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Chairman of the <keyword id="116095" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="indian-space-research-organisation" source="Orion">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (<keyword id="6358064" type="General" weightage="100" keywordseo="isro" source="Orion">ISRO</keyword>), S. Somanath on Thursday said that about 100 startups have registered with the space agency and are working closely in various domains. Addressing a plenary session at the <keyword id="5986217" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="bengaluru-tech-summit" source="Orion">Bengaluru Tech Summit</keyword> 2022 on 'R&amp;D of India: Innovation for Global Impact', he said that the ISRO has signed MoUs with companies to work closely which include hand-holding in space technology and building processes from start to finish. Somanath said a significant number of companies have the potential to become big players in the space sector and ISRO is playing the role of facilitator and helping in building technologies, adding that out of the 100 startups at least 10 of them are working on developing satellites and rockets. He also announced that Chandrayaan 3 mission will be in orbit in a few months adding that ISRO is working closely with <keyword id="6360409" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="nasa" source="Orion">NASA</keyword> in space technology areas. He said the computer that was used in the rocket was made in India. In his brisk presentation, he said space tourism has picked up in the world with startups evincing interest in various applications which impact day-to-day activities. The ISRO chairman said that the agency is playing an important role in smart city projects and smart manufacturing processes. He said some of the areas that ISRO is working on include bringing back satellite technology, propulsion systems used in engine manufacturing which have been successfully tested, green and hybrid propulsion systems, nuclear propulsion, the launch of small rockets with the use of additive technologies, energy storage systems, functional materials, carbon fibre technology, electronic devices, robotics, drone technologies, <keyword id="6518536" type="General" weightage="50" keywordseo="quantum" source="Orion">quantum</keyword> technology used in encryption and disruptive technologies. SEE ALSO: <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/novel-artificial-enzymes-could-help-kill-covid-virus-study/articleshow/95575741.cms">Novel artificial enzymes could help 'kill' Covid virus: Study</a> <a target="_blank" class="c-link c-message_attachment__title_link" href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/health/news/health-ministry-rejects-claim-covaxin-was-rushed-due-to-political-pressure/articleshow/95576897.cms">Health Ministry rejects claim 'Covaxin was rushed due to political pressure'</a>

100 startups registered with ISRO to work in space tech domains: Chairman

<ul><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) stated that the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) has ‘inspired’ them with <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>. </li><li>NASA also said that it looks forward to future missions with ISRO. </li><li>NASA’s laser reflector arrays were abroad Chandrayaan 2’s lander, Vikram. </li><li>NASA and ISRO are already collaborating to build the most expensive Earth imaging satellite till date — NISAR — pegged to cost $1.5 billion. </li></ul> As the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) tries to figure out <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">what went wrong</a> with the moon landing, international support is pouring in from all corners of the world. The US’ apex space agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), tweeted that that ISRO has ‘inspired’ then with their journey. <div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="102912" retweetcount="35977" status="Space is hard. We commend @ISRO’s attempt to land their #Chandrayaan2 mission on the Moon’s South Pole. You have in… https://t.co/M2a8mU8eVA" createdat="1567876723000" id="1170385925077131264"></div>

 NASA’s link to Chandrayaan 2 Chandrayaan 2, though primarily an Indian mission, was carrying <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">NASA’s laser instruments</a>. Its laser reflector arrays were aboard <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">the lander</a>. NASA has been sending up laser reflector arrays with every mission that’s aiming to land on the Moon. One was also on the Israeli lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/israeli-scientists-attempt-at-the-first-private-moon-landing-failed-because-of-a-glitch-that-caused-a-high-speed-crash-into-the-lunar-surface/articleshow/68858222.cms">Beresheet</a>, that crashed into the lunar surface earlier this year. The Moon is already home to five such lasers, according to Simone Dell’Angello, a physicist at the National Institute for Nuclear Physics National Laboratory. The aim of populating the Moon with these instruments is to get an accurate reading of the distance between the Earth and its natural satellite. Retroreflectors are basically very high tech mirrors and their job is to reflect back any lasers signals that Earth sends its way. The reflection from the instruments on the lander would help pinpoint its location. The location, in turn, can be used to calculate the precise distance between the Moon and the Earth. NASA’s history with the Moon Landing on the Moon isn’t easy and nobody knows that better than NASA. It took the US space agency <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/lunartimeline.html">15 attempts </a>before it finally nailed a hard landing on the Moon. Even NASA’s <a href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html">Surveyor Program</a> — a series of uncrewed soft landings on the Moon — had to face two failures. NASA’s has plans of its own for 2024 The last time NASA sent humans to the Moon was in 1972 as a part of the Apollo 17 mission. Its last uncrewed mission was back in 2013 when it launched the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080813104358/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraftDisplay.do?id=LADEE">LADEE</a>) to intentionally crash into the far side of the Moon. Now, US President Donald Trump is looking to remake US glory by sending astronauts to the Moon again — the mission is called Artemis. He’s even moved up the deadline from 2028 to 2024 — a move that might <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/NASA-says-it-needs-a-1-6-billion-down-payment-from-Congress-to-send-astronauts-back-to-the-moon-within-5-years/articleshow/69331646.cms">cost the US government $1.55 billion</a> as well as reallocating $321 million from other NASA projects. This is on top of NASA’s <a href="http://www.planetary.org/blogs/casey-dreier/2019/0215-fy2019-nasa-gets-its-best-budget-in-decades.html">annual budget</a> of $21.5 billion. And, the spending doesn’t stop there. ISRO and NASA are currently developing a dual frequency synthetic aperture radar satellite — <a href="https://sservi.nasa.gov/articles/u-s-india-to-collaborate-on-mars-exploration-earth-observing-mission/">NISAR</a>. The satellite is scheduled to take off in 2020, according to NASA. NISAR is expected to be the most expensive Earth imaging till date with its cost pegged at $1.5 billion. It aims to study the effect of climate change on the environment and the resulting hazards. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-orbiter-has-seven-and-a-half-years-to-scan-the-surface-of-the-moon/articleshow/71027327.cms">Chandrayaan 2’s orbiter has seven and a half years to scan the surface of the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">Chandrayaan 2 loses contact with the lander in the final seconds of the descent to Moon's surface</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">Moon landing drama: Play by play of ISRO losing communication with Chandrayaan 2's lander</a>

NASA 'inspired' by Chandrayaan 2 as it plans to return to the Moon after 7 years

<ul><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) will fly over Chandrayaan 2’s landing site on the moon. </li><li>LRO will try and capture images of the lunar lander, Vikram, on the Moon. </li><li>The images might turn out a little blurry with sunlight depleting and only four days to go before the lunar night sets in. </li></ul>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will capture images of Indian lunar lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Vikram</a>, today. According to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Vikram isn’t broken — it’s only lying tilted on the lunar surface. NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) will fly over Vikram’s landing site. The images of the lander will help ISRO figure out what went wrong — and what went right — with the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-145-million-lunar-mission-is-set-to-make-it-just-the-4th-nation-to-make-a-soft-landing-on-the-moon-only-months-after-nasa-called-its-actions-in-space-unacceptable/articleshow/70996580.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a>’s mission to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2s-soft-landing-on-the-moon-will-be-the-15-most-terrifying-minutes-for-isro/articleshow/71011152.cms">soft land on the Moon</a>. <div type="image" title="BI91" msid="71162941" hostid="261"></div>

 ISRO also <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-lander-vikram-found-on-the-moon-but-isro-suspects-hard-landing/articleshow/71035718.cms">clicked images</a> of the lunar lander, but the images were never released to the public. NASA’s images, on the other hand, will be shared with the public. "NASA will share any before and after flyover imagery of the area around the targeted Chandrayaan-2 Vikram lander landing site to support analysis by the Indian Space Research Organisation," said Noah Petro, LRO's project scientist. Lunar nights These images might come out a little blurry since Vikram has been incommunicado for ten days now. Sunlight is depleting with only four days to go before the lunar night sets in, which will last for two weeks. These are also the last four days that ISRO has to establish <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">communication with Vikram</a> before it gets too cold for the lander to operate. The lander isn’t meant to survive temperatures that will dip to beyond -270 degrees Celsius. NASA had already tried communicating with the lander a few days back when its Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) beamed a radio frequency to the lander, in hopes of receiving a return signal from Vikram. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-lander-vikram-found-on-the-moon-but-isro-suspects-hard-landing/articleshow/71035718.cms">Chandrayaan 2 definitely reached the Moon but might have 'hard' news in store</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/pictures-of-moon-and-earth-by-chandrayaan-2-lander-and-orbiter/articleshow/71015068.cms">IN PICS: All pictures clicked by Chandrayaan 2's lander — Vikram</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-fails-in-the-final-seconds-of-descent-to-moons-south-pole/articleshow/71018196.cms">Chandrayaan 2 loses contact with the lander in the final seconds of the descent to Moon's surface</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Everything you need to know about Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, as it lands on the Moon</a>

NASA's lunar probe is going to photograph the Indian moon lander today

India, and especially <keyword id="6358070" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mumbai">Mumbai</keyword>, is going to possibly find a place on the moon. 
 <keyword id="4311854" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="saumil-vaidya">Saumil Vaidya</keyword>, former alumnus of <keyword id="105348" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Swami-Vivekananda-International-School">Swami Vivekananda International School</keyword> in Borivli, led a lunar-related project called Team EARS, short for Electrostatics Active Radiation Shield. It has now been shortlisted to fly to the moon by TeamIndus, India's first <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/small-business/This-Indian-Startup-will-be-the-first-privately-funded-company-to-land-a-rover-on-Moon/articleshow/55028946.cms">private lunar mission</a>. 
 
Also read: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/This-Indian-company-is-going-to-send-a-robot-to-Moon-signs-historic-contract-with-ISRO/articleshow/55743896.cms">This Indian company is going to send a robot to Moon, signs historic contract with ISRO</a> 
 
In the results of TeamIndus's Lab2Moon contest declared on March 15th, Vaidya's Mumbai-registered project was declared winner along with a project from Italy. The contest invited students from across the world to design and build an experiment that could be flown to the moon. 
 
Also read: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/new-360-degree-nasa-video-shows-what-its-like-to-get-blasted-by-a-moon-rocket-engine-with-500000-pounds-of-thrust/articleshow/57636124.cms">New 360-degree NASA video shows what it's like to get blasted by a moon rocket engine with 500,000 pounds of thrust</a> 
 
Vaidya, who now works in Pune, told TOI that the project was made with an aim to protect future human settlers on the moon from radiation. 
 
"The idea is to build an electrostatic radiation shield around a spacecraft and lunar habitat," he said. His team included Aishwarya Mungale, studying in Goa University, and Aniket Kamat of Kolhapur. 
 
Also read: <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/jeff-bezos-has-a-secret-plan-to-colonize-the-moon-starting-with-package-deliveries/articleshow/57453285.cms">Jeff Bezos has a secret plan to colonize the moon - starting with package deliveries</a> 
 
Vaidya said that now their challenge is to obtain corporate funding of Rs 4 crore by April 15 so that their project, weighing a mere 250gm with three vats of power, can be sent to the moon. 
 
"Once we obtain sponsorship, we have to begin work on the flight model of the experiment, which has to be ready by October," said Vaidya. 
 
TeamIndus is scheduled for launch at <a href="http://www.businessinsider.in/jeff-bezos-has-a-secret-plan-to-colonize-the-moon-starting-with-package-deliveries/articleshow/57453285.cms">Sriharikota</a> on December 28, and would land on the moon's Mare Imbrium in the early hours of January 26, 2018. 
 
(Image source: Wallpaper Safari)

Mumbai youth's lunar project shortlisted to go to the moon

<ul><li>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) claims that India's test of their anti-satellite weapon is a "terrible, terrible thing."</li><li>The head of NASA stated, "That kind of activity is not compatible with the future of human spaceflight."</li><li>But, most experts feel like since the test was conducted at an altitude of 250kms, it's unlikely to be a threat to the <keyword id="6382020" type="LOCATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="international-space-station">International Space Station</keyword> (ISS).</li></ul>The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has strongly criticised <keyword id="3384000" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mission-Shakti">Mission Shakti</keyword>, India's anti-satellite (ASAT) weapon test, saying the debris from the explosion endangers the International Space Station (ISS). According to NASA, the risk of collision of the debris with the International Space Station (ISS) has increased by 44% over the last 10 days. "What we are tracking right now, objects big enough to track — we're talking about 10 centimeters (six inches) or bigger — about 60 pieces have been tracked," Jim Bridenstine, the administrator of NASA said in an announcement to his employees. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="That is a terrible, terrible thing to create an event that sends debris at an apogee that goes above the International Space Station: That kind of activity is not compatible with the future of human spaceflight." auname="Jim Bridenstine, administrator of NASA"></div>

















 This may put India's collaboration with US on <keyword id="7168485" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Mission-Gaganyaan">Mission Gaganyaan</keyword>, the Indian human spaceflight programme, in jeopardy. Bridentstine and the <keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword> Chairman, K Sivan, were <a href="https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/us-india-collaboration-gaganyaan-manned-space-mission-charles-bolden-1474207-2019-03-09">reportedly</a> in talks about forming a working group to work exclusively on the project. It may also push India towards cementing its <a href="https://indianexpress.com/article/india/russia-commits-full-support-to-indias-first-manned-space-mission-gaganyaan-pm-modi-5388790/">collaboration</a> with Russia for the Gaganyaan mission. India and France was already signed a memorandum of understanding where the French scientists will share their expertise to help the human space project get off the ground. Is there really a threat to the ISS? The United States Air Force (USAF) has also been tracking remnants from India's ASAT test. Lt. Gen. David Thompson, vice commander of USAF <a href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/03/27/u-s-military-sensors-track-debris-from-indian-anti-satellite-test/">told</a> the Senate Armed Services Committee in the US that, "they are tracking about 270 different objects in the debris field." Adding that the number will only grow as the debris spreads out and their sensors pick up more information. An <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-anti-satellite-missile-test-may-have-created-6500-eraser-size-pieces-of-space-junk-near-earth-according-to-a-new-simulation/articleshow/68639583.cms">estimated</a> 6,500 pieces of space debris as expected as a result of Mission Shakti according to a simulation created by Analytical Graphics Inc., an engineering software company that creates models of the space environment around Earth. The Indian government, on the other hand, <a href="https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/31179/Frequently_Asked_Questions_on_Mission_Shakti_Indias_AntiSatellite_Missile_test_conducted_on_27_March_2019">claims</a> that their test was specifically conducted in low Earth orbit (LEO) in order to ensure that there is no space debris created. And whatever debris may have been left behind, will eventually decay and fall back onto Earth within the span of a few weeks. Experts like Kumar Abhijeet, member of the International Institute of Space Law, also believe that the debris will most likely dissipate in the atmosphere. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="ExtQuote" text="Now, debris also depends on where we’re doing the test. In China’s case, they did it at 800kms — we’ve conducted ours at 300kms. The debris will most likely burn up in the atmosphere. So there is minimum chance of debris being created." auname="Kumar Abhijeet, Member of the International Institute of Space Law and Research Scholar at the Institute of Air and Space Law"></div>

















 While China's ASAT test in 2007 might have resulted in the destruction of two Russian satellites due the debris left behind, the test was also conducted at a higher altitude of 850 kilometers. India's test, on the other hand was at an altitude of 300kms. Since it well below the 400 kms threshold, most experts are <a href="http://www.thespacereview.com/article/3686/1">claiming</a> are there is no threat to the ISS especially since the debris from the 2008 test conducted by the US at 250kms dissipated within days. Since then, the Bridenstine has had to resume <a href="https://in.reuters.com/article/usa-india-debris/pentagon-says-india-debris-expected-to-burn-up-in-atmosphere-idINKCN1RG22J">cooperation </a>with ISRO after an assessment by the Pentagon revealed that the space debris generated by India's ASAT set would dissipate within a few months and does not pose a threat to human space flight. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-asat-mission-shakti-creates-space-debris/articleshow/68594904.cms">India's test of its anti-satellite weapon may have weakened its fight against dangerous space debris</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-asat-test-marks-time-for-nations-to-make-new-space-treaty/articleshow/68607435.cms">It might be time for ‘space superpowers' to bring in a new space treaty</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/prime-minister-modi-in-his-live-address-says-indian-scientists-shot-down-a-low-orbit-satellite-300-km-away-in-space/articleshow/68593276.cms">India enters an elite club after scientists shoot down a low orbit satellite 300 km away in space</a>

NASA slams India's anti-satellite test, may pull support from mission Gaganyaan

(Photo Source: twitter.com/@isro) <ul><li>India’s heaviest satellite <keyword id="2872167" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="GSAT-11">GSAT-11</keyword>, also called the ‘The Big Bird,’ was successfully injected into orbit from French Guiana in the early hours this morning. </li><li>GSAT-11, which weighs 5854 kilograms, will boost broadband connectivity in India. It will cover the entire country including remote places, said K Sivan, Chairman, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). </li><li>India’s space agency is on a satellite launching spree and has already completed three satellite and two launch vehicle missions in the last 21 days. One of these missions included 30 satellites. </li></ul>Just a few days after <a href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-launches-earth-observation-satellite-hysis-along-with-30-satellites/articleshow/66859666.cms">injecting</a> India’s earth observation satellite into orbit, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) on Wednesday <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/update/05-dec-2018/india%E2%80%99s-heaviest-communication-satellite-gsat-11-launched-successfully-french">successfully launched</a> the country’s heaviest satellite -- that will advance the broadband connectivity in India from French Guiana. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="1763" retweetcount="498" status="Update #4 #ISROMissions Here's the video of #Ariane5 VA-246 lift off from Kourou Launch Base early today morning c… https://t.co/BMzhWc3mjM" createdat="1543972606000" id="1070124787836436482"></div>





 At 2:07 am (IST) the space launch vehicle Ariane-5 VA-246 carrying India’s GSAT-11 and South Korea’s GEO-KOMPSAT-2A satellites lifted off from Kourou Launch Base in the spaceport from French Guiana. Within half an hour after lifting off from the spaceport, GSAT-11 was separated from Ariana 5 and placed into orbit. The next generation advanced communication satellite, GSAT-11, will reportedly cover all parts of the country including remote areas and provide about 16 GBPS data link services across India, said NDTV <a href="https://www.ndtv.com/science/isro-to-launch-gsat-11-communication-satellite-tomorrow-1957761">citing</a> ISRO Chairman K Sivan. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="1000" retweetcount="356" status="Update #6 #ISROMissions Here's all you wanted to know about today's successful #GSAT11 mission. https://t.co/oq6TglDkmk" createdat="1543975136000" id="1070135400713220096"></div>





 The ISRO’s first 6-ton class satellite GSAT-11 will pave the way for the Indian government’s ambitious plan to provide high data connectivity of 100 GBPS. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="narendramodi" handlename="Narendra Modi" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/718314968102367232/ypY1GPCQ_normal.jpg" favoritecount="6625" retweetcount="1671" status="A major milestone for our space programme, which will transform the lives of crores of Indians by connecting remote… https://t.co/RuAQqJPAp1" createdat="1543980665000" id="1070158591707869184"></div>





 “GSAT-11 will boost the broadband connectivity to rural and inaccessible Gram Panchayats in the country coming under the <keyword id="3139655" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Bharat-net">Bharat Net</keyword> Project, which is part of Digital India Programme,” <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/update/05-dec-2018/india%E2%80%99s-heaviest-communication-satellite-gsat-11-launched-successfully-french">said </a>ISRO Chairman Dr. K Sivan. It will be a “forerunner” for all the communication satellites to be launched in the future. ISRO’s Master Control Facility located at Hassan took charge of GSAT-11 following the separation of GSAT-11 and <keyword id="982338" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Ariane-5">Ariane 5</keyword>. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="981" retweetcount="221" status="Update #7 #ISROMissions &quot;Succesful #GSAT11 mission acheived with big support from @Arianespace. Credit also for… https://t.co/HYF3GMWd9e" createdat="1543979147000" id="1070152224997687298"></div>





 India’s space agency is on a launching spree and has already completed three satellite and two launch vehicle missions in the last 21 days. One of these missions included 30 satellites. SEE ALSO : <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-space-agency-is-planning-a-massive-launch-of-over-30-satellites-this-week-including-one-capable-of-hyperspectral-imaging/articleshow/66811381.cms">India’s space agency is planning a massive launch of over 30 satellites this week, including one capable of ‘hyperspectral’ imaging</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/india-successfully-launches-communication-satellite-gsat-29-using-its-heaviest-rocket/articleshow/66623518.cms">India successfully launches communication satellite GSAT-29 using its heaviest rocket</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-nasa-just-spotted-a-black-hole-spinning-so-fast-that-it-could-be-making-space-itself-rotate/articleshow/66416605.cms">ISRO, NASA just spotted a black hole spinning so fast that it could be making space itself rotate</a>

‘The Big Bird’: India marks successful launch of its heaviest satellite GSAT-11 onboard space vehicle Ariane-5

India's <keyword id="2621282" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Human-Space-Flight">human space flight</keyword> mission <keyword id="6797456" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gaganyaan">Gaganyaan</keyword> will be "slightly delayed" owing to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic even as <keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword> resumes rocket launch activities from the first week of November, space agency chief K. Sivan said on Monday. Answering a query at the plenary session of the International Astronautical Congress 2020, the <keyword id="116095" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="Indian-Space-Research-Organisation">Indian Space Research Organisation</keyword> (ISRO) Chairman said India's first human space flight was targeted in August 2022, but owing to Covid-19's impact on the operations, the there will be a slight slip in meeting the mission's target date. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, during his Independence Day speech on August 15, 2018, had said when the nation is celebrating 75th year of Independence in 2022, an Indian son or daughter will be flying into space under the <keyword id="6827364" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Gaganyaan-mission">Gaganyaan mission</keyword>. Sivan said that the Gaganyaan mission has advanced well and the country is taking the help of other space-faring nations like Russia for training the astronauts and some other critical aspects, France in the space medical area and is also approaching US space agency NASA. On resuming rocket launches, he said some missions were delayed as officials were unable to travel to the rocket port from different cities. Sivan said ISRO is planning to launch its Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle C49 (PSLV C49) during the first week of November. The PSLV C49 rocket will fly with RISAT-2BR2 as the main passenger and about several other third party satellites for a fee. According to Sivan, international cooperation is the hallmark of India's space activities. The country has signed about 250 collaboration agreements with about 59 nations. He said India's international collaborations are a mix-some for getting advanced technologies and some are for helping other space faring nations and pointed out training 60 persons from 23 nations in building nano-satellites. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/wipros-second-quarter-will-be-telling-of-how-its-new-ceo-is-steering-the-ship/articleshow/78623027.cms">Wipro's second-quarter will be telling of how its new CEO is steering the ship</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/policy/economy/news/sitharaman-offers-states-12000-crore-interest-free-for-the-next-50-years-if-they-can-spend-it-on-capital-projects-by-march-2021/articleshow/78616741.cms">Sitharaman offers states ₹12,000 crore interest-free for the next 50 years if they can spend it on capital projects by March 2021</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/defense/news/itcm-nirbhay-missiles-maiden-launch-cancelled-due-to-technical-snag/articleshow/78619468.cms">ITCM Nirbhay missile's maiden launch cancelled due to 'technical snag'</a>

India's human space flight mission may face slight delay as ISRO resumes launching rockets in November

Space 2021: All the Mars landings, eclipses, astronaut flights, rocket launches, and other big missions to look for this year

<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) completed its design for India’s first manned submersible to boost deep sea exploration. </li><li>Currently, only five other countries around the world have the capability to dive 6,000 meters under the sea with humans onboard. </li><li>The design is yet to be certified but India expects the submersible vehicle to be ready by 2022. </li></ul>The Indian Space Research Organisation (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-wants-moon-stories-after-chandrayaan-2-launch/articleshow/70548181.cms">ISRO</a>) is already exploring the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-shares-first-discovery-from-chandrayaan-2-orbiter/articleshow/71435228.cms">depths of space</a> and now it wants to dive down into the oceans. The agency is developing a design for a crew module that can take humans upto 6,000 meters under the sea. The project is a part of India’s ₹6,500 crore Deep Ocean Mission. By 2022, India plans to join the elite list of nations that have their own underwater manned submersibles. Right now, only China, the US, Russia, France and Japan have the technology to conduct <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/12-photos-show-how-humans-explored-earths-oceans-from-the-1600s-to-now/articleshow/63835487.cms">manned deep-sea exploration</a>. 
 
 <div type="image" title="manned submerible design" msid="71887525" hostid="261"></div>





Credits:NIOT Most submersibles that go 6,000 meters deep are ROVs or <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/A-48-million-submarine-will-dive-to-the-deepest-point-in-the-ocean-where-only-3-people-have-been-before/articleshow/66416829.cms">remote operated vehicles</a>. They can be controlled using a cable that attaches to the main ship on the surface but they don’t have any humans on board. India’s submersible vehicle, on the other hand, will be able to carry three people — two scientists and one operator. "The design for the manned submersible's sphere has been successfully developed by ISRO. Now it has to be certified and then we will go ahead with the fabrication," said Madhavan Nair, from the Ministry of Earth Sciences during a press conference at the National Institute of Ocean Technology (<a href="https://www.niot.res.in/niot1/dst_intro.php">NIOT</a>). How India’s deep sea submersible works The submersible is going to be a titanium sphere with a diameter of 3.2 meters. The craft will be lowered from the main ship and can remain underwater for eight to ten hours. Once underwater, the onboard pilot or operator can steer the vehicle underwater. The base of the sphere will be a glass pane so that crew members can view the seafloor. Using a robotic arm, the crew will be able to collect samples. According to NIOT, the goal of the mission is to study <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/scientists-caught-the-deepest-fish-in-the-ocean-on-camera-over-5-miles-below-the-surface---take-a-look/articleshow/62640514.cms">rare marine life</a>, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/these-amazing-images-from-the-bottom-of-the-sea-reveal-a-mysterious-world-scientists-are-just-starting-to-explore/amp_articleshow/50569221.cms">explore the ocean bed</a> for mineral resources, recover lost objects and repair underwater equipment. Building the manned submersible Designing the titanium crew module is a challenge. While the material is ideal to withstand high water pressure, it’s also difficult to mold. The design will take another month to get certified by an agency in Germany. After which, it will take another year to physically put it together. While ISRO is in-charge of the crew module, other agencies in India are going to be pitching in as well. NIOT, for instance, will be developing electronics and navigation for the manned submersible. The National Center for Polar and Ocean Research in Goa, Center for Marine Living Resources and Ecology in Kochi and the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services in Hyderabad are also working on the project. (With agency inputs) See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-nasa-just-spotted-a-black-hole-spinning-so-fast-that-it-could-be-making-space-itself-rotate/articleshow/66416605.cms">ISRO, NASA just spotted a black hole spinning so fast that it could be making space itself rotate</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/news/deep-sea-explorers-discovered-creatures-at-the-bottom-of-the-ocean-feasting-on-decaying-whales/articleshow/71713400.cms">Deep-sea explorers discovered creatures at the bottom of the ocean feasting on decaying whales</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/miscellaneous/an-explorer-took-a-48-million-submarine-on-3-record-breaking-dives-to-the-deepest-corners-of-the-ocean-and-discovered-a-mysterious-new-species/slidelist/68930814.cms">An Explorer Took A $48 Million Submarine On 3 Record-Breaking Dives To The Deepest Corners Of The Ocean - And Discovered A Mysterious New Species</a>

After reaching the moon, ISRO plans to dive 6,000 meters deep into the sea by 2022

Chandrayaan-3, India's mission to Moon, is likely to be launched in early 2021, Union Minister <keyword id="52861" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jitendra-Singh">Jitendra Singh</keyword> said on Sunday. However, unlike Chandrayaan-2, it will not have an orbiter, but will include a lander and a rover, he added. After the hard landing of Chandrayaan-2 in September last year, space agency ISRO had planned another mission to the Moon later this year. However, the coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown have hit several of ISRO's projects and delayed missions like Chandrayaan-3. "As for Chandrayaan-3, the launch may now take place somewhere in early 2021. Chandrayaan-3 will be a mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2 and will include a Lander and Rover similar to that of Chandrayaan-2, but will not have an orbiter," a statement quoting Singh said. Planned to land on the South Pole of the Moon, Chandrayaan-2 was launched on July 22 last year. However, the lander Vikram hard-landed on September 7, crashing India's dream to become the first nation to successfully touch down on the lunar surface in its maiden attempt. The orbiter of the mission is working fine and has been sending data. Singh, who is the Minister of State for the Department of Space, said Chandrayaan-1, ISRO's maiden mission to the Moon launched in 2008, has sent images which show that Earth's satellite may be rusting along the poles. "The sign of this finding is that even though the surface of the Moon is known to have iron-rich rocks, it is not known for the presence of water and oxygen, which are the two elements needed to interact with iron to create rust," he said. Scientists at <keyword id="9471075" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-national-aeronautics-and-space-administration">the National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> (<keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword>) say that this could be because the Earth's own atmosphere is lending a helping hand which, in other words, means that the Earth's atmosphere could be protecting the Moon as well, the statement said. "Thus, the Chandrayaan-1 Moon data indicates that the Moon's poles are home to water, this is what the scientists are trying to decipher," the statement added. Meanwhile, preparations are going on for India's first-ever Human Space mission Gaganyaan, he added. The training processes and other procedures are also in place. "Constraints due to the <keyword id="8764262" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid">COVID</keyword> pandemic led to some disruptions in the plan for Gaganyaan but efforts are going on to stick to the timeline of around 2022," the minister said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/pubg-ban-india-makes-chinese-company-tencent-loses-34-billion-in-2-days/articleshow/77924912.cms">Tencent loses nearly $34 billion since the PUBG Mobile ban in India — its second-largest valuation dip this year</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/facebook-officially-rolls-out-instagram-reels-but-not-everyone-is-happy-with-the-new-update/articleshow/77930380.cms">Facebook officially rolls out Instagram Reels — but not everyone is happy with the new update</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/elon-musk-jeff-bezos-mark-zuckerberg-and-the-other-richest-tech-billionaires-lost-a-total-of-44-billion-this-week/articleshow/77941008.cms">Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Mark Zuckerberg, and the other richest tech billionaires lost a total of $44 billion this week</a>

'Chandrayaan-3 will be mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2' — may launch early 2021 after delay due to COVID-19 lockdown

<ul><li>An Indian techie, Shanmuga Subramanian helped <keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> spot Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface. </li><li>He scoured the pictures taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), NASA and Arizona State University announced on Monday confirming the find. </li><li>In September, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was attempting to soft-land near the moon’s South Pole. </li></ul>Meet Shanmuga Subramanian, 33, who is now being hailed a ‘tech wizard’ for helping NASA find the debris of Vikram Lander on the moon. He scoured the pictures taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), NASA and Arizona State University announced on <a href="http://businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasa-finds-isros-chandrayaan-2-vikram-lander-crash-site/articleshow/72341436.cms">Monday confirming the find</a>. “I didn’t use any tools, only used my laptop to scan images,” said Subramanian who claimed to be a ‘big fan of ISRO’. He also told in a television interview that he never missed an ISRO launch. In September, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was attempting to soft-land near the moon’s South Pole. "Subramanian contacted the LRO project with positive identification of debris. After receiving this tip, the LROC team confirmed the identification by comparing-- before and after images," said NASA in a statement. “I hope this inspires a lot of amateur space enthusiasts. I found one piece of the Vikram lander and based on that NASA found the other parts. I hope ISRO will have a successful Chandrayaan 3,” said Subramanian while speaking on a TV channel. Today, the US space agency officially tweeted an image of the debris that was spotted on the moon’s surface. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="7906" retweetcount="3130" status="The #Chandrayaan2 Vikram lander has been found by our @NASAMoon mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. See the… https://t.co/niHBT1STV2" createdat="1575318157000" id="1201597561720725506"></div>





 Just three hours after NASA’s Tweet, Subramanian identified himself on Twitter and spelt out the details. As expected, it went viral. And India’s most social media friendly industrialist <keyword id="46425" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Anand-Mahindra">Anand Mahindra</keyword> shared the viral tweet and engaged in a banter with a person trying to discredit him. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="Ramanean" handlename="Shan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/822653796950167552/6RNnZRVf_normal.jpg" favoritecount="10209" retweetcount="3913" status="@NASA has credited me for finding Vikram Lander on Moon's surface #VikramLander #Chandrayaan2 @timesofindia… https://t.co/NJPPTr4aBP" createdat="1575327690000" id="1201637543394983936"></div>




 Subramanian also shared a screenshot from the mail he received from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission (LROC), saying that he will be given due credit for his findings. “The debris first located by Shanmuga is about 750 meters northwest of the main crash site and was a single bright pixel identification in that first mosaic (1.3 meter pixels, 84° incidence angle). The November mosaic shows best the impact crater, ray and extensive debris field. The three largest pieces of debris are each about 2x2 pixels and cast a one pixel shadow,” wrote NASA. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="Ramanean" handlename="Shan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/822653796950167552/6RNnZRVf_normal.jpg" favoritecount="430" retweetcount="140" status="@LRO_NASA @NASA @isro @NASA @LRO_NASA @isro This might be Vikram lander's crash site (Lat:-70.8552 Lon:21.71233 )… https://t.co/rJ3NixMmqy" createdat="1574001967000" id="1196077057928622080"></div>





 The American space agency’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LRCO) tried to locate Vikram earlier in September as well but the light conditions were too harsh for an accurate image. 
 
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