look at what's at stake.
<h2>What Is Aereo And How Does It Work?</h2>
Aereo is a service that lets you watch live network TV over the internet for $8 per month. The company assigns each subscriber an antenna that can access network TV over the air. The signal is then transmitted over the internet to your PC, tablet, smartphone, and some internet set-top boxes boxes like Roku. Aereo also doubles as a virtual DVR, meaning you can record shows on the company's servers and stream them later to your device.
Aereo is only available in a handful of U.S. cities, but the company will likely ramp up expansion if it wins the Supreme Court case.
Aereo has received $100 million in funding so far. Its CEO is Chet Kanojia. Before Aereo, Kanojia was founder and CEO of Navic Networks, which was a TV advertising company Microsoft bought in 2008. InterActiveCorp (IAC), the big collection of digital companies, owns a 10% stake in Aereo.
<h2>What Does Barry Diller Have To Do With All Of This? (And, Who Is Barry Diller?)</h2>
Barry Diller has had a long, successful career in the media industry. He worked at ABC, Paramount, Fox, and USA Networks before he founded IAC. IAC has made Diller a billionaire, and he's become the face of Aereo in its fight because he's a well-known media figure. 
<h2>Wait, How Does Aereo Get All That Content For Free?</h2>
It might seem strange in the cable/satellite TV era, but a lot of programming is, and has always been, available for free over the air if you have an antenna. Think back to the days when everyone had <a href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&amp;authuser=0&amp;site=imghp&amp;tbm=isch&amp;source=hp&amp;biw=1366&amp;bih=607&amp;q=rabbit+ear+antenna&amp;oq=rabbit+ear+antenna" target="_blank">"rabbit ear" antennas</a>. You can still do that today and get networks like NBC, CBS, ABC, and Fox for free.
Aereo's workaround was to invent a tiny HD antenna that can access over-the-air networks, just like those rabbit ear antennas once did. The antenna itself is pretty impressive. It's about the size of your thumbnail, so Aereo can pack a bunch of them into a tiny space. The signal from the antenna assigned to you is transmitted over the internet to your device.
<h2>Who's Suing Aereo And Why?</h2>
The case heading to the Supreme Court is American Broadcasting Companies v. Aereo, but it'll have implications for all networks, not just ABC.
ABC and the networks argue that Aereo is violating copyright by retransmitting their signals over the internet. Typically, networks get retransmission fees from cable and satellite companies that carry network TV, even though users can get those channels for free over the air. The networks likely want a retransmission fee from Aereo, too. If they can't get that retransmission fee, then they'll probably try to find a way to shut Aereo down.
<h2>What's Aereo's Defense?</h2>
Aereo's argument is that its technology is no different from putting a regular TV antenna on your roof and running a wire down to your TV. But in this case, the "wire" is the internet. Since Aereo only works if you access it within your town, the company says it's not violating any copyright laws. 
Aereo also says it has a right to provide its virtual DVR service. A previous case in 2008 involving Cablevision determined such remote DVR services are legal.
According to Aereo, its service is similar to a company that rents antennas and DVRs to customers and installs those devices in the home. No one can argue such a company operates illegally. In Aereo's view, it's doing the same thing, but simply storing the antenna and DVR equipment remotely and sending the content over the internet.
<h2>Does Aereo Have A Chance? And What Does This Mean For The Future Of TV?</h2>
The big question in this case is whether Aereo has the right to let users store copyrighted content on remote servers and then beam it back to themselves on a connected device. Aereo seems to have come up with a clever workaround for existing regulations, but the networks have a strong argument, considering cable and satellite companies have to pay retransmission fees for content.
There are implications for other cloud-content companies, too. 
The big question the Supreme Court will have to decide is whether watching a recorded show from Aereo constitutes a public or private performance. Private performances are legal under existing copyright law. Since Aereo says it assigns each customer his or her own antenna plus a unique file for each recording, its customers are taking part in private performances.
According to Aereo, companies and services like Dropbox, Google Drive, and Box could be in trouble if Aereo loses the case. In Aereo's mind, the Supreme Court court would be making it illegal to store content in the cloud through those services and then beam it back to yourself.
If Aereo wins, the case could open the doors for a viable alternative to cable and satellite TV. Imagine just paying a few dollars per month to get all your favorite sitcoms and sports that are already broadcast for free on network TV delivered to you over the internet. If you augment that with other services like Netflix and Amazon Instant Video, there's very little incentive for many people to pay full price for a cable subscription.
On the other hand, you could argue <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/should-you-use-aereo-2014-4">Aereo isn't very useful</a> since you can just spend $20 or less on an HD antenna and attach it to your TV to get network programming for free. You may not get the virtual DVR service, but you'd still be saving a lot of cash.
<h2>What Will The Networks Do If They Lose?</h2>
Some networks have made a bold threat to stop broadcasting shows over the air for free if Aereo wins. That means you'd have to start paying for those channels either directly to the broadcasters or through your cable provider. If you're already a cable subscriber, nothing will change.
However, Aereo argues that's not very likely to happen since the networks would lose a massive amount of valuable spectrum it gets from the government. When broadcast TV began decades ago, the networks cut a deal with the government that let them use that spectrum as long as they provided their content for free. (Supported by ads, of course.) And if the networks do make good on their threat to remove their free broadcasts, it would be tough for those who can't afford cable to get news and information. The government likely wouldn't go for that.
The most likely scenario would be for the networks to create their own Aereo-like services. For example, you'd be able to open a CBS app on your phone or tablet and start streaming live TV.
<h2>What Happens To Aereo If It Loses The Case?</h2>
Aereo has said multiple times in recent months that it doesn't have a Plan B if it loses the Supreme Court case. On the other hand, Aereo CEO Chet Kanojia <a href="http://fortune.com/2014/06/16/is-aereo-working-on-a-plan-b/">told Fortune</a> this week that it may be open to paying retransmission fees just like cable and satellite companies do.

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India’s desi-GPS is now in the same league as the US, Russia and China — can scan 1,500 kilometres beyond its own borders

Prabhjote Gill

Policy ignition: India's satellite navigation sector set for higher growth trajectory

PTI

India to have its own GPS system from 2018

BI India Bureau

Is Google Maps a ‘security threat’ to India's sovereignty, Delhi High Court asks government

Prabhjote Gill

The Supreme Court Is Going To Make A Decision This Week That Could Change The Future Of The TV Industry

Steve Kovach

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