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New Delhi [India], August 22 (ANI): In its latest update on Chandrayaan-3 soft landing, <keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword> on Tuesday said the mission is on schedule and systems are undergoing regular checks. "Smooth sailing is continuing, The Mission Operations Complex (at ISRO) is buzzed with energy and excitement!" ISRO posted on X, formerly Twitter. After Russia's Luna-25 mission failed, all eyes will be on India as its Chandrayaan-3 is set to land on the moon on August 23, 2023 (Wednesday), around 18:04 IST. The live telecast of the landing operations at MOX will begin at 1720 IST on Wednesday. Live actions of landing will be available on the ISRO website, its YouTube channel, Facebook, and public broadcaster DD National TV from 17:27 IST on Aug 23, 2023. Along with the mission's update, ISRO also released images of the moon captured by the Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC) from an altitude of about 70 km. These images assist the lander module in determining its position (latitude and longitude) by matching them against an onboard moon reference map. On Monday, ISRO released a series of images of the lunar far side area captured by the Lander Hazard Detection and Avoidance Camera (LHDAC). This camera assists in locating a safe landing area -- without boulders or deep trenches -- during the descent. Also, in a significant development, the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter which was still orbiting around the moon established a two-way connection with the lander module of Chandrayaan-3 on Monday. Notably, the 'Vikram' lander module of the spacecraft successfully separated from the propulsion module on Thursday, and subsequently underwent crucial deboosting manoeuvres and descended to a slightly lower orbit. The Chandrayaan-3 mission's lander is named after Vikram Sarabhai (1919-1971), who is widely regarded as the father of the Indian space programme. A GSLV Mark 3 (LVM 3) heavy-lift launch vehicle was used for the launch of the spacecraft that was placed in the lunar orbit on August 5 and since then it has been through a series of orbital manoeuvres been lowered closer to the moon's surface. It has been a month and eight days since the <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> launched the Chandrayaan-3 mission on July 14. The spacecraft was launched from the <keyword id="6356967" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="satish-dhawan-space-centre" source="Orion">Satish Dhawan Space Centre</keyword> in Andhra Pradesh's Sriharikota. The stated objectives of Chandrayaan-3, India's third lunar mission, are safe and soft landing on the lunar surface, rover moving on the moon's surface, and in-situ scientific experiments. India will be the fourth country in the world to achieve this feat after the United States, Russia, and China, but India will be the only country in the world to land on the lunar south pole. Chandrayaan-3's development phase commenced in January 2020, with the launch planned sometime in 2021. However, the Covid-19 pandemic brought an unforeseen delay to the mission's progress. Notably, the Chandrayaan-1 mission discovered the presence of water on the surface of the Moon, which was a new revelation for the world and even the premier Space agencies like the USA's NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) were fascinated by this discovery and used the inputs for their further experiments. (ANI)

Smooth Sailing says ISRO as Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander gets closer to the Moon

<ul><li>Vikram, India’s lunar lander from the Chandrayaan-2 mission, has been spotted on the moon by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). </li><li>The lander’s debris was first identified by Shanmuga Subramanian — 750 meters from the main crash site. </li><li>The largest pieces at about 1.5 meters across. </li></ul>Three months after India’s failed attempt to land on the Moon, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2019/vikram-lander-found">NASA</a>) has finally spotted the lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/pictures-of-moon-and-earth-by-chandrayaan-2-lander-and-orbiter/articleshow/71015068.cms">Vikram</a>, on the lunar surface. <div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="5103" retweetcount="1978" status="The #Chandrayaan2 Vikram lander has been found by our @NASAMoon mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. See the… https://t.co/niHBT1STV2" createdat="1575318157000" id="1201597561720725506"></div>

 The American space agency’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/search-for-vikram-on-nasa-scientists-analyse-lunar-images-from-orbiter/articleshow/71197160.cms">tried to locate</a> Vikram earlier in September as well but the light conditions were too harsh for an accurate image. <div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="22166" retweetcount="6090" status="Our @LRO_NASA mission imaged the targeted landing site of India’s Chandrayaan-2 lander, Vikram. The images were tak… https://t.co/K37sBatI4N" createdat="1569531605000" id="1177326999657943060"></div>

 The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasa-is-still-searching-for-vikram-lander-with-a-fresh-set-of-lunar-pictures/articleshow/71627513.cms">first signs</a> of debris were located by Shanmuga Subramanian, a space enthusiast, about 750 meters northwest of the main crash site. The largest pieces at about 1.5 meters across. "Subramanian contacted the LRO project with positive identification of debris. After receiving this tip, the LROC team confirmed the identification by comparing before and after images," said NASA in a statement. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has been trying to determine what went wrong since the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">failed landing</a> on 7 September 2019. But has since been tight-lipped about the incident. ISRO reportedly <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-says-moon-lander-vikram-located-by-orbiter/articleshow/71061294.cms">spotted the lander</a> with their own orbiter but did not release those images to the public. It was only two weeks ago, during a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/chandrayaan-2-india-reveals-the-mystery-behind-vikram-lander-but-its-location-is-still-unknown/articleshow/72161803.cms">parliamentary session</a>, when Jitendra Singh, a minister of state, admitted that Vikram had hard-landed — or crashed — onto the lunar surface. “Due to this deviation, the initial conditions at the start of the fine braking phase were beyond the designed parameters. As a result, Vikram hard-landed within 500 meters of the designated landing site,” he said. Experts assert that the Chandrayaan-2 mission was still a success since one of its three components, the orbiter, was successfully put in orbit around the Moon. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Everything you need to know about Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, as it lands on the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-lander-vikram-found-on-the-moon-but-isro-suspects-hard-landing/articleshow/71035718.cms">Chandrayaan 2 definitely reached the Moon but might have 'hard' news in store</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">Moon landing drama: Play by play of ISRO losing communication with Chandrayaan 2's lander</a>

Space enthusiast helps NASA locate Vikram lander's crash site on the moon

<ul><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) will fly over Chandrayaan 2’s landing site on the moon. </li><li>LRO will try and capture images of the lunar lander, Vikram, on the Moon. </li><li>The images might turn out a little blurry with sunlight depleting and only four days to go before the lunar night sets in. </li></ul>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will capture images of Indian lunar lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Vikram</a>, today. According to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Vikram isn’t broken — it’s only lying tilted on the lunar surface. NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) will fly over Vikram’s landing site. The images of the lander will help ISRO figure out what went wrong — and what went right — with the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-145-million-lunar-mission-is-set-to-make-it-just-the-4th-nation-to-make-a-soft-landing-on-the-moon-only-months-after-nasa-called-its-actions-in-space-unacceptable/articleshow/70996580.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a>’s mission to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2s-soft-landing-on-the-moon-will-be-the-15-most-terrifying-minutes-for-isro/articleshow/71011152.cms">soft land on the Moon</a>. <div type="image" title="BI91" msid="71162941" hostid="261"></div>

 ISRO also <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-lander-vikram-found-on-the-moon-but-isro-suspects-hard-landing/articleshow/71035718.cms">clicked images</a> of the lunar lander, but the images were never released to the public. NASA’s images, on the other hand, will be shared with the public. "NASA will share any before and after flyover imagery of the area around the targeted Chandrayaan-2 Vikram lander landing site to support analysis by the Indian Space Research Organisation," said Noah Petro, LRO's project scientist. Lunar nights These images might come out a little blurry since Vikram has been incommunicado for ten days now. Sunlight is depleting with only four days to go before the lunar night sets in, which will last for two weeks. These are also the last four days that ISRO has to establish <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">communication with Vikram</a> before it gets too cold for the lander to operate. The lander isn’t meant to survive temperatures that will dip to beyond -270 degrees Celsius. NASA had already tried communicating with the lander a few days back when its Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) beamed a radio frequency to the lander, in hopes of receiving a return signal from Vikram. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-lander-vikram-found-on-the-moon-but-isro-suspects-hard-landing/articleshow/71035718.cms">Chandrayaan 2 definitely reached the Moon but might have 'hard' news in store</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/pictures-of-moon-and-earth-by-chandrayaan-2-lander-and-orbiter/articleshow/71015068.cms">IN PICS: All pictures clicked by Chandrayaan 2's lander — Vikram</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">Chandrayaan 2 loses contact with the lander in the final seconds of the descent to Moon's surface</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Everything you need to know about Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, as it lands on the Moon</a>

NASA's lunar probe is going to photograph the Indian moon lander today

<ul><li>An Indian techie, Shanmuga Subramanian helped <keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> spot Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface. </li><li>He scoured the pictures taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), NASA and Arizona State University announced on Monday confirming the find. </li><li>In September, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was attempting to soft-land near the moon’s South Pole. </li></ul>Meet Shanmuga Subramanian, 33, who is now being hailed a ‘tech wizard’ for helping NASA find the debris of Vikram Lander on the moon. He scoured the pictures taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), NASA and Arizona State University announced on <a href="http://businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasa-finds-isros-chandrayaan-2-vikram-lander-crash-site/articleshow/72341436.cms">Monday confirming the find</a>. “I didn’t use any tools, only used my laptop to scan images,” said Subramanian who claimed to be a ‘big fan of ISRO’. He also told in a television interview that he never missed an ISRO launch. In September, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was attempting to soft-land near the moon’s South Pole. "Subramanian contacted the LRO project with positive identification of debris. After receiving this tip, the LROC team confirmed the identification by comparing-- before and after images," said NASA in a statement. “I hope this inspires a lot of amateur space enthusiasts. I found one piece of the Vikram lander and based on that NASA found the other parts. I hope ISRO will have a successful Chandrayaan 3,” said Subramanian while speaking on a TV channel. Today, the US space agency officially tweeted an image of the debris that was spotted on the moon’s surface. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="7906" retweetcount="3130" status="The #Chandrayaan2 Vikram lander has been found by our @NASAMoon mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. See the… https://t.co/niHBT1STV2" createdat="1575318157000" id="1201597561720725506"></div>





 Just three hours after NASA’s Tweet, Subramanian identified himself on Twitter and spelt out the details. As expected, it went viral. And India’s most social media friendly industrialist <keyword id="46425" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Anand-Mahindra">Anand Mahindra</keyword> shared the viral tweet and engaged in a banter with a person trying to discredit him. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="Ramanean" handlename="Shan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/822653796950167552/6RNnZRVf_normal.jpg" favoritecount="10209" retweetcount="3913" status="@NASA has credited me for finding Vikram Lander on Moon's surface #VikramLander #Chandrayaan2 @timesofindia… https://t.co/NJPPTr4aBP" createdat="1575327690000" id="1201637543394983936"></div>




 Subramanian also shared a screenshot from the mail he received from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission (LROC), saying that he will be given due credit for his findings. “The debris first located by Shanmuga is about 750 meters northwest of the main crash site and was a single bright pixel identification in that first mosaic (1.3 meter pixels, 84° incidence angle). The November mosaic shows best the impact crater, ray and extensive debris field. The three largest pieces of debris are each about 2x2 pixels and cast a one pixel shadow,” wrote NASA. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="Ramanean" handlename="Shan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/822653796950167552/6RNnZRVf_normal.jpg" favoritecount="430" retweetcount="140" status="@LRO_NASA @NASA @isro @NASA @LRO_NASA @isro This might be Vikram lander's crash site (Lat:-70.8552 Lon:21.71233 )… https://t.co/rJ3NixMmqy" createdat="1574001967000" id="1196077057928622080"></div>





 The American space agency’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LRCO) tried to locate Vikram earlier in September as well but the light conditions were too harsh for an accurate image. 
 
 <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="72341436" title="Space enthusiast helps NASA locate Vikram lander's crash site on the moon" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

Meet the 33-year-old Chennai techie who spotted Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface and alerted NASA

<ul><li><keyword id="3557" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Brad-Pitt">Brad Pitt</keyword> asked ISS astronaut, Nick Hauge, about India’s mission to soft land on the Moon. </li><li>Pitt also disclosed that he was at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) at the time of the moon landing. </li><li>Astronauts aboard the ISS did not have a view of the lunar lander as it landed. </li></ul>Hollywood actor, Brad Pitt, was recently in conversation with Nick Hague, the American astronaut aboard the <keyword id="6382020" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="international-space-station">International Space Station</keyword> (ISS). And, one of Pitt’s first questions for Hague was — Could you see India landing on the Moon from the ISS? <div type="Youtube" id="_oVYSwmIrZk" title="Brad Pitt Speaks with NASA Astronaut Nick Hague Aboard the International Space Station" thumbUrl="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_oVYSwmIrZk/mqdefault.jpg"></div>

 In fact, Pitt was at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) on the day that India was making its attempt to soft land on the Moon. The ISS astronauts, unfortunately, did not have a view. “So I, along with the rest of the crew, had to follow along with the news reports,” said Hauge during the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=379&amp;v=_oVYSwmIrZk">NASA TV</a> broadcast. “It’s one of those things where international cooperation is so important because up here, space is hard,” he explained. After the <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>’s lunar lander, Vikram, fell silent on 7 September 2019 when something went wrong during the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">final seconds of its descent</a>, NASA tried to contact it by sending radio frequencies from its end. NASA’s <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasas-lunar-probe-is-going-to-photograph-the-indian-moon-lander-today/articleshow/71162961.cms">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> (LRO) is also scheduled to fly over the landing site today. The apex space agency has stated that they will be sharing the images with the global community so that ISRO can ascertain what went wrong — and what went right — with the mission. The interview was a part of Pitt’s promotional tour for his upcoming release Ad Astra. He plays an astronaut in the movie who has been sent to the edge of the solar system on a mission for Earth.

Watch Brad Pitt ask ISS astronaut about India’s mission to the Moon

<ul><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) stated that the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) has ‘inspired’ them with <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>. </li><li>NASA also said that it looks forward to future missions with ISRO. </li><li>NASA’s laser reflector arrays were abroad Chandrayaan 2’s lander, Vikram. </li><li>NASA and ISRO are already collaborating to build the most expensive Earth imaging satellite till date — NISAR — pegged to cost $1.5 billion. </li></ul> As the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) tries to figure out <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">what went wrong</a> with the moon landing, international support is pouring in from all corners of the world. The US’ apex space agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), tweeted that that ISRO has ‘inspired’ then with their journey. <div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="102912" retweetcount="35977" status="Space is hard. We commend @ISRO’s attempt to land their #Chandrayaan2 mission on the Moon’s South Pole. You have in… https://t.co/M2a8mU8eVA" createdat="1567876723000" id="1170385925077131264"></div>

 NASA’s link to Chandrayaan 2 Chandrayaan 2, though primarily an Indian mission, was carrying <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">NASA’s laser instruments</a>. Its laser reflector arrays were aboard <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">the lander</a>. NASA has been sending up laser reflector arrays with every mission that’s aiming to land on the Moon. One was also on the Israeli lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/israeli-scientists-attempt-at-the-first-private-moon-landing-failed-because-of-a-glitch-that-caused-a-high-speed-crash-into-the-lunar-surface/articleshow/68858222.cms">Beresheet</a>, that crashed into the lunar surface earlier this year. The Moon is already home to five such lasers, according to Simone Dell’Angello, a physicist at the National Institute for Nuclear Physics National Laboratory. The aim of populating the Moon with these instruments is to get an accurate reading of the distance between the Earth and its natural satellite. Retroreflectors are basically very high tech mirrors and their job is to reflect back any lasers signals that Earth sends its way. The reflection from the instruments on the lander would help pinpoint its location. The location, in turn, can be used to calculate the precise distance between the Moon and the Earth. NASA’s history with the Moon Landing on the Moon isn’t easy and nobody knows that better than NASA. It took the US space agency <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunartimeline.html">15 attempts </a>before it finally nailed a hard landing on the Moon. Even NASA’s <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html">Surveyor Program</a> — a series of uncrewed soft landings on the Moon — had to face two failures. NASA’s has plans of its own for 2024 The last time NASA sent humans to the Moon was in 1972 as a part of the Apollo 17 mission. Its last uncrewed mission was back in 2013 when it launched the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080813104358/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=LADEE">LADEE</a>) to intentionally crash into the far side of the Moon. Now, US President Donald Trump is looking to remake US glory by sending astronauts to the Moon again — the mission is called Artemis. He’s even moved up the deadline from 2028 to 2024 — a move that might <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/NASA-says-it-needs-a-1-6-billion-down-payment-from-Congress-to-send-astronauts-back-to-the-moon-within-5-years/articleshow/69331646.cms">cost the US government $1.55 billion</a> as well as reallocating $321 million from other NASA projects. This is on top of NASA’s <a href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/casey-dreier/2019/0215-fy2019-nasa-gets-its-best-budget-in-decades.html">annual budget</a> of $21.5 billion. And, the spending doesn’t stop there. ISRO and NASA are currently developing a dual frequency synthetic aperture radar satellite — <a href="https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/u-s-india-to-collaborate-on-mars-exploration-earth-observing-mission/">NISAR</a>. The satellite is scheduled to take off in 2020, according to NASA. NISAR is expected to be the most expensive Earth imaging till date with its cost pegged at $1.5 billion. It aims to study the effect of climate change on the environment and the resulting hazards. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-orbiter-has-seven-and-a-half-years-to-scan-the-surface-of-the-moon/articleshow/71027327.cms">Chandrayaan 2’s orbiter has seven and a half years to scan the surface of the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">Chandrayaan 2 loses contact with the lander in the final seconds of the descent to Moon's surface</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">Moon landing drama: Play by play of ISRO losing communication with Chandrayaan 2's lander</a>

NASA 'inspired' by Chandrayaan 2 as it plans to return to the Moon after 7 years

Chandrayaan-3, India's mission to Moon, is likely to be launched in early 2021, Union Minister <keyword id="52861" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jitendra-Singh">Jitendra Singh</keyword> said on Sunday. However, unlike Chandrayaan-2, it will not have an orbiter, but will include a lander and a rover, he added. After the hard landing of Chandrayaan-2 in September last year, space agency ISRO had planned another mission to the Moon later this year. However, the coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown have hit several of ISRO's projects and delayed missions like Chandrayaan-3. "As for Chandrayaan-3, the launch may now take place somewhere in early 2021. Chandrayaan-3 will be a mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2 and will include a Lander and Rover similar to that of Chandrayaan-2, but will not have an orbiter," a statement quoting Singh said. Planned to land on the South Pole of the Moon, Chandrayaan-2 was launched on July 22 last year. However, the lander Vikram hard-landed on September 7, crashing India's dream to become the first nation to successfully touch down on the lunar surface in its maiden attempt. The orbiter of the mission is working fine and has been sending data. Singh, who is the Minister of State for the Department of Space, said Chandrayaan-1, ISRO's maiden mission to the Moon launched in 2008, has sent images which show that Earth's satellite may be rusting along the poles. "The sign of this finding is that even though the surface of the Moon is known to have iron-rich rocks, it is not known for the presence of water and oxygen, which are the two elements needed to interact with iron to create rust," he said. Scientists at <keyword id="9471075" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-national-aeronautics-and-space-administration">the National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> (<keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword>) say that this could be because the Earth's own atmosphere is lending a helping hand which, in other words, means that the Earth's atmosphere could be protecting the Moon as well, the statement said. "Thus, the Chandrayaan-1 Moon data indicates that the Moon's poles are home to water, this is what the scientists are trying to decipher," the statement added. Meanwhile, preparations are going on for India's first-ever Human Space mission Gaganyaan, he added. The training processes and other procedures are also in place. "Constraints due to the <keyword id="8764262" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid">COVID</keyword> pandemic led to some disruptions in the plan for Gaganyaan but efforts are going on to stick to the timeline of around 2022," the minister said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/pubg-ban-india-makes-chinese-company-tencent-loses-34-billion-in-2-days/articleshow/77924912.cms">Tencent loses nearly $34 billion since the PUBG Mobile ban in India — its second-largest valuation dip this year</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/facebook-officially-rolls-out-instagram-reels-but-not-everyone-is-happy-with-the-new-update/articleshow/77930380.cms">Facebook officially rolls out Instagram Reels — but not everyone is happy with the new update</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/elon-musk-jeff-bezos-mark-zuckerberg-and-the-other-richest-tech-billionaires-lost-a-total-of-44-billion-this-week/articleshow/77941008.cms">Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Mark Zuckerberg, and the other richest tech billionaires lost a total of $44 billion this week</a>

'Chandrayaan-3 will be mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2' — may launch early 2021 after delay due to COVID-19 lockdown

<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div><ul class="summary-list"><li>India says its moon lander Vikram has been found in one piece on the lunar surface, after it lost contact and crash landed.</li><li>The lander diverged from its intended path 1.3 miles (2.1 kilometres) above the surface of the moon and lost communication with Earth on early on Saturday.&#xa0;</li><li>Vikram is a lander spacecraft built to separate from the larger orbiter, known as Chandrayaan-2, and is part of India's $145 million lunar mission.&#xa0;</li><li>A successful landing would have made India the 4th country to complete a soft landing on the moon alongside the US, USSR, and China.</li><li><a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/?hprecirc-bullet">&#xa0;Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.&#xa0;</a></li></ul>India says it has located its moon lander Vikram in one piece after it was believed to have crashed on the moon's surface whilst attempting to land on Saturday.Asian News International (ANI) <a href="https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/lander-vikram-located-k-sivan20190908141242/">reported on Sunday</a> that the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) located the lander on the moon's surface.&#xa0;"We have found the location of Lander Vikram on the lunar surface and the Orbiter has clicked a thermal image of the lander," Kailasavadivoo Sivan, Chairman of the ISRO told ANI.&#xa0; He said that the ISRO are yet to establish contact with the space craft lander.&#xa0;CNN News 18 India posted a tweet on Monday saying the Vikram lander "is there as a single piece, not broken into pieces."&#xa0;It is unclear how much damage has been sustained by the lander.Vikram is a lander spacecraft built to separate from the larger orbiter, Chandrayaan-2, and is part of India's $145 million lunar mission.&#xa0;Read More: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-space-mission-chandrayaan-2-set-to-land-on-moon-2019-9?r=US&amp;IR=T">India's $145 million lunar mission is set to make it just the 4th nation to make a soft landing on the moon, only months after NASA called its actions in space 'unacceptable'&#xa0;</a>It had been intended to make a soft landing on the moon on Friday, but lost communication with Earth during descent.&#xa0;According to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-lost-contact-with-moon-lander-indicating-crash-2019-9?r=US&amp;IR=T">the chairman of the ISRO,</a> the Vikram spacecraft diverged from its intended path when it was around 1.3 miles (2.1 kilometers) above the surface of the south pole of the moon.It was at this positioning early on Saturday morning that the spacecraft operators lost contact with the communications systems and Vikram believed to have crashed into the surface of the moon.<div class="KonaFilter image-container display-table"><div><div class="image on-image"></div></div></div>Read More: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/india-lost-contact-with-moon-lander-indicating-crash-2019-9?r=US&amp;IR=T">India lost contact with its moon lander, and an astronomer thinks the spacecraft crashed into the lunar surface.&#xa0;</a>Astronomer Jason Davis from the Planetary Society <a href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/jason-davis/vikram-apparently-crash-lands.html">said in a post published over the weekend</a> that the scene was "eerily reminiscent" of Israel's failed moon landing in April, when its landing craft also crashed."The most probable conclusion is that Vikram crashed on the surface," he said in the post, which was published prior to the ISRO's confirmation of the crash.A successful landing would have made India the 4th country to land on the moon alongside the US, Russia and China.&#xa0;<div></div> <div class="margin-top"> <h3>NOW WATCH: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.com/why-hurricanes-spin-counterclockwise-2017-9">Here's why all hurricanes spin counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere</a></h3> <div> </div> </div>

India failed in its attempt to be the 4th country to make a soft landing on the the moon when its lander crashed on the lunar surface

<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation's (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword> just clicked its first photo of the Moon from a distance of 2,650 kilometers. </li><li>The picture was clicked by the mission lander, Vikram, aboard the Chandrayaan 2 spacecraft.</li><li>The image shows the Apollo craters and the Mare Orientale basin — where scientists believe a lunar sea used to exist 3 billion years ago.</li></ul>India's mission to the Moon's South Pole, Chandrayaan 2, just sent back its first images of the Moon. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="74477" retweetcount="19790" status="Take a look at the first Moon image captured by #Chandrayaan2 #VikramLander taken at a height of about 2650 km from… https://t.co/QK9onuAK3C" createdat="1566481816000" id="1164535259561517058"></div>



 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) captured the Moon and some of its primary landmarks like the Mare Orientale basin. Scientists initially mistook these dark patches on the moon for ‘<keyword id="8014561" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="lunar-seas">lunar seas</keyword>', which is why they're called ‘Mare — latin for sea.' In reality, the dark parts of the Moon's surface are basaltic plains formed by ancient volcanic eruptions. They come up darker than the rest of the lunar surface because they're reflective owing to their iron-rich composition. The <keyword id="8014559" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="mare-oreintale-basin">Mare Oreintale basin</keyword> — one of 40 mare basins on the Moon — is a little different than others because relatively unflooded by the basalts. 
 <div type="image" title="Mare_Orientale_-_C" msid="70798603" hostid="261"></div>


 But, that's not what makes it special — the 3.8 billion-year-old Mare Oreintale's is significant as it is lies in the fact that it's the freshest impact basin on the Moon. In other words, it's where the last asteroid hit the lunar surface. Targeting the bulls eye Measuring around 1,000 kilometers in diameter, the basin pans outward in a ring pattern — 3 rings to exact — the Mare Orientale basin looks like a bullseye on the lunar surface. 
 <div type="image" title="768px-Orientale_lro" msid="70798505" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The three rings of the Mare Orientale taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 NASA scientists have been studying the Mare Orientale basin to try and figure out how the Moon's different features work while hoping that it may provide clues into the Moon's immensely complex history. Normally, with smaller craters than the Oreintale, the initial crater left behind is filled with information to help researchers. But in Mare Oreintale's case, none of the rings are the are from where the asteroid hit for the very first time. "Instead, it appears that, in large impacts like the one that formed Orientale, the surface violently rebounds, obliterating signs of the initial impact," stated <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6662">Maria Zuber</a>, who led the study. Another anomaly is that an asteroid impact normally reshuffled the surface to bring up material from the mantle up to the surface. But with Orientale, scientists found that the crater's surface has the same composition as the Moon's crust. Brandon Johnson from Brown University simulated the event to show that the initial crater quickly collapses, material quickly then falls from the outside of the crater into the center and covers up any mantel rock that might back exposed. The Apollo craters The second landmark captured in the picture taken by Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, are the Apollo craters. It's a double ringed crater that's named after NASA's Apollo missions to the Moon. Individual craters within the Apollo basin have been named after the various astronauts on these missions are a tribute to their contribution to science. The seven most recent craters that were named were a homage to the fallen crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-enters-moons-orbit-play-by-play-of-how-it-happened/articleshow/70751884.cms">Chandrayaan 2 enters Moon’s orbit — play-by-play of how it happened</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/why-chandrayaan-2-will-take-7-weeks-to-reach-moon/articleshow/70346159.cms">Here’s why it’s going to take 7 weeks for Chandrayaan 2 to reach the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water</a>

Chandrayaan 2’s first photo of the Moon shows where 3.8 billion-year old ‘lunar seas’ once used to exist

<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has planned a public release of this data from <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword> in October. </li><li>This is the same data that the Indian space agency is already using to create the highest resolution 3D map of the Moon. </li><li>The data packet will include insights from all eight of the orbiter’s instruments. </li></ul>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced that it will be publicly releasing all the science data from Chandrayaan-2 for global use. And, this includes the images that went behind creating the highest-resolution 3D map of the Moon. The orbiter is home to eight out of the 14 payloads, or instruments, that were aboard Chandrayaan-2 when it took off from Earth. Even though Vikram — Chandrayaan 2’s lander — didn’t make it, the orbiter has still been looking high and low for new discoveries, including the presence of water. <div type="image" title="Orbiter crater" msid="77103840" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;3D view of crater near Lindbergh. The triplet images from TMC-2 when processed into Digital Elevation Models, enable mapping of surface landform morphologies. &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> ISRO’s highest resolution 3D map of the Moon The Indian space agency’s initial plans to release the data were scrapped when the 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in March was cancelled due to the coronavirus outbreak. Instead, it released the draft of one of the projects that it was working — the highest resolution 3D map of the Moon. The Chandrayaan 2 orbiter is using the four instruments it has onboard to capture details of what’s on and below the lunar surface. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="74648255" title="Sneak peek at the highest-resolution 3D map of the Moon that Chandrayaan 2’s orbiter is putting together" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> The 3D representation of the Moon will help serve as a guide to future missions and even point out where large reserves of water or other elements are most likely to be hidden. List of instruments onboard the Chandrayaan 2 orbiter: <ul><li>Terrain Mapping Camera 2 (TMC 2)</li><li>Chandrayaan 2 Large Area Soft Spectrometer (CLASS)</li><li>Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM)</li><li>Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC)</li><li>Imaging IR Spectrometer (IIRS)</li><li>Chandrayaan 2 Atmospheric Compositional Explore 2 (CHASE 2)</li><li>Dual Frequency Radio Science (DFRS) experiment</li></ul>The hunt for water on the Moon One of the main instruments being used to create the map is also a key payload for ISRO in its hunt for water. The Imaging IR Spectrometer (IIRS) is analysing the surface for the presence of water but it’s also mapping for minerals and volatility. To support IIRS findings, the Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) will be trying to provide a quantitative estimate of exactly how much is present below the surface. <div type="image" title="orbiter SAR_edited" msid="77103858" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data captured by Chandrayaan&amp;#39;s SAR instrument&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> Peering through the darkness Using the Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC) can capture images at 0.25 meters per pixel. The only other instruments going around the Moon that come anywhere close to the same level of accuracy is the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) that can capture pictures of the Moon at 0.5 meters per pixel. <div type="image" title="orbiter boulders oHRC_edited" msid="77103890" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Close up view of boulders on the lunar surface taken by the OHRC onboard the Chandrayaan 2 orbiter&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> What makes the data from OHRC even more unique is that it can even capture images during underlit conditions. So, when a particular region may not be illuminated by sunlight, the orbiter will still be able to peer through the darkness to capture the crater floors of the Moon. The OHRC is working alongside the Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC 2), the Imaging Infrared Spectrometer (IIRS), and the Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (DFSAR) to create the 3D map. The TMC2 has an additional purpose to help scientists on Earth gain a better understanding of the Moon’s evolution. Minerals and precious metals One of the instruments not involved in the making of the 3D map but has data of its own to offer is the Chandrayaan 2 Large Area Soft X-Ray Spectrometer (CLASS). It’s on the hunt for major elements like Aluminium, Magnesium, Silicon, Calcium, Sodium, Iron or Titanium near the Moon’s South Pole. The Solar X-Ray Monitor (XSM) helps CLASS analyse its own data by measuring the intensity of the X-Rays emitted by the Sun and its corona. Finally, the Chandrayaan 2 Atmospheric Compositional Explorer 2 (CHACE 2) has been gathering data from the lunar exosphere to carry an in-situ study of its composition and durability. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-to-release-chandrayaan-2-data-globally-from-october/articleshow/77099193.cms">ISRO to release Chandrayaan-2 data globally from October</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-shares-first-discovery-from-chandrayaan-2-orbiter/articleshow/71435228.cms">India’s shares its first discovery from Chandrayaan 2’s ‘flash photography’</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-is-not-just-looking-for-water-on-the-moon/articleshow/70974829.cms">Chandrayaan 2 is not just looking for water on the moon</a>

You Searched For "nasa vikram image" and got 10 results

Smooth Sailing says ISRO as Chandrayaan-3 Vikram lander gets closer to the Moon

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Space enthusiast helps NASA locate Vikram lander's crash site on the moon

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NASA's lunar probe is going to photograph the Indian moon lander today

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Meet the 33-year-old Chennai techie who spotted Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface and alerted NASA

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Watch Brad Pitt ask ISS astronaut about India’s mission to the Moon

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NASA 'inspired' by Chandrayaan 2 as it plans to return to the Moon after 7 years

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'Chandrayaan-3 will be mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2' — may launch early 2021 after delay due to COVID-19 lockdown

PTI

India failed in its attempt to be the 4th country to make a soft landing on the the moon when its lander crashed on the lunar surface

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Chandrayaan 2’s first photo of the Moon shows where 3.8 billion-year old ‘lunar seas’ once used to exist

Prabhjote Gill

Chandrayaan 2’s data release will include the highest-resolution 3D map of the Moon and information from its 8 high tech instruments

Prabhjote Gill

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