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<ul><li>Vikram, India’s lunar lander from the Chandrayaan-2 mission, has been spotted on the moon by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). </li><li>The lander’s debris was first identified by Shanmuga Subramanian — 750 meters from the main crash site. </li><li>The largest pieces at about 1.5 meters across. </li></ul>Three months after India’s failed attempt to land on the Moon, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2019/vikram-lander-found">NASA</a>) has finally spotted the lander, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/pictures-of-moon-and-earth-by-chandrayaan-2-lander-and-orbiter/articleshow/71015068.cms">Vikram</a>, on the lunar surface. <div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="5103" retweetcount="1978" status="The #Chandrayaan2 Vikram lander has been found by our @NASAMoon mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. See the… https://t.co/niHBT1STV2" createdat="1575318157000" id="1201597561720725506"></div>

 The American space agency’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/search-for-vikram-on-nasa-scientists-analyse-lunar-images-from-orbiter/articleshow/71197160.cms">tried to locate</a> Vikram earlier in September as well but the light conditions were too harsh for an accurate image. <div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="22166" retweetcount="6090" status="Our @LRO_NASA mission imaged the targeted landing site of India’s Chandrayaan-2 lander, Vikram. The images were tak… https://t.co/K37sBatI4N" createdat="1569531605000" id="1177326999657943060"></div>

 The <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasa-is-still-searching-for-vikram-lander-with-a-fresh-set-of-lunar-pictures/articleshow/71627513.cms">first signs</a> of debris were located by Shanmuga Subramanian, a space enthusiast, about 750 meters northwest of the main crash site. The largest pieces at about 1.5 meters across. "Subramanian contacted the LRO project with positive identification of debris. After receiving this tip, the LROC team confirmed the identification by comparing before and after images," said NASA in a statement. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has been trying to determine what went wrong since the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">failed landing</a> on 7 September 2019. But has since been tight-lipped about the incident. ISRO reportedly <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isro-says-moon-lander-vikram-located-by-orbiter/articleshow/71061294.cms">spotted the lander</a> with their own orbiter but did not release those images to the public. It was only two weeks ago, during a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/chandrayaan-2-india-reveals-the-mystery-behind-vikram-lander-but-its-location-is-still-unknown/articleshow/72161803.cms">parliamentary session</a>, when Jitendra Singh, a minister of state, admitted that Vikram had hard-landed — or crashed — onto the lunar surface. “Due to this deviation, the initial conditions at the start of the fine braking phase were beyond the designed parameters. As a result, Vikram hard-landed within 500 meters of the designated landing site,” he said. Experts assert that the Chandrayaan-2 mission was still a success since one of its three components, the orbiter, was successfully put in orbit around the Moon. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/everything-you-need-to-know-about-vikram-chandrayaan-2s-lander-as-it-lands-on-the-moon/articleshow/71008396.cms">Everything you need to know about Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, as it lands on the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2s-lander-vikram-found-on-the-moon-but-isro-suspects-hard-landing/articleshow/71035718.cms">Chandrayaan 2 definitely reached the Moon but might have 'hard' news in store</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-landing-drama-play-by-play-of-isro-losing-communication-with-chandrayaan-2s-lander/articleshow/71018307.cms">Moon landing drama: Play by play of ISRO losing communication with Chandrayaan 2's lander</a>

Space enthusiast helps NASA locate Vikram lander's crash site on the moon

<ul><li>An Indian techie, Shanmuga Subramanian helped <keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword> spot Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface. </li><li>He scoured the pictures taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), NASA and Arizona State University announced on Monday confirming the find. </li><li>In September, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was attempting to soft-land near the moon’s South Pole. </li></ul>Meet Shanmuga Subramanian, 33, who is now being hailed a ‘tech wizard’ for helping NASA find the debris of Vikram Lander on the moon. He scoured the pictures taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC), NASA and Arizona State University announced on <a href="http://businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nasa-finds-isros-chandrayaan-2-vikram-lander-crash-site/articleshow/72341436.cms">Monday confirming the find</a>. “I didn’t use any tools, only used my laptop to scan images,” said Subramanian who claimed to be a ‘big fan of ISRO’. He also told in a television interview that he never missed an ISRO launch. In September, ISRO lost contact with the lander when it was attempting to soft-land near the moon’s South Pole. "Subramanian contacted the LRO project with positive identification of debris. After receiving this tip, the LROC team confirmed the identification by comparing-- before and after images," said NASA in a statement. “I hope this inspires a lot of amateur space enthusiasts. I found one piece of the Vikram lander and based on that NASA found the other parts. I hope ISRO will have a successful Chandrayaan 3,” said Subramanian while speaking on a TV channel. Today, the US space agency officially tweeted an image of the debris that was spotted on the moon’s surface. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="NASA" handlename="NASA" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1091070803184177153/TI2qItoi_normal.jpg" favoritecount="7906" retweetcount="3130" status="The #Chandrayaan2 Vikram lander has been found by our @NASAMoon mission, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. See the… https://t.co/niHBT1STV2" createdat="1575318157000" id="1201597561720725506"></div>





 Just three hours after NASA’s Tweet, Subramanian identified himself on Twitter and spelt out the details. As expected, it went viral. And India’s most social media friendly industrialist <keyword id="46425" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Anand-Mahindra">Anand Mahindra</keyword> shared the viral tweet and engaged in a banter with a person trying to discredit him. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="Ramanean" handlename="Shan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/822653796950167552/6RNnZRVf_normal.jpg" favoritecount="10209" retweetcount="3913" status="@NASA has credited me for finding Vikram Lander on Moon's surface #VikramLander #Chandrayaan2 @timesofindia… https://t.co/NJPPTr4aBP" createdat="1575327690000" id="1201637543394983936"></div>




 Subramanian also shared a screenshot from the mail he received from Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission (LROC), saying that he will be given due credit for his findings. “The debris first located by Shanmuga is about 750 meters northwest of the main crash site and was a single bright pixel identification in that first mosaic (1.3 meter pixels, 84° incidence angle). The November mosaic shows best the impact crater, ray and extensive debris field. The three largest pieces of debris are each about 2x2 pixels and cast a one pixel shadow,” wrote NASA. 
	
	<div type="twitter" handle="Ramanean" handlename="Shan" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/822653796950167552/6RNnZRVf_normal.jpg" favoritecount="430" retweetcount="140" status="@LRO_NASA @NASA @isro @NASA @LRO_NASA @isro This might be Vikram lander's crash site (Lat:-70.8552 Lon:21.71233 )… https://t.co/rJ3NixMmqy" createdat="1574001967000" id="1196077057928622080"></div>





 The American space agency’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LRCO) tried to locate Vikram earlier in September as well but the light conditions were too harsh for an accurate image. 
 
 <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="72341436" title="Space enthusiast helps NASA locate Vikram lander's crash site on the moon" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div>

Meet the 33-year-old Chennai techie who spotted Vikram Lander on Moon’s surface and alerted NASA

Chandrayaan-3, India's mission to Moon, is likely to be launched in early 2021, Union Minister <keyword id="52861" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Jitendra-Singh">Jitendra Singh</keyword> said on Sunday. However, unlike Chandrayaan-2, it will not have an orbiter, but will include a lander and a rover, he added. After the hard landing of Chandrayaan-2 in September last year, space agency ISRO had planned another mission to the Moon later this year. However, the coronavirus pandemic and the lockdown have hit several of ISRO's projects and delayed missions like Chandrayaan-3. "As for Chandrayaan-3, the launch may now take place somewhere in early 2021. Chandrayaan-3 will be a mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2 and will include a Lander and Rover similar to that of Chandrayaan-2, but will not have an orbiter," a statement quoting Singh said. Planned to land on the South Pole of the Moon, Chandrayaan-2 was launched on July 22 last year. However, the lander Vikram hard-landed on September 7, crashing India's dream to become the first nation to successfully touch down on the lunar surface in its maiden attempt. The orbiter of the mission is working fine and has been sending data. Singh, who is the Minister of State for the Department of Space, said Chandrayaan-1, ISRO's maiden mission to the Moon launched in 2008, has sent images which show that Earth's satellite may be rusting along the poles. "The sign of this finding is that even though the surface of the Moon is known to have iron-rich rocks, it is not known for the presence of water and oxygen, which are the two elements needed to interact with iron to create rust," he said. Scientists at <keyword id="9471075" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="the-national-aeronautics-and-space-administration">the National Aeronautics and Space Administration</keyword> (<keyword id="6360409" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Nasa">NASA</keyword>) say that this could be because the Earth's own atmosphere is lending a helping hand which, in other words, means that the Earth's atmosphere could be protecting the Moon as well, the statement said. "Thus, the Chandrayaan-1 Moon data indicates that the Moon's poles are home to water, this is what the scientists are trying to decipher," the statement added. Meanwhile, preparations are going on for India's first-ever Human Space mission Gaganyaan, he added. The training processes and other procedures are also in place. "Constraints due to the <keyword id="8764262" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="covid">COVID</keyword> pandemic led to some disruptions in the plan for Gaganyaan but efforts are going on to stick to the timeline of around 2022," the minister said. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/news/pubg-ban-india-makes-chinese-company-tencent-loses-34-billion-in-2-days/articleshow/77924912.cms">Tencent loses nearly $34 billion since the PUBG Mobile ban in India — its second-largest valuation dip this year</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/apps/news/facebook-officially-rolls-out-instagram-reels-but-not-everyone-is-happy-with-the-new-update/articleshow/77930380.cms">Facebook officially rolls out Instagram Reels — but not everyone is happy with the new update</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/news/elon-musk-jeff-bezos-mark-zuckerberg-and-the-other-richest-tech-billionaires-lost-a-total-of-44-billion-this-week/articleshow/77941008.cms">Elon Musk, Jeff Bezos, Mark Zuckerberg, and the other richest tech billionaires lost a total of $44 billion this week</a>

'Chandrayaan-3 will be mission repeat of Chandrayaan-2' — may launch early 2021 after delay due to COVID-19 lockdown

<ul><li>China <keyword id="968019" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="lunar-rover">lunar rover</keyword> <keyword id="8051836" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="yutu-2">Yutu 2</keyword>, has discovered a new 'gel-like' substance inside one of the craters of the Moon. </li><li>The discovery has Yutu 2 moving at a record pace of three steps a day. </li><li>India's <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword> is hoping for similar discoveries on the Moon's South Pole. </li><li>Chandrayaan 2's lunar lander and rover, Vikram and Pragyan, are aiming to uncover new elements among the craters on the Moon's South Pole. </li></ul>As China's lunar rover <a href="https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/kBNxLdTNXC8dDQrPfR-GuQ">Yutu 2</a>, was exploring the part of the lunar surface that no one's ever been to before — the far side of the Moon shrouded in darkness — it seems to have stumbled upon a new 'gel-like' substance. The Chinese space agency describes it as a 'gel with mysterious lustre'. <div type="image" title="ezgif-2-d6966fc3609f" msid="70942736" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The photo that caught the attention of astronomers on ground&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 Yutu 2 was actually on its way to its 'midday nap' when the Beijing Aerospace Control Center noticed something glistening in the crater. Now, Yutu 2 is moving at its fastest ever pace — three steps a day — towards the object to examine it further. <div type="image" title="640" msid="70942668" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;China&amp;#39;s Yutu 2 or the &amp;#39;Jade Rabbit&amp;#39;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 China isn't the only country looking for previously undiscovered elements on the Moon by exploring regions that no country's ever been to before. India's <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">Chandrayaan 2</a> is on a similar mission — but at the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-south-pole-has-more-than-water-according-to-nasa-scientists/articleshow/70356565.cms">Moon's South Pole</a>. India's mission to find exotic materials India's lunar lander and rover, Pragyan and Vikram, are also hoping to <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-puts-india-on-moon-south-pole-ahead-of-america-russia-china/articleshow/70212854.cms">chance upon new elements</a> as it heads towards craters, where the shadowed regions have been protected from sunlight for millions of years. Because sunlight is limited, the temperatures in these areas can dip as far as -230 degrees Celsius — cold traps that should contain water and ice from comets, meteorites and solar wind induced iron reduction. <div type="image" title="vikram" msid="70942834" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Pragyan rover mounted on the ramp projecting from out of the sides of Vikram lander&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>

 "Scientists are expecting some exotic stuff that will have far reaching applications on the high tech industry," Chaitanya Giri, a fellow for space and ocean studies at Gateway House told Business Insider. <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/moon-south-pole-has-more-than-water-according-to-nasa-scientists/articleshow/70356565.cms">NASA scientists</a> assume that the uppermost surface of the Moon has been continuously getting reworked over the past thousand years. Even if scientists don't any new elements, they're hoping that since the areas are so preserved — they might <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">reveal fossil records</a> from the early Solar System. The Moon's South Pole is <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/unknown-facts-about-chandrayaan-2/articleshow/70218558.cms">uncharted territory</a> — no other country has attempted to explore particular area because the amount of craters make it a risky landing. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) Chairman K Sivan admitted that Chandrayaan's 2's soft landing on the moon will be the "15 most terrifying minutes" for the ground team. Vikram will separate from Chandrayaan 2's orbiter today at noon is expected to touch down on the lunar surface on 7 September 2019. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-puts-india-on-moon-south-pole-ahead-of-america-russia-china/articleshow/70212854.cms">India's Chandrayaan 2 takes the lead ahead of America, Russia, and China as the first of many missions to the Moon's South Pole</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn't find water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">India's second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water</a>

China’s lunar rover does what India’s Chandrayaan 2 is hoping to do on the Moon’s South Pole

<ul><li>India's second lunar mission, <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>, will give Indian bragging rights of being the first country to land on the Moon's South Pole even if it fails to detect water molecules.</li><li>The primary objective of <keyword id="45499" type="COMPANY" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan">Chandrayaan</keyword> 2 is to build on Chandrayaan 1's discovery of water molecules on the moon. </li><li>India's mission to the moon will also be trying to find clues to the origins of the Solar System.</li></ul>Notwithstanding the bragging rights that India will get from being the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">first country to land on the Moon’s South Pole</a>, there’s a larger mission at play for India’s second trip to the Moon. Chandrayaan 2 is set to take off next week in the wee hours of the morning — July 15 at 2:15am Indian Standard Time (IST). And, it's going to be long awaited stepping stone to build on the discovery of water by Chandrayaan 1. Very little is known about water on the Moon and mapping the lunar satellite's South Pole could be the key to solving that mystery. Confirming the location of water on the Moon and its quantities has the potential to serve as a solution for sustaining human habitation on the moon for longer missions. It can also be a last resort measure to create rocket fuel for astraunauts to find their way back to Earth. The mission will attempt a soft landing on a high plain between two of the Moon’s craters on the South Pole — Manzinus C and Simpelius N. It is expected to last a total of 15 days once ISRO successfully lands on the Moon. India’s second lunar mission will be carrying 14 payloads abroad its 3 modules — the orbiter, the lander called Vikram and Pragyan, the rover. The orbiter will be doing most of the heavy lifting with eight of the 13 payloads resting on its shoulders, while the lander will be carrying three payloads and the Pragyan will carry two when <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayan-2-lunar-mission-to-launch-in-july-by-isro/articleshow/69139095.cms">they launch into space on July 15.</a> Together, the spacecraft will have a mass of 3.8 tonnes. Early space The Moon being Earth’s neighbor definitely makes it more convenient to pop by but the planet’s natural satellite is also the <a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/water-moon">best link</a> to the Earth’s early history — not to mention that it’s an ‘<a href="https://www.isro.gov.in/chandrayaan2-home">undisturbed record</a>’ of the Solar System’s environment as it evolved to become what it is today. There are <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/nasa-mission-to-moon-explained-by-indian-origin-scientist/articleshow/69837264.cms">few theories about how the Moon came to be</a> but the story still has a lot of large gaps. The payloads abroad Chandrayaan 2 — like the Chandrayaan 2 Large Area Soft X-Ray Spectrometer <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Indias-second-mission-to-the-moon-will-use-these-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/Chandrayaan-2-Large-Area-Soft-X-Ray-Spectrometer-CLASS/slideshow/69868174.cms">(CLASS</a>), Chandrayaan 2 Atmospheric Compositional Explorer 2 (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Indias-second-mission-to-the-moon-will-use-these-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/Chandrayaan-2-Atmospheric-Compositional-Explorer-2-CHACE-2/slideshow/69867995.cms">CHACE 2</a>), Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Indias-second-mission-to-the-moon-will-use-these-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/curiosity_apxs/slideshow/69867744.cms">APXS</a>) and the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (<a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/Indias-second-mission-to-the-moon-will-use-these-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/Laser-Induced-Breakdown-Spectroscopy-LIBS/slideshow/69867715.cms">LIBS</a>) — will help the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) determine the distribution, abundance and location of the major elements on the Moon. Even when looking for water, one of the questions that ISRO will try and answer is how that water came to be on the moon in the first place. Bucket full of water Evidence of water molecules on the Moon was discovered by Chandrayaan 1 opening up new possibilities for future human spaceflight missions to the moon or even setting up a habitat where more experiments can be conducted to unveil the mysteries of the Moon. The issue with taking water from Earth into space is that its <a href="https://phys.org/news/2019-03-space.html">very heavy</a> — not to mention expensive. It’s one of the primary reasons that the International Space Station (<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2000/ast02nov_1">ISS</a>) has in-built mechanism to recycle and ration the water onboard. Finding water on the moon also gives future missions a future reservoir of hydrogen and oxygen to draw from to create rocket propellant. Estimates by NASA suggest that there could be more than <a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/missions/archive/lunarprospector.html">300 million tonnes of water</a> ice on the moon. It may not be in the same form that we find it here on Earth but it will still prove to be useful. Uncharted territory Exploring the origins of the Moon and the Solar System as well trying to find water on the Moon are ISRO’s primary objectives, which is why the Moon’s South Pole also has strategic advantage. For one, it’s uncharted territory. Most of the lunar South Pole remains shrouded in darkness because the shadow over it is considerably larger than the one on the Moon’s North Pole. For Chandrayaan 2, an area that’s protected from the Sun has significance because the craters in the region are cold traps, which contain water and ice from comets, meteorites and solar wind induced iron reduction. And since the area is so preserved, it also could unveil fossil records from the early Solar System. The Chandrayaan 2 mission will carry three modules to the Moon — an orbiter, <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/isros-moon-mission-chandrayaan-2-halted-yet-again/articleshow/68737760.cms">a lander</a> and a rover. There are going to be a total of <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">14 payloads</a> on board to collect data from the Moon, including NASA’s Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA). See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/heres-why-chandrayaan-2-is-landmark-moon-mission-for-india/articleshow/69842571.cms">India's second moon mission Chandrayaan-2 that will cost ₹10 billion will break new records</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">India’s second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayan-2-lunar-mission-to-launch-in-july-by-isro/articleshow/69139095.cms">India’s second lunar mission pegged to launch in July</a>

Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water

<ul><li><keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>’s lander, Vikram will attempt to soft land near the Moon’s South Pole between 1:30 am and 2:30 am on 7 September 2019.</li><li><keyword id="6393127" type="ORGANIZATION" weightage="20" keywordseo="National-Geographic">National Geographic</keyword> will live stream the event, which will be hosted by a National Aeronautics and Space Administration astronaut, Jerry Linenger.</li><li>Hostar will also live stream the event through their platform.</li></ul>India’s is going to become the <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-puts-india-on-moon-south-pole-ahead-of-america-russia-china/articleshow/70212854.cms">first country</a> in the world to land near the Moon’s South Pole tonight and the whole world is waiting to watch Chandrayaan 2 land. After <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/why-chandrayaan-2-will-take-7-weeks-to-reach-moon/articleshow/70346159.cms">seven weeks</a> of maneuvering through space and Chandrayaan 2’s lander, Vikram, is finally reach to make its approach. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="17723" retweetcount="3619" status="We have the same wishes for Vikram, Orbiter. Want to stay in touch with Vikram and Pragyan as they make their way t… https://t.co/rL4mBBjpVF" createdat="1567740649000" id="1169815188972826625"></div>



 This will be the “15 most terrifying moments” for the Indian Space Research Organisation, according Chairman K Sivan. Chandrayaan 2’s lander, Vikram, separately from the orbiter on <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/indias-lunar-lander-vikram-has-broken-away-from-the-chandrayaan-2-spacecraft-/articleshow/70945426.cms">2 September 2019</a> and is currently in the process of putting itself in the correct position to begin its soft-landing. It’s a <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">milestone for India</a> since it will be landing one of the most cratered regions on the Moon — that too with <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">indegenious built technology</a> for the first time. Chandrayaan 2 will also make India the fourth country to soft-land on the lunar surface, if it’s successful. Here’s where and how to watch Chandrayaan 2 land on the Moon: National Geographic will be hosting the live broadcast on 7 September 2019 between 1.30 am to 2.30 am. The show will be hosted by National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) astronaut, Jerry Linenger. Linenger will walk viewers through the soft landing and also share his own experiences in space with them, according to the channel. Hotstar users can also watch the <keyword id="961511" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="moon-landing">Moon landing</keyword> live through the streaming platform. <div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="8349" retweetcount="2922" status="Less than 3 hours to go ! Watch the live telecast from 1:15 AM IST on our website https://t.co/H6xiSf2TIP and on… https://t.co/x3StMZjz1x" createdat="1567793291000" id="1170035984622182400"></div>

 ISRO will also be live streaming the event from the Satellite Control Centre (SCC) in Bengaluru. The feed will be able on ISRO’s official site as well as through their channel on YouTube. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-is-not-just-looking-for-water-on-the-moon/articleshow/70974829.cms">Chandrayaan 2 is not just looking for water on the moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chinas-lunar-rover-does-what-indias-chandrayaan-2-is-hoping-to-do-on-the-moons-south-pole/articleshow/70942638.cms">China’s lunar rover does what India’s Chandrayaan 2 is hoping to do on the Moon’s South Pole</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water</a>

Where and how to watch Chandrayaan 2’s Moon landing live tonight

<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation's (<keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword>) <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword> just clicked its first photo of the Moon from a distance of 2,650 kilometers. </li><li>The picture was clicked by the mission lander, Vikram, aboard the Chandrayaan 2 spacecraft.</li><li>The image shows the Apollo craters and the Mare Orientale basin — where scientists believe a lunar sea used to exist 3 billion years ago.</li></ul>India's mission to the Moon's South Pole, Chandrayaan 2, just sent back its first images of the Moon. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="74477" retweetcount="19790" status="Take a look at the first Moon image captured by #Chandrayaan2 #VikramLander taken at a height of about 2650 km from… https://t.co/QK9onuAK3C" createdat="1566481816000" id="1164535259561517058"></div>



 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) captured the Moon and some of its primary landmarks like the Mare Orientale basin. Scientists initially mistook these dark patches on the moon for ‘<keyword id="8014561" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="lunar-seas">lunar seas</keyword>', which is why they're called ‘Mare — latin for sea.' In reality, the dark parts of the Moon's surface are basaltic plains formed by ancient volcanic eruptions. They come up darker than the rest of the lunar surface because they're reflective owing to their iron-rich composition. The <keyword id="8014559" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="mare-oreintale-basin">Mare Oreintale basin</keyword> — one of 40 mare basins on the Moon — is a little different than others because relatively unflooded by the basalts. 
 <div type="image" title="Mare_Orientale_-_C" msid="70798603" hostid="261"></div>


 But, that's not what makes it special — the 3.8 billion-year-old Mare Oreintale's is significant as it is lies in the fact that it's the freshest impact basin on the Moon. In other words, it's where the last asteroid hit the lunar surface. Targeting the bulls eye Measuring around 1,000 kilometers in diameter, the basin pans outward in a ring pattern — 3 rings to exact — the Mare Orientale basin looks like a bullseye on the lunar surface. 
 <div type="image" title="768px-Orientale_lro" msid="70798505" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The three rings of the Mare Orientale taken by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>



 NASA scientists have been studying the Mare Orientale basin to try and figure out how the Moon's different features work while hoping that it may provide clues into the Moon's immensely complex history. Normally, with smaller craters than the Oreintale, the initial crater left behind is filled with information to help researchers. But in Mare Oreintale's case, none of the rings are the are from where the asteroid hit for the very first time. "Instead, it appears that, in large impacts like the one that formed Orientale, the surface violently rebounds, obliterating signs of the initial impact," stated <a href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6662">Maria Zuber</a>, who led the study. Another anomaly is that an asteroid impact normally reshuffled the surface to bring up material from the mantle up to the surface. But with Orientale, scientists found that the crater's surface has the same composition as the Moon's crust. Brandon Johnson from Brown University simulated the event to show that the initial crater quickly collapses, material quickly then falls from the outside of the crater into the center and covers up any mantel rock that might back exposed. The Apollo craters The second landmark captured in the picture taken by Vikram, Chandrayaan 2's lander, are the Apollo craters. It's a double ringed crater that's named after NASA's Apollo missions to the Moon. Individual craters within the Apollo basin have been named after the various astronauts on these missions are a tribute to their contribution to science. The seven most recent craters that were named were a homage to the fallen crew of the Space Shuttle Columbia. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-enters-moons-orbit-play-by-play-of-how-it-happened/articleshow/70751884.cms">Chandrayaan 2 enters Moon’s orbit — play-by-play of how it happened</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/why-chandrayaan-2-will-take-7-weeks-to-reach-moon/articleshow/70346159.cms">Here’s why it’s going to take 7 weeks for Chandrayaan 2 to reach the Moon</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water</a>

Chandrayaan 2’s first photo of the Moon shows where 3.8 billion-year old ‘lunar seas’ once used to exist

<ul><li>"Urge you all to watch the special moments of Chandrayaan-2 descending on to the Lunar South pole": tweeted PM Modi</li><li><keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>’s lander, Vikram will attempt to soft land near the Moon’s South Pole between 1:30 am and 2:30 am on 7 September 2019. </li><li>Interestingly, Chandrayaan 2 is not just looking for water on the moon. Read Business Insider India to find out more. </li></ul>Prime Minister <keyword id="6354477" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Narendra-Modi">Narendra Modi</keyword> might help you get some followers, likes and retweets on <keyword id="6354616" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="Twitter">Twitter</keyword>. Oh no, he is not endorsing your ‘gyaan’ on life, but definitely acknowledging your valued thoughts on Chandrayaan2 - one of India’s most historic lunar missions. Taking to Twitter, PM said, “I urge you all to watch the special moments of Chandrayaan - 2 descending on to the Lunar South Pole! Do share your photos on social media. I will re-tweet some of them too.” 
	<div type="twitter" handle="narendramodi" handlename="Narendra Modi" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1134082549041393672/QbihPzrL_normal.png" favoritecount="14928" retweetcount="3146" status="I urge you all to watch the special moments of Chandrayaan - 2 descending on to the Lunar South Pole! Do share your… https://t.co/PhYdWVY2qv" createdat="1567755813000" id="1169878791360925697"></div>



 PM Modi will be watching Chandrayaan 2’s descent on the Moon with youngsters from the <keyword id="6358064" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="isro">ISRO</keyword> Centre in Bengaluru. “The youngsters with whom I will watch the special moments from the ISRO Centre in Bengaluru are those bright minds who won the ISRO Space Quiz on MyGov. The large scale participation in this Quiz showcases the interest of the youth in science and space. This is a great sign!” 
	<div type="twitter" handle="narendramodi" handlename="Narendra Modi" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1134082549041393672/QbihPzrL_normal.png" favoritecount="3866" retweetcount="744" status="The youngsters with whom I will watch the special moments from the ISRO Centre in Bengaluru are those bright minds… https://t.co/wSYkQ2SiUD" createdat="1567755703000" id="1169878328196526082"></div>



 India’s is going to become the first country in the world to land near the Moon’s South Pole tonight and the whole world is waiting to watch Chandrayaan 2 land. After seven weeks of maneuvering through space and Chandrayaan 2’s lander, Vikram, is finally reach to make its approach. This will be the “15 most terrifying moments” for the Indian Space Research Organisation, according Chairman K Sivan. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="BiIndia" handlename="Business Insider India🇮🇳" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/897791968561856513/lSAPr7ui_normal.jpg" favoritecount="9" retweetcount="3" status="#WATCH | #Chandrayaan2's soft landing on #Moon on Saturday at 1:30am: Things you must know. Read more:… https://t.co/cE9CUy9pss" createdat="1567754453000" id="1169873085995970562"></div>



 Modi also said — “The moment 130 crore Indians were enthusiastically waiting for is here! In a few hours from now, the final descent of Chandrayaan - 2 will take place on the Lunar South Pole. India, and the rest of the world will yet again see the exemplary prowess of our space scientists.” 
	<div type="twitter" handle="narendramodi" handlename="Narendra Modi" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1134082549041393672/QbihPzrL_normal.png" favoritecount="6523" retweetcount="1280" status="I am extremely excited to be at the ISRO Centre in Bengaluru to witness the extraordinary moment in the history of… https://t.co/3cEPhtGiUp" createdat="1567755702000" id="1169878325763788800"></div>



 Chandrayaan 2’s lander, Vikram, separately from the orbiter on 2 September 2019 and is currently in the process of putting itself in the correct position to begin its soft-landing. It’s a milestone for India since it will be landing one of the most cratered regions on the Moon — that too with indegenious built technology for the first time. Chandrayaan 2 will also make India the fourth country to soft-land on the lunar surface, if it’s successful. Excited over ISRO’s achievements, the prime minister said, “I have been regularly and enthusiastically tracking all updates relating to Chandrayaan - 2 since it was launched on 22nd July 2019. This Mission manifests the best of Indian talent and spirit of tenacity. Its success will benefit crores of Indians.” 
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="24026" retweetcount="4906" status="We have the same wishes for Vikram, Orbiter. Want to stay in touch with Vikram and Pragyan as they make their way t… https://t.co/rL4mBBjpVF" createdat="1567740649000" id="1169815188972826625"></div>


 Here’s where and how to watch Chandrayaan 2 land on the Moon: National Geographic will be hosting the live broadcast on 7 September 2019 between 1.30 am to 2.30 am. The show will be hosted by National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) astronaut, Jerry Linenger. Linenger will walk viewers through the soft landing and also share his own experiences in space with them, according to the channel. Hotstar users can also watch the Moon landing live through the streaming platform. ISRO will also reportedly live stream the event from the Satellite Control Centre (SCC) in Bengaluru. The feed will be able on ISRO’s official site as well as through their channel on YouTube. Chandrayaan 2 is inching close to the Moon's South Pole, and India hopes to be the first country to land on its cratered surface. India's Moon mission will scan the lunar surface for clues about its composition. And, that unlock what's inside — like precious metals, according to a new study published in Nature GeoScience. 
	<div type="twitter" handle="isro" handlename="ISRO" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/413572279734247424/LshYgwCH_normal.jpeg" favoritecount="15464" retweetcount="3337" status="Watch this video to find out more about Vikram — Chandrayaan 2’s Lander — and the different stages of its journey t… https://t.co/Wm4uS7yxQW" createdat="1567701269000" id="1169650015347732481"></div>



 Geologists believe that since there are similarities between the Earth and the Moon, the composition of mineral deposits found on the planet could be parallel to what might be found on the natural satellite. "Examination of mineral deposits on Earth suggests that iron sulfide is a great place to store precious metals, like platinum and palladium," stated James Brenan, the lead author of the paper. And, in order to confirm his findings, "the South pole seems like a good choice for sampling". How will Chandrayaan 2 help? The primary objective of the mission is to build on Chandrayaan 1's discovery of water on the Moon. The high tech instruments aboard the lander, Vikram, and the rover, Pragyan, will analyse the elemental composition of the Moon. Scientists are hoping that the information will help them find out more about other elements as well — like where there may find more Sulphur. "We have been able to link the Sulfur content of lunar volcanic rocks to the presence of iron sulfide deep inside the moon," said Brenan. "Our results show that sulfur in lunar volcanic rocks is a fingerprint for the presence of iron sulfide in the rocky interior of the moon, which is where we think the precious metals were left behind when the lavas were created," he added.

PM Modi might retweet you tonight, here's how you can feature on his Twitter timeline

<ul><li>Data readiness, business impact and <keyword id="294572" type="TECHNOLOGY" weightage="20" keywordseo="machine-learning">machine learning</keyword> (ML) strategy are three parameters that every business needs to address before using ML for their needs. </li><li>Data readiness not only includes gathering the right amount of data, but also making sure the non-important bits are filtered out and that customer information is protected.</li><li>Businesses also need to find the right business problem to address — many tend to either undershoot or overshoot. </li></ul>Every business is looking to grab on to the machine learning (ML) bandwagon to either further their own business or narrow the gap against their competition. But before jumping in head first, Vikram Anbazhagan — the Director of Product for <keyword id="10140015" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="language-ai-at-aws">Language AI at AWS</keyword> — believes that there are three critical questions that businesses should ask themselves. The first of which is data readiness. This includes having sufficient data that’s been cleaner up for ML use. The second is the anticipated business impact — what problem needs to be solved to either boost business efficiency or improve customer experience. <div type="image" title="why ai deloitte" msid="78769752" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;63% of executives surveyed by Deloitte said their AI initiatives were needed to catch up with their rivals or, at best, to open a narrow lead &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> “Many customers know they want to use ML but they’re asking how do I pick the first problem that I need to focus on in order to have a successful ML strategy,” Anbazhagan said at the BI Global Trends Festival 2020. But, the actual <keyword id="10140011" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="machine-learning-strategy">machine learning strategy</keyword> comes in at the end. The third and final piece of the puzzle addressing how data that a business has curated will match with the impact it has chosen to address. <div type="image" title="Copy of why ai deloitte" msid="78769907" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Global spending on AI forecast to grow four fold by 2024&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> At the end of the day, ML is nothing more than gathering a lot of historical data, learning from it and then using those lessons to predict what may happen in the future. And, that’s why getting the data part of it right is very critical since it forms the foundation of every use case. Data readiness Data is the backbone of all ML applications. Without data, an ML model has nothing to do. “Our customers tell us that more than 50% of their time while building an ML model is spent on getting the data, clearing it and getting it ready for the ML model,” said Anbazhagan. If the basics aren’t in place, the talent hired to build the ML model will spend the majority of their time just filtering through data rather than building use cases. <div type="twitter" handle="BiIndia" handlename="Business Insider India🇮🇳" image="http://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1232926719016718336/sfffJHNV_normal.jpg" favoritecount="0" retweetcount="1" status="#BIGTF2020 | Vikram Anbazhagan on what is most important in #MachineLearning and its potential in the next few year… https://t.co/Z7Wru27gIG" createdat="1603195353000" id="1318522996462514176"></div> In addition to looking at the data that companies already have on hand, they should also plan for the future — start collecting data that may be required a year from now. ‘Data hugging’ isn’t good in the long run The intrinsic value of data is no secret. Whether it is governments fighting over the data of its citizens or teams within a company. “We often notice what we call ‘data hugging.’ There are multiple teams in every company working on different projects, and they get really attached to their data — and they don’t want to share their data with other groups,” explained Anbazhagan. This kind of ‘data hugging’ can work in the short run allowing individual teams to roll out their little ML models, but in the long run, companies need to have an expansive view of all the data across their organisation. However, while sharing is caring, it’s also essential to have good access control policies and data governance to ensure that any customer data doesn’t fall into the wrong hands. This includes segregating personal data from sensitive data from public data. Any personal details about customers — like address, credit card numbers, contact details, among others — need to be redacted. Picking a business problem to solve and using ML This is the tricky part. According to Anbazhagan, some companies tend to either overshoot or undershoot. Ideally, the chosen business problem should have a huge impact, but it should also be something that the ML model can solve within six to 10 months. “Some companies over-index on the business impact and pick some really complicated problem for which there may not be a lot of data,” he explained. In other cases, companies may have a lot of data, and the ML model also works well — but the chosen problem isn’t big enough. In such cases, Anbazhagan recommends using the models as proof-of-concept (POCs). This will allow employees to build up their skills and focus on more critical and high impact problems. Data readiness, business impact, and ML applicability are the three parameters that need to line up for a business to have a successful and robust ML strategy at the helm. Addressing the <keyword id="10140010" type="UNKNOWN" weightage="20" keywordseo="ML-skill-gap">ML skill gap</keyword> Despite the growing demand for engineers and data scientists that specialise in ML, there is still a shortage in the market. According to the World Economic Forum (<a href="http://reports.weforum.org/future-of-jobs-2018/">WEF</a>), AI has the potential to create 58 million new jobs by 2022. However, according to <a href="https://www.tisi.org/Public/Uploads/file/20171201/20171201151555_24517.pdf">Tencent Research</a>, there are only around 300,000 AI engineers around the world. This makes recruiting talent for ML applications difficult and expensive. Anbazhagan believes companies would be better served by developing internal talent instead and creating a community around reskilling as ML continues to grow. ML is an inevitable part of the future. It automates most manual tasks that are time-consuming and repetitive in nature — doing them faster and more efficiently. However, it's not something that can be put in place overnight. Putting some thought and direction into a business’ ML strategy can make all the difference between being a leader or a laggard in the industry. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/nokia-is-set-to-build-the-first-4g-network-on-the-moon-for-nasa-it-will-eventually-be-upgraded-to-5g/articleshow/78763251.cms">Nokia is set to build the first 4G network on the Moon for NASA — it will eventually be upgraded to 5G</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/the-moon-photobombed-nasas-view-of-the-sun/articleshow/78762020.cms">The Moon photobombs NASA's view of the Sun</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/business/corporates/news/wipro-wins-five-year-contract-with-europes-third-largest-producer-of-clean-electricity/articleshow/78761079.cms">Wipro wins five-year contract with Europe’s third-largest producer of clean electricity</a>

EXCLUSIVE: Amazon AI executive explains three things every business needs to address before using machine learning

<ul><li>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has planned a public release of this data from <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword> in October. </li><li>This is the same data that the Indian space agency is already using to create the highest resolution 3D map of the Moon. </li><li>The data packet will include insights from all eight of the orbiter’s instruments. </li></ul>The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has announced that it will be publicly releasing all the science data from Chandrayaan-2 for global use. And, this includes the images that went behind creating the highest-resolution 3D map of the Moon. The orbiter is home to eight out of the 14 payloads, or instruments, that were aboard Chandrayaan-2 when it took off from Earth. Even though Vikram — Chandrayaan 2’s lander — didn’t make it, the orbiter has still been looking high and low for new discoveries, including the presence of water. <div type="image" title="Orbiter crater" msid="77103840" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;3D view of crater near Lindbergh. The triplet images from TMC-2 when processed into Digital Elevation Models, enable mapping of surface landform morphologies. &amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> ISRO’s highest resolution 3D map of the Moon The Indian space agency’s initial plans to release the data were scrapped when the 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in March was cancelled due to the coronavirus outbreak. Instead, it released the draft of one of the projects that it was working — the highest resolution 3D map of the Moon. The Chandrayaan 2 orbiter is using the four instruments it has onboard to capture details of what’s on and below the lunar surface. <div type="Article" hostid="261" msid="74648255" title="Sneak peek at the highest-resolution 3D map of the Moon that Chandrayaan 2’s orbiter is putting together" mstype="2" mssubtype="0"></div> The 3D representation of the Moon will help serve as a guide to future missions and even point out where large reserves of water or other elements are most likely to be hidden. List of instruments onboard the Chandrayaan 2 orbiter: <ul><li>Terrain Mapping Camera 2 (TMC 2)</li><li>Chandrayaan 2 Large Area Soft Spectrometer (CLASS)</li><li>Solar X-ray Monitor (XSM)</li><li>Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC)</li><li>Imaging IR Spectrometer (IIRS)</li><li>Chandrayaan 2 Atmospheric Compositional Explore 2 (CHASE 2)</li><li>Dual Frequency Radio Science (DFRS) experiment</li></ul>The hunt for water on the Moon One of the main instruments being used to create the map is also a key payload for ISRO in its hunt for water. The Imaging IR Spectrometer (IIRS) is analysing the surface for the presence of water but it’s also mapping for minerals and volatility. To support IIRS findings, the Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) will be trying to provide a quantitative estimate of exactly how much is present below the surface. <div type="image" title="orbiter SAR_edited" msid="77103858" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Data captured by Chandrayaan&amp;#39;s SAR instrument&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> Peering through the darkness Using the Orbiter High-Resolution Camera (OHRC) can capture images at 0.25 meters per pixel. The only other instruments going around the Moon that come anywhere close to the same level of accuracy is the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) that can capture pictures of the Moon at 0.5 meters per pixel. <div type="image" title="orbiter boulders oHRC_edited" msid="77103890" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Close up view of boulders on the lunar surface taken by the OHRC onboard the Chandrayaan 2 orbiter&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div> What makes the data from OHRC even more unique is that it can even capture images during underlit conditions. So, when a particular region may not be illuminated by sunlight, the orbiter will still be able to peer through the darkness to capture the crater floors of the Moon. The OHRC is working alongside the Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC 2), the Imaging Infrared Spectrometer (IIRS), and the Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (DFSAR) to create the 3D map. The TMC2 has an additional purpose to help scientists on Earth gain a better understanding of the Moon’s evolution. Minerals and precious metals One of the instruments not involved in the making of the 3D map but has data of its own to offer is the Chandrayaan 2 Large Area Soft X-Ray Spectrometer (CLASS). It’s on the hunt for major elements like Aluminium, Magnesium, Silicon, Calcium, Sodium, Iron or Titanium near the Moon’s South Pole. The Solar X-Ray Monitor (XSM) helps CLASS analyse its own data by measuring the intensity of the X-Rays emitted by the Sun and its corona. Finally, the Chandrayaan 2 Atmospheric Compositional Explorer 2 (CHACE 2) has been gathering data from the lunar exosphere to carry an in-situ study of its composition and durability. SEE ALSO: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-to-release-chandrayaan-2-data-globally-from-october/articleshow/77099193.cms">ISRO to release Chandrayaan-2 data globally from October</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/science/space/news/isro-shares-first-discovery-from-chandrayaan-2-orbiter/articleshow/71435228.cms">India’s shares its first discovery from Chandrayaan 2’s ‘flash photography’</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-is-not-just-looking-for-water-on-the-moon/articleshow/70974829.cms">Chandrayaan 2 is not just looking for water on the moon</a>

Chandrayaan 2’s data release will include the highest-resolution 3D map of the Moon and information from its 8 high tech instruments

<ul><li>India's upcoming mission to Moon, <keyword id="414120" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan 2</keyword>, is the the country's biggest space project yet costing ₹10 billion.</li><li>Chandrayaan-2 is India's second lunar visit but it still marks a lot of firsts for the country and the global community, like being the first country to make a soft landing on the Moon's South Pole.</li><li>It will also be the first time that a country will be exploring the Moon's potential for water.</li></ul>India's second lunar mission, Chandrayaan 2, set to take off today. It may be India's second trip to the Moon but it will be first time any country in the world will be landing on the Moon's South Pole. This is India's biggest project till date with the cost coming up to ₹10 billion and will mark many ‘firsts’ for the country’s apex space agency. Building on Chandrayaan 1's discovery of water is only one part of the Chandrayaan 2's goal on the moon. Since it will be privy to the Moon's craters in a region that's been frozen for millions of years at temperatures dipping below 270 degrees Celcius, the Indians Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is also hoping to look into other primary elements that may be present on the moon. India’s second lunar mission will be carrying 14 payloads abroad its 3 modules — the orbiter, the lander called Vikram and Pragyan, the rover. Together, the spacecraft will have a mass of 3.8 tonnes. Here are all the reasons why Chandrayaan-2 is a landmark mission for India: 1. Soft landing The last time around, during Chandrayaan-1, ISRO attempted a crash landing on the Moon. But, this time around it is choosing to opt for a soft landing, making it one of the most challenging tasks that ISRO at undertaken till date. 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="Bengaluru: ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2, India&amp;#39;s ..." msid="69843050" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>










 2. Women power The Chandrayaan-2 mission is also the first time that an ISRO mission is being led by two women — the project director, M Vanitha and the mission director, Ritu Karidhal. Vanitha was recommended to the position for her problem solving skills as well as her deft handling of the team. Karidhal, on the other hand, has already proved her competence as a member of India’s Mars mission. After many delays, India’s second lunar mission — Chandrayaan-2 — is set to take off from the Sriharikota launch pad on July 15 at 2:51am. But, just because India’s been to the Moon before doesn’t mean that the new mission isn’t a big deal. 3. Covering the Moon in India’s Asoka Chakra Pragyaan, the rover that will roam the surface of the Moon, is gonna tag the entire Moon with India’s Ashoka Chakra and the ISRO’s logo. As its wheels move across the lunar surface will imprint the move for a total of 500cms — the total distance that the rover can travel during the course of the mission. 
 
 
 
 
 <div type="image" title="Bengaluru: ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2, India&amp;#39;s ..." msid="69843107" hostid="261" caption="&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;ISRO personnel work on the orbiter vehicle of Chandrayaan-2&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;"></div>











 4. <keyword id="2179903" type="PERSON" weightage="20" keywordseo="Water-on-the-moon">Water on the Moon</keyword> The Chandrayaan 2 mission is also India’s chance to study water on the Moon, first discovered during the Chandrayaan 1 mission. This will be a first for the for the global scientific community and could provide solutions for sustaining human missions to the Moon like the one NASA has planned for 2024 called Artemis. See also: <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-india-moon-mission-14-high-tech-instruments-to-look-for-water/articleshow/69867398.cms">India’s second mission to the moon will use these 14 high-tech instruments to look for water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayaan-2-why-indias-isro-is-going-to-the-moon/articleshow/69893150.cms">Chandrayaan 2 will give India bragging rights even if it doesn’t find water</a> <a href="https://www.businessinsider.in/chandrayan-2-lunar-mission-to-launch-in-july-by-isro/articleshow/69139095.cms">India’s second lunar mission pegged to launch in July</a>

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