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Bengaluru, Ahead of India's Aditya-L1 <keyword id="73822" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-mission" source="Orion">solar mission</keyword>, a top scientist said the monitoring of the Sun on a 24-hour basis is a must to study <keyword id="18618306" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="solar-quakes" source="Orion">solar quakes</keyword> which can alter the geomagnetic fields of earth. The Aditya-L1 mission to study the Sun is slated to be launched at 11.50 am from the Sriharikota spaceport on Saturday. Explaining the need to study the Sun, Professor and In-Charge Scientist at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), Dr R Ramesh told PTI that just as there are earthquakes on Earth, there are something called solar quakes - called as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) - on the surface of the Sun. In this process, millions and millions of tons of solar materials are thrown into the interplanetary space, he said, adding these CMEs can travel at a speed of approximately 3,000 km per second. "Some of the CMEs can also be directed towards the Earth. The fastest CME can reach near Earth space in approximately 15 hours," Dr Ramesh pointed out. On why this mission was different from other similar ventures, he said, "Though ESA (European Space Agency) and NASA (<keyword id="107353" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-aeronautics-and-space-administration" source="Orion">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword>) have launched similar missions in the past, the <keyword id="3586950" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="aditya-l1" source="Orion">Aditya L1</keyword> mission will be unique in two main aspects because we will be able to observe the solar corona from the place where it almost starts. Also we'll be able to observe the magnetic field changes in the solar atmosphere, which are the cause for coronal mass ejections or solar quakes." Sometimes, these CMEs damage satellites by "engulfing" them, he said. Due to the discharged particle flow from the CMEs, all the electronics onboard satellites can malfunction. These CMEs come all the way to Earth, Dr Ramesh said. In 1989, for instance, when there was a massive eruption of the solar atmosphere, Quebec in Canada went without power for about 72 hours; And in 2017, the Zurich airport in Switzerland was affected because of CME for almost 14 to 15 hours. Dr Ramesh said once the CMEs reach the Earth, which is like a big magnet with north and south poles, they can travel along the magnetic field lines and then they can alter the Earth's geomagnetic field. Once the geomagnetic field is affected, it can impact the high voltage transformers. "So, it is very important to put a centre of observation to continuously monitor the Sun, which is possible from the Lagrangian (L1) point," he pointed out. India is launching the Aditya-L1 to place its satellite at Langrangian-1 point. According to him, the authorities at Bengaluru-based IIA, an institution with a long tradition of almost close to 125 years of observing the Sun, felt that they should monitor the Sun on a 24 hours basis so that any changes that are taking place (on the Sun) are very well observed. Though observations of the Sun can be carried out with a ground-based telescope, they have two major limitations, Dr Ramesh said. One is that there are only eight or nine hours available in a day to monitor the sun since such observations can be carried out only during day time and not at night. The second challenge while monitoring the Sun from Earth is that the light coming from the Sun will be scattered by the dust particles in the atmosphere. As a result the image can get blurred, he explained. To avoid these shortcomings in solar observation, the IIA felt the need to have a telescope in space for 24-hour uninterrupted observations of the Sun. There are five vantage points from where the Sun can be monitored. These are called the Lagrangian points, which are named after an Italian astronomer Joseph-Louis Lagrange who discovered them. The gravitational force of attraction between the Sun and the Earth at the Lagrange points are perfectly balanced, the scientist said. "Of all these five points, there is a point called L1 to have an uninterrupted view of the Sun. This point is located between the Sun and Earth at a distance of 1.5 million km from the Earth," the IIA professor explained. According to him, the Aditya L1 space mission will take 100-plus days to reach the Lagrangian-1 point. Data from this satellite will be downloaded at ISRO's Indian Deep Space Network near Byalalu on the outskirts of Bengaluru and will be transmitted by a dedicated internet link to the Payload Operations Centre of the IIA, Dr Ramesh said. The data will be processed and sent back to ISRO for dissemination to the general public as well as for use by the scientific community.

Aditya L1: Solar quakes can alter geomagnetic field of earth says top scientist

Moscow [<keyword id="6358826" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="russia" source="Orion">Russia</keyword>], August 11 (ANI): Russia on Friday launched Luna 25, the country's first lunar mission in 47 years. Luna-25 took off from the Vostochny launch facility in Russia's <keyword id="376432" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="far-east" source="Orion">Far East</keyword>, Russia-based TASS news agency reported. Launched aboard a Soyuz-2 Fregat rocket, Luna 25 took flight at 8:10 am (local time) on Friday, CNN reported. The Fregat booster separated from the rocket's third stage approximately 564 seconds after the launch, according to TASS reported. The Luna-25 spacecraft will separate from the booster about an hour after the launch. The flight to the moon will take up to 5.5 days. The spacecraft will spend between three and seven days about 100 kilometres above the lunar surface before reaching the Boguslawsky crater area. Meanwhile, <keyword id="18361345" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="manzinus-and-pentland-a" source="Orion">Manzinus and Pentland-A</keyword> craters have been named as alternative landing sites. The primary goal of the mission will be to polish the soft landing technology. The mission might become the first spacecraft ever to reach near the South Pole of the Earth's natural satellite, according to TASS. The spacecraft will look for natural resources, including water, and analyse the effects of space rays and electromagnetic emissions on the lunar surface. Luna 25, also called the Luna-Glob-Lander, will study the composition of the moon's polar soil and the plasma and dust contained in the very thin lunar exosphere, or the moon's scant atmosphere, for one year. The lander has several cameras and they will make timelapse footage of the landing and an HDR wide-angle image of the moonscape. Luna-25 will turn its cameras during pre-programmed periods and after a signal from the Earth, TASS reported. <keyword id="107353" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-aeronautics-and-space-administration" source="Orion">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> (NASA) in the statement said, "The lander has a four-legged base containing the landing rockets and propellant tanks, an upper compartment holds the solar panels, communication equipment, on-board computers, and most of the science apparatus." According to the statement released by NASA, the lander has a 1.6 meter-long Lunar Robotic Arm (LRA, or <keyword id="18361344" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="lunar-manipulator-complex" source="Orion">Lunar Manipulator Complex</keyword>) to remove and gather the surface regolith to depths of 20 to 30 cm. The LRA is equipped with a scoop (175 cubic cm volume) and a sample acquisition tool, a 4.7 cm long tube with an internal diameter of 1.25 cm. It's keenly watched around the world as Europe and America work to isolate Russia amid the war in Ukraine, and as Russia tries to strengthen its political and economic ties with non-Western countries in response. (ANI)

Russia launches Luna-25 mission to Moon, its first lunar lander in 47 years 

Shares of <keyword id="6357623" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="alphabet" source="Orion">Alphabet</keyword> fell 8 per cent on Wednesday after the <keyword id="6355629" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="google" source="Orion">Google</keyword> parent company unveiled new artificial-intelligence-powered features, The <keyword id="6384660" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="wall-street-journal" source="Orion">Wall Street Journal</keyword> reported. The stock was on pace for its worst trading session since October, <keyword id="51124" type="General" weightage="80" keywordseo="wsj" source="Orion">WSJ</keyword> said. A video Google published online introducing its new AI chatbot system, Bard, showed an inaccurate answer to a search query. The video claimed that the James Webb Space Telescope took "the very first pictures" of an exoplanet outside the <keyword id="52393" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="solar-system" source="Orion">Solar System</keyword>, WSJ said, adding that The <keyword id="107353" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="national-aeronautics-and-space-administration" source="Orion">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> says on its website that the first images of an exoplanet were taken as early as 2004 by a different telescope. The moves come a day after <keyword id="10387" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="microsoft" source="Orion">Microsoft</keyword> said it was building the technology behind the chatbot ChatGPT into its Bing search engine, heating up the race among the tech behemoths to establish dominance in artificial intelligence. <keyword id="164502" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="sundar-pichai" source="Orion">Sundar Pichai</keyword>, Chief Executive Officer of Google parent Alphabet, in a blog post published on Monday, said the new experimental service, called Bard, generates textual responses to questions posed by users, based on information drawn from the web. In that post, Pichai also shared a glimpse of new search engine features that will use AI to answer user queries, and said it would open up some of its AI programmes to outside developers, WSJ said. Google's new products come amid a flurry of announcements by rival Microsoft about its use of AI technologies developed by OpenAI. Microsoft said last month it is making a multiyear, multibillion-dollar investment in the San Francisco AI startup. It said it would be opening up its tools for developers to build upon, and integrating them into services such as its Bing search engine--raising the spectre of a new challenge to <keyword id="163945" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="google-search" source="Orion">Google Search</keyword>'s market power. Google executives have also suggested they haven't been slow so much as careful with their tools, drawing an implicit contrast to competitors tools, such as ChatGPT, that can spout made-up information in response to some user queries, WSJ said. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/international/news/extend-h-1b-visa-grace-period-12-months-indo-american-organisations-launch-online-petition/articleshow/97754404.cms">Extend H-1B visa grace period 12 months: Indo-American organisations launch online petition</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/news/rupee-falls-12-paise-to-82-66-against-us-dollar-in-early-trade/articleshow/97755208.cms">Rupee falls 12 paise to 82.66 against US dollar in early trade</a>

Shares of Alphabet fall 8 pc after Google rollout of AI search features

<keyword id="6360409" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> has shared an update on its <keyword id="7895130" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="artemis-programme">Artemis programme</keyword>, including the latest plans to land the first woman and the next man on the surface of the Moon in 2024 at a cost of nearly $28 billion. However, according to NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, meeting the tight deadline set by the <keyword id="6354484" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Donald-Trump">Donald Trump</keyword> administration would depend a lot on Congress approving $3.2 billion quickly for the development of human-rated lunar landers, according to a report in Spaceflight Now on Monday. NASA had earlier proposed a plan to return humans to Moon by 2028. In the 18 months since NASA accepted the "bold" challenge to accelerate its exploration plans by more than four years and establish sustainable exploration by the end of the decade, the agency has continued to gain momentum toward sending humans to the Moon again for the first time since the last Apollo lunar mission in 1972. "With bipartisan support from Congress, our 21st century push to the Moon is well within America's reach," said Bridenstine. "As we've solidified more of our exploration plans in recent months, we've continued to refine our budget and architecture. We're going back to the Moon for scientific discovery, economic benefits, and inspiration for a new a generation of explorers." The NASA Administrator said that the agency is also building momentum "toward those first human steps on the Red Planet." The agency's powerful new rocket, the <keyword id="1347202" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Space-Launch-System">Space Launch System</keyword> (SLS), and the <keyword id="2065228" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Orion-spacecraft">Orion spacecraft</keyword> are closer than ever to their first integrated launch, NASA said. The spacecraft is complete while the core stage and its attached four engines are undergoing a final series of tests that will culminate in a critical hot fire test this autumn. Following a successful hot fire test, the core stage will be shipped to the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida for integration with the spacecraft. NASA will launch an SLS and an Orion together on two flight tests around the Moon to check performance, life support, and communication capabilities. The first mission -- known as Artemis I -- is on track for 2021 without astronauts, and Artemis II will fly with crew in 2023. While preparing for and carrying out these flight test missions, NASA already will be back on the Moon robotically - using commercial delivery services to send dozens of new science investigations and technology demonstrations to the Moon twice per year beginning in 2021. In 2024, Artemis III will be humanity's return to the surface of the Moon - landing the first astronauts on the lunar South Pole. After launching on SLS, astronauts will travel about 240,000 miles to lunar orbit aboard Orion, at which point they will directly board one of the new commercial human landing systems, or dock to the Gateway to inspect it and gather supplies before boarding the landing system for their expedition to the surface. The Gateway will be an outpost orbiting the Moon that provides vital support for a sustainable, long-term human return to the lunar surface, as well as a staging point for deep space exploration. Wearing modern spacesuits that allow for greater flexibility and movement than those of their Apollo predecessors, astronauts will collect samples and conduct a range of science experiments over the course of nearly seven days. Using the lander, they will return to lunar orbit before ultimately heading home to Earth aboard Orion, NASA said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/dailyhunt-to-launch-family-of-bharat-apps-claiming-it-can-push-a-new-mobile-app-every-three-days/articleshow/78250283.cms">EXCLUSIVE: Dailyhunt is curating an entire family of 'Bharat' apps — claims it can push a new mobile app every three days</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/finance/banks/news/rajya-sabha-passes-banking-amendment-bill-2020/articleshow/78251384.cms">Rajya Sabha passes Banking Amendment Bill 2020 bringing cooperative banks under RBI's umbrella</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/latest-updates-on-india-china-border-issue/articleshow/78162853.cms">India-China border dispute was discussed for 14 hours at the sixth Corps Commander-level meeting</a>

NASA's plan to put humans back on the Moon will cost $28 billion

Chandrayaan-3, India's mission to Moon, is likely to be launched in early 2021, Union Minister <keyword id="52861" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jitendra-Singh">Jitendra Singh</keyword> said on Sunday. However, unlike Chandrayaan-2, it will not have an orbiter, but will include a lander and a rover, he added. After the hard landing of Chandrayaan-2 in September last year, space agency ISRO had planned another mission to the Moon later this year. However, the coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown have hit several of ISRO's projects and delayed missions like Chandrayaan-3. "As for Chandrayaan-3, the launch may now take place somewhere in early 2021. Chandrayaan-3 will be a mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2 and will include a Lander and Rover similar to that of Chandrayaan-2, but will not have an orbiter," a statement quoting Singh said. Planned to land on the South Pole of the Moon, Chandrayaan-2 was launched on July 22 last year. However, the lander Vikram hard-landed on September 7, crashing India's dream to become the first nation to successfully touch down on the lunar surface in its maiden attempt. The orbiter of the mission is working fine and has been sending data. Singh, who is the Minister of State for the Department of Space, said Chandrayaan-1, ISRO's maiden mission to the Moon launched in 2008, has sent images which show that Earth's satellite may be rusting along the poles. "The sign of this finding is that even though the surface of the Moon is known to have iron-rich rocks, it is not known for the presence of water and oxygen, which are the two elements needed to interact with iron to create rust," he said. Scientists at <keyword id="9471075" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-national-aeronautics-and-space-administration">the National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> (<keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword>) say that this could be because the Earth's own atmosphere is lending a helping hand which, in other words, means that the Earth's atmosphere could be protecting the Moon as well, the statement said. "Thus, the Chandrayaan-1 Moon data indicates that the Moon's poles are home to water, this is what the scientists are trying to decipher," the statement added. Meanwhile, preparations are going on for India's first-ever Human Space mission Gaganyaan, he added. The training processes and other procedures are also in place. "Constraints due to the <keyword id="8764262" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid">COVID</keyword> pandemic led to some disruptions in the plan for Gaganyaan but efforts are going on to stick to the timeline of around 2022," the minister said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/pubg-ban-india-makes-chinese-company-tencent-loses-34-billion-in-2-days/articleshow/77924912.cms">Tencent loses nearly $34 billion since the PUBG Mobile ban in India — its second-largest valuation dip this year</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/facebook-officially-rolls-out-instagram-reels-but-not-everyone-is-happy-with-the-new-update/articleshow/77930380.cms">Facebook officially rolls out Instagram Reels — but not everyone is happy with the new update</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/elon-musk-jeff-bezos-mark-zuckerberg-and-the-other-richest-tech-billionaires-lost-a-total-of-44-billion-this-week/articleshow/77941008.cms">Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Mark Zuckerberg, and the other richest tech billionaires lost a total of $44 billion this week</a>

'Chandrayaan-3 will be mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2' — may launch early 2021 after delay due to COVID-19 lockdown

Since a long time, astronomers are busy finding evidence of extra-terrestrial life. And when it comes to finding life on planets other than the Earth, Mars has always been one of the favorite planets for space researchers. Surprisingly, now a woman, who claims to be a former employee of the US space agency <keyword id="6360409" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="NASA">NASA</keyword>, has stated that she saw two human walking on the Red Planet in 1979. 
 
The woman, who calls herself “Jackie”, said that while watching the telemetry proceedings of the Viking Mars lander in 1979, she along with six other colleagues saw two humans walking towards the lander on the Red Planet. 
 Mind you, Viking lander, which is the first vehicle to send back images of the Red Planet, is often regarded the grandfather of today’s Mars <keyword id="69295" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Curiosity">Curiosity</keyword> Rover. 
 
As per a media report, In 1979, the woman reportedly placed a call to Coast to Coast AM radio station in the US, telling them that she saw two humans walking on Mars while handling the downlink telemetry from the lander. 
 
Jackie told the radio host, "That old Viking rover was running around. Then I saw two men in spacesuits - not the bulky suits we normally used, but they looked protective. They came over the horizon walking to the Viking Explorer. The men' suits looked like space protective gear, but not what you would expect astronauts to wear." 
 
"There were probably about half a dozen of us downstairs. We were just maintaining the equipment. Then they cut off our video feed," she added. 
 
It is important to note that NASA is yet to verify her claim. 
(Image: NASA)

You Searched For "national aeronautics and space administration" and got 6 results

Aditya L1: Solar quakes can alter geomagnetic field of earth says top scientist

PTI

Russia launches Luna-25 mission to Moon, its first lunar lander in 47 years

ANI

Shares of Alphabet fall 8 pc after Google rollout of AI search features

ANI

NASA's plan to put humans back on the Moon will cost $28 billion

IANS

'Chandrayaan-3 will be mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2' — may launch early 2021 after delay due to COVID-19 lockdown

PTI

I Saw Humans On Mars, Claims A Former NASA Employee

Gizmodo India Bureau

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